1
|
Sharma R, Kamireddy AP, Hussaini SM, Chatterjee S, Hasan Q, Jain J. The landscape of actionable genomic alterations in lung adenocarcinomas in India. Front Genet 2023; 14:1256756. [PMID: 38155717 PMCID: PMC10754624 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2023.1256756] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2023] [Accepted: 09/05/2023] [Indexed: 12/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD), the most prevalent form of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), remains a leading cause of cancer-related death globally, including in India, with a 5-year survival rate below 10%. Despite these grim statistics, recent advances in the use of next-generation sequencing (NGS) for identifying genetic alterations and the emergence of targeted therapies have opened new possibilities for personalized treatment based on distinct molecular signatures. To understand the molecular pattern of NSCLC, a retrospective study was conducted with 53 Indian LUAD patient samples, using a targeted NGS panel of 46 cancer-relevant oncogenes to identify clinically relevant variants. Pathogenic or likely pathogenic variants were detected in 94% of the 53 cases. Non-synonymous mutations, rearrangements, copy number alterations, insertions, and deletions of functional relevance were observed in 31 out of 46 genes. The most frequently mutated genes included TP53 (52.8%) and EGFR (50.9%), followed by RET, PIK3CA and ERBB2; some patients had multiple alterations in the same gene. Gender-based enrichment analysis indicated that ALK and IDH2 alterations were more prevalent in females, while TP53 and PTEN were more common in males. No significant correlation was found between mutations and other clinicopathological attributes, such as age, stage, and subtype. A higher prevalence of EGFR, RET, PIK3CA, ERBB2 and ALK mutations were observed compared to previous LUAD genetic studies coupled with a lower frequency of KRAS mutations. Clinically actionable variants were annotated using OncoKB and categorized into the four therapeutic levels based on their clinical evidence. Seventy-nine percent of cases had at least one clinically actionable alteration. Most patients (39.6%) had the highest level of actionability (Level 1) wherein an FDA-approved drug is available specifically for the observed mutation in lung cancer patients. EGFR Exon19 in-frame deletions and EGFR L858R were the most frequent among targetable variants (20.7%). These findings emphasize the importance of a selective NGS panel in enabling personalized medicine approaches by identifying actionable molecular alterations and informing the choice of targeted therapy for more effective treatment options in Indian NSCLC patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rakesh Sharma
- Sapien Biosciences Private Limited, Hyderabad, Telangana, India
| | - Aruna Priya Kamireddy
- Department of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, Kamineni Hospitals, Hyderabad, Telangana, India
| | | | - Soma Chatterjee
- Sapien Biosciences Private Limited, Hyderabad, Telangana, India
| | - Qurratulain Hasan
- Department of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, Kamineni Hospitals, Hyderabad, Telangana, India
| | - Jugnu Jain
- Sapien Biosciences Private Limited, Hyderabad, Telangana, India
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Yang LP, Jiang TJ, He MM, Ling YH, Wang ZX, Wu HX, Zhang Z, Xu RH, Wang F, Yuan SQ, Zhao Q. Comprehensive genomic characterization of sporadic synchronous colorectal cancer: Implications for treatment optimization and clinical outcome. Cell Rep Med 2023; 4:101222. [PMID: 37794586 PMCID: PMC10591049 DOI: 10.1016/j.xcrm.2023.101222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2023] [Revised: 07/12/2023] [Accepted: 09/11/2023] [Indexed: 10/06/2023]
Abstract
Sporadic synchronous colorectal cancer (SCRC) refers to multiple primary CRC tumors detected simultaneously in an individual without predisposing hereditary conditions, which accounts for the majority of multiple CRCs while lacking a profound understanding of the genomic landscape and evolutionary dynamics to optimize its treatment. In this study, 103 primary tumor samples from 51 patients with SCRC undergo whole-exome sequencing. The germline and somatic mutations and evolutionary and clinical features are comprehensively investigated. Somatic genetic events are largely inconsistent between paired tumors. Compared with solitary CRC, SCRCs have higher prevalence of tumor mutation burden high (TMB-H; 33.3%) and microsatellite-instability high (MSI-H; 29.4%) and different mutation frequencies in oncogenic signaling pathways. Moreover, neutrally evolving SCRC tumors are associated with higher intratumoral heterogeneity and better prognosis. These findings unveil special molecular features, carcinogenesis, and prognosis of sporadic SCRC. Strategies for targeted therapy and immunotherapy should be optimized accordingly.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lu-Ping Yang
- Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou 510060, P.R. China
| | - Teng-Jia Jiang
- Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou 510060, P.R. China
| | - Ming-Ming He
- Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou 510060, P.R. China; Research Unit of Precision Diagnosis and Treatment for Gastrointestinal Cancer, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou 510060, P.R. China
| | - Yi-Hong Ling
- Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou 510060, P.R. China
| | - Zi-Xian Wang
- Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou 510060, P.R. China; Research Unit of Precision Diagnosis and Treatment for Gastrointestinal Cancer, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou 510060, P.R. China
| | - Hao-Xiang Wu
- Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou 510060, P.R. China; Research Unit of Precision Diagnosis and Treatment for Gastrointestinal Cancer, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou 510060, P.R. China
| | - Zhen Zhang
- Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou 510060, P.R. China
| | - Rui-Hua Xu
- Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou 510060, P.R. China; Research Unit of Precision Diagnosis and Treatment for Gastrointestinal Cancer, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou 510060, P.R. China
| | - Feng Wang
- Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou 510060, P.R. China
| | - Shu-Qiang Yuan
- Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou 510060, P.R. China.
| | - Qi Zhao
- Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou 510060, P.R. China.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Kałuzińska-Kołat Ż, Kołat D, Kośla K, Płuciennik E, Bednarek AK. Molecular landscapes of glioblastoma cell lines revealed a group of patients that do not benefit from WWOX tumor suppressor expression. Front Neurosci 2023; 17:1260409. [PMID: 37781246 PMCID: PMC10540236 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2023.1260409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2023] [Accepted: 08/28/2023] [Indexed: 10/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Glioblastoma (GBM) is notorious for its clinical and molecular heterogeneity, contributing to therapeutic failure and a grim prognosis. WWOX is one of the tumor suppressor genes important in nervous tissue or related pathologies, which was scarcely investigated in GBM for reliable associations with prognosis or disease progression despite known alterations. Recently, we observed a phenotypic heterogeneity between GBM cell lines (U87MG, T98G, U251MG, DBTRG-05MG), among which the anti-GBM activity of WWOX was generally corresponding, but colony growth and formation were inconsistent in DBTRG-05MG. This prompted us to investigate the molecular landscapes of these cell lines, intending to translate them into the clinical context. Methods U87MG/T98G/U251MG/DBTRG-05MG were subjected to high-throughput sequencing, and obtained data were explored via weighted gene co-expression network analysis, differential expression analysis, functional annotation, and network building. Following the identification of the most relevant DBTRG-distinguishing driver genes, data from GBM patients were employed for, e.g., differential expression analysis, survival analysis, and principal component analysis. Results Although most driver genes were unique for each cell line, some were inversely regulated in DBTRG-05MG. Alongside driver genes, the differentially-expressed genes were used to build a WWOX-related network depicting protein-protein interactions in U87MG/T98G/U251MG/DBTRG-05MG. This network revealed processes distinctly regulated in DBTRG-05MG, e.g., microglia proliferation or neurofibrillary tangle assembly. POLE4 and HSF2BP were selected as DBTRG-discriminating driver genes based on the gene significance, module membership, and fold-change. Alongside WWOX, POLE4 and HSF2BP expression was used to stratify patients into cell lines-resembling groups that differed in, e.g., prognosis and treatment response. Some differences from a WWOX-related network were certified in patients, revealing genes that clarify clinical outcomes. Presumably, WWOX overexpression in DBTRG-05MG resulted in expression profile change resembling that of patients with inferior prognosis and drug response. Among these patients, WWOX may be inaccessible for its partners and does not manifest its anti-cancer activity, which was proposed in the literature but not regarding glioblastoma or concerning POLE4 and HSF2BP. Conclusion Cell lines data enabled the identification of patients among which, despite high expression of WWOX tumor suppressor, no advantageous outcomes were noted due to the cancer-promoting profile ensured by other genes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Damian Kołat
- Department of Molecular Carcinogenesis, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Kośla
- Department of Molecular Carcinogenesis, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland
| | | | - Andrzej K. Bednarek
- Department of Molecular Carcinogenesis, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Vegni F, D'Alessandris N, Santoro A, Angelico G, Scaglione G, Carlino A, Arciuolo D, Valente M, Sfregola S, Natale M, Sanchez AM, Masciullo V, Zannoni GF, Mulè A. Primary Mucinous Cystadenocarcinoma of the Breast Intermixed with Pleomorphic Invasive Lobular Carcinoma: The First Report of This Rare Association. J Pers Med 2023; 13:948. [PMID: 37373937 DOI: 10.3390/jpm13060948] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2023] [Revised: 05/23/2023] [Accepted: 05/31/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Primary mucinous cystadenocarcinoma (MCA) is a rare breast carcinoma subtype showing overlapping histopathological features with mucinous cystadenocarcinoma of the ovary and pancreas. Current literature data suggest a favorable prognosis of breast MCAs despite its immunoprofile usually revealing lack of expression of estrogen receptor, progesterone receptor and HER-2 and high Ki67. As far as we know, only 36 cases have been reported in the literature to date. Its ambiguous morpho-phenotypic profile makes histological diagnosis very challenging. It must be distinguished from typical mucin-producing breast carcinomas and, above all, metastases from the same histotype in other sites (ovary, pancreas, appendix). Herein, we report the case of a primary breast MCA occurring in a 41-year-old female with peculiar histological features.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Federica Vegni
- Pathology Unit, Department of Woman and Child's Health and Public Health Sciences, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy
| | - Nicoletta D'Alessandris
- Pathology Unit, Department of Woman and Child's Health and Public Health Sciences, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy
| | - Angela Santoro
- Pathology Unit, Department of Woman and Child's Health and Public Health Sciences, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Angelico
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences and Advanced Technologies G. F. Ingrassia, Anatomic Pathology, University of Catania, 95123 Catania, Italy
| | - Giulia Scaglione
- Pathology Unit, Department of Woman and Child's Health and Public Health Sciences, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy
| | - Angela Carlino
- Pathology Unit, Department of Woman and Child's Health and Public Health Sciences, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy
| | - Damiano Arciuolo
- Pathology Unit, Department of Woman and Child's Health and Public Health Sciences, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy
| | - Michele Valente
- Pathology Unit, Department of Woman and Child's Health and Public Health Sciences, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy
| | - Stefania Sfregola
- Pathology Unit, Department of Woman and Child's Health and Public Health Sciences, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy
| | - Maria Natale
- Multidisciplinary Breast Center, Dipartimento Scienze della Salute della Donna e del Bambino e di Sanità Pubblica, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, Largo Agostino Gemelli 8, 00168 Rome, Italy
| | - Alejandro Martin Sanchez
- Multidisciplinary Breast Center, Dipartimento Scienze della Salute della Donna e del Bambino e di Sanità Pubblica, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, Largo Agostino Gemelli 8, 00168 Rome, Italy
| | - Valeria Masciullo
- Division of Gynecologic Surgery, Department of Woman, Child and Public Health, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, Catholic University of Sacred Heart, 00168 Rome, Italy
| | - Gian Franco Zannoni
- Pathology Unit, Department of Woman and Child's Health and Public Health Sciences, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy
- Pathology Institute, Catholic University of Sacred Heart, 00168 Rome, Italy
| | - Antonino Mulè
- Pathology Unit, Department of Woman and Child's Health and Public Health Sciences, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Widomska J, De Witte W, Buitelaar JK, Glennon JC, Poelmans G. Molecular Landscape of Tourette's Disorder. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24. [PMID: 36674940 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24021428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2022] [Revised: 12/29/2022] [Accepted: 01/01/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Tourette's disorder (TD) is a highly heritable childhood-onset neurodevelopmental disorder and is caused by a complex interplay of multiple genetic and environmental factors. Yet, the molecular mechanisms underlying the disorder remain largely elusive. In this study, we used the available omics data to compile a list of TD candidate genes, and we subsequently conducted tissue/cell type specificity and functional enrichment analyses of this list. Using genomic data, we also investigated genetic sharing between TD and blood and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) metabolite levels. Lastly, we built a molecular landscape of TD through integrating the results from these analyses with an extensive literature search to identify the interactions between the TD candidate genes/proteins and metabolites. We found evidence for an enriched expression of the TD candidate genes in four brain regions and the pituitary. The functional enrichment analyses implicated two pathways ('cAMP-mediated signaling' and 'Endocannabinoid Neuronal Synapse Pathway') and multiple biological functions related to brain development and synaptic transmission in TD etiology. Furthermore, we found genetic sharing between TD and the blood and CSF levels of 39 metabolites. The landscape of TD not only provides insights into the (altered) molecular processes that underlie the disease but, through the identification of potential drug targets (such as FLT3, NAALAD2, CX3CL1-CX3CR1, OPRM1, and HRH2), it also yields clues for developing novel TD treatments.
Collapse
|
6
|
Rontauroli S, Carretta C, Parenti S, Bertesi M, Manfredini R. Novel Molecular Insights into Leukemic Evolution of Myeloproliferative Neoplasms: A Single Cell Perspective. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23. [PMID: 36499582 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232315256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2022] [Revised: 11/25/2022] [Accepted: 11/30/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Myeloproliferative neoplasms (MPNs) are clonal disorders originated by the serial acquisition of somatic mutations in hematopoietic stem/progenitor cells. The major clinical entities are represented by polycythemia vera (PV), essential thrombocythemia (ET), and primary myelofibrosis (PMF), that are caused by driver mutations affecting JAK2, MPL or CALR. Disease progression is related to molecular and clonal evolution. PV and ET can progress to secondary myelofibrosis (sMF) but can also evolve to secondary acute myeloid leukemia (sAML). PMF is associated with the highest frequency of leukemic transformation, which represents the main cause of death. sAML is associated with a dismal prognosis and clinical features that differ from those of de novo AML. The molecular landscape distinguishes sAML from de novo AML, since the most frequent hits involve TP53, epigenetic regulators, spliceosome modulators or signal transduction genes. Single cell genomic studies provide novel and accurate information about clonal architecture and mutation acquisition order, allowing the reconstruction of clonal dynamics and molecular events that accompany leukemic transformation. In this review, we examine our current understanding of the genomic heterogeneity in MPNs and how it affects disease progression and leukemic transformation. We focus on molecular events elicited by somatic mutations acquisition and discuss the emerging findings coming from single cell studies.
Collapse
|
7
|
Taboada R, Claro L, Felismino T, de Jesus VH, Barros M, Riechelmann RP. Clinicopathological and molecular profile of grade 3 gastroenteropancreatic neuroendocrine neoplasms. J Neuroendocrinol 2022; 34:e13099. [PMID: 35174558 DOI: 10.1111/jne.13099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2021] [Revised: 12/29/2021] [Accepted: 01/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
The 2019 Word Health Organization (WHO) subclassified grade 3 (G3) gastroenteropancreatic (GEP) neuroendocrine neoplasms (NEN) into neuroendocrine carcinoma (NEC) or tumours (G3 NET) based on morphology and proliferation. Yet, few data exist on molecular profiles for G3 NEN. We compared clinicopathological and molecular characteristics of these two groups. We retrospectively reviewed consecutive G3 GEP NEN patients and had their tumour tissues reviewed, reclassified as per the WHO 2019, and analyzed by a next-generation sequencing (NGS) panel. Between 2000 and 2019, 43 patients had pathology revision: 29 (67%) were NEC and 14 (33%) were G3 NET, with a 23% change in diagnosis. Median overal survival for G3 NET and NEC patients was 55.6 and 11.9 months, respectively (hazard ratio = 2.78 [95% confidence interval = 1.09-7.11], p = .042), which was confirmed by an adjusted analysis (hazard ratio = 2.90 NEC vs. G3 NET; p = .03). NGS was performed in 32 cases: 21 NEC and 11 G3 NET. Mutations in RB1 and PTEN were exclusively encountered in NEC. Median tumour mutational burden was 5 (0-67) mutations per megabase in NEC and 4.5 (0-9) among G3 NET. Microsatellite instability was found in 3 (14.3%) NEC cases. In conclusion, pathology revision is essential to estimate prognosis and therapeutic plan. G3 GEP NEN generally harbour low tumor mutation burden and fewer actionable mutations, but 14% of NEC cases were microsatellite unstable and could benefit from immune checkpoint inhibitors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rodrigo Taboada
- Department of Medical Oncology, A.C.Camargo Cancer Center, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Laura Claro
- Department of Pathology, A.C.Camargo Cancer Center, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Tiago Felismino
- Department of Medical Oncology, A.C.Camargo Cancer Center, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Milton Barros
- Department of Medical Oncology, A.C.Camargo Cancer Center, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | |
Collapse
|
8
|
Giai V, Secreto C, Freilone R, Pregno P. Philadelphia-Negative MPN: A Molecular Journey, from Hematopoietic Stem Cell to Clinical Features. Medicina (Kaunas) 2021; 57:medicina57101043. [PMID: 34684081 PMCID: PMC8537741 DOI: 10.3390/medicina57101043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2021] [Revised: 09/24/2021] [Accepted: 09/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Philadelphia negative Myeloproliferative Neoplasms (MPN) are a heterogeneous group of hematopoietic stem cell diseases. MPNs show different risk grades of thrombotic complications and acute myeloid leukemia evolution. In the last couple of decades, from JAK2 mutation detection in 2005 to the newer molecular trademarks studied through next generation sequencing, we are learning to approach MPNs from a deeper perspective. Here, we intend to elucidate the important factors affecting MPN clonal advantage and the reasons why some patients progress to more aggressive disease. Understanding these mechanisms is the key to developing new treatment approaches and targeted therapies for MPN patients.
Collapse
|
9
|
Abstract
Head and neck squamous cell carcinomas (HNSCC) arising from the oral cavity, pharynx, and larynx constitute the 6th most common human cancer. Human papillomavirus (HPV)-positive tumours are distinct from HPV-negative counterparts, with HPV status affording clear clinical utility, prognostic benefit and better treatment outcomes. In contrast to their HPV-positive counterparts, HPV-negative tumours are characterized by high mutational load and chromosomal aberrations, with varying copy number alteration (CNA) profiles. HNSCC are distinct tumours at the chromosomal, gene and expression levels, with additional insight gained from immune profiling. Based on mutational analyses, HNSCC are categorized as HPV-positive, HPV-negative CNA-silent, and HPV-negative CNA-high tumours. Furthermore, gene expression profiling segregates these tumours into atypical, classical, basal, and mesenchymal, with clear differences observed between tumours of the oral cavity, oropharynx, hypopharynx and larynx. Additional immune profiling further classifies tumours as either immune-active or immune-exhausted. The clinical utility and impact of these tumour molecular subtypes however remains to be determined. HNSCC harbor high levels of somatic mutations. They display loss at 3p and 18q and gain at 3q and 8q, with mutations in CDKN2A, TP53, CCND1, EGFR, PIK3CA, PTEN, NOTCH1, NSD1, FAT1, AJUBA and KMT2D. Important pathways include the p53 and RB pathways which are involved in cell cycle control and are frequently lost in HPV-negative tumours, the WNT-β-catenin pathway related to the mesenchymal subtype and smoking etiology, and the PI3K pathway which includes the most common genetic alteration in HPV-positive HNSCC. Understanding the mutational, genomic and transcriptomic landscape of HNSCC has leveraged better therapeutic approaches to manage this group of diseases, and it is hoped that additional insight into the molecular subtypes of HNSCC and its specific subsites will further drive improved strategies to stratify and treat patients with this debilitating disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Camile S Farah
- Australian Centre for Oral Oncology Research & Education, Nedlands, WA, Australia.,Oral, Maxillofacial and Dental Surgery, Fiona Stanley Hospital, Murdoch WA, Australia.,Head and Neck Pathology, Australian Clinical Labs, Subiaco WA, Australia.,Genomics for Life, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Palomo L, Acha P, Solé F. Genetic Aspects of Myelodysplastic/Myeloproliferative Neoplasms. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13092120. [PMID: 33925681 PMCID: PMC8124412 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13092120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2021] [Revised: 04/21/2021] [Accepted: 04/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Myelodysplastic/myeloproliferative neoplasms (MDS/MPN) are clonal myeloid neoplasms characterized, at the time of their presentation, by the simultaneous presence of both myelodysplastic and myeloproliferative features. In MDS/MPN, the karyotype is often normal but mutations in genes that are common across myeloid neoplasms can be detected in a high proportion of cases by targeted sequencing. In this review, we intend to summarize the main genetic findings across all MDS/MPN overlap syndromes and discuss their relevance in the management of patients. Abstract Myelodysplastic/myeloproliferative neoplasms (MDS/MPN) are myeloid neoplasms characterized by the presentation of overlapping features from both myelodysplastic syndromes and myeloproliferative neoplasms. Although the classification of MDS/MPN relies largely on clinical features and peripheral blood and bone marrow morphology, studies have demonstrated that a large proportion of patients (~90%) with this disease harbor somatic mutations in a group of genes that are common across myeloid neoplasms. These mutations play a role in the clinical heterogeneity of these diseases and their clinical evolution. Nevertheless, none of them is specific to MDS/MPN and current diagnostic criteria do not include molecular data. Even when such alterations can be helpful for differential diagnosis, they should not be used alone as proof of neoplasia because some of these mutations may also occur in healthy older people. Here, we intend to review the main genetic findings across all MDS/MPN overlap syndromes and discuss their relevance in the management of the patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Laura Palomo
- MDS Group, Institut de Recerca Contra la Leucèmia Josep Carreras, ICO-Hospital Germans Trias i Pujol, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08916 Badalona, Spain; (L.P.); (P.A.)
- Experimental Hematology, Vall d’Hebron Institute of Oncology (VHIO), Vall d’Hebron Barcelona Hospital Campus, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08035 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Pamela Acha
- MDS Group, Institut de Recerca Contra la Leucèmia Josep Carreras, ICO-Hospital Germans Trias i Pujol, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08916 Badalona, Spain; (L.P.); (P.A.)
| | - Francesc Solé
- MDS Group, Institut de Recerca Contra la Leucèmia Josep Carreras, ICO-Hospital Germans Trias i Pujol, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08916 Badalona, Spain; (L.P.); (P.A.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +34-93-557-2806
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Pasquer H, Tostain M, Kaci N, Roux B, Benajiba L. Descriptive and Functional Genomics in Acute Myeloid Leukemia (AML): Paving the Road for a Cure. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:748. [PMID: 33670178 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13040748] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2020] [Revised: 01/24/2021] [Accepted: 02/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Over the past decades, genetic advances have allowed a more precise molecular characterization of AML with the identification of novel oncogenes and tumor suppressors as part of a comprehensive AML molecular landscape. Recent advances in genetic sequencing tools also enabled a better understanding of AML leukemogenesis from the preleukemic state to posttherapy relapse. These advances resulted in direct clinical implications with the definition of molecular prognosis classifications, the development of treatment recommendations based on minimal residual disease (MRD) measurement and the discovery of novel targeted therapies, ultimately improving AML patients' overall survival. The more recent development of functional genomic studies, pushed by novel molecular biology technologies (short hairpin RNA (shRNA) and CRISPR-Cas9) and bioinformatics tools design on one hand, along with the engineering of humanized physiologically relevant animal models on the other hand, have opened a new genomics era resulting in a greater knowledge of AML physiopathology. Combining descriptive and functional genomics will undoubtedly open the road for an AML cure within the next decades.
Collapse
|
12
|
Farah CS. Molecular, genomic and mutational landscape of oral leukoplakia. Oral Dis 2020; 27:803-812. [PMID: 33448555 DOI: 10.1111/odi.13608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2020] [Revised: 07/24/2020] [Accepted: 08/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Oral leukoplakia (OLK) and its more aggressive clinical variant proliferative verrucous leukoplakia (PVL) remain enigmatic disorders clinically and histopathologically. Despite decades of research into both, there has been only incremental advancement in our understanding of their aetiology and pathogenesis and only minimal improvement in effective management strategies. Currently, no specific prognostic genetic or molecular marker has been reported for leukoplakia. There is, however, an emerging body of evidence characterising the genomic and transcriptomic profile of OLK. Regardless of the significance of cellular and architectural features of OLK and PVL, it is clear from studies reported in this review that new emerging evidence points to the presence of premalignant molecular subtypes of leukoplakia which require further investigation. This up-to-date review explores the contemporary genomic, transcriptomic and mutational landscape of leukoplakia broadly, discusses concepts that may not be widely recognised or accepted and purposefully highlights studies with juxtaposed findings in an effort to challenge dogma. It also highlights the urgent need for a concerted international effort of original collaborative research which will only occur by pooling collective efforts, resources and intellect to define the molecular fingerprint of this enigmatic disorder, in the hope it will better inform diagnosis, stratification and treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Camile S Farah
- Australian Centre for Oral Oncology Research & Education, Nedlands, WA, Australia.,Perth Oral Medicine & Dental Sleep Centre, West Leederville, WA, Australia.,Oral, Maxillofacial and Dental Surgery, Fiona Stanley Hospital, Murdoch, WA, Australia.,Australian Clinical Labs, Subiaco, WA, Australia.,Genomics for Life, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Businello G, Parente P, Mastracci L, Pennelli G, Traverso G, Milione M, Bellan E, Michelotto M, Kotsafti A, Grillo F, Fassan M. The Pathologic and Molecular Landscape of Esophageal Squamous Cell Carcinogenesis. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:cancers12082160. [PMID: 32759723 PMCID: PMC7465394 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12082160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2020] [Revised: 07/27/2020] [Accepted: 08/01/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Esophageal squamous cell carcinoma represents the most common histotype of epithelial neoplasm occurring within esophageal mucosa worldwide. Despite the comprehensive molecular characterization of this entity, to date no significant targeted therapy has been introduced into clinical practice. In this review, we describe the molecular landscape of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma based on the most recent literature. Moreover, we focus on other rare variants and on the relationship with head and neck squamous cell carcinomas.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gianluca Businello
- Surgical Pathology Unit, Department of Medicine (DIMED), University of Padua, 35121 Padua, Italy; (G.B.); (G.P.); (E.B.); (M.M.)
| | - Paola Parente
- Pathology Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Ospedale Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza, 71013 San Giovanni Rotondo FG, Italy;
| | - Luca Mastracci
- Anatomic Pathology, Ospedale Policlinico San Martino IRCCS, 16132 Genova, Italy; (L.M.); (F.G.)
- Anatomic Pathology, Department of Surgical Sciences and Integrated Diagnostics (DISC), University of Genova, 16132 Genova, Italy;
| | - Gianmaria Pennelli
- Surgical Pathology Unit, Department of Medicine (DIMED), University of Padua, 35121 Padua, Italy; (G.B.); (G.P.); (E.B.); (M.M.)
| | | | - Massimo Milione
- Anatomic Pathology, Department of Surgical Sciences and Integrated Diagnostics (DISC), University of Genova, 16132 Genova, Italy;
| | - Elena Bellan
- Surgical Pathology Unit, Department of Medicine (DIMED), University of Padua, 35121 Padua, Italy; (G.B.); (G.P.); (E.B.); (M.M.)
| | - Mauro Michelotto
- Surgical Pathology Unit, Department of Medicine (DIMED), University of Padua, 35121 Padua, Italy; (G.B.); (G.P.); (E.B.); (M.M.)
| | - Andromachi Kotsafti
- Laboratory of Advanced Translational Research, Veneto Institute of Oncology IOV–IRCCS, 35128 Padua, Italy;
| | - Federica Grillo
- Anatomic Pathology, Ospedale Policlinico San Martino IRCCS, 16132 Genova, Italy; (L.M.); (F.G.)
- Anatomic Pathology, Department of Surgical Sciences and Integrated Diagnostics (DISC), University of Genova, 16132 Genova, Italy;
| | - Matteo Fassan
- Surgical Pathology Unit, Department of Medicine (DIMED), University of Padua, 35121 Padua, Italy; (G.B.); (G.P.); (E.B.); (M.M.)
- Correspondence: or ; Tel.: +39-49-821-1312; Fax: +39-49-827-2277
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Wadowska K, Bil-Lula I, Trembecki Ł, Śliwińska-Mossoń M. Genetic Markers in Lung Cancer Diagnosis: A Review. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E4569. [PMID: 32604993 PMCID: PMC7369725 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21134569] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2020] [Revised: 06/19/2020] [Accepted: 06/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Lung cancer is the most often diagnosed cancer in the world and the most frequent cause of cancer death. The prognosis for lung cancer is relatively poor and 75% of patients are diagnosed at its advanced stage. The currently used diagnostic tools are not sensitive enough and do not enable diagnosis at the early stage of the disease. Therefore, searching for new methods of early and accurate diagnosis of lung cancer is crucial for its effective treatment. Lung cancer is the result of multistage carcinogenesis with gradually increasing genetic and epigenetic changes. Screening for the characteristic genetic markers could enable the diagnosis of lung cancer at its early stage. The aim of this review was the summarization of both the preclinical and clinical approaches in the genetic diagnostics of lung cancer. The advancement of molecular strategies and analytic platforms makes it possible to analyze the genome changes leading to cancer development-i.e., the potential biomarkers of lung cancer. In the reviewed studies, the diagnostic values of microsatellite changes, DNA hypermethylation, and p53 and KRAS gene mutations, as well as microRNAs expression, have been analyzed as potential genetic markers. It seems that microRNAs and their expression profiles have the greatest diagnostic potential value in lung cancer diagnosis, but their quantification requires standardization.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Katarzyna Wadowska
- Department of Medical Laboratory Diagnostics, Division of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Haematology, Wroclaw Medical University, 50-556 Wroclaw, Poland; (K.W.); (I.B.-L.)
| | - Iwona Bil-Lula
- Department of Medical Laboratory Diagnostics, Division of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Haematology, Wroclaw Medical University, 50-556 Wroclaw, Poland; (K.W.); (I.B.-L.)
| | - Łukasz Trembecki
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Lower Silesian Oncology Center, 53-413 Wroclaw, Poland;
- Department of Oncology, Faculty of Medicine, Wroclaw Medical University, 53-413 Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Mariola Śliwińska-Mossoń
- Department of Medical Laboratory Diagnostics, Division of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Haematology, Wroclaw Medical University, 50-556 Wroclaw, Poland; (K.W.); (I.B.-L.)
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Massironi S, Pilla L, Elvevi A, Longarini R, Rossi RE, Bidoli P, Invernizzi P. New and Emerging Systemic Therapeutic Options for Advanced Cholangiocarcinoma. Cells 2020; 9:cells9030688. [PMID: 32168869 PMCID: PMC7140695 DOI: 10.3390/cells9030688] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2020] [Revised: 02/28/2020] [Accepted: 02/28/2020] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Cholangiocarcinoma (CCA) represents a disease entity that comprises a heterogeneous group of biliary malignant neoplasms, with variable clinical presentation and severity. It may be classified according to its anatomical location and distinguished in intrahepatic (iCCA), perihilar (pCCA), or distal (dCCA), each subtype implying distinct epidemiology, biology, prognosis, and strategy for clinical management. Its incidence has increased globally over the past few decades, and its mortality rate remains high due to both its biological aggressiveness and resistance to medical therapy. Surgery is the only potentially curative treatment and is the standard approach for resectable CCA; however, more than half of the patients have locally advanced or metastatic disease at presentation. For patients with unresectable CCA, the available systemic therapies are of limited effectiveness. However, the advances of the comprehension of the complex molecular landscape of CCA and its tumor microenvironment could provide new keys to better understand the pathogenesis, the mechanisms of resistance and ultimately to identify promising new therapeutic targets. Recently, clinical trials targeting isocitrate dehydrogenase (IDH)-1 mutations and fibroblast growth factor receptor (FGFR)-2 fusions, as well as immunotherapy showed promising results. All these new and emerging therapeutic options are herein discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sara Massironi
- Division of Gastroenterology, San Gerardo Hospital, University of Milano-Bicocca School of Medicine, 20900 Monza, Italy; (A.E.); (P.I.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-335-6269995
| | - Lorenzo Pilla
- Division of Medical Oncology, San Gerardo Hospital, University of Milano-Bicocca School of Medicine, 20900 Monza, Italy; (L.P.); (R.L.); (P.B.)
| | - Alessandra Elvevi
- Division of Gastroenterology, San Gerardo Hospital, University of Milano-Bicocca School of Medicine, 20900 Monza, Italy; (A.E.); (P.I.)
| | - Raffaella Longarini
- Division of Medical Oncology, San Gerardo Hospital, University of Milano-Bicocca School of Medicine, 20900 Monza, Italy; (L.P.); (R.L.); (P.B.)
| | - Roberta Elisa Rossi
- Gastrointestinal and Hepato-Pancreatic Surgery and Liver Transplantation Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale Tumori (INT, National Cancer Institute) - Università degli Studi di Milano, 20100 Milan, Italy;
| | - Paolo Bidoli
- Division of Medical Oncology, San Gerardo Hospital, University of Milano-Bicocca School of Medicine, 20900 Monza, Italy; (L.P.); (R.L.); (P.B.)
| | - Pietro Invernizzi
- Division of Gastroenterology, San Gerardo Hospital, University of Milano-Bicocca School of Medicine, 20900 Monza, Italy; (A.E.); (P.I.)
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Abstract
Ampullary Carcinoma arises from a histologically heterogeneous region where three different epithelia converge. Even though Ampullary Carcinoma has a superior prognosis compared to pancreatic and biliary ductal neoplasms, at least half of the patients turn up at an advanced stage that limits the treatment prospects. In addition to surgery for early-stage disease, several studies have shown that chemoradiotherapy confers additional benefits in the management of Ampullary Carcinoma. Analogously, chemotherapy plays a crucial role in treating advanced Ampullary Carcinoma with distant metastasis/recurrences. Although, stage of the disease, lymph node status, and histo-morphology are three critical prognostic variables, recently much attention is being placed on the genetic landscape of Ampullary Carcinoma. In this review, we have discussed various studies describing the role of chemoradiation and chemotherapy in the treatment of early and advanced stage Ampullary Carcinoma. Also, we have summarized the molecular landscape of Ampullary Carcinoma and the novel therapeutic strategies which could possibly target the genetic alterations involving the tumor cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Rojymon Jacob
- Radiation Oncology, University of Alabama at Birmingham Hospital, Birmingham, AL
| | - Ashish Manne
- Medical Oncology, University of South Alabama Hospital, Mobile, AL
| | - Ravi Kumar Paluri
- Hematology-Oncology, University of Alabama at Birmingham Hospital, Birmingham, AL, USA
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Engholm DH, Kilian M, Goodsell DS, Andersen ES, Kjærgaard RS. A visual review of the human pathogen Streptococcus pneumoniae. FEMS Microbiol Rev 2018; 41:854-879. [PMID: 29029129 DOI: 10.1093/femsre/fux037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2017] [Accepted: 09/04/2017] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Being the principal causative agent of bacterial pneumonia, otitis media, meningitis and septicemia, the bacterium Streptococcus pneumoniae is a major global health problem. To highlight the molecular basis of this problem, we have portrayed essential biological processes of the pneumococcal life cycle in eight watercolor paintings. The paintings are done to a consistent nanometer scale based on currently available data from structural biology and proteomics. In this review article, the paintings are used to provide a visual review of protein synthesis, carbohydrate metabolism, cell wall synthesis, cell division, teichoic acid synthesis, virulence, transformation and pilus synthesis based on the available scientific literature within the field of pneumococcal biology. Visualization of the molecular details of these processes reveals several scientific questions about how molecular components of the pneumococcal cell are organized to allow biological function to take place. By the presentation of this visual review, we intend to stimulate scientific discussion, aid in the generation of scientific hypotheses and increase public awareness. A narrated video describing the biological processes in the context of a whole-cell illustration accompany this article.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ditte Høyer Engholm
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Aarhus University, 8000 Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Mogens Kilian
- Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, 8000 Aarhus, Denmark
| | - David S Goodsell
- Department of Integrative Structural and Computational Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA.,Rutgers, the State University of New Jersey, NJ 08901, USA
| | - Ebbe Sloth Andersen
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Aarhus University, 8000 Aarhus, Denmark.,Interdisciplinary Nanoscience Center, Aarhus University, 8000 Aarhus, Denmark
| | | |
Collapse
|
18
|
Klemann CJHM, Visser JE, Van Den Bosch L, Martens GJM, Poelmans G. Integrated molecular landscape of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis provides insights into disease etiology. Brain Pathol 2017; 28:203-211. [PMID: 28035716 DOI: 10.1111/bpa.12485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2016] [Accepted: 12/23/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a severe, progressive and ultimately fatal motor neuron disease caused by a combination of genetic and environmental factors, but its underlying mechanisms are largely unknown. To gain insight into the etiology of ALS, we here conducted genetic network and literature analyses of the top-ranked findings from six genome-wide association studies of sporadic ALS (involving 3589 cases and 8577 controls) as well as genes implicated in ALS etiology through other evidence, including familial ALS candidate gene association studies. We integrated these findings into a molecular landscape of ALS that allowed the identification of three main processes that interact with each other and are crucial to maintain axonal functionality, especially of the long axons of motor neurons, i.e. (1) Rho-GTPase signaling; (2) signaling involving the three regulatory molecules estradiol, folate, and methionine; and (3) ribonucleoprotein granule functioning and axonal transport. Interestingly, estradiol signaling is functionally involved in all three cascades and as such an important mediator of the molecular ALS landscape. Furthermore, epidemiological findings together with an analysis of possible gender effects in our own cohort of sporadic ALS patients indicated that estradiol may be a protective factor, especially for bulbar-onset ALS. Taken together, our molecular landscape of ALS suggests that abnormalities within three interconnected molecular processes involved in the functioning and maintenance of motor neuron axons are important in the etiology of ALS. Moreover, estradiol appears to be an important modulator of the ALS landscape, providing important clues for the development of novel disease-modifying treatments.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- C J H M Klemann
- Department of Molecular Animal Physiology, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences (RIMLS), Radboud University, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - J E Visser
- Department of Molecular Animal Physiology, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences (RIMLS), Radboud University, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.,Department of Neurology, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.,Department of Neurology, Amphia Hospital, Breda, The Netherlands
| | - L Van Den Bosch
- Department of Neurosciences, Laboratory of Neurobiology, Experimental Neurology, KU Leuven and VIB, Vesalius Research Center, Leuven, Belgium
| | - G J M Martens
- Department of Molecular Animal Physiology, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences (RIMLS), Radboud University, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - G Poelmans
- Department of Molecular Animal Physiology, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences (RIMLS), Radboud University, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.,Department of Human Genetics, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Suhaimi SS, Ab Mutalib NS, Jamal R. Understanding Molecular Landscape of Endometrial Cancer through Next Generation Sequencing: What We Have Learned so Far? Front Pharmacol 2016; 7:409. [PMID: 27847479 PMCID: PMC5088199 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2016.00409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2016] [Accepted: 10/14/2016] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Endometrial cancer (EC) is among the most common gynecological cancers affecting women worldwide. Despite the early detection and rather high overall survival rate, around 20% of the cases recur with poor prognosis. The Next Generation Sequencing (NGS) technology, also known as massively parallel sequencing, symbolizes a high-throughput, fast, sensitive and accurate way to study the molecular landscape of a cancer and this has indeed revolutionized endometrial cancer research. Understanding the potential, advantages, and limitations of NGS will be crucial for the healthcare providers and scientists in providing the genome-driven care in this era of precision medicine and pharmacogenomics. This mini review aimed to compile and critically summarize the recent findings contributed by NGS technology pertaining to EC. Importantly, we also discussed the potential of this technology for fundamental discovery research, individualized therapy, screening of at-risk individual and early diagnosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Siti-Syazani Suhaimi
- UKM Medical Molecular Biology Institute, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia Cheras, Malaysia
| | | | - Rahman Jamal
- UKM Medical Molecular Biology Institute, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia Cheras, Malaysia
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Abstract
Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is a clonal disorder characterized by the accumulation of complex genomic alterations that define the disease pathophysiology and overall outcome. Recent advances in sequencing technologies have described the molecular landscape of AML and identified several somatic alterations that impact overall survival. Despite all these advancement, several challenges remain in translating this information into effective therapy. Herein we will review the molecular landscape of AML and discuss the impact of the most common somatic mutations on disease biology and outcome.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Karam Al-Issa
- Leukemia Program, Department of Hematology and Oncology, Cleveland Clinic, Taussig Cancer Institute, Cleveland 44195, OH, USA
| | - Aziz Nazha
- Leukemia Program, Department of Hematology and Oncology, Cleveland Clinic, Taussig Cancer Institute, Cleveland 44195, OH, USA
| |
Collapse
|