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Fichna JP, Chiliński M, Halder AK, Cięszczyk P, Plewczynski D, Żekanowski C, Janik P. Structural Variants and Implicated Processes Associated with Familial Tourette Syndrome. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:5758. [PMID: 38891944 PMCID: PMC11171586 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25115758] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2024] [Revised: 05/21/2024] [Accepted: 05/23/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Gilles de la Tourette syndrome (GTS) is a neurodevelopmental psychiatric disorder with complex and elusive etiology with a significant role of genetic factors. The aim of this study was to identify structural variants that could be associated with familial GTS. The study group comprised 17 multiplex families with 80 patients. Structural variants were identified from whole-genome sequencing data and followed by co-segregation and bioinformatic analyses. The localization of these variants was used to select candidate genes and create gene sets, which were subsequently processed in gene ontology and pathway enrichment analysis. Seventy putative pathogenic variants shared among affected individuals within one family but not present in the control group were identified. Only four private or rare deletions were exonic in LDLRAD4, B2M, USH2A, and ZNF765 genes. Notably, the USH2A gene is involved in cochlear development and sensory perception of sound, a process that was associated previously with familial GTS. In addition, two rare variants and three not present in the control group were co-segregating with the disease in two families, and uncommon insertions in GOLM1 and DISC1 were co-segregating in three families each. Enrichment analysis showed that identified structural variants affected synaptic vesicle endocytosis, cell leading-edge organization, and signaling for neurite outgrowth. The results further support the involvement of the regulation of neurotransmission, neuronal migration, and sound-sensing in GTS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jakub P. Fichna
- Department of Neurogenetics and Functional Genomics, Mossakowski Medical Research Institute, Polish Academy of Sciences, 02-106 Warsaw, Poland;
| | - Mateusz Chiliński
- Laboratory of Bioinformatics and Computational Genomics, Faculty of Mathematics and Information Science, Warsaw University of Technology, 00-662 Warsaw, Poland or (M.C.); or (A.K.H.); or (D.P.)
- Laboratory of Functional and Structural Genomics, Centre of New Technologies, University of Warsaw, 02-097 Warsaw, Poland
- Section for Computational and RNA Biology, Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, 2200 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Anup Kumar Halder
- Laboratory of Bioinformatics and Computational Genomics, Faculty of Mathematics and Information Science, Warsaw University of Technology, 00-662 Warsaw, Poland or (M.C.); or (A.K.H.); or (D.P.)
- Laboratory of Functional and Structural Genomics, Centre of New Technologies, University of Warsaw, 02-097 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Paweł Cięszczyk
- Faculty of Physical Education, Gdansk University of Physical Education and Sport, Górskiego 1 Street, 80-336 Gdansk, Poland;
| | - Dariusz Plewczynski
- Laboratory of Bioinformatics and Computational Genomics, Faculty of Mathematics and Information Science, Warsaw University of Technology, 00-662 Warsaw, Poland or (M.C.); or (A.K.H.); or (D.P.)
- Laboratory of Functional and Structural Genomics, Centre of New Technologies, University of Warsaw, 02-097 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Cezary Żekanowski
- Department of Neurogenetics and Functional Genomics, Mossakowski Medical Research Institute, Polish Academy of Sciences, 02-106 Warsaw, Poland;
- Faculty of Physical Education, Gdansk University of Physical Education and Sport, Górskiego 1 Street, 80-336 Gdansk, Poland;
| | - Piotr Janik
- Department of Neurology, Medical University of Warsaw, 02-091 Warsaw, Poland;
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Müller-Vahl KR. Cannabinoids in the Treatment of Selected Mental Illnesses: Practical Approach and Overview of the Literature. PHARMACOPSYCHIATRY 2024; 57:104-114. [PMID: 38428836 PMCID: PMC11076106 DOI: 10.1055/a-2256-0098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2023] [Accepted: 01/17/2024] [Indexed: 03/03/2024]
Abstract
Although an increasing number of patients suffering from mental illnesses self-medicate with cannabis, current knowledge about the efficacy and safety of cannabis-based medicine in psychiatry is still extremely limited. So far, no cannabis-based finished product has been approved for the treatment of a mental illness. There is increasing evidence that cannabinoids may improve symptoms in autism spectrum disorder (ASD), Tourette syndrome (TS), anxiety disorders, and post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). According to surveys, patients often use cannabinoids to improve mood, sleep, and symptoms of attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). There is evidence suggesting that tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) and THC-containing cannabis extracts, such as nabiximols, can be used as substitutes in patients with cannabis use disorder.Preliminary evidence also suggests an involvement of the endocannabinoid system (ECS) in the pathophysiology of TS, ADHD, and PTSD. Since the ECS is the most important neuromodulatory system in the brain, it possibly induces beneficial effects of cannabinoids by alterations in other neurotransmitter systems. Finally, the ECS is an important stress management system. Thus, cannabinoids may improve symptoms in patients with mental illnesses by reducing stress.Practically, cannabis-based treatment in patients with psychiatric disorders does not differ from other indications. The starting dose of THC-containing products should be low (1-2.5 mg THC/day), and the dose should be up-titrated slowly (by 1-2.5 mg every 3-5 days). The average daily dose is 10-20 mg THC. In contrast, cannabidiol (CBD) is mainly used in high doses>400 mg/day.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kirsten R. Müller-Vahl
- Clinic of Psychiatry, Socialpsychiatry and Psychotherapy, Hannover
Medical School, Hannover, Germany
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Li H, Ye Q, Wang D, Shi B, Xu W, Zhang S, Han X, Zhang XY, Thompson GJ. Resting State Brain Networks under Inverse Agonist versus Complete Knockout of the Cannabinoid Receptor 1. ACS Chem Neurosci 2024; 15:1669-1683. [PMID: 38575140 PMCID: PMC11027912 DOI: 10.1021/acschemneuro.3c00804] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2023] [Revised: 03/14/2024] [Accepted: 03/14/2024] [Indexed: 04/06/2024] Open
Abstract
The cannabinoid receptor 1 (CB1) is famous as the target of Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC), which is the active ingredient of marijuana. Suppression of CB1 is frequently suggested as a drug target or gene therapy for many conditions (e.g., obesity, Parkinson's disease). However, brain networks affected by CB1 remain elusive, and unanticipated psychological effects in a clinical trial had dire consequences. To better understand the whole brain effects of CB1 suppression we performed in vivo imaging on mice under complete knockout of the gene for CB1 (cnr1-/-) and also under the CB1 inverse agonist rimonabant. We examined white matter structural changes and brain function (network activity and directional uniformity) in cnr1-/- mice. In cnr1-/- mice, white matter (in both sexes) and functional directional uniformity (in male mice) were altered across the brain but network activity was largely unaltered. Conversely, under rimonabant, functional directional uniformity was not altered but network activity was altered in cortical regions, primarily in networks known to be altered by THC (e.g., neocortex, hippocampal formation). However, rimonabant did not alter many brain regions found in both our cnr1-/- results and previous behavioral studies of cnr1-/- mice (e.g., thalamus, infralimbic area). This suggests that chronic loss of cnr1 is substantially different from short-term suppression, subtly rewiring the brain but largely maintaining the network activity. Our results help explain why pathological mutations in CB1 (e.g., chronic pain) do not always provide insight into the side effects of CB1 suppression (e.g., clinical depression), and thus urge more preclinical studies for any drugs that suppress CB1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Li
- iHuman
Institute, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai 201210, China
| | - Qiong Ye
- High
Magnetic Field Laboratory, Hefei Institutes
of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, Anhui 230031, China
| | - Da Wang
- iHuman
Institute, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai 201210, China
- School
of Life Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech
University, Shanghai 201210, China
| | - Bowen Shi
- iHuman
Institute, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai 201210, China
- School
of Life Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech
University, Shanghai 201210, China
| | - Wenjing Xu
- Institute
of Science and Technology for Brain-Inspired Intelligence, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
- Key
Laboratory of Computational Neuroscience and Brain-Inspired Intelligence, Fudan University, Ministry of Education, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Shuning Zhang
- iHuman
Institute, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai 201210, China
- School
of Life Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech
University, Shanghai 201210, China
| | - Xiaoyang Han
- Institute
of Science and Technology for Brain-Inspired Intelligence, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
- Key
Laboratory of Computational Neuroscience and Brain-Inspired Intelligence, Fudan University, Ministry of Education, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Xiao-Yong Zhang
- Institute
of Science and Technology for Brain-Inspired Intelligence, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
- Key
Laboratory of Computational Neuroscience and Brain-Inspired Intelligence, Fudan University, Ministry of Education, Shanghai 200433, China
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Müller-Vahl KR, Pisarenko A, Ringlstetter R, Cimpianu CL, Fremer C, Weidinger E, Jenz EB, Musil R, Brunnauer A, Großhennig A. The Effect of Nabiximols on Driving Ability in Adults with Chronic Tic Disorders: Results of a Substudy Analysis of the Double-Blind, Randomized, Placebo-Controlled CANNA-TICS Trial. Cannabis Cannabinoid Res 2024. [PMID: 38265476 DOI: 10.1089/can.2023.0114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Background: The multicenter, randomized, double-blind, parallel-group, phase IIIb CANNA-TICS (CANNAbinoids in the treatment of TICS) trial showed clear trends for improvement of tics, depression, and quality of life with nabiximols versus placebo in adult patients with Gilles de la Tourette syndrome and other chronic tic disorders. Although in general nabiximols was well tolerated, it is unclear whether treatment using this cannabis extract influences driving skills in patients with chronic tic disorders. Methods: Here we report results of the "Fitness to Drive" substudy of the CANNA-TICS trial. The key endpoint was fitness to drive as a binary criterion with a computerized assessment at baseline and after 9 weeks of stable treatment (week 13) with nabiximols or placebo. A patient was considered unfit to drive according to the German Federal Highway Research Institute guidelines. Results: In the substudy, a total of 64 patients (76.6% men, mean±standard deviation of age: 36.8±13.9) were recruited at two study sites. The number of patients who were fit to drive increased from 24 (55.8%) at baseline to 28 (71.8%) at week 13 among 43 patients treated with nabiximols, and decreased from 14 (66.7%) to 10 (52.6%) among 21 patients who received placebo. The risk difference (nabiximols - placebo) was 0.17 (95% confidence interval=-0.08 to 0.43) in favor of nabiximols. Specifically, only 2 of 24 (8.3%) patients in the nabiximols, but 4 of 14 (28.6%) patients in the placebo group changed for the worse from fit (at baseline) to unfit (at week 13) to drive, whereas 8 of 19 (42.1%) patients in the nabiximols, and only 2 of 7 (28.6%) patients in the placebo group improved from unfit to fit. Conclusion: Treatment with nabiximols does not impair skills relevant to driving in those patients with tic disorders who were fit to drive at baseline and even improved fitness to drive in a subset of patients who were unfit to drive before start of treatment. EudraCT number: 2016-000564-42.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kirsten R Müller-Vahl
- Clinic of Psychiatry, Socialpsychiatry and Psychotherapy, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Anna Pisarenko
- Clinic of Psychiatry, Socialpsychiatry and Psychotherapy, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | | | - Camelia-Lucia Cimpianu
- Department of Forensic Psychiatry, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Carolin Fremer
- Clinic of Psychiatry, Socialpsychiatry and Psychotherapy, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Elif Weidinger
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Eva Beate Jenz
- Institute of Biostatistics, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Richard Musil
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Alexander Brunnauer
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Munich, Germany
- Clinical Center for Psychiatry, Psychotherapy, Psychosomatic Medicine, Geriatrics and Neurology, kbo-Inn-Salzach-Klinikum, Wasserburg/Inn, Germany
| | - Anika Großhennig
- Institute of Biostatistics, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
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Efron D, Taylor K. Medicinal Cannabis for Paediatric Developmental, Behavioural and Mental Health Disorders. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2023; 20:ijerph20085430. [PMID: 37107712 PMCID: PMC10138057 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph20085430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2023] [Revised: 03/24/2023] [Accepted: 04/06/2023] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Parents of children with developmental, behavioural and mental health disorders are increasingly asking whether medicinal cannabis might be a therapeutic option for their child. This paper presents the current evidence for medicinal cannabis in this population. Preliminary evidence from open-label studies suggests the potential for medicinal cannabis to ameliorate some symptoms in children with autism spectrum disorder. However, only one double-blind placebo-controlled trial has been completed, with inconclusive findings. Synthetic, transdermal cannabidiol gel has demonstrated efficacy for reducing social avoidance in a sub-group of children with Fragile X syndrome. Studies of medicinal cannabis are planned or underway for children and/or adolescents with autism, intellectual disability, Tourette's syndrome, anxiety, psychosis, anorexia nervosa and a number of specific neurodevelopmental syndromes. High quality evidence from double-blind placebo-controlled trials is needed to guide clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daryl Efron
- Murdoch Children’s Research Institute, 50 Flemington Rd, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia;
- The Royal Children’s Hospital, 50 Flemington Rd, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia
- Department of Paediatrics, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia
- Correspondence:
| | - Kaitlyn Taylor
- Murdoch Children’s Research Institute, 50 Flemington Rd, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia;
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Chen D, Niu Q, Liu S, Shao W, Huang Y, Xu Y, Li Y, Liu J, Wang X, Yang H. The correlation between prenatal maternal active smoking and neurodevelopmental disorders in children: a systematic review and meta-analysis. BMC Public Health 2023; 23:611. [PMID: 36997899 PMCID: PMC10064745 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-023-15496-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2022] [Accepted: 03/21/2023] [Indexed: 04/01/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To systematically evaluate the association between maternal active smoking during pregnancy and Tourette syndrome (TS), chronic tic disorder (CTD), and developmental coordination disorder (DCD) in children, and to provide evidence-based medical references to reduce the incidence of neurodevelopmental disorders in children. METHOD We searched PubMed, Web of Science, Embase, and Cochrane Library to obtain relevant articles published before 4 August 2021. Two reviewers independently assessed the articles for eligibility and extracted data. RESULTS We included eight studies involving a total of 50,317 participants (3 cohort, 3 case-control, and 2 cross-sectional studies). The pooled effect estimates suggested that prenatal maternal active smoking is related to an increased risk of neurodevelopmental disorders (OR = 1.91, 95% CI: 1.30-2.80), especially DCD (OR = 2.25, 95% CI: 1.35-3.75). Maternal active smoking during pregnancy is not associated with TS (OR = 1.07, 95% CI: 0.66-1.73) in children. CONCLUSION In this meta-analysis, we found evidence for a correlation between active smoking exposure in pregnant women and neurodevelopmental disorders in children. Owing to the differences in sample size, smoking categories and diagnostic methods, further research is needed to validate our results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danrong Chen
- School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211166, China
| | - Qing Niu
- Department of Endocrinology, Children, s Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210008, China
| | - Shiping Liu
- Department of Orthopedics, Children, s Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210008, China
| | - Wenchuan Shao
- The First Clinical Medical College, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210029, China
| | - Yi Huang
- Department of Orthopedics, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210029, China
| | - Yifan Xu
- School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211166, China
| | - Yihan Li
- Jiangsu Breast Disease Center, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210029, China
| | - Jiani Liu
- School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211166, China
| | - Xu Wang
- Department of Endocrinology, Children, s Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210008, China
| | - Haibo Yang
- Department of Emergency, Pediatric Intensive Care Unit, Children, s Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210008, China.
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Müller-Vahl KR, Pisarenko A, Szejko N, Haas M, Fremer C, Jakubovski E, Musil R, Münchau A, Neuner I, Huys D, van Elst LT, Schröder C, Ringlstetter R, Koch A, Jenz EB, Großhennig A. CANNA-TICS: Efficacy and safety of oral treatment with nabiximols in adults with chronic tic disorders - Results of a prospective, multicenter, randomized, double-blind, placebo controlled, phase IIIb superiority study. Psychiatry Res 2023; 323:115135. [PMID: 36878177 DOI: 10.1016/j.psychres.2023.115135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2023] [Revised: 02/23/2023] [Accepted: 02/24/2023] [Indexed: 03/08/2023]
Abstract
Preliminary data suggest that cannabis-based medicines might be a promising new treatment for patients with Tourette syndrome (TS)/chronic tic disorders (CTD) resulting in an improvement of tics, comorbidities, and quality of life. This randomized, multicenter, placebo-controlled, phase IIIb study aimed to examine efficacy and safety of the cannabis extract nabiximols in adults with TS/CTD (n = 97, randomized 2:1 to nabiximols:placebo). The primary efficacy endpoint was defined as a tic reduction of ≥ 25% according to the Total Tic Score of the Yale Global Tic Severity Scale after 13 weeks of treatment. Although a much larger number of patients in the nabiximols compared to the placebo group (14/64 (21·9%) vs. 3/33 (9·1%)) met the responder criterion, superiority of nabiximols could formally not be demonstrated. In secondary analyses, substantial trends for improvements of tics, depression, and quality of life were observed. Additionally exploratory subgroup analyses revealed an improvement of tics in particular in males, patients with more severe tics, and patients with comorbid attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder suggesting that these subgroups may benefit better from treatment with cannabis-based medication. There were no relevant safety issues. Our data further support the role of cannabinoids in the treatment of patients with chronic tic disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kirsten R Müller-Vahl
- Department of Psychiatry, Social Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Anna Pisarenko
- Department of Psychiatry, Social Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Natalia Szejko
- Department of Neurology, Medical University of Warsaw, Poland; Department of Bioethics, Medical University of Warsaw, Poland
| | - Martina Haas
- Department of Psychiatry, Social Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Carolin Fremer
- Department of Psychiatry, Social Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Ewgeni Jakubovski
- Department of Psychiatry, Social Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Richard Musil
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Alexander Münchau
- Institute of Systems Motor Science, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Irene Neuner
- Departments of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy, and Psychosomatics, School of Medicine, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany; Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine (INM-4), Forschungszentrum Jülich, Jülich, Germany; JARA-BRAIN - Translational Medicine, Aachen, Germany
| | - Daniel Huys
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Cologne, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, Cologne, Germany; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy III, LVR Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Ludger Tebartz van Elst
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Medical Center-University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Christoph Schröder
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Rieke Ringlstetter
- Institute of Biostatistics, Hannover Medical School, Carl-Neuberg-Str. 1, Hannover 30625, Germany
| | - Armin Koch
- Institute of Biostatistics, Hannover Medical School, Carl-Neuberg-Str. 1, Hannover 30625, Germany
| | - Eva Beate Jenz
- Institute of Biostatistics, Hannover Medical School, Carl-Neuberg-Str. 1, Hannover 30625, Germany
| | - Anika Großhennig
- Institute of Biostatistics, Hannover Medical School, Carl-Neuberg-Str. 1, Hannover 30625, Germany.
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Molecular Landscape of Tourette's Disorder. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24021428. [PMID: 36674940 PMCID: PMC9865021 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24021428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2022] [Revised: 12/29/2022] [Accepted: 01/01/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Tourette's disorder (TD) is a highly heritable childhood-onset neurodevelopmental disorder and is caused by a complex interplay of multiple genetic and environmental factors. Yet, the molecular mechanisms underlying the disorder remain largely elusive. In this study, we used the available omics data to compile a list of TD candidate genes, and we subsequently conducted tissue/cell type specificity and functional enrichment analyses of this list. Using genomic data, we also investigated genetic sharing between TD and blood and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) metabolite levels. Lastly, we built a molecular landscape of TD through integrating the results from these analyses with an extensive literature search to identify the interactions between the TD candidate genes/proteins and metabolites. We found evidence for an enriched expression of the TD candidate genes in four brain regions and the pituitary. The functional enrichment analyses implicated two pathways ('cAMP-mediated signaling' and 'Endocannabinoid Neuronal Synapse Pathway') and multiple biological functions related to brain development and synaptic transmission in TD etiology. Furthermore, we found genetic sharing between TD and the blood and CSF levels of 39 metabolites. The landscape of TD not only provides insights into the (altered) molecular processes that underlie the disease but, through the identification of potential drug targets (such as FLT3, NAALAD2, CX3CL1-CX3CR1, OPRM1, and HRH2), it also yields clues for developing novel TD treatments.
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Hartmann A, Atkinson-Clement C, Depienne C, Black K. Tourette syndrome research highlights from 2020. F1000Res 2022; 11:45. [PMID: 35464046 PMCID: PMC9021667 DOI: 10.12688/f1000research.75628.2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
We present here research from 2020 relevant to Tourette syndrome (TS). The authors briefly summarize a few reports they consider most important or interesting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreas Hartmann
- Department of Neurology, Hôpital de la Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, 75013, France
| | | | - Christel Depienne
- Institute of Human Genetics,, University Hospital Essen, Essen, 45122, Germany
| | - Kevin Black
- Department of Psychiatry, Neurology, and Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO, 63110, USA
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Li S, Wang W, Zhang D, Li W, Lund J, Kruse T, Mengel-From J, Christensen K, Tan Q. Differential regulation of the DNA methylome in adults born during the Great Chinese Famine in 1959-1961. Genomics 2021; 113:3907-3918. [PMID: 34600028 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygeno.2021.09.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2021] [Revised: 08/24/2021] [Accepted: 09/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Extensive epidemiological studies have established the association between exposure to early-life adversity and health status and diseases in adults. Epigenetic regulation is considered as a key mediator for this phenomenon but analysis on humans is sparse. The Great Chinese Famine lasting from 1958 to 1961 is a natural string of disasters offering a precious opportunity for elucidating the underlying epigenetic mechanism of the long-term effect of early adversity. METHODS Using a high-throughput array platform for DNA methylome profiling, we conducted a case-control epigenome-wide association study on early-life exposure to Chinese famine in 79 adults born during 1959-1961 and compared to 105 unexposed subjects born 1963-1964. RESULTS The single CpG site analysis of whole epigenome revealed a predominant pattern of decreased DNA methylation levels associated with fetal exposure to famine. Four CpG sites were detected with p < 1e-06 (linked to EHMT1, CNR1, UBXN7 and ESM1 genes), 16 CpGs detected with 1e-06 < p < 1e-05 and 157 CpGs with 1e-05 < p < 1e-04, with a predominant pattern of hypomethylation. Functional annotation to genes and their enriched biological pathways mainly involved neurodevelopment, neuropsychological disorders and metabolism. Multiple sites analysis detected two top-rank differentially methylated regions harboring RNF39 on chromosome 6 and PTPRN2 on chromosome 7, both showing epigenetic association with stress-related conditions. CONCLUSION Early-life exposure to famine could mediate DNA methylation regulations that persist into adulthood with broad impacts in the activities of genes and biological pathways. Results from this study provide new clues to the epigenetic embedding of early-life adversity and its impacts on adult health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuxia Li
- Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Department of Public Health, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark.
| | - Weijing Wang
- Qingdao University School of Public Health, Qingdao, China
| | - Dongfeng Zhang
- Qingdao University School of Public Health, Qingdao, China
| | - Weilong Li
- Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Department of Public Health, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark; Population Research Unit, Faculty of Social Sciences, University of Helsinki, Finland.
| | - Jesper Lund
- Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Department of Public Health, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark; Digital Health & Machine Learning Research Group, Hasso Plattner Institute for Digital Engineering, Potsdam, Germany.
| | - Torben Kruse
- Unit of Human Genetics, Department of Clinical Research, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark.
| | - Jonas Mengel-From
- Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Department of Public Health, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark.
| | - Kaare Christensen
- Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Department of Public Health, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark.
| | - Qihua Tan
- Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Department of Public Health, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark; Unit of Human Genetics, Department of Clinical Research, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark.
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Szejko N, Lombroso A, Bloch MH, Landeros-Weisenberger A, Leckman JF. Refractory Gilles de la Tourette Syndrome-Many Pieces That Define the Puzzle. Front Neurol 2020; 11:589511. [PMID: 33391155 PMCID: PMC7775596 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2020.589511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2020] [Accepted: 11/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Gilles de la Tourette syndrome (GTS) is a childhood onset neuropsychiatric disorder characterized by the presence of motor and vocal tics. The clinical spectrum of GTS is heterogeneous and varies from mild cases that do not require any medical attention to cases that are refractory to standard treatments. One of the unresolved issues is the definition of what constitutes treatment-refractory GTS. While for some other neuropsychiatric disorders, such as obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD), a clear definition has been established, there is still no consensus with regard to GTS. One important issue is that many individuals with GTS also meet criteria for one or more other neurodevelopmental and neuropsychiatric disorders. In many individuals, the severity of these comorbid conditions contributes to the degree to which GTS is treatment refractory. The scope of this paper is to present the current state-of-the-art regarding refractory GTS and indicate possible approaches to define it. In closing, we discuss promising approaches to the treatment of individuals with refractory GTS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalia Szejko
- Division of Neurocritical Care & Emergency Neurology, Department of Neurology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, United States.,Department of Neurology, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland.,Department of Bioethics, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Adam Lombroso
- Child Study Center, Departments of Psychiatry, Pediatrics and Psychology, Yale University, New Haven, CT, United States
| | - Michael H Bloch
- Child Study Center, Departments of Psychiatry, Pediatrics and Psychology, Yale University, New Haven, CT, United States
| | - Angeli Landeros-Weisenberger
- Child Study Center, Departments of Psychiatry, Pediatrics and Psychology, Yale University, New Haven, CT, United States
| | - James F Leckman
- Child Study Center, Departments of Psychiatry, Pediatrics and Psychology, Yale University, New Haven, CT, United States
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