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Yang B, Xin X, Cao X, Nasifu L, Nie Z, He B. The diagnostic and prognostic value of exosomal microRNAs in lung cancer: a systematic review. Clin Transl Oncol 2024; 26:1921-1933. [PMID: 38485857 DOI: 10.1007/s12094-024-03414-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2024] [Accepted: 02/16/2024] [Indexed: 07/16/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Studies have shown that many exosomal microRNAs (miRNAs) can be used as non-invasive biomarkers of lung cancer, but their diagnostic and prognostic values need to be further clarified. METHODS We conducted a systematic literature search in Web of Science, PubMed, and ScienceDirect databases, obtained relevant articles and extracted data, and used statistical methods and statistical software to comprehensively evaluate the diagnostic and prognostic value of exosomal miRNAs in lung cancer. REGISTRATION NUMBER PROSPERO CRD42023447398. RESULTS In terms of diagnosis, two exosomal miRNAs (miR-486-5p and miR-451a) were reported with the highest frequency in lung cancer patients, both of which had good diagnostic value. Compared with the control group, the pooled sensitivities of miR-486-5p and miR-451a were 0.80 (95% CI: 0.73-0.86) and 0.76 (95% CI: 0.60-0.87), specificities: 0.93 (95% CI: 0.63-0.99) and 0.85 (95% CI: 0.72-0.92), and AUCs: 0.85 (95% CI: 0.81-0.88) and 0.88 (95% CI: 0.84-0.90), for the respective miRNAs. For prognosis, in lung cancer patients with abnormally expressed exosomal miRNAs, miR-1290 was associated with PFS outcome; miR-382, miR-1246, miR-23b-3p, miR-21-5p, and miR-10b-5p were associated with OS outcome; miR-21 and miR-4257 were associated with DFS outcome; miR-125a-3p and miR-625-5p were associated with PFS and OS outcomes; miR-216b and miR-451a were associated with OS and DFS outcomes. CONCLUSIONS Exosomal miRNAs are valuable biomarkers in lung cancer patients. Exosomal miR-486-5p and miR-451a can be used as new diagnostic biomarkers for lung cancer. Dysregulated exosomal miRNAs could serve as indicators of survival outcomes in lung cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bingbing Yang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Nanjing First Hospital, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210006, China
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, School of Basic Medicine and Clinical Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 211198, China
| | - Xiaoqi Xin
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Nanjing First Hospital, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210006, China
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, School of Basic Medicine and Clinical Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 211198, China
| | - Xiaoqing Cao
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210006, China
| | - Lubanga Nasifu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210006, China
- Department of Biology, Muni University, Arua, Uganda
| | - Zhenlin Nie
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210006, China.
| | - Bangshun He
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Nanjing First Hospital, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210006, China.
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210006, China.
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2
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Hsu CC, Su Y, Rittenhouse-Olson K, Attwood KM, Mojica W, Reid ME, Dy GK, Wu Y. Exosomal Thomsen-Friedenreich Glycoantigen: A New Liquid Biopsy Biomarker for Lung and Breast Cancer Diagnoses. CANCER RESEARCH COMMUNICATIONS 2024; 4:1933-1945. [PMID: 39015090 DOI: 10.1158/2767-9764.crc-23-0505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2023] [Revised: 04/16/2024] [Accepted: 07/12/2024] [Indexed: 07/18/2024]
Abstract
Exosomes are nanosized extracellular vesicles released by cells to transport biomolecules such as proteins and RNAs for intercellular communication. Exosomes play important roles in cancer development and metastasis; therefore, they have emerged as potential liquid biopsy biomarkers for cancer screening, diagnosis, and management. Many exosome cargos, including proteins, RNAs, and lipids, have been extensively investigated as biomarkers for cancer liquid biopsy. However, carbohydrates, an important type of biomolecule, have not yet been explored for this purpose. In this study, we reported a new exosomal carbohydrate biomarker, α-linked Thomsen-Friedenreich glycoantigen (TF-Ag-α; Galβ1-3GalNAc-α). To translate our discovery into clinical settings, we developed a surface plasmon resonance-based assay which utilized a unique mAb, JAA-F11, with high specificity to measure the levels of exosomal TF-Ag-α in blood. To the best of our knowledge, we are the first to demonstrate that exosomes carry TF-Ag-α. We detected exosomal TF-Ag-α in as low as 10 μL serum samples from patients with cancer, but in contrast, levels were negligible in those from normal controls. With a total of 233 patients with cancer and normal controls, we showed that exosomal TF-Ag-α detected lung cancer (n = 60) and breast cancer (n = 95) from normal controls (n = 78) with ≥95% and ≥97% accuracy, respectively. These results demonstrated that exosomal TF-Ag-α is a potential liquid biopsy biomarker for cancer diagnosis. SIGNIFICANCE Exosomes or small extracellular vesicles have emerged as potent biomarkers of cancer liquid biopsy. We discovered a new exosomal carbohydrate marker, TF-Ag-α (Galβ1-3GalNAc-α), and showed that exosomal TF-Ag-α detected both lung and breast cancers with >95% accuracy. Our findings demonstrated that exosomal TF-Ag-α is a promising liquid biopsy biomarker for cancer screening and early detection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chang-Chieh Hsu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University at Buffalo, The State University of New York, Buffalo, New York
| | - Yafei Su
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University at Buffalo, The State University of New York, Buffalo, New York
| | | | - Kristopher M Attwood
- Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, New York
| | - Wilfrido Mojica
- Department of Pathology and Anatomical Sciences, University at Buffalo, The State University of New York, Buffalo, New York
| | - Mary E Reid
- Department of Medicine, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, New York
| | - Grace K Dy
- Department of Medicine, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, New York
| | - Yun Wu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University at Buffalo, The State University of New York, Buffalo, New York
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3
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Wang R, Xu Y, Tong L, Zhang X, Zhang S. Recent progress of exosomal lncRNA/circRNA-miRNA-mRNA axis in lung cancer: implication for clinical application. Front Mol Biosci 2024; 11:1417306. [PMID: 39021878 PMCID: PMC11251945 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2024.1417306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2024] [Accepted: 06/11/2024] [Indexed: 07/20/2024] Open
Abstract
Lung cancer is the leading cause of death among malignant tumors in the world. High lung cancer mortality rate is due to most of patients diagnosed at advanced stage. The Liquid biopsy of lung cancer have received recent interest for early diagnosis. One of the components of liquid biopsy is the exosome. The exosome cargos non-coding-RNAs, especially long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs), circular RNAs (circRNAs), and microRNAs (miRNAs). The lung cancer derived exosomal non-coding RNAs play the pivotal roles of lung cancer in carcinogenesis, diagnosis, therapy, drug resistance and prognosis of lung cancer. Given ceRNA (competitive endogenous RNA) mechanism, lncRNA or circRNA can act as ceRNA to compete to bind miRNAs and alter the expression of the targeted mRNA, contributing to the development and progression of lung cancer. The current research progress of the roles of the exosomal non-coding-RNAs and the interplay of ceRNAs and miRNAs in mediated lung cancer is illustrated in this article. Hence, we presented an experimentally validated lung cancer derived exosomal non-coding RNAs-regulated target gene axis from already existed evidence in lung cancer. Then LncRNA/circRNA-miRNA-mRNA axis may be a potential target for lung cancer treatment and has great potential in the diagnosis and prognosis of lung cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ren Wang
- Guangzhou Institute of Cancer Research, The Affiliated Cancer Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Yiwei Xu
- Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Liangjing Tong
- GMU-GIBH Joint School of Life Sciences, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Xiao Zhang
- GMU-GIBH Joint School of Life Sciences, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Sheng Zhang
- Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
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4
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Gohlke L, Alahdab A, Oberhofer A, Worf K, Holdenrieder S, Michaelis M, Cinatl J, Ritter CA. Loss of Key EMT-Regulating miRNAs Highlight the Role of ZEB1 in EGFR Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitor-Resistant NSCLC. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:14742. [PMID: 37834189 PMCID: PMC10573279 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241914742] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2023] [Revised: 09/25/2023] [Accepted: 09/26/2023] [Indexed: 10/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Despite recent advances in the treatment of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), acquired drug resistance to targeted therapy remains a major obstacle. Epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) has been identified as a key resistance mechanism in NSCLC. Here, we investigated the mechanistic role of key EMT-regulating small non-coding microRNAs (miRNAs) in sublines of the NSCLC cell line HCC4006 adapted to afatinib, erlotinib, gefitinib, or osimertinib. The most differentially expressed miRNAs derived from extracellular vesicles were associated with EMT, and their predicted target ZEB1 was significantly overexpressed in all resistant cell lines. Transfection of a miR-205-5p mimic partially reversed EMT by inhibiting ZEB1, restoring CDH1 expression, and inhibiting migration in erlotinib-resistant cells. Gene expression of EMT-markers, transcription factors, and miRNAs were correlated during stepwise osimertinib adaptation of HCC4006 cells. Temporally relieving cells of osimertinib reversed transition trends, suggesting that the implementation of treatment pauses could provide prolonged benefits for patients. Our results provide new insights into the contribution of miRNAs to drug-resistant NSCLC harboring EGFR-activating mutations and highlight their role as potential biomarkers and therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linus Gohlke
- Institute of Pharmacy, Clinical Pharmacy, University Greifswald, Friedrich-Ludwig-Jahn-Str. 17, 17489 Greifswald, Germany;
| | - Ahmad Alahdab
- Institute of Pharmacy, Clinical Pharmacy, University Greifswald, Friedrich-Ludwig-Jahn-Str. 17, 17489 Greifswald, Germany;
| | - Angela Oberhofer
- Munich Biomarker Research Center, Institute of Laboratory Medicine, German Heart Center, Technical University Munich, 80636 Munich, Germany; (A.O.); (K.W.); (S.H.)
| | - Karolina Worf
- Munich Biomarker Research Center, Institute of Laboratory Medicine, German Heart Center, Technical University Munich, 80636 Munich, Germany; (A.O.); (K.W.); (S.H.)
| | - Stefan Holdenrieder
- Munich Biomarker Research Center, Institute of Laboratory Medicine, German Heart Center, Technical University Munich, 80636 Munich, Germany; (A.O.); (K.W.); (S.H.)
| | - Martin Michaelis
- School of Biosciences, Division of Natural Sciences, University of Kent, Canterbury, Kent CT2 7NJ, UK;
| | - Jindrich Cinatl
- Institute of Medical Virology, University Hospital Frankfurt, Goethe University, 60596 Frankfurt am Main, Germany;
| | - Christoph A Ritter
- Institute of Pharmacy, Clinical Pharmacy, University Greifswald, Friedrich-Ludwig-Jahn-Str. 17, 17489 Greifswald, Germany;
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5
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Mishra A, Bharti PS, Rani N, Nikolajeff F, Kumar S. A tale of exosomes and their implication in cancer. Biochim Biophys Acta Rev Cancer 2023; 1878:188908. [PMID: 37172650 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbcan.2023.188908] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2023] [Revised: 05/01/2023] [Accepted: 05/05/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Cancer is a cause of high deaths worldwide and also a huge burden for the health system. Cancer cells have unique properties such as a high rate of proliferation, self-renewal, metastasis, and treatment resistance, therefore, the development of novel diagnoses of cancers is a tedious task. Exosomes are secreted by virtually all cell types and have the ability to carry a multitude of biomolecules crucial for intercellular communication, hence, contributing a crucial part in the onset and spread of cancer. These exosomal components can be utilized in the development of markers for diagnostic and prognostic purposes for various cancers. This review emphasized primarily the following topics: exosomes structure and functions, isolation and characterization strategies of exosomes, the role of exosomal contents in cancer with a focus in particular on noncoding RNA and protein, exosomes, and the cancer microenvironment interactions, cancer stem cells, and tumor diagnosis and prognosis based on exosomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abhay Mishra
- Department of Biophysics, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi 110029, India
| | - Prahalad Singh Bharti
- Department of Biophysics, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi 110029, India
| | - Neerja Rani
- Department of Anatomy, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi 110029, India
| | - Fredrik Nikolajeff
- Department of Health, Education, and Technology, Lulea University of Technology, 97187, Sweden
| | - Saroj Kumar
- Department of Biophysics, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi 110029, India; Department of Health, Education, and Technology, Lulea University of Technology, 97187, Sweden.
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6
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Hsu CC, Yang Y, Kannisto E, Zeng X, Yu G, Patnaik SK, Dy GK, Reid ME, Gan Q, Wu Y. Simultaneous Detection of Tumor Derived Exosomal Protein-MicroRNA Pairs with an Exo-PROS Biosensor for Cancer Diagnosis. ACS NANO 2023; 17:8108-8122. [PMID: 37129374 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.2c10970] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Tumor derived exosomes (TEXs) have emerged as promising biomarkers for cancer liquid biopsy. Conventional methods (such as ELISA and qRT-PCR) and emerging biosensing technologies mainly detect a single type of exosomal biomarker due to the distinct properties of different biomolecules. Sensitive detection of two different types of TEX biomarkers, i.e., protein and microRNA combined biomarkers, may greatly improve cancer diagnostic accuracy. We developed an exosome protein microRNA one-stop (Exo-PROS) biosensor that not only selectively captured TEXs but also enabled in situ, simultaneous detection of TEX protein-microRNA pairs via a surface plasmon resonance mechanism. Exo-PROS assay is a fast, reliable, low sample consumption, and user-friendly test. With a total of 175 cancer patients and normal controls, we demonstrated that TEX protein-microRNA pairs measured by Exo-PROS assay detected lung cancer and breast cancer with 99% and 96% accuracy, respectively. Exo-PROS assay also showed superior diagnostic performance to conventional ELISA and qRT-PCR methods. Our results demonstrated that Exo-PROS assay is a potent liquid biopsy assay for cancer diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chang-Chieh Hsu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University at Buffalo, The State University of New York, Buffalo, New York 14260, United States
| | - Yunchen Yang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University at Buffalo, The State University of New York, Buffalo, New York 14260, United States
| | - Eric Kannisto
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Elm and Carlton Street, Buffalo, New York 14263, United States
| | - Xie Zeng
- Department of Electrical Engineering, University at Buffalo, The State University of New York, Buffalo, New York 14260, United States
| | - Guan Yu
- Department of Biostatistics, University at Buffalo, The State University of New York, Buffalo, New York 14263, United States
| | - Santosh K Patnaik
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Elm and Carlton Street, Buffalo, New York 14263, United States
| | - Grace K Dy
- Department of Medicine, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Elm and Carlton Street, Buffalo, New York 14263, United States
| | - Mary E Reid
- Department of Medicine, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Elm and Carlton Street, Buffalo, New York 14263, United States
| | - Qiaoqiang Gan
- Department of Electrical Engineering, University at Buffalo, The State University of New York, Buffalo, New York 14260, United States
- Materials Science Engineering, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - Yun Wu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University at Buffalo, The State University of New York, Buffalo, New York 14260, United States
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7
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Ren XD, Su N, Sun XG, Li WM, Li J, Li BW, Li RX, Lv J, Xu QY, Kong WL, Huang Q. Advances in liquid biopsy-based markers in NSCLC. Adv Clin Chem 2023; 114:109-150. [PMID: 37268331 DOI: 10.1016/bs.acc.2023.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Lung cancer is the second most-frequently occurring cancer and the leading cause of cancer-associated deaths worldwide. Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), the most common type of lung cancer is often diagnosed in middle or advanced stages and have poor prognosis. Diagnosis of disease at an early stage is a key factor for improving prognosis and reducing mortality, whereas, the currently used diagnostic tools are not sufficiently sensitive for early-stage NSCLC. The emergence of liquid biopsy has ushered in a new era of diagnosis and management of cancers, including NSCLC, since analysis of circulating tumor-derived components, such as cell-free DNA (cfDNA), circulating tumor cells (CTCs), cell-free RNAs (cfRNAs), exosomes, tumor-educated platelets (TEPs), proteins, and metabolites in blood or other biofluids can enable early cancer detection, treatment selection, therapy monitoring and prognosis assessment. There have been great advances in liquid biopsy of NSCLC in the past few years. Hence, this chapter introduces the latest advances on the clinical application of cfDNA, CTCs, cfRNAs and exosomes, with a particular focus on their application as early markers in the diagnosis, treatment and prognosis of NSCLC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Dong Ren
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, P.R. China
| | - Ning Su
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, P.R. China
| | - Xian-Ge Sun
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, P.R. China
| | - Wen-Man Li
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, P.R. China
| | - Jin Li
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, P.R. China
| | - Bo-Wen Li
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, P.R. China
| | - Ruo-Xu Li
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, P.R. China
| | - Jing Lv
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, P.R. China
| | - Qian-Ying Xu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, P.R. China
| | - Wei-Long Kong
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, P.R. China
| | - Qing Huang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, P.R. China.
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8
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Taylor ML, Giacalone AG, Amrhein KD, Wilson RE, Wang Y, Huang X. Nanomaterials for Molecular Detection and Analysis of Extracellular Vesicles. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 13:524. [PMID: 36770486 PMCID: PMC9920192 DOI: 10.3390/nano13030524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2023] [Revised: 01/23/2023] [Accepted: 01/24/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) have emerged as a novel resource of biomarkers for cancer and certain other diseases. Probing EVs in body fluids has become of major interest in the past decade in the development of a new-generation liquid biopsy for cancer diagnosis and monitoring. However, sensitive and specific molecular detection and analysis are challenging, due to the small size of EVs, low amount of antigens on individual EVs, and the complex biofluid matrix. Nanomaterials have been widely used in the technological development of protein and nucleic acid-based EV detection and analysis, owing to the unique structure and functional properties of materials at the nanometer scale. In this review, we summarize various nanomaterial-based analytical technologies for molecular EV detection and analysis. We discuss these technologies based on the major types of nanomaterials, including plasmonic, fluorescent, magnetic, organic, carbon-based, and certain other nanostructures. For each type of nanomaterial, functional properties are briefly described, followed by the applications of the nanomaterials for EV biomarker detection, profiling, and analysis in terms of detection mechanisms.
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9
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Muthamilselvan S, Ramasami Sundhar Baabu P, Palaniappan A. Microfluidics for Profiling miRNA Biomarker Panels in AI-Assisted Cancer Diagnosis and Prognosis. Technol Cancer Res Treat 2023; 22:15330338231185284. [PMID: 37365928 PMCID: PMC10331788 DOI: 10.1177/15330338231185284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2023] [Revised: 05/27/2023] [Accepted: 06/07/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Early detection of cancers and their precise subtyping are essential to patient stratification and effective cancer management. Data-driven identification of expression biomarkers coupled with microfluidics-based detection shows promise to revolutionize cancer diagnosis and prognosis. MicroRNAs play key roles in cancers and afford detection in tissue and liquid biopsies. In this review, we focus on the microfluidics-based detection of miRNA biomarkers in AI-based models for early-stage cancer subtyping and prognosis. We describe various subclasses of miRNA biomarkers that could be useful in machine-based predictive modeling of cancer staging and progression. Strategies for optimizing the feature space of miRNA biomarkers are necessary to obtain a robust signature panel. This is followed by a discussion of the issues in model construction and validation towards producing Software-as-Medical-Devices (SaMDs). Microfluidic devices could facilitate the multiplexed detection of miRNA biomarker panels, and an overview of the different strategies for designing such microfluidic systems is presented here, with an outline of the detection principles used and the corresponding performance measures. Microfluidics-based profiling of miRNAs coupled with SaMD represent high-performance point-of-care solutions that would aid clinical decision-making and pave the way for accessible precision personalized medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sangeetha Muthamilselvan
- Department of Bioinformatics, School of Chemical and Biotechnology, SASTRA Deemed University, Thanjavur, Tamil Nadu, India
| | | | - Ashok Palaniappan
- Department of Bioinformatics, School of Chemical and Biotechnology, SASTRA Deemed University, Thanjavur, Tamil Nadu, India
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10
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Jafari A, Karimabadi K, Rahimi A, Rostaminasab G, Khazaei M, Rezakhani L, Ahmadi jouybari T. The Emerging Role of Exosomal miRNAs as Biomarkers for Early Cancer Detection: A Comprehensive Literature Review. Technol Cancer Res Treat 2023; 22:15330338231205999. [PMID: 37817634 PMCID: PMC10566290 DOI: 10.1177/15330338231205999] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2023] [Revised: 09/10/2023] [Accepted: 09/13/2023] [Indexed: 10/12/2023] Open
Abstract
A significant number of cancer-related deaths are recorded globally each year, despite attempts to cure this illness. Medical science is working to develop new medication therapies as well as to find ways to identify this illness as early as possible, even using noninvasive techniques. Early detection of cancer can greatly aid its treatment. Studies into cancer diagnosis and therapy have recently shifted their focus to exosome (EXO) biomarkers, which comprise numerous RNA and proteins. EXOs are minuscule goblet vesicles that have a width of 30 to 140 nm and are released by a variety of cells, including immune, stem, and tumor cells, as well as bodily fluids. According to a growing body of research, EXOs, and cancer appear to be related. EXOs from tumors play a role in the genetic information transfer between tumor and basal cells, which controls angiogenesis and fosters tumor development and spread. To identify malignant activities early on, microRNAs (miRNAs) from cancers can be extracted from circulatory system EXOs. Specific markers can be used to identify cancer-derived EXOs containing miRNAs, which may be more reliable and precise for early detection. Conventional solid biopsy has become increasingly limited as precision and personalized medicine has advanced, while liquid biopsy offers a viable platform for noninvasive diagnosis and prognosis. Therefore, the use of body fluids such as serum, plasma, urine, and salivary secretions can help find cancer biomarkers using technologies related to EXOs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Jafari
- Student Research Committee, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Keyvan Karimabadi
- Student Research Committee, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Aso Rahimi
- Student Research Committee, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Gelavizh Rostaminasab
- Clinical Research Development Center, Imam Khomeini and Mohammad Kermanshahi and Farabi Hospitals, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Mozafar Khazaei
- Fertility and Infertility Research Center, Health Technology Institute, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
- Department of Tissue Engineering, School of Medicine, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Leila Rezakhani
- Fertility and Infertility Research Center, Health Technology Institute, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
- Department of Tissue Engineering, School of Medicine, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Touraj Ahmadi jouybari
- Clinical Research Development Center, Imam Khomeini and Mohammad Kermanshahi and Farabi Hospitals, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
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Abstract
Exosomes are extracellular vesicles, which have the ability to convey various types of cargo between cells. Lately, a great amount of interest has been paid to exosomal microRNAs (miRNAs), since much evidence has suggested that the sorting of miRNAs into exosomes is not an accidental process. It has been shown that exosomal miRNAs (exo-miRNAs) are implicated in a variety of cellular processes including (but not limited to) cell migration, apoptosis, proliferation, and autophagy. Exosomes can play a role in cardiovascular diseases and can be used as diagnostic biomarkers for several diseases, especially cancer. Tremendous advances in technology have led to the development of various platforms for miRNA profiling. Each platform has its own limitations and strengths that need to be understood in order to use them properly. In the current review, we summarize some exo-miRNAs that are relevant to exo-miRNA profiling studies and describe new methods used for the measurement of miRNA profiles in different human bodily fluids.
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12
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Hsu CC, Wu Y. Recent advances in nanotechnology-enabled biosensors for detection of exosomes as new cancer liquid biopsy. Exp Biol Med (Maywood) 2022; 247:2152-2172. [PMID: 35938477 PMCID: PMC9837302 DOI: 10.1177/15353702221110813] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Cancer liquid biopsy detects circulating biomarkers in body fluids, provides information that complements medical imaging and tissue biopsy, allows sequential monitoring of cancer development, and, therefore, has shown great promise in cancer screening, diagnosis, and prognosis. Exosomes (also known as small extracellular vesicles) are cell-secreted, nanosized vesicles that transport biomolecules such as proteins and RNAs for intercellular communication. Exosomes are actively involved in cancer development and progression and have become promising circulating biomarkers for cancer liquid biopsy. Conventional exosome characterization methods such as quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) are limited by low sensitivity, tedious process, large sample volume, and high cost. To overcome these challenges, new biosensors have been developed to offer sensitive, simple, fast, high throughput, low sample consumption, and cost-effective detection of exosomal biomarkers. In this review, we summarized recent advances in nanotechnology-enabled biosensors that detect exosomal RNAs (both microRNAs and mRNAs) and proteins for cancer screening, diagnosis, and prognosis. The biosensors were grouped based on their sensing mechanisms, including fluorescence-based biosensors, colorimetric biosensors, electrical/electrochemical biosensors, plasmonics-based biosensors, surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS)-based biosensors, and inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) and photothermal biosensors. The future directions for the development of exosome-based biosensors were discussed.
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Chellini L, Palombo R, Riccioni V, Paronetto MP. Oncogenic Dysregulation of Circulating Noncoding RNAs: Novel Challenges and Opportunities in Sarcoma Diagnosis and Treatment. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14194677. [PMID: 36230599 PMCID: PMC9562196 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14194677] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2022] [Revised: 09/07/2022] [Accepted: 09/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Body fluids contain different classes of RNA molecules such as protein-coding messenger RNAs (mRNA) and noncoding RNAs, including microRNAs (miRNAs), long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) and circular RNAs (circRNAs). These circulating RNAs can travel naked or packed into extracellular vesicles and display valuable potential as non-invasive biomarkers of sarcoma malignancy. In this review, we summarize current knowledge on the possible functions of these circulating RNAs and discuss their possible exploitation as novel markers to improve sarcoma diagnosis and prognosis. Despite the recent advance in technological tools have improved protocols for the extraction and detection of circulating RNA, many aspects related to the biology of these molecules remain to be elucidated. In particular, the lack of standardization in the assessment of these markers makes difficult their adoption into clinical practice. Abstract Sarcomas comprise a heterogeneous group of rare mesenchymal malignancies. Sarcomas can be grouped into two categories characterized by different prognosis and treatment approaches: soft tissue sarcoma and primary bone sarcoma. In the last years, research on novel diagnostic, prognostic or predictive biomarkers in sarcoma management has been focused on circulating tumor-derived molecules as valuable tools. Liquid biopsies that measure various tumor components, including circulating cell-free DNA and RNA, circulating tumor cells, tumor extracellular vesicles and exosomes, are gaining attention as methods for molecular screening and early diagnosis. Compared with traditional tissue biopsies, liquid biopsies are minimally invasive and blood samples can be collected serially over time to monitor cancer progression. This review will focus on circulating noncoding RNA molecules from liquid biopsies that are dysregulated in sarcoma malignancies and discuss advantages and current limitations of their employment as biomarkers in the management of sarcomas. It will also explore their utility in the evaluation of the clinical response to treatments and of disease relapse. Moreover, it will explore state-of-the-art techniques that allow for the early detection of these circulating biomarkers. Despite the huge potential, current reports highlight poor sensitivity, specificity, and survival benefit of these methods, that are therefore still insufficient for routine screening purposes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lidia Chellini
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Neurobiology, IRCCS Fondazione Santa Lucia, 00143 Rome, Italy
| | - Ramona Palombo
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Neurobiology, IRCCS Fondazione Santa Lucia, 00143 Rome, Italy
- Department of Movement, Human and Health Sciences, Università degli Studi di Roma “Foro Italico”, Piazza Lauro de Bosis, 15, 00135 Rome, Italy
| | - Veronica Riccioni
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Neurobiology, IRCCS Fondazione Santa Lucia, 00143 Rome, Italy
| | - Maria Paola Paronetto
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Neurobiology, IRCCS Fondazione Santa Lucia, 00143 Rome, Italy
- Department of Movement, Human and Health Sciences, Università degli Studi di Roma “Foro Italico”, Piazza Lauro de Bosis, 15, 00135 Rome, Italy
- Correspondence:
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Lee N, Canagasingham A, Bajaj M, Shanmugasundaram R, Hutton A, Bucci J, Graham P, Thompson J, Ni J. Urine exosomes as biomarkers in bladder cancer diagnosis and prognosis: From functional roles to clinical significance. Front Oncol 2022; 12:1019391. [PMID: 36203422 PMCID: PMC9530625 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.1019391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2022] [Accepted: 09/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Bladder cancer is one of the top ten most common cancers and top ten causes of cancer death globally. 5-year survival rates have decreased in Australia from 66% to 55% in the past three decades. The current gold standard for diagnosis is cystoscopy. However, cystoscopies are an invasive and health-resource intensive procedure which has sub-optimal sensitivity for flat lesions such as CIS (carcinoma in situ) and low specificity for differentiating inflammation from cancer - hence requiring biopsies under anesthesia. Frequent and life-long surveillance cystoscopy is required for most patients since there are high rates of progression and local recurrence in high-risk non-muscle invasive cancer (NMIBC) as well as poor outcomes associated with delayed detection of muscle-invasive bladder cancer (MIBC). There is an unmet need for a non-invasive test to provide better discrimination and risk-stratification of bladder cancer which could aid clinicians by improving patient selection for cystoscopy; enhanced risk stratification methods may guide the frequency of surveillance cystoscopies and inform treatment choices. Exosomes, which are nano-sized extracellular vesicles containing genetic material and proteins, have been shown to have functional roles in the development and progression of bladder cancer. Exosomes have also been demonstrated to be a robust source of potential biomarkers for bladder cancer diagnosis and prognosis and may also have roles as therapeutic agents. In this review, we summarize the latest evidence of biological roles of exosomes in bladder cancer and highlight their clinical significance in bladder cancer diagnosis, surveillance and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas Lee
- St George and Sutherland Clinical Campuses, School of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine & Health, UNSW Sydney, Kensington, NSW, Australia
| | | | - Mohit Bajaj
- Department of Urology, St George Hospital, Kogarah, NSW, Australia
| | | | - Anthony Hutton
- St George and Sutherland Clinical Campuses, School of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine & Health, UNSW Sydney, Kensington, NSW, Australia
- Department of Urology, St George Hospital, Kogarah, NSW, Australia
| | - Joseph Bucci
- St George and Sutherland Clinical Campuses, School of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine & Health, UNSW Sydney, Kensington, NSW, Australia
- Cancer Care Centre, St George Hospital, Kogarah, NSW, Australia
| | - Peter Graham
- St George and Sutherland Clinical Campuses, School of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine & Health, UNSW Sydney, Kensington, NSW, Australia
- Cancer Care Centre, St George Hospital, Kogarah, NSW, Australia
| | - James Thompson
- St George and Sutherland Clinical Campuses, School of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine & Health, UNSW Sydney, Kensington, NSW, Australia
- Department of Urology, St George Hospital, Kogarah, NSW, Australia
- *Correspondence: James Thompson, ; Jie Ni,
| | - Jie Ni
- St George and Sutherland Clinical Campuses, School of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine & Health, UNSW Sydney, Kensington, NSW, Australia
- Cancer Care Centre, St George Hospital, Kogarah, NSW, Australia
- *Correspondence: James Thompson, ; Jie Ni,
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Shen X, Li L, Zhang L, Liu W, Wu Y, Ma R. Diagnostic and prognostic value of microRNA-486 in patients with lung cancer: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Int J Biol Markers 2022; 37:377-385. [PMID: 35902998 DOI: 10.1177/03936155221115750] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE There are conflicting opinions on whether miR-486 could be used for cancer diagnosis and prognosis. Therefore, this present study investigated the potential effect of miR-486 on lung cancer diagnosis and prognosis. METHODS We researched PubMed, Embase, Wanfang and Chinese National Knowledge Infrastructure databases to select relevant publications. Specificity and sensitivity were obtained for the pooled and subgroup diagnostic meta-analysis while the hazard ratio was for prognostic meta-analysis. Publication analyses and sensitivity analyses were conducted to investigate possible sources of heterogeneity. RESULTS The overall sensitivity and specificity with 95% confidence intervals were 0.8 (0.8-0.9) and 0.9 (0.9-0.9). Results of subgroup analysis showed that high diagnostic efficacy might be obtained by miR-486 combined with other microRNAs (area under the curve (AUC): 0.9 (0.9-1.0)) to distinguish lung cancer patients from healthy controls (AUC: 1.0 (0.9-1.0)), especially for lung adenocarcinoma (AUC: 1.0 (1.0-1.0)) in the Asian population (AUC: 0.9 (0.9-1.0)). For prognosis prediction of miR-486 in overall non-small cell lung cancer, the overall hazard ratio with 95% confidence interval was 1.15 (0.85-1.54) for high versus low expression of miR-486, which indicated that a high miR-486 level was not related to the high risk of poor outcome. However, for the subgroup of progression-free survival and patients with chemotherapy, the hazard ratio was 0.41 (0.21-0.77), indicating that the higher miR-486 level would decrease the risk of poor progression-free survival for lung cancer patients with chemotherapy. CONCLUSION This study suggested circulating miR-486 combined with other microRNAs could be used as ideal biomarkers in early diagnosis and prognosis prediction for lung cancer, especially for lung adenocarcinoma in the Asian population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyu Shen
- Medical Oncology Department of Thoracic Cancer (2), 74665Cancer Hospital of China Medical University, Liaoning Cancer Hospital & Institute, Shenyang, Liaoning, People's Republic of China
| | - Linlin Li
- Medical Oncology Department of Thoracic Cancer (2), 74665Cancer Hospital of China Medical University, Liaoning Cancer Hospital & Institute, Shenyang, Liaoning, People's Republic of China
| | - Linlin Zhang
- Medical Oncology Department of Thoracic Cancer (2), 74665Cancer Hospital of China Medical University, Liaoning Cancer Hospital & Institute, Shenyang, Liaoning, People's Republic of China
| | - Wenjing Liu
- Medical Oncology Department of Thoracic Cancer (2), 74665Cancer Hospital of China Medical University, Liaoning Cancer Hospital & Institute, Shenyang, Liaoning, People's Republic of China
| | - Yang Wu
- Medical Oncology Department of Thoracic Cancer (2), 74665Cancer Hospital of China Medical University, Liaoning Cancer Hospital & Institute, Shenyang, Liaoning, People's Republic of China
| | - Rui Ma
- Medical Oncology Department of Thoracic Cancer (2), 74665Cancer Hospital of China Medical University, Liaoning Cancer Hospital & Institute, Shenyang, Liaoning, People's Republic of China
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Choi SS, Kim SE, Oh SY, Ahn YH. Clinical Implications of Circulating Circular RNAs in Lung Cancer. Biomedicines 2022; 10:biomedicines10040871. [PMID: 35453621 PMCID: PMC9028053 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10040871] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2022] [Revised: 03/31/2022] [Accepted: 04/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Circular RNAs (circRNAs) are single-stranded RNAs with a covalently closed-loop structure that increases their stability; thus, they are more advantageous to use as liquid biopsy markers than linear RNAs. circRNAs are thought to be generated by back-splicing of pre-mRNA transcripts, which can be facilitated by reverse complementary sequences in the flanking introns and trans-acting factors, such as splicing regulatory factors and RNA-binding factors. circRNAs function as miRNA sponges, interact with target proteins, regulate the stability and translatability of other mRNAs, regulate gene expression, and produce microproteins. circRNAs are also found in the body fluids of cancer patients, including plasma, saliva, urine, and cerebrospinal fluid, and these “circulating circRNAs” can be used as cancer biomarkers. In lung cancer, some circulating circRNAs have been reported to regulate cancer progression and drug resistance. Circulating circRNAs have significant diagnostic value and are associated with the prognosis of lung cancer patients. Owing to their functional versatility, heightened stability, and practical applicability, circulating circRNAs represent promising biomarkers for lung cancer diagnosis, prognosis, and treatment monitoring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sae Seul Choi
- Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 07804, Korea; (S.S.C.); (S.E.K.)
| | - Sae Eun Kim
- Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 07804, Korea; (S.S.C.); (S.E.K.)
| | - Seon Young Oh
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 07804, Korea;
- Inflammation-Cancer Microenvironment Research Center, College of Medicine, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 07804, Korea
| | - Young-Ho Ahn
- Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 07804, Korea; (S.S.C.); (S.E.K.)
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 07804, Korea;
- Inflammation-Cancer Microenvironment Research Center, College of Medicine, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 07804, Korea
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +82-2-6986-6268
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Yu X, Sha L, Liu Q, Zhao Y, Fang H, Cao Y, Zhao J. Recent advances in cell membrane camouflage-based biosensing application. Biosens Bioelectron 2021; 194:113623. [PMID: 34530371 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2021.113623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2021] [Revised: 09/06/2021] [Accepted: 09/08/2021] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Cell membrane, a semi-permeable membrane composed of phospholipid bilayers, is a natural barrier to prevent extracellular substances from freely entering the cell. Cell membrane with selective permeability and fluidity ensures the relative stability of the intracellular environment and enables various biochemical reactions to smoothly operate in an orderly manner. Inspired by the natural composition and transport process, various cell membranes and synthetic bionic films as the mimics of cell membranes have emerged as appealing camouflage materials for biosensing applications. The membranes are devoted to surface modification and substance delivery, and realize the detection or in situ analysis of multiple biomarkers, such as glucose, nucleic acids, virus, and circulating tumor cells. In this review, we summarize the recent advances in cell membrane camouflage-based biosensing applications, mainly focusing on the use of the membranes extracted from natural cells (e.g., blood cells and cancer cells) as well as biomimetic membranes. Materials and surfaces camouflaged with cell membranes are shown to have superior stability and biocompatibility as well as intrinsic properties of original cells, which greatly facilitate their use in biosensing. In specific, camouflage with blood cell membranes bestows low immunogenicity and prolonged blood circulation time, camouflage with cancer cell membranes provides homologous targeting ability, and camouflage with biomimetic membranes endows considerable plasticity for functionalization. Further research is expected to focus on the deeper understanding of cell-specific properties of membranes and the exploration of hybrid membranes, which might provide new development opportunities for cell membrane camouflage-based biosensing application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaomeng Yu
- Institute of Geriatrics (Shanghai University), Affiliated Nantong Hospital of Shanghai University (The Sixth People's Hospital of Nantong), School of Medicine, Shanghai University, Nantong, 226011, PR China; Center for Molecular Recognition and Biosensing, Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Organ Repair, School of Life Sciences, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200444, PR China
| | - Lingjun Sha
- Center for Molecular Recognition and Biosensing, Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Organ Repair, School of Life Sciences, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200444, PR China
| | - Qi Liu
- Center for Molecular Recognition and Biosensing, Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Organ Repair, School of Life Sciences, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200444, PR China
| | - Yingyan Zhao
- Center for Molecular Recognition and Biosensing, Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Organ Repair, School of Life Sciences, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200444, PR China
| | - Huan Fang
- Center for Molecular Recognition and Biosensing, Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Organ Repair, School of Life Sciences, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200444, PR China
| | - Ya Cao
- Institute of Geriatrics (Shanghai University), Affiliated Nantong Hospital of Shanghai University (The Sixth People's Hospital of Nantong), School of Medicine, Shanghai University, Nantong, 226011, PR China; Center for Molecular Recognition and Biosensing, Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Organ Repair, School of Life Sciences, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200444, PR China.
| | - Jing Zhao
- Institute of Geriatrics (Shanghai University), Affiliated Nantong Hospital of Shanghai University (The Sixth People's Hospital of Nantong), School of Medicine, Shanghai University, Nantong, 226011, PR China; Center for Molecular Recognition and Biosensing, Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Organ Repair, School of Life Sciences, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200444, PR China.
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Jiang C, Fu Y, Liu G, Shu B, Davis J, Tofaris GK. Multiplexed Profiling of Extracellular Vesicles for Biomarker Development. NANO-MICRO LETTERS 2021; 14:3. [PMID: 34855021 PMCID: PMC8638654 DOI: 10.1007/s40820-021-00753-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2021] [Accepted: 10/22/2021] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are cell-derived membranous particles that play a crucial role in molecular trafficking, intercellular transport and the egress of unwanted proteins. They have been implicated in many diseases including cancer and neurodegeneration. EVs are detected in all bodily fluids, and their protein and nucleic acid content offers a means of assessing the status of the cells from which they originated. As such, they provide opportunities in biomarker discovery for diagnosis, prognosis or the stratification of diseases as well as an objective monitoring of therapies. The simultaneous assaying of multiple EV-derived markers will be required for an impactful practical application, and multiplexing platforms have evolved with the potential to achieve this. Herein, we provide a comprehensive overview of the currently available multiplexing platforms for EV analysis, with a primary focus on miniaturized and integrated devices that offer potential step changes in analytical power, throughput and consistency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng Jiang
- Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, New Biochemistry Building, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX1 3QU, UK.
- Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX1 3QZ, UK.
- Kavli Institute for Nanoscience Discovery, New Biochemistry Building, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.
| | - Ying Fu
- Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX1 3QZ, UK
| | - Guozhen Liu
- School of Life and Health Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen, 518172, People's Republic of China
| | - Bowen Shu
- Dermatology Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510091, People's Republic of China
| | - Jason Davis
- Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX1 3QZ, UK.
| | - George K Tofaris
- Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, New Biochemistry Building, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX1 3QU, UK.
- Kavli Institute for Nanoscience Discovery, New Biochemistry Building, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.
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Yi M, Liao Z, Deng L, Xu L, Tan Y, Liu K, Chen Z, Zhang Y. High diagnostic value of miRNAs for NSCLC: quantitative analysis for both single and combined miRNAs in lung cancer. Ann Med 2021; 53:2178-2193. [PMID: 34913774 PMCID: PMC8740622 DOI: 10.1080/07853890.2021.2000634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2021] [Accepted: 10/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are good candidates as biomarkers for Lung cancer (LC). The aim of this article is to figure out the diagnostic value of both single and combined miRNAs in LC. METHODS Normative meta-analysis was conducted based on PRISMA. We assessed the diagnostic value by calculating the combined sensitivity (Sen), specificity (Spe), positive likelihood ratio (PLR), negative likelihood ratio (NLR) and diagnostic odds ratio (DOR) and the area under the curve (AUC) of single and combined miRNAs for LC and specific subgroups. RESULTS A total of 80 qualified studies with a total of 8971 patients and 10758 controls were included. In non-small cell lung carcinoma (NSCLC), we involved 20 single-miRNAs and found their Sen, Spe and AUC ranged from 0.52-0.81, 0.66-0.88, and 0.68-0.90, respectively, specially, miR-19 with the maximum Sen, miR-20 and miR-10 with the highest Spe as well as miR-17 with the maximum AUC. Additionally, we detected miR-21 with the maximum Sen of 0.74 [95%CI: 0.62-0.83], miR-146 with the maximum Spe and AUC of 0.93 [95%CI: 0.79-0.98] and 0.89 [95%CI: 0.86-0.92] for early-stage NSCLC. We also identified the diagnostic power of available panel (miR-210, miR-31 and miR-21) for NSCLC with satisfying Sen, Spe and AUC of 0.82 [95%CI: 0.78-0.84], 0.87 [95%CI: 0.84-0.89] and 0.91 [95%CI: 0.88-0.93], and furtherly constructed 2 models for better diagnosis. CONCLUSIONS We identified several single miRNAs and combined groups with high diagnostic power for NSCLC through pooled quantitative analysis, which shows that specific miRNAs are good biomarker candidates for NSCLC and further researches needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minhan Yi
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
- School of Life Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Zexi Liao
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
- Xiangya Medical School, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Langmei Deng
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
- Department of Emergency, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Li Xu
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
- School of Life Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Yun Tan
- School of Life Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Kun Liu
- School of Life Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Ziliang Chen
- School of Computer Science and Engineering, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Yuan Zhang
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
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Zhang Y, Wang Y, Su X, Wang P, Lin W. The Value of Circulating Circular RNA in Cancer Diagnosis, Monitoring, Prognosis, and Guiding Treatment. Front Oncol 2021; 11:736546. [PMID: 34722285 PMCID: PMC8551378 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.736546] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2021] [Accepted: 09/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Liquid biopsy includes non-invasive analysis of circulating tumor-derived substances. It is a novel, innovative cancer screening tool that overcomes the limitations of current invasive tissue examinations in precision oncology. Circular RNA (circRNA) is a recent, novel, and attractive liquid biomarker showing stability, abundance, and high specificity in various diseases, especially in human cancers. This review focused on the emerging potential of human circRNA in body fluids as the liquid biopsy biomarkers for cancers and the methods used to detect the circRNA expression and summarized the construction of circRNA biomarkers in body fluids for treating human cancers and their limitations before they become part of routine clinical medicine. Furthermore, the future opportunities and challenges of translating circRNAs in liquid biopsy into clinical practices were explored.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunjing Zhang
- Department of Nephrology, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital, and Institute of Translational Medicine, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Jinhua, China
| | - Ying Wang
- Department of Nephrology, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital, and Institute of Translational Medicine, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Jinhua, China
| | - Xinwan Su
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Ping Wang
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Weiqiang Lin
- Department of Nephrology, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital, and Institute of Translational Medicine, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Jinhua, China
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Liu F, Mao H, Chai S, Mao H. Meta-analysis of the diagnostic value of exosomal miR-21 as a biomarker for the prediction of cancer. J Clin Lab Anal 2021; 35:e23956. [PMID: 34492742 PMCID: PMC8529139 DOI: 10.1002/jcla.23956] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2021] [Revised: 07/15/2021] [Accepted: 07/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Early diagnosis of cancer is still the most effective method to increase survival and therapeutically effective patient management. Accumulating studies had exploited exosomes as an indicator for the diagnosis and prognosis of cancer. In addition to exosomes, exosome-derived miRs are widely investigated as a novel biomarker for diagnosis in cancer patients. The aim of this study was to clarify the diagnostic value of ex-miR-21 in cancer. METHODS Databases were searched for eligible studies up to June, 2021. Studies included in this meta-analysis were reviewed and selected independently by two authors. The data of sensitivity, specificity, diagnostic odds ratio (DOR), and summary receiver operating characteristic curves (SROC) of exosomal miR-21 as a diagnostic biomarker were extracted and calculated. Quality assessment was conducted by using the QUADAS-2 tool. RESULTS A total of 26 studies were included in the systematic analysis and meta-analysis. The pooled results of sensitivity, specificity, PLR/NLR, DOR, and area under the curve were 76% (95%CI, 0.70-0.81), 82% (0.77-0.87), 4.3 (3.1-6.0), 0.29 (0.22-0.38), 15 (8-26), and 0.86 (0.83-0.89), respectively. Sensitivity analysis and Deeks' funnel plot indicated that results remained unchanged and had no publication bias. For the subgroup analysis, it was showed that ex-miR-21 had a superior diagnostic accuracy on identifying PC. CONCLUSION Exosomal microRNA-21 can serve as an effective and widely used diagnostic biomarker for cancer, especially in PC. The using field of exosomes and exosome-derived miR can further extend the prognosis and therapeutic management. Standardized isolation of exosomes and miRNA-21 should be developed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fanglan Liu
- Department of Preclinical MedicalJiangxi Medical CollegeShangraoChina
| | - Haifei Mao
- Department of AnesthesiologyShangrao People’s HospitalShangraoChina
| | - Shiquan Chai
- Department of AnesthesiologyShangrao People’s HospitalShangraoChina
| | - Haifeng Mao
- Department of AnesthesiologyTaizhou First People’s HospitalTaizhouChina
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22
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Circulating exosomal miRNAs and cancer early diagnosis. Clin Transl Oncol 2021; 24:393-406. [PMID: 34524618 DOI: 10.1007/s12094-021-02706-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2021] [Accepted: 08/31/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Microribonucleic acids (miRNAs) are small non-coding ribonucleic acids (ncRNAs), which can affect recognition of homologous sequences and interfere with transcription. It plays key roles in the initiation, development, resistance, metastasis or recurrence of cancers. Identifying circulatory indicators will positively improve the prognosis and quality of life of patients with early cancer. Previous studies have shown that miRNA is highly involved in cancer. In addition, miRNA derived from cancers can be encapsulated as exosomes and further extracted into circulatory systems to realize malignant functions. It indicates that circulating exosome-derived miRNAs have the potential to replace conventional biomarkers as cancer derived exosomes carrying miRNAs can be identified by specific markers and might be more stable and accurate for early diagnosis.
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Kerpel-Fronius A, Tammemägi M, Cavic M, Henschke C, Jiang L, Kazerooni E, Lee CT, Ventura L, Yang D, Lam S, Huber RM. Screening for Lung Cancer in Individuals Who Never Smoked: An International Association for the Study of Lung Cancer Early Detection and Screening Committee Report. J Thorac Oncol 2021; 17:56-66. [PMID: 34455065 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtho.2021.07.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2021] [Revised: 07/15/2021] [Accepted: 07/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Screening with low-dose computed tomography of high-risk individuals with a smoking history reduces lung cancer mortality. Current screening guidelines and eligibility criteria can miss more than 50% of lung cancers, and in some geographic areas, such as East Asia, a large proportion of the missed lung cancers are in never-smokers. Although randomized trials revealed the benefits of screening for people who smoke, these trials generally excluded never-smokers. Thus, the feasibility and effectiveness of lung cancer screening of individuals who never smoked are uncertain. Several known and suspected risk factors for lung cancers in never-smokers such as exposure to secondhand smoke, occupational carcinogens, radon, air pollution, and pulmonary diseases, such as chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and interstitial lung diseases, and intrinsic factors, such as age, are well noted. In this regard, knowledge of risk factors may make possible quantification and prediction of lung cancer risk in never smokers. It is worth considering if and how never smokers could be included in population-based screening programs. As the implementation of these programs is challenging in many countries owing to multiple factors and the epidemiologic differences by global regions, these issues will need to be evaluated in each country taking into account various factors, including accuracy of risk assessment and cost-effectiveness of screening in never smokers. This report aims to outline current knowledge on risk factors for lung cancer in never smokers to propose research strategies for this topic and initiate a broader discussion on lung cancer screening of never smokers. Similar considerations can be made in current and ex-smokers, which do not fulfill the current screening inclusion criteria, but otherwise are at increased risk. Although screening of never smokers may in the future be effectively conducted, current evidence to support widespread implementation of this practice is lacking.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Kerpel-Fronius
- Országos Korányi Pulmonológiai Intézet, National Korányi Institute for Pulmonology, Budapest, Hungary.
| | - Martin Tammemägi
- Prevention and Cancer Control, Ontario Health (Cancer Care Ontario), Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Department of Health Sciences, Brock University, St. Catharines, Ontario, Canada
| | - Milena Cavic
- Department of Experimental Oncology, Institute of Oncology and Radiology of Serbia, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Claudia Henschke
- Department of Radiology, Icahn School of Medicine, Mount Sinai Hospital, New York, New York
| | - Long Jiang
- Shanghai Chest Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Ella Kazerooni
- Division of Cardiothoracic Radiology and Internal Medicine, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan; Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Choon-Taek Lee
- Division of Pulmonology and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea; Department of Internal Medicine and Respiratory Center, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, South Korea
| | - Luigi Ventura
- Thoracic Surgery, Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - Dawei Yang
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine and Critical Care, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Stephen Lam
- Department of Integrative Oncology, British Columbia Cancer Research Institute, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada; Department of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Rudolf M Huber
- Division of Respiratory Medicine and Thoracic Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine V Thoracic Oncology Centre Munich University of Munich-Campus Innenstadt Munich, Germany, member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL - CPC-M)
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24
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Huang H, Zhu J, Lin Y, Zhang Z, Liu J, Wang C, Wu H, Zou T. The potential diagnostic value of extracellular vesicle miRNA for human non-small cell lung cancer: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Expert Rev Mol Diagn 2021; 21:823-836. [PMID: 34043929 DOI: 10.1080/14737159.2021.1935883] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Background: This meta-analysis aimed to evaluate the diagnostic accuracy of extracellular vesicles (EV) miRNAs for non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC).Methods: All eligible studies were searched in an online database. Stata 15.0, Meta-disc 14.0 and Review Manager 5.2 software packages were used to perform all statistical analysis.Results: The analysis included 16 articles and 70 studies. Pooled sensitivity (SEN) and specificity (SPE), positive predictive value and negative predictive value were 0.77 (95% CI: 0.72-0.80), 0.83 (95% CI: 0.78-0.86), 0.88 (95% CI: 0.86-0.90) and 0.63 (95% CI: 0.58-0.68), respectively. The overall diagnostic odds ratio (DOR) was 16 (95% CI: 11-21) and the area under the curve (AUC) was 0.86 (95% CI: 0.83-0.89). 3 EV miRNAs could identify metastatic NSCLC from healthy, and 10 distinguish early-stage NSCLC. The respective targets of EV miR-21, miR-210, and miR-1290 could activate PI3K/AKT-related pathway.Conclusion: EV miRNAs had high diagnostic accuracy (AUC = 0.86) for NSCLC, especially metastatic NSCLC (AUC = 0.90), and early-stage NSCLC (AUC = 0.88). Besides, multitudinous EV miRNAs combined showed higher diagnostic value than alone. EV miR-21, miR-210, and miR-1290 might be associated with PI3K/AKT-related pathway and the valuable diagnostic biomarkers for NSCLC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hairong Huang
- Department of Child Health, Shunde Women and Children's Hospital of Guangdong Medical University (Maternity & Child Healthcare Hospital of Shunde Foshan), Foshan, China.,Dongguan Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine, School of Public Health, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, China
| | - Jinyuan Zhu
- Department of Child Health, Shunde Women and Children's Hospital of Guangdong Medical University (Maternity & Child Healthcare Hospital of Shunde Foshan), Foshan, China
| | - Yong Lin
- Department of Surgery, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University (Longjiang Hospital of Shunde District), Foshan, China
| | - Zhexiao Zhang
- Dongguan Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine, School of Public Health, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, China
| | - Jie Liu
- Dongguan Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine, School of Public Health, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, China
| | - Chenfei Wang
- Dongguan Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine, School of Public Health, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, China
| | - Hongfu Wu
- Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Regenerative Tissue Engineering, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, China
| | - Tangbin Zou
- Department of Child Health, Shunde Women and Children's Hospital of Guangdong Medical University (Maternity & Child Healthcare Hospital of Shunde Foshan), Foshan, China.,Dongguan Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine, School of Public Health, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, China
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25
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Tatischeff I. Current Search through Liquid Biopsy of Effective Biomarkers for Early Cancer Diagnosis into the Rich Cargoes of Extracellular Vesicles. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22115674. [PMID: 34073560 PMCID: PMC8199101 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22115674] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2021] [Revised: 05/05/2021] [Accepted: 05/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
There exist many different human cancers, but regardless of the cancer type, an early diagnosis is a necessary condition for further optimal outcomes from the disease. Therefore, efficient specific and sensitive cancer biomarkers are urgently needed. This is especially true for the cancers depicting a silent progression, and those only diagnosed in an already metastatic state with a poor survival prognostic. After a rapid overview of the previous methods for cancer diagnosis, the outstanding characteristics of extracellular vesicles (EVs) will be presented, as new interesting candidates for early cancer diagnosis in human biofluid non-invasive liquid biopsy. The present review aims to give the state-of-the-art of the numerous searches of efficient EV-mediated cancer diagnosis. The corresponding literature quest was performed by means of an original approach, using a powerful Expernova Questel big data platform, which was specifically adapted for a literature search on EVs. The chosen collected scientific papers are presented in two parts, the first one drawing up a picture of the current general status of EV-mediated cancer diagnosis and the second one showing recent applications of such EV-mediated diagnosis for six important human-specific cancers, i.e., lung, breast, prostate, colorectal, ovary and pancreatic cancers. However, the promising perspective of finally succeeding in the worldwide quest for the much-needed early cancer diagnosis has to be moderated by the many remaining challenges left to solve before achieving the efficient clinical translation of the constantly increasing scientific knowledge.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irène Tatischeff
- Honorary CNRS and UPMC Research Director, Founder of RevInterCell, a Scientific Consulting Service, 91400 Orsay, France
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26
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Wu Y, Zhang Y, Zhang X, Luo S, Yan X, Qiu Y, Zheng L, Li L. Research advances for exosomal miRNAs detection in biosensing: From the massive study to the individual study. Biosens Bioelectron 2021; 177:112962. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2020.112962] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2020] [Revised: 12/28/2020] [Accepted: 12/29/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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27
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Yang Y, Kannisto E, Patnaik SK, Reid ME, Li L, Wu Y. Ultrafast Detection of Exosomal RNAs via Cationic Lipoplex Nanoparticles in a Micromixer Biochip for Cancer Diagnosis. ACS APPLIED NANO MATERIALS 2021; 4:2806-2819. [PMID: 34849458 PMCID: PMC8628515 DOI: 10.1021/acsanm.0c03426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
Exosomes are cell-derived, nanosized extracellular vesicles for intercellular communication. Exosomal RNAs have been shown as one type of promising cancer liquid biopsy biomarkers. Conventional methods to characterize exosomal RNAs such as quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) are limited by low sensitivity, large sample consumption, time-consuming process, and high cost. Many technologies have been developed to overcome these challenges; however, many hours are still required to complete the assays, especially when exosome lysis and RNA extraction are required. We have developed a microfluidic cationic lipoplex nanoparticles (mCLN) assay that utilizes a micromixer biochip to allow for the effective capture of exosomes by cationic lipoplex nanoparticles and thus enables ultrafast and sensitive exosomal RNA detection for cancer diagnosis. The sensing performance and diagnostic performance of the mCLN assay were investigated using non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) as the disease model and exosomal microRNA-21 and TTF-1 mRNA as the biomarkers. The limits of detection of the mCLN assay were 2.06 × 109 and 3.71 × 109 exosomes/mL for microRNA-21 and TTF-1 mRNA, respectively, indicating that the mCLN assay may require as low as 1 μL of serum for exosomal RNA detection. The mCLN assay successfully distinguished NSCLC from normal controls by detecting significantly higher microRNA-21 and TTF-1 mRNA levels in exosomes from both NSCLC patient serum samples and A549 NSCLC cells than those from normal controls and BEAS-2B normal bronchial epithelial cells. Compared with conventional qRT-PCR assay, the mCLN assay showed a higher diagnostic accuracy in lung cancer, required less sample volume (30 vs 100 μL), and consumed much less time (10 min vs 4 h).
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunchen Yang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University at Buffalo, The State University of New York, Buffalo, New York 14260, United States
| | - Eric Kannisto
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, New York 14263, United States
| | - Santosh K Patnaik
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, New York 14263, United States
| | - Mary E Reid
- Department of Medicine, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, New York 14263, United States
| | - Lei Li
- School of Mechanical and Materials Engineering, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington 99164, United States
| | - Yun Wu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University at Buffalo, The State University of New York, Buffalo, New York 14260, United States
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28
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He X, Park S, Chen Y, Lee H. Extracellular Vesicle-Associated miRNAs as a Biomarker for Lung Cancer in Liquid Biopsy. Front Mol Biosci 2021; 8:630718. [PMID: 33718435 PMCID: PMC7943919 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2021.630718] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2020] [Accepted: 01/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles are cell-derived membranous vesicles that are secreted into biofluids. Emerging evidence suggests that EVs play an essential role in the pathogenesis of many diseases by transferring proteins, genetic material, and small signaling molecules between cells. Among these molecules, microRNAs (miRNAs), a type of small noncoding RNA, are one of the most important signals and are involved in various biological processes. Lung cancer is one of the leading causes of cancer-related deaths worldwide. Early diagnosis of lung cancer may help to reduce mortality and increase the 5 years survival rate and thereby reduce the associated socioeconomic burden. In the past, EV-miRNAs have been recognized as biomarkers of several cancers to assist in diagnosis or prognosis. In this review, we discuss recent findings and clinical practice for EV-miRNAs of lung cancer in several biofluids, including blood, bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF), and pleural lavage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue He
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Sujeong Park
- Department of Biology and Chemistry, Changwon National University, Changwon, Korea
| | - Yan Chen
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Heedoo Lee
- Department of Biology and Chemistry, Changwon National University, Changwon, Korea
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29
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Vicidomini G, Cascone R, Carlucci A, Fiorelli A, Di Domenico M, Santini M. Diagnostic and prognostic role of liquid biopsy in non-small cell lung cancer: evaluation of circulating biomarkers. EXPLORATION OF TARGETED ANTI-TUMOR THERAPY 2020; 1:343-354. [PMID: 36046486 PMCID: PMC9400689 DOI: 10.37349/etat.2020.00020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2020] [Accepted: 09/16/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Lung cancer is still one of the main causes of cancer-related death, together with prostate and colorectal cancers in males and breast and colorectal cancers in females. The prognosis for non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is strictly dependent on feasibility of a complete surgical resection of the tumor at diagnosis. Since surgery is indicated only in early stages tumors, it is necessary to anticipate the timing of diagnosis in clinical practice. In the diagnostic and therapeutic pathway for NSCLC, sampling of neoplastic tissue is usually obtained using invasive methods that are not free from disadvantages and complications. A valid alternative to the standard biopsy is the liquid biopsy (LB), that is, the analysis of samples from peripheral blood, urine, and other biological fluids, with a simple and non-invasive collection. In particular, it is possible to detect in the blood different tumor derivatives, such as cell-free DNA (cfDNA) with its subtype circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA), cell-free RNA (cfRNA), and circulating tumor cells (CTCs). Plasma-based testing seems to have several advantages over tumor tissue biopsy; firstly, it reduces medical costs, risk of complications related to invasive procedures, and turnaround times; moreover, the analysis of genes alteration, such as EGFR, ALK, ROS1, and BRAF is faster and safer with this method, compared to tissue biopsy. Despite all these advantages, the evidences in literatures indicate that assays performed on liquid biopsies have a low sensitivity, making them unsuitable for screening in lung cancer at the current state. This is caused by lack of standardization in sampling and preparation of specimen and by the low concentration of biomarkers in the bloodstream. Instead, routinely use of LB should be preferred in revaluation of patients with advanced NSCLC resistant to chemotherapy, due to onset of new mutations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giovanni Vicidomini
- Department of Translation Medicine, Thoracic Surgery Unit, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Roberto Cascone
- Department of Translation Medicine, Thoracic Surgery Unit, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Annalisa Carlucci
- Department of Translation Medicine, Thoracic Surgery Unit, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Alfonso Fiorelli
- Department of Translation Medicine, Thoracic Surgery Unit, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Marina Di Domenico
- Department of Precision Medicine, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Mario Santini
- Department of Translation Medicine, Thoracic Surgery Unit, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, 80131 Naples, Italy
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