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Mohammadi E, Dashti S, Shafizade N, Jin H, Zhang C, Lam S, Tahmoorespur M, Mardinoglu A, Sekhavati MH. Drug repositioning for immunotherapy in breast cancer using single-cell analysis. NPJ Syst Biol Appl 2024; 10:37. [PMID: 38589404 PMCID: PMC11001976 DOI: 10.1038/s41540-024-00359-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2023] [Accepted: 03/13/2024] [Indexed: 04/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Immunomodulatory peptides, while exhibiting potential antimicrobial, antifungal, and/or antiviral properties, can play a role in stimulating or suppressing the immune system, especially in pathological conditions like breast cancer (BC). Thus, deregulation of these peptides may serve as an immunotherapeutic strategy to enhance the immune response. In this meta-analysis, we utilized single-cell RNA sequencing data and known therapeutic peptides to investigate the deregulation of these peptides in malignant versus normal human breast epithelial cells. We corroborated our findings at the chromatin level using ATAC-seq. Additionally, we assessed the protein levels in various BC cell lines. Moreover, our in-house drug repositioning approach was employed to identify potential drugs that could positively impact the relapse-free survival of BC patients. Considering significantly deregulated therapeutic peptides and their role in BC pathology, our approach aims to downregulate B2M and SLPI, while upregulating PIGR, DEFB1, LTF, CLU, S100A7, and SCGB2A1 in BC epithelial cells through our drug repositioning pipeline. Leveraging the LINCS L1000 database, we propose BRD-A06641369 for B2M downregulation and ST-4070043 and BRD-K97926541 for SLPI downregulation without negatively affecting the MHC complex as a significantly correlated pathway with these two genes. Furthermore, we have compiled a comprehensive list of drugs for the upregulation of other selected immunomodulatory peptides. Employing an immunotherapeutic approach by integrating our drug repositioning pipeline with single-cell analysis, we proposed potential drugs and drug targets to fortify the immune system against BC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elyas Mohammadi
- Division of Neurogeriatrics, Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.
- Department of Animal Science, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran.
| | - Samira Dashti
- Department of Internal Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Science, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Neda Shafizade
- Department of Internal Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Science, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Han Jin
- Science for Life Laboratory, KTH-Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Cheng Zhang
- Science for Life Laboratory, KTH-Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Simon Lam
- Cancer Research UK Cambridge Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | | | - Adil Mardinoglu
- Science for Life Laboratory, KTH-Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, Sweden
- Centre for Host-Microbiome Interactions, Faculty of Dentistry, Oral & Craniofacial Sciences, King's College London, London, UK
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2
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Kalló G, Bertalan PM, Márton I, Kiss C, Csősz É. Salivary Chemical Barrier Proteins in Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma-Alterations in the Defense Mechanism of the Oral Cavity. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:13657. [PMID: 37686462 PMCID: PMC10487546 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241713657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2023] [Revised: 08/28/2023] [Accepted: 09/01/2023] [Indexed: 09/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) is one of the most frequent types of head and neck cancer. Despite the genetic and environmental risk factors, OSCC is also associated with microbial infections and/or dysbiosis. The secreted saliva serves as the chemical barrier of the oral cavity and, since OSCC can alter the protein composition of saliva, our aim was to analyze the effect of OSCC on the salivary chemical barrier proteins. Publicly available datasets regarding the analysis of salivary proteins from patients with OSCC and controls were collected and examined in order to identify differentially expressed chemical barrier proteins. Network analysis and gene ontology (GO) classification of the differentially expressed chemical barrier proteins were performed as well. One hundred and twenty-seven proteins showing different expression pattern between the OSCC and control groups were found. Protein-protein interaction networks of up- and down-regulated proteins were constructed and analyzed. The main hub proteins (IL-6, IL-1B, IL-8, TNF, APOA1, APOA2, APOB, APOC3, APOE, and HP) were identified and the enriched GO terms were examined. Our study highlighted the importance of the chemical barrier of saliva in the development of OSCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gergő Kalló
- Proteomics Core Facility, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Egyetem tér 1, 4032 Debrecen, Hungary; (P.M.B.); (I.M.); (É.C.)
- Biomarker Research Group, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Egyetem tér 1, 4032 Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Petra Magdolna Bertalan
- Proteomics Core Facility, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Egyetem tér 1, 4032 Debrecen, Hungary; (P.M.B.); (I.M.); (É.C.)
- Biomarker Research Group, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Egyetem tér 1, 4032 Debrecen, Hungary
- Doctoral School of Molecular Cell and Immune Biology, University of Debrecen, Egyetem tér 1, 4032 Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Ildikó Márton
- Proteomics Core Facility, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Egyetem tér 1, 4032 Debrecen, Hungary; (P.M.B.); (I.M.); (É.C.)
| | - Csongor Kiss
- Division of Pediatric Hematology-Oncology, Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Nagyerdei krt. 98, 4032 Debrecen, Hungary;
| | - Éva Csősz
- Proteomics Core Facility, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Egyetem tér 1, 4032 Debrecen, Hungary; (P.M.B.); (I.M.); (É.C.)
- Biomarker Research Group, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Egyetem tér 1, 4032 Debrecen, Hungary
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3
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Kanemaru K, Cranley J, Muraro D, Miranda AMA, Ho SY, Wilbrey-Clark A, Patrick Pett J, Polanski K, Richardson L, Litvinukova M, Kumasaka N, Qin Y, Jablonska Z, Semprich CI, Mach L, Dabrowska M, Richoz N, Bolt L, Mamanova L, Kapuge R, Barnett SN, Perera S, Talavera-López C, Mulas I, Mahbubani KT, Tuck L, Wang L, Huang MM, Prete M, Pritchard S, Dark J, Saeb-Parsy K, Patel M, Clatworthy MR, Hübner N, Chowdhury RA, Noseda M, Teichmann SA. Spatially resolved multiomics of human cardiac niches. Nature 2023; 619:801-810. [PMID: 37438528 PMCID: PMC10371870 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-023-06311-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 42.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2022] [Accepted: 06/12/2023] [Indexed: 07/14/2023]
Abstract
The function of a cell is defined by its intrinsic characteristics and its niche: the tissue microenvironment in which it dwells. Here we combine single-cell and spatial transcriptomics data to discover cellular niches within eight regions of the human heart. We map cells to microanatomical locations and integrate knowledge-based and unsupervised structural annotations. We also profile the cells of the human cardiac conduction system1. The results revealed their distinctive repertoire of ion channels, G-protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) and regulatory networks, and implicated FOXP2 in the pacemaker phenotype. We show that the sinoatrial node is compartmentalized, with a core of pacemaker cells, fibroblasts and glial cells supporting glutamatergic signalling. Using a custom CellPhoneDB.org module, we identify trans-synaptic pacemaker cell interactions with glia. We introduce a druggable target prediction tool, drug2cell, which leverages single-cell profiles and drug-target interactions to provide mechanistic insights into the chronotropic effects of drugs, including GLP-1 analogues. In the epicardium, we show enrichment of both IgG+ and IgA+ plasma cells forming immune niches that may contribute to infection defence. Overall, we provide new clarity to cardiac electro-anatomy and immunology, and our suite of computational approaches can be applied to other tissues and organs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazumasa Kanemaru
- Wellcome Sanger Institute, Wellcome Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge, UK
| | - James Cranley
- Wellcome Sanger Institute, Wellcome Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge, UK
| | - Daniele Muraro
- Wellcome Sanger Institute, Wellcome Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge, UK
| | | | - Siew Yen Ho
- Cardiac Morphology Unit, Royal Brompton Hospital and Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Anna Wilbrey-Clark
- Wellcome Sanger Institute, Wellcome Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge, UK
| | - Jan Patrick Pett
- Wellcome Sanger Institute, Wellcome Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge, UK
| | - Krzysztof Polanski
- Wellcome Sanger Institute, Wellcome Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge, UK
| | - Laura Richardson
- Wellcome Sanger Institute, Wellcome Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge, UK
| | - Monika Litvinukova
- Wellcome Sanger Institute, Wellcome Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge, UK
- Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association (MDC), Berlin, Germany
| | - Natsuhiko Kumasaka
- Wellcome Sanger Institute, Wellcome Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge, UK
| | - Yue Qin
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Zuzanna Jablonska
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Claudia I Semprich
- Wellcome Sanger Institute, Wellcome Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge, UK
| | - Lukas Mach
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, UK
- Royal Brompton Hospital, London, UK
| | - Monika Dabrowska
- Wellcome Sanger Institute, Wellcome Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge, UK
| | - Nathan Richoz
- Molecular Immunity Unit, Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Cambridge, UK
| | - Liam Bolt
- Wellcome Sanger Institute, Wellcome Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge, UK
| | - Lira Mamanova
- Wellcome Sanger Institute, Wellcome Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge, UK
| | - Rakeshlal Kapuge
- Wellcome Sanger Institute, Wellcome Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge, UK
| | - Sam N Barnett
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Shani Perera
- Wellcome Sanger Institute, Wellcome Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge, UK
| | - Carlos Talavera-López
- Wellcome Sanger Institute, Wellcome Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge, UK
- Würzburg Institute for Systems Immunology, Max Planck Research Group, Julius-Maximilian-Universität, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Ilaria Mulas
- Wellcome Sanger Institute, Wellcome Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge, UK
| | - Krishnaa T Mahbubani
- Department of Surgery, University of Cambridge, and Cambridge Biorepository for Translational Medicine, NIHR Cambridge Biomedical Centre, Cambridge, UK
| | - Liz Tuck
- Wellcome Sanger Institute, Wellcome Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge, UK
| | - Lu Wang
- Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Margaret M Huang
- Department of Surgery, University of Cambridge, and Cambridge Biorepository for Translational Medicine, NIHR Cambridge Biomedical Centre, Cambridge, UK
| | - Martin Prete
- Wellcome Sanger Institute, Wellcome Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge, UK
| | - Sophie Pritchard
- Wellcome Sanger Institute, Wellcome Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge, UK
| | - John Dark
- Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Kourosh Saeb-Parsy
- Department of Surgery, University of Cambridge, and Cambridge Biorepository for Translational Medicine, NIHR Cambridge Biomedical Centre, Cambridge, UK
| | - Minal Patel
- Wellcome Sanger Institute, Wellcome Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge, UK
| | - Menna R Clatworthy
- Wellcome Sanger Institute, Wellcome Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge, UK
- Molecular Immunity Unit, Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Cambridge, UK
| | - Norbert Hübner
- Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association (MDC), Berlin, Germany
- Charité-Universitätsmedizin, Berlin, Germany
- German Centre for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | | | - Michela Noseda
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, UK.
| | - Sarah A Teichmann
- Wellcome Sanger Institute, Wellcome Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge, UK.
- Department of Physics, Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.
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4
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Chen M, Zhang F, Su Y, Chang C, Li J, Gu L, Yang Y. Immunomodulatory effects of egg white peptides on immunosuppressed mice and sequence identification of immunomodulatory peptides. FOOD BIOSCI 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fbio.2022.101873] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
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5
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Lipocalin2 as a potential antibacterial drug against Acinetobacter baumannii infection. J Microbiol 2022; 60:444-449. [DOI: 10.1007/s12275-022-2007-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2022] [Revised: 02/10/2022] [Accepted: 02/22/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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6
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Chen Y, Huang Y, Jin Q. Polymeric nanoplatforms for the delivery of antibacterial agents. MACROMOL CHEM PHYS 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/macp.202100440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yongcheng Chen
- MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecule Synthesis and Functionalization of Ministry of Education Department of Polymer Science and Engineering Zhejiang University Hangzhou Zhejiang 310027 PR China
| | - Yue Huang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecule Synthesis and Functionalization of Ministry of Education Department of Polymer Science and Engineering Zhejiang University Hangzhou Zhejiang 310027 PR China
| | - Qiao Jin
- MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecule Synthesis and Functionalization of Ministry of Education Department of Polymer Science and Engineering Zhejiang University Hangzhou Zhejiang 310027 PR China
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Velásquez E, Szeitz B, Gil J, Rodriguez J, Palkovits M, Renner É, Hortobágyi T, Döme P, Nogueira FC, Marko-Varga G, Domont GB, Rezeli M. Topological Dissection of Proteomic Changes Linked to the Limbic Stage of Alzheimer's Disease. Front Immunol 2021; 12:750665. [PMID: 34712240 PMCID: PMC8546208 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.750665] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2021] [Accepted: 09/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is a neurodegenerative disorder and the most common cause of dementia worldwide. In AD, neurodegeneration spreads throughout different areas of the central nervous system (CNS) in a gradual and predictable pattern, causing progressive memory decline and cognitive impairment. Deposition of neurofibrillary tangles (NFTs) in specific CNS regions correlates with the severity of AD and constitutes the basis for disease classification into different Braak stages (I-VI). Early clinical symptoms are typically associated with stages III-IV (i.e., limbic stages) when the involvement of the hippocampus begins. Histopathological changes in AD have been linked to brain proteome alterations, including aberrant posttranslational modifications (PTMs) such as the hyperphosphorylation of Tau. Most proteomic studies to date have focused on AD progression across different stages of the disease, by targeting one specific brain area at a time. However, in AD vulnerable regions, stage-specific proteomic alterations, including changes in PTM status occur in parallel and remain poorly characterized. Here, we conducted proteomic, phosphoproteomic, and acetylomic analyses of human postmortem tissue samples from AD (Braak stage III-IV, n=11) and control brains (n=12), covering all anatomical areas affected during the limbic stage of the disease (total hippocampus, CA1, entorhinal and perirhinal cortices). Overall, ~6000 proteins, ~9000 unique phosphopeptides and 221 acetylated peptides were accurately quantified across all tissues. Our results reveal significant proteome changes in AD brains compared to controls. Among others, we have observed the dysregulation of pathways related to the adaptive and innate immune responses, including several altered antimicrobial peptides (AMPs). Notably, some of these changes were restricted to specific anatomical areas, while others altered according to disease progression across the regions studied. Our data highlights the molecular heterogeneity of AD and the relevance of neuroinflammation as a major player in AD pathology. Data are available via ProteomeXchange with identifier PXD027173.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erika Velásquez
- Section for Clinical Chemistry, Department of Translational Medicine, Lund University, Skåne University Hospital Malmö, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Beáta Szeitz
- Division of Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine and Oncology, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Jeovanis Gil
- Section for Clinical Chemistry, Department of Translational Medicine, Lund University, Skåne University Hospital Malmö, Malmö, Sweden.,Division of Oncology, Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Jimmy Rodriguez
- Division of Chemistry I, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Miklós Palkovits
- Human Brain Tissue Bank, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Éva Renner
- Human Brain Tissue Bank, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Tibor Hortobágyi
- Institute of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary.,ELKH-DE Cerebrovascular and Neurodegenerative Research Group, Department of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Péter Döme
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary.,National Institute of Mental Health, Neurology and Neurosurgery, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Fábio Cs Nogueira
- Proteomics Unit, Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Chemistry, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.,Laboratory of Proteomics, Laboratório de Apoio ao Desenvolvimento Tecnológico (LADETEC), Institute of Chemistry, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - György Marko-Varga
- Division of Clinical Protein Science & Imaging, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Gilberto B Domont
- Proteomics Unit, Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Chemistry, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Melinda Rezeli
- Division of Clinical Protein Science & Imaging, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
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8
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Mittli D, Tukacs V, Micsonai A, Ravasz L, Kardos J, Juhász G, Kékesi KA. The Single-Cell Transcriptomic Analysis of Prefrontal Pyramidal Cells and Interneurons Reveals the Neuronal Expression of Genes Encoding Antimicrobial Peptides and Immune Proteins. Front Immunol 2021; 12:749433. [PMID: 34759929 PMCID: PMC8574171 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.749433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2021] [Accepted: 10/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The investigation of the molecular background of direct communication of neurons and immune cells in the brain is an important issue for understanding physiological and pathological processes in the nervous system. Direct contacts between brain-infiltrating immune cells and neurons, and the neuromodulatory effect of immune cell-derived regulatory peptides are well established. Several aspects of the role of immune and glial cells in the direct neuro-immune communication are also well known; however, there remain many questions regarding the molecular details of signaling from neurons to immune cells. Thus, we report here on the neuronal expression of genes encoding antimicrobial and immunomodulatory peptides, as well as proteins of immune cell-specific activation and communication mechanisms. In the present study, we analyzed the single-cell sequencing data of our previous transcriptomic work, obtained from electrophysiologically identified pyramidal cells and interneurons of the murine prefrontal cortex. We filtered out the genes that may be associated with the direct communication between immune cells and neurons and examined their expression pattern in the neuronal transcriptome. The expression of some of these genes by cortical neurons has not yet been reported. The vast majority of antimicrobial (~53%) and immune cell protein (~94%) transcripts was identified in the transcriptome of the 84 cells, owing to the high sensitivity of ultra-deep sequencing. Several of the antimicrobial and immune process-related protein transcripts showed cell type-specific or enriched expression. Individual neurons transcribed only a fraction of the investigated genes with low copy numbers probably due to the bursting kinetics of gene expression; however, the comparison of our data with available transcriptomic datasets from immune cells and neurons suggests the functional relevance of the reported findings. Accordingly, we propose further experimental and in silico studies on the neuronal expression of immune system-related genes and the potential role of the encoded proteins in neuroimmunological processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dániel Mittli
- ELTE NAP Neuroimmunology Research Group, Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Biology, ELTE Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, Hungary
- Laboratory of Proteomics, Institute of Biology, ELTE Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Vanda Tukacs
- ELTE NAP Neuroimmunology Research Group, Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Biology, ELTE Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, Hungary
- Laboratory of Proteomics, Institute of Biology, ELTE Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - András Micsonai
- ELTE NAP Neuroimmunology Research Group, Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Biology, ELTE Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Lilla Ravasz
- ELTE NAP Neuroimmunology Research Group, Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Biology, ELTE Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, Hungary
- Clinical Research Units (CRU) Hungary Ltd., Göd, Hungary
| | - József Kardos
- ELTE NAP Neuroimmunology Research Group, Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Biology, ELTE Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Gábor Juhász
- ELTE NAP Neuroimmunology Research Group, Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Biology, ELTE Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, Hungary
- Laboratory of Proteomics, Institute of Biology, ELTE Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, Hungary
- Clinical Research Units (CRU) Hungary Ltd., Göd, Hungary
- InnoScience Ltd., Mátranovák, Hungary
| | - Katalin Adrienna Kékesi
- ELTE NAP Neuroimmunology Research Group, Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Biology, ELTE Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, Hungary
- Laboratory of Proteomics, Institute of Biology, ELTE Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, Hungary
- InnoScience Ltd., Mátranovák, Hungary
- Department of Physiology and Neurobiology, Institute of Biology, ELTE Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, Hungary
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