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Laine AL, Tylianakis JM. The coevolutionary consequences of biodiversity change. Trends Ecol Evol 2024:S0169-5347(24)00084-3. [PMID: 38705768 DOI: 10.1016/j.tree.2024.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2023] [Revised: 04/03/2024] [Accepted: 04/05/2024] [Indexed: 05/07/2024]
Abstract
Coevolutionary selection is a powerful process shaping species interactions and biodiversity. Anthropogenic global environmental change is reshaping planetary biodiversity, including by altering the structure and intensity of interspecific interactions. However, remarkably little is understood of how coevolutionary selection is changing in the process. Here, we outline three interrelated pathways - change in evolutionary potential, change in community composition, and shifts in interaction trait distributions - that are expected to redirect coevolutionary selection under biodiversity change. Assessing how both ecological and evolutionary rules governing species interactions are disrupted under anthropogenic global change is of paramount importance to understand the past, present, and future of Earth's biodiversity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna-Liisa Laine
- Organismal and Evolutionary Biology Research Programme, Faculty of Biological and Environmental Sciences, Viikinkaari 1 (PO Box 65), University of Helsinki, FI-00014 Helsinki, Finland.
| | - Jason M Tylianakis
- Bioprotection Aotearoa, University of Canterbury, Private Bag 4800, Christchurch 8140, New Zealand
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2
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Ngeve MN, Engelhardt KAM, Gray M, Neel MC. Calm after the storm? Similar patterns of genetic variation in a riverine foundation species before and after severe disturbance. Ecol Evol 2023; 13:e10670. [PMID: 37920773 PMCID: PMC10618894 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.10670] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2023] [Revised: 08/28/2023] [Accepted: 10/16/2023] [Indexed: 11/04/2023] Open
Abstract
In summer 2011, Tropical storms Lee and Irene caused an estimated 90% decline of the submersed aquatic plant Vallisneria americana Michx. (Hydrocharitaceae) in the Hudson River of New York (USA). To understand the genetic impact of such large-scale demographic losses, we compared diversity at 10 microsatellite loci in 135 samples collected from five sites just before the storms with 239 shoots collected from nine sites 4 years after. Although 80% of beds sampled in 2011 lacked V. americana in 2015, we found similar genotypic and genetic diversity and effective population sizes in pre-storm versus post-storm sites. These similarities suggest that despite local extirpations concentrated at the upstream end of the sampling area, V. americana was regionally resistant to genetic losses. Similar geographically based structure among sites in both sampling periods suggested that cryptic local refugia at previously occupied sites facilitated re-expansion after the storms. However, this apparent resistance to disturbance may lead to a false sense of security. Low effective population sizes and high clonality in both time periods suggest that V. americana beds were already small and had high frequency of asexual reproduction before the storms. Dispersal was not sufficient to recolonize more isolated sites that had been extirpated. Chronic low diversity and reliance on asexual reproduction for persistence can be risky when more frequent and intense storms are paired with ongoing anthropogenic stressors. Monitoring genetic diversity along with extent and abundance of V. americana will give a more complete picture of long-term potential for resilience.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magdalene N. Ngeve
- Department of Plant Science and Landscape ArchitectureUniversity of MarylandCollege ParkMarylandUSA
- Department of EntomologyUniversity of MarylandCollege ParkMarylandUSA
| | | | - Michelle Gray
- Department of Plant Science and Landscape ArchitectureUniversity of MarylandCollege ParkMarylandUSA
- Department of EntomologyUniversity of MarylandCollege ParkMarylandUSA
| | - Maile C. Neel
- Department of Plant Science and Landscape ArchitectureUniversity of MarylandCollege ParkMarylandUSA
- Department of EntomologyUniversity of MarylandCollege ParkMarylandUSA
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3
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Santos AS, Cazetta E, Faria D, Lima TM, Lopes MTG, Carvalho CDS, Alves‐Pereira A, Morante‐Filho JC, Gaiotto FA. Tropical forest loss and geographic location drive the functional genomic diversity of an endangered palm tree. Evol Appl 2023; 16:1257-1273. [PMID: 37492151 PMCID: PMC10363835 DOI: 10.1111/eva.13525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2022] [Revised: 12/10/2022] [Accepted: 12/13/2022] [Indexed: 07/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Human activity has diminished forests in different terrestrial ecosystems. This is well illustrated in the Brazilian Atlantic Forest, which still hosts high levels of species richness and endemism, even with only 28% of its original extent remaining. The consequences of such forest loss in remaining populations can be investigated with several approaches, including the genomic perspective, which allows a broader understanding of how human disturbance influences the genetic variability in natural populations. In this context, our study investigated the genomic responses of Euterpe edulis Martius, an endangered palm tree, in forest remnants located in landscapes presenting different forest cover amount and composed by distinct bird assemblage that disperse its seeds. We sampled 22 areas of the Brazilian Atlantic Forest in four regions using SNP markers inserted into transcribed regions of the genome of E. edulis, distinguishing neutral loci from those putatively under natural selection (outlier). We demonstrate that populations show patterns of structure and genetic variability that differ between regions, as a possible reflection of deforestation and biogeographic histories. Deforested landscapes still maintain high neutral genetic diversity due to gene flow over short distances. Overall, we not only support previous evidence with microsatellite markers, but also show that deforestation can influence the genetic variability outlier, in the scenario of selective pressures imposed by these stressful environments. Based on our findings, we suggest that, to protect genetic diversity in the long term, it is necessary to reforest and enrich deforested areas, using seeds from populations in the same management target region.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alesandro Souza Santos
- Laboratório de Ecologia Aplicada à Conservação, Programa de Pós‐Graduação em Ecologia e Conservação da BiodiversidadeUniversidade Estadual de Santa CruzIlhéusBrazil
- Laboratório de Marcadores Moleculares, Centro de Biotecnologia e GenéticaUniversidade Estadual de Santa CruzIlhéusBrazil
| | - Eliana Cazetta
- Laboratório de Ecologia Aplicada à Conservação, Programa de Pós‐Graduação em Ecologia e Conservação da BiodiversidadeUniversidade Estadual de Santa CruzIlhéusBrazil
| | - Deborah Faria
- Laboratório de Ecologia Aplicada à Conservação, Programa de Pós‐Graduação em Ecologia e Conservação da BiodiversidadeUniversidade Estadual de Santa CruzIlhéusBrazil
| | - Thâmara Moura Lima
- Instituto Federal de Educação, Ciência e Tecnologia da Bahia – Campus SeabraSeabraBrazil
| | | | | | | | - José Carlos Morante‐Filho
- Laboratório de Ecologia Aplicada à Conservação, Programa de Pós‐Graduação em Ecologia e Conservação da BiodiversidadeUniversidade Estadual de Santa CruzIlhéusBrazil
| | - Fernanda Amato Gaiotto
- Laboratório de Ecologia Aplicada à Conservação, Programa de Pós‐Graduação em Ecologia e Conservação da BiodiversidadeUniversidade Estadual de Santa CruzIlhéusBrazil
- Laboratório de Marcadores Moleculares, Centro de Biotecnologia e GenéticaUniversidade Estadual de Santa CruzIlhéusBrazil
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Pérez-Alquicira J, Wehncke EV, García-Loza GA, Carstens BC, Domínguez CA, Pérez-Ishiwara R, Molina-Freaner FE, Zamora-Tavares MDP, Rico Y, Cabrera-Toledo D, Vargas-Ponce O, Rodríguez A, Ezcurra E. Geographic isolation and long-distance gene flow influence the genetic structure of the blue fan palm Brahea armata (Arecaceae). JOURNAL OF PLANT RESEARCH 2023; 136:277-290. [PMID: 36905462 DOI: 10.1007/s10265-023-01445-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2022] [Accepted: 02/01/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
The formation of the Baja California Peninsula (BCP) has impacted the microevolutionary dynamics of different species in ways that depend on biological traits such as dispersal capacity. Plants with relatively low levels of vagility have exhibited high genetic divergence between the BCP and Continental mainland. Brahea armata (Arecaceae) is a palm species inhabiting the northern part of the BCP and Sonora; its distribution occurs in isolated oases of vegetation. We aimed to evaluate the influence of the formation of the BCP on the genetic structure of B. armata using nuclear microsatellites and chloroplast markers (cpDNA) to compare patterns of genetic diversity and structure with previous published studies. Because gene flow through seeds is usually more limited compared to pollen flow, we expect to find stronger genetic structure at (cpDNA) than at nuclear markers. Moreover, larger genetic structure might also be explained by the smaller effective population size of cpDNA. We analyzed six microsatellite markers and two cpDNA regions. The main results indicated high levels of genetic differentiation among isolated populations located in the BCP, while low genetic differentiation was found between southern populations of the BCP and Sonora, suggesting long distance gene flow. In contrast, chloroplast markers indicated high levels of genetic structure between BCP and Sonora populations, suggesting asymmetrical gene flow between pollen (measured by nuclear microsatellites) and seed (cpDNA markers). This study provides valuable information on genetic diversity of B. armata that can be relevant for conservation and management; and develops microsatellites markers that can be transferred to other Brahea species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica Pérez-Alquicira
- Laboratorio Nacional de Identificación y Caracterización Vegetal, Departamento de Botánica y Zoología, Centro Universitario de Ciencias Biológicas y Agropecuarias, Universidad de Guadalajara, Camino Ing. Ramón Sánchez Padilla 2100, Las Agujas, 45200, Zapopan, Jalisco, Mexico.
- CONACYT, Ciudad de Mexico, Mexico.
| | - Elisabet V Wehncke
- Centro de Investigación en Biodiversidad y Conservación, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Morelos, Av. Universidad 1001, Col. Chamilpa, 62209, Cuernavaca, Morelos, Mexico
| | - Gustavo A García-Loza
- Laboratorio Nacional de Identificación y Caracterización Vegetal, Departamento de Botánica y Zoología, Centro Universitario de Ciencias Biológicas y Agropecuarias, Universidad de Guadalajara, Camino Ing. Ramón Sánchez Padilla 2100, Las Agujas, 45200, Zapopan, Jalisco, Mexico
| | - Bryan C Carstens
- Department of Evolution, Ecology, and Organismal Biology and Museum of Biological Diversity, The Ohio State University, 1315 Kinnear Rd., Columbus, OH, 43212, USA
| | - César A Domínguez
- Departamento de Ecología Evolutiva, Instituto de Ecología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, 04510, Ciudad de Mexico, Mexico
| | - Rubén Pérez-Ishiwara
- Departamento de Ecología Evolutiva, Instituto de Ecología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, 04510, Ciudad de Mexico, Mexico
| | - Francisco E Molina-Freaner
- Departamento de Ecología de la Biodiversidad, Instituto de Ecología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, 83250, Hermosillo, Sonora, Mexico
| | - María Del Pilar Zamora-Tavares
- Laboratorio Nacional de Identificación y Caracterización Vegetal, Departamento de Botánica y Zoología, Centro Universitario de Ciencias Biológicas y Agropecuarias, Universidad de Guadalajara, Camino Ing. Ramón Sánchez Padilla 2100, Las Agujas, 45200, Zapopan, Jalisco, Mexico
| | - Yessica Rico
- CONACYT, Ciudad de Mexico, Mexico
- Red de Diversidad Biológica del Occidente Mexicano, Instituto de Ecología, A.C., Pátzcuaro, Michoacán, Mexico
| | - Dánae Cabrera-Toledo
- Departamento de Botánica Y Zoología, Instituto de Botánica, Centro Universitario de Ciencias Biológicas Y Agropecuarias, Universidad de Guadalajara, Ramón Padilla Sanchez 2100, Las Agujas, 45200, Zapopan, Jalisco, Mexico
| | - Ofelia Vargas-Ponce
- Departamento de Botánica Y Zoología, Instituto de Botánica, Centro Universitario de Ciencias Biológicas Y Agropecuarias, Universidad de Guadalajara, Ramón Padilla Sanchez 2100, Las Agujas, 45200, Zapopan, Jalisco, Mexico
| | - Aarón Rodríguez
- Departamento de Botánica Y Zoología, Instituto de Botánica, Centro Universitario de Ciencias Biológicas Y Agropecuarias, Universidad de Guadalajara, Ramón Padilla Sanchez 2100, Las Agujas, 45200, Zapopan, Jalisco, Mexico
| | - Exequiel Ezcurra
- Department of Botany and Plant Sciences, University of California, 2142 Batchelor Hall, Riverside, CA, 92521, USA
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Cerqueira AF, Benchimol M, Sousa‐Santos C, Bezerra IM, Santana dos Santos M, Dalmolin ÂC, Gaiotto FA, Mielke MS. Trends and gaps in the literature on native palms of the Brazilian Atlantic Forest. AUSTRAL ECOL 2023. [DOI: 10.1111/aec.13322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Amanda Freitas Cerqueira
- Laboratório de Ecologia Aplicada à Conservação Universidade Estadual de Santa Cruz CEP: 45662‐900 Ilhéus Rodovia Jorge Amado km 16 Brazil
- Centro de Formação em Ciências Agroflorestais Universidade Federal do Sul da Bahia (UFSB) CEP: 45653‐919 Ilhéus BR 415 km 22 Brazil
| | - Maíra Benchimol
- Laboratório de Ecologia Aplicada à Conservação Universidade Estadual de Santa Cruz CEP: 45662‐900 Ilhéus Rodovia Jorge Amado km 16 Brazil
| | - Catriane Sousa‐Santos
- Departamento de Ciências Biológicas Universidade Estadual de Santa Cruz CEP: 45662‐900 Ilhéus Rodovia Jorge Amado km 16 Brazil
| | - Inajara Marques Bezerra
- Departamento de Ciências Biológicas Universidade Estadual de Santa Cruz CEP: 45662‐900 Ilhéus Rodovia Jorge Amado km 16 Brazil
| | - Martielly Santana dos Santos
- Departamento de Ciências Biológicas Universidade Estadual de Santa Cruz CEP: 45662‐900 Ilhéus Rodovia Jorge Amado km 16 Brazil
| | - Ândrea Carla Dalmolin
- Centro de Formação em Ciências Agroflorestais Universidade Federal do Sul da Bahia (UFSB) CEP: 45653‐919 Ilhéus BR 415 km 22 Brazil
| | - Fernanda Amato Gaiotto
- Laboratório de Ecologia Aplicada à Conservação Universidade Estadual de Santa Cruz CEP: 45662‐900 Ilhéus Rodovia Jorge Amado km 16 Brazil
| | - Marcelo Schramm Mielke
- Laboratório de Ecologia Aplicada à Conservação Universidade Estadual de Santa Cruz CEP: 45662‐900 Ilhéus Rodovia Jorge Amado km 16 Brazil
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Population genomics of the neotropical palm Copernicia prunifera (Miller) H. E. Moore: Implications for conservation. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0276408. [PMID: 36327224 PMCID: PMC9632875 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0276408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2022] [Accepted: 10/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Copernicia prunifera (Miller) H. E. Moore is a palm tree native to Brazil. The products obtained from its leaf extracts are a source of income for local families and the agroindustry. Owing to the reduction of natural habitats and the absence of a sustainable management plan, the maintenance of the natural populations of this palm tree has been compromised. Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate the diversity and genetic structure of 14 C. prunifera populations using single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) identified through genotyping-by-sequencing (GBS) to provide information that contributes to the conservation of this species. A total of 1,013 SNP markers were identified, of which 84 loci showed outlier behavior and may reflect responses to natural selection. Overall, the level of genomic diversity was compatible with the biological aspects of this species. The inbreeding coefficient (f) was negative for all populations, indicating excess heterozygotes. Most genetic variations occurred within populations (77.26%), and a positive correlation existed between genetic and geographic distances. The population structure evaluated through discriminant analysis of principal components (DAPC) revealed low genetic differentiation between populations. The results highlight the need for efforts to conserve C. prunifera as well as its distribution range to preserve its global genetic diversity and evolutionary potential.
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Pereira AG, da Silva Ferreira MF, da Silveira TC, Soler-Guilhen JH, Canal GB, Alves LB, de Almeida FAN, Gaiotto FA, Ferreira A. Patterns of genetic diversity and structure of a threatened palm species (Euterpe edulis Arecaceae) from the Brazilian Atlantic Forest. Heredity (Edinb) 2022; 129:161-168. [PMID: 35697755 PMCID: PMC9411632 DOI: 10.1038/s41437-022-00549-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2021] [Revised: 05/25/2022] [Accepted: 06/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
The detection of distribution patterns of genetic diversity of plant and animal species has contributed to the understanding of biodiversity and evolutionary history of the Atlantic Forest. We used microsatellite markers to access the genetic diversity and structure of 26 populations and 527 adult individuals of Euterpe edulis, a native palm which is an important food resource for fauna and is intensively exploited due to economic reasons. We found high genetic diversity and inbreeding in all populations analyzed. We report highest rates of inbreeding for this species, which could reflect the anthropic impacts of selective cutting, fragmentation, and change in foraging behavior from pollinators and less availability and mobility of large dispersers. We detected by STRUCTURE, two genetic groups, Northern and Southern, which divide the Brazilian Atlantic Forest geographically. These groups have low genetic admixtures, but we found a region of lineage hybridization in the contact zone with low recent gene flow. Distribution pattern of this species corroborates results from previous studies reporting the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM) have shaped the structuring of the species through movements of forests' expansion and contraction. The STRUCTURE analysis of each group revealed the presence of genetic subgroups with low rates of recurrent gene flow. Southern subgroups have higher rates of admixtures than the Northern subgroups, revealing greater historical connectivity of forests in this region.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Fernanda Amato Gaiotto
- Department of Biological Sciences, Universidade Estadual de Santa Cruz, Ilhéus, Bahia, Brazil
| | - Adésio Ferreira
- Department of Agronomy, Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, Alegre, Brazil
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Gene Flow and Genetic Structure Reveal Reduced Diversity between Generations of a Tropical Tree, Manilkara multifida Penn., in Atlantic Forest Fragments. Genes (Basel) 2021; 12:genes12122025. [PMID: 34946973 PMCID: PMC8701937 DOI: 10.3390/genes12122025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2021] [Revised: 11/16/2021] [Accepted: 12/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
The Atlantic Forest remnants in southern Bahia, Brazil, contain large tree species that have suffered disturbances in recent decades. Anthropogenic activities have led to a decrease in the population of many tree species and a loss of alleles that can maintain the evolutionary fitness of their populations. This study assessed patterns of genetic diversity, spatial genetic structure, and genetic structure among Manilkara multifida Penn. populations, comparing the genetic parameters of adult and juvenile trees. In particular, we collected leaves from adults and juveniles of M. multifida in two protected areas, the Veracel Station (EVC) and the Una Biological Reserve (UBR), located in threatened Atlantic Forest fragments. We observed a substantial decay in genetic variability between generations in both areas i.e., adults’ HO values were higher (EVC = 0.720, UBR = 0.736) than juveniles’ (EVC = 0.463 and UBR = 0.560). Both juveniles and adults showed genetic structure between the two areas (θ = 0.017 for adults and θ = 0.109 for juveniles). Additionally, forest fragments indicated an unexpectedly short gene flow. Our results, therefore, highlight the pervasive effects of historical deforestation and other human disturbances on the genetic diversity of M. multifida populations within a key conservation region of the Atlantic Forest biodiversity hotspot.
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Cerqueira AF, Rocha-Santos L, Benchimol M, Mielke MS. Habitat loss and canopy openness mediate leaf trait plasticity of an endangered palm in the Brazilian Atlantic Forest. Oecologia 2021; 196:619-631. [PMID: 33630171 DOI: 10.1007/s00442-021-04879-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2020] [Accepted: 02/10/2021] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Forest cover and light availability comprise key factors for plant establishment in tropical forests. In the Brazilian Atlantic Forest (AF), Euterpe edulis (Areacaceae) is an endangered and keystone food resource contributing to forest functionality. We investigated the influence of forest loss and light availability on leaf traits and acclimatization of young individuals of E. edulis in AF fragments. We aimed to understand (i) how canopy openness and transmitted light are affected by forest cover at the landscape scale and the individual palm level; and (ii) how local and landscape features, combined and separately, affect key leaf traits widely known to be related to plant growth. The study was carried out in 15 forest fragments, ranging from 16 to 97% of surrounding forest cover. In each fragment, we sampled 10-20 individuals of E. edulis and analyzed nine leaf traits related to morphological, biochemical and chemical aspects. We also took hemispherical photographs to estimate canopy openness on the top of each E. edulis and also within fragment plots. We found that young plants predominantly occurred in more shaded environments. Additionally, E. edulis succeeded to acclimate in six of the nine traits analyzed, with most traits being affected by local and landscape features. It is likely that the lack of variation in traits related to protection against herbivory are limiting the species establishment in highly deforested landscapes. Our results provide novel evidence that both landscape and local contexts affect the leaf traits of E. edulis young plants leading to biochemical, chemical and morphological adjustments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanda F Cerqueira
- Laboratório de Ecologia Aplicada À Conservação, Departamento de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Estadual de Santa Cruz, Rodovia Jorge Amado km 16, Ilhéus, Bahia, 42662-900, Brazil.
| | - Larissa Rocha-Santos
- Laboratório de Ecologia Aplicada À Conservação, Departamento de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Estadual de Santa Cruz, Rodovia Jorge Amado km 16, Ilhéus, Bahia, 42662-900, Brazil
| | - Maíra Benchimol
- Laboratório de Ecologia Aplicada À Conservação, Departamento de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Estadual de Santa Cruz, Rodovia Jorge Amado km 16, Ilhéus, Bahia, 42662-900, Brazil
| | - Marcelo S Mielke
- Laboratório de Ecologia Aplicada À Conservação, Departamento de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Estadual de Santa Cruz, Rodovia Jorge Amado km 16, Ilhéus, Bahia, 42662-900, Brazil
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do Amaral TS, Dos Santos JS, Rosa FF, Pessôa MB, Chaves LJ, Ribeiro MC, Collevatti RG. Agricultural Landscape Heterogeneity Matter: Responses of Neutral Genetic Diversity and Adaptive Traits in a Neotropical Savanna Tree. Front Genet 2021; 11:606222. [PMID: 33613620 PMCID: PMC7890196 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2020.606222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2020] [Accepted: 12/31/2020] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Plants are one of the most vulnerable groups to fragmentation and habitat loss, that may affect community richness, abundance, functional traits, and genetic diversity. Here, we address the effects of landscape features on adaptive quantitative traits and evolutionary potential, and on neutral genetic diversity in populations of the Neotropical savanna tree Caryocar brasiliense. We sampled adults and juveniles in 10 savanna remnants within five landscapes. To obtain neutral genetic variation, we genotyped all individuals from each site using nine microsatellite loci. For adaptive traits we measured seed size and mass and grown seeds in nursery in completely randomized experimental design. We obtained mean, additive genetic variance (Va) and coefficient of variation (CVa%), which measures evolvability, for 17 traits in seedlings. We found that landscapes with higher compositional heterogeneity (SHDI) had lower evolutionary potential (CVa%) in leaf length (LL) and lower aboveground dry mass (ADM) genetic differentiation (QST). We also found that landscapes with higher SHDI had higher genetic diversity (He) and allelic richness (AR) in adults, and lower genetic differentiation (FST). In juveniles, SHDI was also positively related to AR. These results are most likely due to longer dispersal distance of pollen in landscapes with lower density of flowering individuals. Agricultural landscapes with low quality mosaic may be more stressful for plant species, due to the lower habitat cover (%), higher cover of monocropping (%) and other land covers, and edge effects. However, in landscapes with higher SHDI with high quality mosaic, forest nearby savanna habitat and the other environments may facilitate the movement or provide additional habitat and resources for seed disperses and pollinators, increasing gene flow and genetic diversity. Finally, despite the very recent agriculture expansion in Central Brazil, we found no time lag in response to habitat loss, because both adults and juveniles were affected by landscape changes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tatiana Souza do Amaral
- Laboratório de Genética & Biodiversidade, ICB, Universidade Federal de Goiás (UFG), Goiânia, Brazil
| | - Juliana Silveira Dos Santos
- Laboratório de Genética & Biodiversidade, ICB, Universidade Federal de Goiás (UFG), Goiânia, Brazil.,Laboratório de Ecologia Espacial e Conservação (LEEC), Departamento de Biodiversidade, Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Rio Claro, Brazil
| | - Fernanda Fraga Rosa
- Laboratório de Genética & Biodiversidade, ICB, Universidade Federal de Goiás (UFG), Goiânia, Brazil
| | - Marcelo Bruno Pessôa
- Laboratório de Metacomunidades e Paisagem, ICB, Universidade Federal de Goiás (UFG), Goiânia, Brazil
| | - Lázaro José Chaves
- Escola de Agronomia, Universidade Federal de Goiás (UFG), Goiânia, Brazil
| | - Milton Cezar Ribeiro
- Laboratório de Ecologia Espacial e Conservação (LEEC), Departamento de Biodiversidade, Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Rio Claro, Brazil
| | - Rosane Garcia Collevatti
- Laboratório de Genética & Biodiversidade, ICB, Universidade Federal de Goiás (UFG), Goiânia, Brazil
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