1
|
Collins VJ, Ludwig KR, Nelson AE, Rajan SS, Yeung C, Vulikh K, Isanogle KA, Mendoza A, Difilippantonio S, Karim BO, Caplen NJ, Heske CM. Enhancing Standard of Care Chemotherapy Efficacy Using DNA-Dependent Protein Kinase (DNA-PK) Inhibition in Preclinical Models of Ewing Sarcoma. Mol Cancer Ther 2024; 23:1109-1123. [PMID: 38657228 PMCID: PMC11293986 DOI: 10.1158/1535-7163.mct-23-0641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2023] [Revised: 01/26/2024] [Accepted: 04/11/2024] [Indexed: 04/26/2024]
Abstract
Disruption of DNA damage repair via impaired homologous recombination is characteristic of Ewing sarcoma (EWS) cells. We hypothesize that this disruption results in increased reliance on nonhomologous end joining to repair DNA damage. In this study, we investigated if pharmacologic inhibition of the enzyme responsible for nonhomologous end joining, the DNA-PK holoenzyme, alters the response of EWS cells to genotoxic standard of care chemotherapy. We used analyses of cell viability and proliferation to investigate the effects of clinical DNA-PK inhibitors (DNA-PKi) in combination with six therapeutic or experimental agents for EWS. We performed calculations of synergy using the Loewe additivity model. Immunoblotting evaluated treatment effects on DNA-PK, DNA damage, and apoptosis. Flow cytometric analyses evaluated effects on cell cycle and fate. We used orthotopic xenograft models to interrogate tolerability, drug mechanism, and efficacy in vivo. DNA-PKi demonstrated on-target activity, reducing phosphorylated DNA-PK levels in EWS cells. DNA-PKi sensitized EWS cell lines to agents that function as topoisomerase 2 (TOP2) poisons and enhanced the DNA damage induced by TOP2 poisons. Nanomolar concentrations of single-agent TOP2 poisons induced G2M arrest and little apoptotic response while adding DNA-PKi-mediated apoptosis. In vivo, the combination of AZD7648 and etoposide had limited tolerability but resulted in enhanced DNA damage, apoptosis, and EWS tumor shrinkage. The combination of DNA-PKi with standard of care TOP2 poisons in EWS models is synergistic, enhances DNA damage and cell death, and may form the basis of a promising future therapeutic strategy for EWS.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Victor J. Collins
- Translational Sarcoma Biology Section, Pediatric Oncology Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Katelyn R. Ludwig
- Functional Genetics Section, Genetics Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Ariana E. Nelson
- Translational Sarcoma Biology Section, Pediatric Oncology Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Soumya Sundara Rajan
- Functional Genetics Section, Genetics Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Choh Yeung
- Translational Sarcoma Biology Section, Pediatric Oncology Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Ksenia Vulikh
- Molecular Histopathology Lab, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health
| | - Kristine A. Isanogle
- Laboratory Animal Sciences Program, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, Maryland
| | - Arnulfo Mendoza
- Translational Sarcoma Biology Section, Pediatric Oncology Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Simone Difilippantonio
- Laboratory Animal Sciences Program, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, Maryland
| | - Baktiar O. Karim
- Molecular Histopathology Lab, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health
| | - Natasha J. Caplen
- Functional Genetics Section, Genetics Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Christine M. Heske
- Translational Sarcoma Biology Section, Pediatric Oncology Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Mentzel J, Hildebrand LS, Kuhlmann L, Fietkau R, Distel LV. Effective Radiosensitization of HNSCC Cell Lines by DNA-PKcs Inhibitor AZD7648 and PARP Inhibitors Talazoparib and Niraparib. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:5629. [PMID: 38891817 PMCID: PMC11172136 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25115629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2024] [Revised: 05/16/2024] [Accepted: 05/19/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024] Open
Abstract
(1) Head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) is common, while treatment is difficult, and mortality is high. Kinase inhibitors are promising to enhance the effects of radiotherapy. We compared the effects of the PARP inhibitors talazoparib and niraparib and that of the DNA-PKcs inhibitor AZD7648, combined with ionizing radiation. (2) Seven HNSCC cell lines, including Cal33, CLS-354, Detroit 562, HSC4, RPMI2650 (HPV-negative), UD-SCC-2 and UM-SCC-47 (HPV-positive), and two healthy fibroblast cell lines, SBLF8 and SBLF9, were studied. Flow cytometry was used to analyze apoptosis and necrosis induction (AnnexinV/7AAD) and cell cycle distribution (Hoechst). Cell inactivation was studied by the colony-forming assay. (3) AZD7648 had the strongest effects, radiosensitizing all HNSCC cell lines, almost always in a supra-additive manner. Talazoparib and niraparib were effective in both HPV-positive cell lines but only consistently in one and two HPV-negative cell lines, respectively. Healthy fibroblasts were not affected by any combined treatment in apoptosis and necrosis induction or G2/M-phase arrest. AZD7648 alone was not toxic to healthy fibroblasts, while the combination with ionizing radiation reduced clonogenicity. (4) In conclusion, talazoparib, niraparib and, most potently, AZD7648 could improve radiation therapy in HNSCC. Healthy fibroblasts tolerated AZD7648 alone extremely well, but irradiation-induced effects might occur. Our results justify in vivo studies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jacob Mentzel
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), 91054 Erlangen, Germany; (J.M.); (L.S.H.); (L.K.); (R.F.)
- Comprehensive Cancer Center Erlangen-Europäische Metropolregion Nürnberg (CCC ER-EMN), 91054 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Laura S. Hildebrand
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), 91054 Erlangen, Germany; (J.M.); (L.S.H.); (L.K.); (R.F.)
- Comprehensive Cancer Center Erlangen-Europäische Metropolregion Nürnberg (CCC ER-EMN), 91054 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Lukas Kuhlmann
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), 91054 Erlangen, Germany; (J.M.); (L.S.H.); (L.K.); (R.F.)
- Comprehensive Cancer Center Erlangen-Europäische Metropolregion Nürnberg (CCC ER-EMN), 91054 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Rainer Fietkau
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), 91054 Erlangen, Germany; (J.M.); (L.S.H.); (L.K.); (R.F.)
- Comprehensive Cancer Center Erlangen-Europäische Metropolregion Nürnberg (CCC ER-EMN), 91054 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Luitpold V. Distel
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), 91054 Erlangen, Germany; (J.M.); (L.S.H.); (L.K.); (R.F.)
- Comprehensive Cancer Center Erlangen-Europäische Metropolregion Nürnberg (CCC ER-EMN), 91054 Erlangen, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Taffoni C, Schüssler M, Vila IK, Laguette N. Harnessing the cooperation between DNA-PK and cGAS in cancer therapies: The cooperation between DNA-PK and cGAS shapes tumour immunogenicity. Bioessays 2023; 45:e2300045. [PMID: 37147791 DOI: 10.1002/bies.202300045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2023] [Revised: 04/20/2023] [Accepted: 04/24/2023] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
The cyclic GMP-AMP synthase-stimulator of interferon genes (cGAS-STING) pathway is central for the initiation of anti-tumoural immune responses. Enormous effort has been made to optimise the design and administration of STING agonists to stimulate tumour immunogenicity. However, in certain contexts the cGAS-STING axis fuels tumourigenesis. Here, we review recent findings on the regulation of cGAS expression and activity. We particularly focus our attention on the DNA-dependent protein kinase (DNA-PK) complex, that recently emerged as an activator of inflammatory responses in tumour cells. We propose that stratification analyses on cGAS and DNA-PK expression/activation status should be carried out to predict treatment efficacy. We herein also provide insights into non-canonical functions borne by cGAS and cGAMP, highlighting how they may influence tumourigenesis. All these parameters should be taken into consideration concertedly to choose strategies aiming to effectively boost tumour immunogenicity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Clara Taffoni
- IGMM, Université de Montpellier, CNRS, Montpellier, France
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
4
|
Li WH, Wang F, Song GY, Yu QH, Du RP, Xu P. PARP-1: a critical regulator in radioprotection and radiotherapy-mechanisms, challenges, and therapeutic opportunities. Front Pharmacol 2023; 14:1198948. [PMID: 37351512 PMCID: PMC10283042 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2023.1198948] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2023] [Accepted: 05/22/2023] [Indexed: 06/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Since its discovery, poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase 1 (PARP-1) has been extensively studied due to its regulatory role in numerous biologically crucial pathways. PARP inhibitors have opened new therapeutic avenues for cancer patients and have gained approval as standalone treatments for certain types of cancer. With continued advancements in the research of PARP inhibitors, we can fully realize their potential as therapeutic targets for various diseases. Purpose: To assess the current understanding of PARP-1 mechanisms in radioprotection and radiotherapy based on the literature. Methods: We searched the PubMed database and summarized information on PARP inhibitors, the interaction of PARP-1 with DNA, and the relationships between PARP-1 and p53/ROS, NF-κB/DNA-PK, and caspase3/AIF, respectively. Results: The enzyme PARP-1 plays a crucial role in repairing DNA damage and modifying proteins. Cells exposed to radiation can experience DNA damage, such as single-, intra-, or inter-strand damage. This damage, associated with replication fork stagnation, triggers DNA repair mechanisms, including those involving PARP-1. The activity of PARP-1 increases 500-fold on DNA binding. Studies on PARP-1-knockdown mice have shown that the protein regulates the response to radiation. A lack of PARP-1 also increases the organism's sensitivity to radiation injury. PARP-1 has been found positively or negatively regulate the expression of specific genes through its modulation of key transcription factors and other molecules, including NF-κB, p53, Caspase 3, reactive oxygen species (ROS), and apoptosis-inducing factor (AIF). Conclusion: This review provides a comprehensive analysis of the physiological and pathological roles of PARP-1 and examines the impact of PARP-1 inhibitors under conditions of ionizing radiation exposure. The review also emphasizes the challenges and opportunities for developing PARP-1 inhibitors to improve the clinical outcomes of ionizing radiation damage.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Hao Li
- School of Food and Biomedicine, Zaozhuang University, Zaozhuang, Shandong, China
| | - Fei Wang
- School of Food and Biomedicine, Zaozhuang University, Zaozhuang, Shandong, China
| | - Gui-Yuan Song
- School of Public Health, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, Shandong, China
| | - Qing-Hua Yu
- School of Public Health, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, Shandong, China
| | - Rui-Peng Du
- School of Food and Biomedicine, Zaozhuang University, Zaozhuang, Shandong, China
| | - Ping Xu
- School of Food and Biomedicine, Zaozhuang University, Zaozhuang, Shandong, China
- School of Public Health, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, Shandong, China
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
DNA Damage Response Mechanisms in Head and Neck Cancer: Significant Implications for Therapy and Survival. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24032760. [PMID: 36769087 PMCID: PMC9917521 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24032760] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2022] [Revised: 01/27/2023] [Accepted: 01/29/2023] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Head and neck cancer (HNC) is a term collectively used to describe a heterogeneous group of tumors that arise in the oral cavity, larynx, nasopharynx, oropharynx, and hypopharynx, and represents the sixth most common type of malignancy worldwide. Despite advances in multimodality treatment, the disease has a recurrence rate of around 50%, and the prognosis of metastatic patients remains poor. HNCs are characterized by a high degree of genomic instability, which involves a vicious circle of accumulating DNA damage, defective DNA damage repair (DDR), and replication stress. Nonetheless, the damage that is induced on tumor cells by chemo and radiotherapy relies on defective DDR processes for a successful response to treatment, and may play an important role in the development of novel and more effective therapies. This review summarizes the current knowledge on the genes and proteins that appear to be deregulated in DDR pathways, their implication in HNC pathogenesis, and the rationale behind targeting these genes and pathways for the development of new therapies. We give particular emphasis on the therapeutic targets that have shown promising results at the pre-clinical stage and on those that have so far been associated with a therapeutic advantage in the clinical setting.
Collapse
|
6
|
Lei H, He A, Jiang Y, Ruan M, Han N. Targeting DNA damage response as a potential therapeutic strategy for head and neck squamous cell carcinoma. Front Oncol 2022; 12:1031944. [PMID: 36338767 PMCID: PMC9634729 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.1031944] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2022] [Accepted: 10/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Cells experience both endogenous and exogenous DNA damage daily. To maintain genome integrity and suppress tumorigenesis, individuals have evolutionarily acquired a series of repair functions, termed DNA damage response (DDR), to repair DNA damage and ensure the accurate transmission of genetic information. Defects in DNA damage repair pathways may lead to various diseases, including tumors. Accumulating evidence suggests that alterations in DDR-related genes, such as somatic or germline mutations, single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), and promoter methylation, are closely related to the occurrence, development, and treatment of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC). Despite recent advances in surgery combined with radiotherapy, chemotherapy, or immunotherapy, there has been no substantial improvement in the survival rate of patients with HNSCC. Therefore, targeting DNA repair pathways may be a promising treatment for HNSCC. In this review, we summarized the sources of DNA damage and DNA damage repair pathways. Further, the role of DNA damage repair pathways in the development of HNSCC and the application of small molecule inhibitors targeting these pathways in the treatment of HNSCC were focused.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Huimin Lei
- School of Stomatology, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, China
| | - Ading He
- School of Stomatology, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, China
| | - Yingying Jiang
- School of Stomatology, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, China
| | - Min Ruan
- School of Stomatology, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, China
- Department of Oral Maxillofacio-Head and Neck Oncology, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, College of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Shanghai Research Institute of Stomatology, National Center for Stomatology, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Shanghai, China
| | - Nannan Han
- School of Stomatology, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, China
- Department of Oral Maxillofacio-Head and Neck Oncology, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, College of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Monge-Cadet J, Moyal E, Supiot S, Guimas V. DNA repair inhibitors and radiotherapy. Cancer Radiother 2022; 26:947-954. [PMID: 35987813 DOI: 10.1016/j.canrad.2022.06.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2022] [Accepted: 06/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Radiotherapy (RT) is one of the main cancer treatments and grows in importance due to improved techniques. DNA damage caused by ionizing radiation creates DNA strand breaks that trigger an intervention of DNA repair pathways involving numerous proteins and enzymes. In recent years, we have identified DNA repair inhibitors as targets for inhibiting cellular repair systems and thus causing cell death. Combining RT with these DNA repair inhibitors appears to be a new approach for cancer treatment, but safety and real efficiency of this combination in practice is unclear. Numerous trials are underway in various diseases and initial results are promising overall, yet remain controversial.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- J Monge-Cadet
- Radiothérapie, institut universitaire du cancer de Toulouse, 1, avenue Irène-Joliot-Curie, 31100 Toulouse, France.
| | - E Moyal
- Radiothérapie, institut universitaire du cancer de Toulouse, 1, avenue Irène-Joliot-Curie, 31100 Toulouse, France
| | - S Supiot
- Radiothérapie, institut de cancérologie de l'Ouest, boulevard Professeur Jacques-Monod, 44800 Saint-Herblain, France
| | - V Guimas
- Radiothérapie, institut de cancérologie de l'Ouest, boulevard Professeur Jacques-Monod, 44800 Saint-Herblain, France
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Zhang L, Zhuang Y, Tu G, Li D, Fan Y, Ye S, Xu J, Zheng M, Wu Y, Wu L. Positive Feedback Regulation of Poly(ADP-ribose) Polymerase 1 and the DNA-PK Catalytic Subunit Affects the Sensitivity of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma to Etoposide. ACS OMEGA 2022; 7:2571-2582. [PMID: 35097256 PMCID: PMC8793086 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.1c04379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2021] [Accepted: 12/24/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Etoposide (VP-16) is used for the treatment of various cancers, including nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC); however, cancers develop resistance to this agent by promoting DNA repair. The DNA-PK (DNA-PKcs) catalytic subunit and poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase 1 (PARP1) mediate acquired resistance and poor survival in NPC cells exposed to DNA damaging agents. DNA repair can alter the sensitivity of NPC cells to DNA damaging agents, and these two enzymes function concomitantly in response to DNA damage in vivo. Therefore, we explored the relationship between DNA-PKcs and PARP1, which may affect NPC cell survival by regulating DNA repair after VP-16 treatment. We performed quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction, western blotting, and enzyme-linked immunoassays and found that DNA-PKcs knockdown downregulated the PARP1 and PAR expression. Conversely, PARP1 knockdown reduced DNA-PKcs activity, indicating the mutual regulation between DNA-PKcs and PARP1 in VP-16-induced DNA repair. Moreover, a combination treatment with olaparib (a PARP1 inhibitor) and NU7441 (a DNA-PKcs inhibitor) sensitized NPC cells to VP-16 in vitro and in vivo, suggesting that the combined treatment of olaparib, NU7441, and a DNA-damaging agent may be a successful treatment regimen in patients with NPC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lingyu Zhang
- Fujian
Medical University Cancer Hospital, Fujian
Cancer Hospital, Fuzhou 350001, China
- Fujian
Key Laboratory of Translational Cancer Medicine, Fuzhou 350001, China
- Department
of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Fujian
Medical University (FMU), Fuzhou 350005, P. R.
China
- Fujian
Key Laboratory of Natural Medicine Pharmacology, Fujian Medical University (FMU), Fuzhou 350005, P. R. China
| | - Yingting Zhuang
- Department
of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Fujian
Medical University (FMU), Fuzhou 350005, P. R.
China
| | - Guihui Tu
- Department
of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Fujian
Medical University (FMU), Fuzhou 350005, P. R.
China
| | - Ding Li
- Department
of Pharmacy, Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Henan Cancer Hospital, Zhengzhou 450008, P. R. China
| | - Yingjuan Fan
- Department
of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Fujian
Medical University (FMU), Fuzhou 350005, P. R.
China
| | - Shengnan Ye
- The First
Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350004, China
| | - Jianhua Xu
- Department
of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Fujian
Medical University (FMU), Fuzhou 350005, P. R.
China
- Fujian
Key Laboratory of Natural Medicine Pharmacology, Fujian Medical University (FMU), Fuzhou 350005, P. R. China
- Institute
of Materia Medical, Fujian Medical University
(FMU), Fuzhou 350005, P. R. China
| | - Ming Zheng
- Fujian
Key Laboratory of Natural Medicine Pharmacology, Fujian Medical University (FMU), Fuzhou 350005, P. R. China
| | - Ying Wu
- Key
Laboratory of Natural Drug Pharmacology in Fujian Province, School
of Pharmacy, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350122, P. R. China
| | - Lixian Wu
- Department
of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Fujian
Medical University (FMU), Fuzhou 350005, P. R.
China
- Fujian
Key Laboratory of Natural Medicine Pharmacology, Fujian Medical University (FMU), Fuzhou 350005, P. R. China
- Institute
of Materia Medical, Fujian Medical University
(FMU), Fuzhou 350005, P. R. China
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Sazonova EV, Petrichuk SV, Kopeina GS, Zhivotovsky B. A link between mitotic defects and mitotic catastrophe: detection and cell fate. Biol Direct 2021; 16:25. [PMID: 34886882 PMCID: PMC8656038 DOI: 10.1186/s13062-021-00313-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2021] [Accepted: 11/14/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Although the phenomenon of mitotic catastrophe was first described more than 80 years ago, only recently has this term been used to explain a mechanism of cell death linked to delayed mitosis. Several mechanisms have been suggested for mitotic catastrophe development and cell fate. Depending on molecular perturbations, mitotic catastrophe can end in three types of cell death, namely apoptosis, necrosis, or autophagy. Moreover, mitotic catastrophe can be associated with different types of cell aging, the development of which negatively affects tumor elimination and, consequently, reduces the therapeutic effect. The effective triggering of mitotic catastrophe in clinical practice requires induction of DNA damage as well as inhibition of the molecular pathways that regulate cell cycle arrest and DNA repair. Here we discuss various methods to detect mitotic catastrophe, the mechanisms of its development, and the attempts to use this phenomenon in cancer treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Elena V Sazonova
- Faculty of Medicine, MV Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia, 119991
| | - Svetlana V Petrichuk
- Federal State Autonomous Institution "National Medical Research Center for Children's Health" of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Moscow, Russia, 119296
| | - Gelina S Kopeina
- Faculty of Medicine, MV Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia, 119991.
| | - Boris Zhivotovsky
- Faculty of Medicine, MV Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia, 119991.
- Division of Toxicology, Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institute, Box 210, 17177, Stockholm, Sweden.
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Soltan OM, Shoman ME, Abdel-Aziz SA, Narumi A, Konno H, Abdel-Aziz M. Molecular hybrids: A five-year survey on structures of multiple targeted hybrids of protein kinase inhibitors for cancer therapy. Eur J Med Chem 2021; 225:113768. [PMID: 34450497 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2021.113768] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2021] [Revised: 07/23/2021] [Accepted: 08/08/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Protein kinases have grown over the past few years as a crucial target for different cancer types. With the multifactorial nature of cancer, and the fast development of drug resistance for conventional chemotherapeutics, a strategy for designing multi-target agents was suggested to potentially increase drug efficacy, minimize side effects and retain the proper pharmacokinetic properties. Kinase inhibitors were used extensively in such strategy. Different kinase inhibitor agents which target EGFR, VEGFR, c-Met, CDK, PDK and other targets were merged into hybrids with conventional chemotherapeutics such as tubulin polymerization and topoisomerase inhibitors. Other hybrids were designed gathering kinase inhibitors with targeted cancer therapy such as HDAC, PARP, HSP 90 inhibitors. Nitric oxide donor molecules were also merged with kinase inhibitors for cancer therapy. The current review presents the hybrids designed in the past five years discussing their design principles, results and highlights their future perspectives.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Osama M Soltan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Al-Azhar University, Assiut Branch, Assiut, 71524, Egypt
| | - Mai E Shoman
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Minia University, 61519, Minia, Egypt.
| | - Salah A Abdel-Aziz
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Al-Azhar University, Assiut Branch, Assiut, 71524, Egypt; Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Deraya University, 61111, Minia, Egypt
| | - Atsushi Narumi
- Department of Organic Materials Science, Graduate School of Organic Materials Science, Yamagata University, Jonan 4-3-16, Yonezawa, 992-8510, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Konno
- Department of Biological Engineering, Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Yamagata University, Jonan 4-3-16, Yonezawa, 992-8510, Japan
| | - Mohamed Abdel-Aziz
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Minia University, 61519, Minia, Egypt.
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Perše M. Cisplatin Mouse Models: Treatment, Toxicity and Translatability. Biomedicines 2021; 9:biomedicines9101406. [PMID: 34680523 PMCID: PMC8533586 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines9101406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2021] [Revised: 09/26/2021] [Accepted: 10/05/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Cisplatin is one of the most widely used chemotherapeutic drugs in the treatment of a wide range of pediatric and adult malignances. However, it has various side effects which limit its use. Cisplatin mouse models are widely used in studies investigating cisplatin therapeutic and toxic effects. However, despite numerous promising results, no significant improvement in treatment outcome has been achieved in humans. There are many drawbacks in the currently used cisplatin protocols in mice. In the paper, the most characterized cisplatin protocols are summarized together with weaknesses that need to be improved in future studies, including hydration and supportive care. As demonstrated, mice respond to cisplatin treatment in similar ways to humans. The paper thus aims to illustrate the complexity of cisplatin side effects (nephrotoxicity, gastrointestinal toxicity, neurotoxicity, ototoxicity and myelotoxicity) and the interconnectedness and interdependence of pathomechanisms among tissues and organs in a dose- and time-dependent manner. The paper offers knowledge that can help design future studies more efficiently and interpret study outcomes more critically. If we want to understand molecular mechanisms and find therapeutic agents that would have a potential benefit in clinics, we need to change our approach and start to treat animals as patients and not as tools.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Martina Perše
- Medical Experimental Centre, Institute of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Spitzner M, Emons G, Schütz KB, Wolff HA, Rieken S, Ghadimi BM, Schneider G, Grade M. Inhibition of Wnt/β-Catenin Signaling Sensitizes Esophageal Cancer Cells to Chemoradiotherapy. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms221910301. [PMID: 34638639 PMCID: PMC8509072 DOI: 10.3390/ijms221910301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2021] [Revised: 09/18/2021] [Accepted: 09/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The standard treatment of locally advanced esophageal cancer comprises multimodal treatment concepts including preoperative chemoradiotherapy (CRT) followed by radical surgical resection. However, despite intensified treatment approaches, 5-year survival rates are still low. Therefore, new strategies are required to overcome treatment resistance, and to improve patients’ outcome. In this study, we investigated the impact of Wnt/β-catenin signaling on CRT resistance in esophageal cancer cells. Experiments were conducted in adenocarcinoma and squamous cell carcinoma cell lines with varying expression levels of Wnt proteins and Wnt/β-catenin signaling activities. To investigate the effect of Wnt/β-catenin signaling on CRT responsiveness, we genetically or pharmacologically inhibited Wnt/β-catenin signaling. Our experiments revealed that inhibition of Wnt/β-catenin signaling sensitizes cell lines with robust pathway activity to CRT. In conclusion, Wnt/β-catenin activity may guide precision therapies in esophageal carcinoma patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Melanie Spitzner
- Department of General, Visceral and Pediatric Surgery, University Medical Center Goettingen, 37075 Goettingen, Germany; (M.S.); (G.E.); (K.B.S.); (B.M.G.); (G.S.)
| | - Georg Emons
- Department of General, Visceral and Pediatric Surgery, University Medical Center Goettingen, 37075 Goettingen, Germany; (M.S.); (G.E.); (K.B.S.); (B.M.G.); (G.S.)
| | - Karl Burkhard Schütz
- Department of General, Visceral and Pediatric Surgery, University Medical Center Goettingen, 37075 Goettingen, Germany; (M.S.); (G.E.); (K.B.S.); (B.M.G.); (G.S.)
- Department of Urology and Andrology, Sankt Georg Medical Centre and Hospital, 04129 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Hendrik A. Wolff
- Department of Radiotherapy and Radiooncology, University Medical Center Goettingen, 37075 Goettingen, Germany; (H.A.W.); (S.R.)
- Department of Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and Radiotherapy, Radiology Munich, 80331 Munich, Germany
| | - Stefan Rieken
- Department of Radiotherapy and Radiooncology, University Medical Center Goettingen, 37075 Goettingen, Germany; (H.A.W.); (S.R.)
| | - B. Michael Ghadimi
- Department of General, Visceral and Pediatric Surgery, University Medical Center Goettingen, 37075 Goettingen, Germany; (M.S.); (G.E.); (K.B.S.); (B.M.G.); (G.S.)
| | - Günter Schneider
- Department of General, Visceral and Pediatric Surgery, University Medical Center Goettingen, 37075 Goettingen, Germany; (M.S.); (G.E.); (K.B.S.); (B.M.G.); (G.S.)
| | - Marian Grade
- Department of General, Visceral and Pediatric Surgery, University Medical Center Goettingen, 37075 Goettingen, Germany; (M.S.); (G.E.); (K.B.S.); (B.M.G.); (G.S.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +49-551-39-67809
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
van Harten AM, Brakenhoff RH. Targeted Treatment of Head and Neck (Pre)Cancer: Preclinical Target Identification and Development of Novel Therapeutic Applications. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:2774. [PMID: 34204886 PMCID: PMC8199752 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13112774] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2021] [Revised: 05/27/2021] [Accepted: 05/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Head and neck squamous cell carcinomas (HNSCC) develop in the mucosal lining of the upper-aerodigestive tract. In carcinogen-induced HNSCC, tumors emerge from premalignant mucosal changes characterized by tumor-associated genetic alterations, also coined as 'fields' that are occasionally visible as leukoplakia or erythroplakia lesions but are mostly invisible. Consequently, HNSCC is generally diagnosed de novo at more advanced stages in about 70% of new diagnosis. Despite intense multimodality treatment protocols, the overall 5-years survival rate is 50-60% for patients with advanced stage of disease and seems to have reached a plateau. Of notable concern is the lack of further improvement in prognosis despite advances in treatment. This can be attributed to the late clinical presentation, failure of advanced HNSCC to respond to treatment, the deficit of effective targeted therapies to eradicate tumors and precancerous changes, and the lack of suitable markers for screening and personalized therapy. The molecular landscape of head and neck cancer has been elucidated in great detail, but the absence of oncogenic mutations hampers the identification of druggable targets for therapy to improve outcome of HNSCC. Currently, functional genomic approaches are being explored to identify potential therapeutic targets. Identification and validation of essential genes for both HNSCC and oral premalignancies, accompanied with biomarkers for therapy response, are being investigated. Attentive diagnosis and targeted therapy of the preceding oral premalignant (preHNSCC) changes may prevent the development of tumors. As classic oncogene addiction through activating mutations is not a realistic concept for treatment of HNSCC, synthetic lethality and collateral lethality need to be exploited, next to immune therapies. In recent studies it was shown that cell cycle regulation and DNA damage response pathways become significantly altered in HNSCC causing replication stress, which is an avenue that deserves further exploitation as an HNSCC vulnerability for treatment. The focus of this review is to summarize the current literature on the preclinical identification of potential druggable targets for therapy of (pre)HNSCC, emerging from the variety of gene knockdown and knockout strategies, and the testing of targeted inhibitors. We will conclude with a future perspective on targeted therapy of HNSCC and premalignant changes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anne M. van Harten
- Cancer Center Amsterdam, Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Tumor Biology & Immunology Section, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam UMC, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands; or
- Sidney Kimmel Cancer Center, Department of Cancer Biology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA 19107, USA
| | - Ruud H. Brakenhoff
- Cancer Center Amsterdam, Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Tumor Biology & Immunology Section, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam UMC, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands; or
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Carr RM, Jin Z, Hubbard J. Research on Anal Squamous Cell Carcinoma: Systemic Therapy Strategies for Anal Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13092180. [PMID: 34062753 PMCID: PMC8125190 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13092180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2021] [Accepted: 04/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Anal cancer is rare with an estimated 9000 new cases predicted to occur in the United States in 2021. However, rates of new anal cancer cases and deaths from the disease are increasing by about 2% and 3% per year respectively. In light of these trends it is critical to better understand the nature of this disease and progress in its management. The present review focuses on the history and development of the role of systemic therapy in the treatment of anal cancer. Major trials establishing the role of chemotherapy in the management of locoregional and metastatic anal cancer are summarized. In addition, the rapidly evolving role of immunotherapy is discussed. Finally, major insights into the molecular pathobiology of anal cancer and opportunities for advancement in precision medicine in treatment of the disease. Abstract Anal squamous cell carcinoma (ASCC) is a rare malignancy, with most cases associated with human papilloma virus and an increased incidence in immunocompromised patients. Progress in management of ASCC has been limited not only due to its rarity, but also the associated lack of research funding and social stigma. Historically, standard of care for invasive ASCC has been highly morbid surgical resection, requiring a permanent colostomy. Surgery was associated with disease recurrence in approximately half of the patients. However, the use of chemotherapy (5-fluorouracil and mitomycin C) concomitantly with radiation in the 1970s resulted in disease regression, curing a subset of patients and sparing them from morbid surgery. Validation of the use of systemic therapy in prospective trials was not achieved until approximately 20 years later. In this review, advancements and shortcomings in the use of systemic therapy in the management of ASCC will be discussed. Not only will standard-of-care systemic therapies for locoregional and metastatic disease be reviewed, but the evolving role of novel treatment strategies such as immune checkpoint inhibitors, HPV-based vaccines, and molecularly targeted therapies will also be covered. While advances in ASCC treatment have remained largely incremental, with increased biological insight, an increasing number of promising systemic treatment modalities are being explored.
Collapse
|