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Smack C, Johnson B, Nyalwidhe JO, Semmes OJ, Yang L. Small extracellular vesicles: Roles and clinical application in prostate cancer. Adv Cancer Res 2024; 161:119-190. [PMID: 39032949 DOI: 10.1016/bs.acr.2024.05.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/23/2024]
Abstract
Prostate cancer is a significant health problem in the United States. It is remarkably heterogenous, ranging from slow growing disease amenable to active surveillance to highly aggressive forms requiring active treatments. Therefore, being able to precisely determine the nature of disease and appropriately match patients to available and/or novel therapeutics is crucial to improve patients' overall outcome and quality of life. Recently small extracellular vesicles (sEVs), a subset of nanoscale membranous vesicles secreted by various cells, have emerged as important analytes for liquid biopsy and promising vehicles for drug delivery. sEVs contain various biomolecules such as genetic material, proteins, and lipids that recapitulate the characteristics and state of their donor cells. The application of existing and newly developed technologies has resulted in an increased depth of knowledge about biophysical structures, biogenesis, and functions of sEVs. In prostate cancer patients, tumor-derived sEVs can be isolated from biofluids, commonly urine and blood. They mediate intercellular signaling within the tumor microenvironment and distal organ-specific sites, supporting cancer initiation, progression, and metastasis. A mounting body of evidence suggests that sEV components can be potent biomarkers for prostate cancer diagnosis, prognosis, and prediction of disease progression and treatment response. Due to enhanced circulation stability and bio-barrier permeability, sEVs can be also used as effective drug delivery carriers to improve the efficacy and specificity of anti-tumor therapies. This review discusses recent studies on sEVs in prostate cancer and is focused on their role as biomarkers and drug delivery vehicles in the clinical management of prostate cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caleb Smack
- Leroy T. Canoles Jr. Cancer Research Center, Eastern Virginia Medical School, Norfolk, VA, United States; Department of Microbiology and Molecular Cell Biology, Eastern Virginia Medical School, Norfolk, VA, United States
| | - Benjamin Johnson
- Leroy T. Canoles Jr. Cancer Research Center, Eastern Virginia Medical School, Norfolk, VA, United States; Department of Microbiology and Molecular Cell Biology, Eastern Virginia Medical School, Norfolk, VA, United States
| | - Julius O Nyalwidhe
- Leroy T. Canoles Jr. Cancer Research Center, Eastern Virginia Medical School, Norfolk, VA, United States; Department of Microbiology and Molecular Cell Biology, Eastern Virginia Medical School, Norfolk, VA, United States
| | - O John Semmes
- Leroy T. Canoles Jr. Cancer Research Center, Eastern Virginia Medical School, Norfolk, VA, United States; Department of Microbiology and Molecular Cell Biology, Eastern Virginia Medical School, Norfolk, VA, United States
| | - Lifang Yang
- Leroy T. Canoles Jr. Cancer Research Center, Eastern Virginia Medical School, Norfolk, VA, United States; Department of Microbiology and Molecular Cell Biology, Eastern Virginia Medical School, Norfolk, VA, United States.
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2
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Alhajahjeh A, Al-Faouri R, Bahmad HF, Bader T, Dobbs RW, Abdulelah AA, Abou-Kheir W, Davicioni E, Lee DI, Shahait M. From Diabetes to Oncology: Glucagon-like Peptide-1 (GLP-1) Receptor Agonist's Dual Role in Prostate Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2024; 16:1538. [PMID: 38672620 PMCID: PMC11048615 DOI: 10.3390/cancers16081538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2024] [Revised: 04/09/2024] [Accepted: 04/16/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1), an incretin hormone renowned for its role in post-meal blood sugar regulation and glucose-dependent insulin secretion, has gained attention as a novel treatment for diabetes through GLP-1 receptor agonists (GLP-1-RA). Despite their efficacy, concerns have been raised regarding the potential associations between GLP-1-RA and certain malignancies, including medullary thyroid cancer. However, evidence of its association with prostate cancer (PCa) remains inconclusive. This review delves into the intricate relationship between GLP-1-RA and PCa, exploring the mechanisms through which GLP-1-Rs may impact PCa cells. We discuss the potential pathways involving cAMP, ERK, AMPK, mTOR, and P27. Furthermore, we underscore the imperative for additional research to elucidate the impact of GLP-1-RA treatment on PCa progression, patient outcomes, and potential interactions with existing therapies. Translational studies and clinical trials are crucial for a comprehensive understanding of the role of GLP-1-RA in PCa management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdulrahman Alhajahjeh
- School of Medicine, The University of Jordan, Amman 11190, Jordan;
- King Hussein Cancer Center (KHCC), Internal Medicine Department, Amman 11190, Jordan;
| | - Raad Al-Faouri
- Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02120, USA;
| | - Hisham F. Bahmad
- Arkadi M. Rywlin Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Mount Sinai Medical Center, Miami Beach, FL 33140, USA;
| | - Taima’ Bader
- King Hussein Cancer Center (KHCC), Internal Medicine Department, Amman 11190, Jordan;
| | - Ryan W. Dobbs
- Cook County Health and Hospitals System, Chicago, IL 60612, USA;
| | - Ahmed A. Abdulelah
- Edinburgh Medical School, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH8 9YL, UK;
| | - Wassim Abou-Kheir
- Department of Anatomy, Cell Biology and Physiological Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, American University of Beirut, Beirut 1107, Lebanon;
| | | | - David I. Lee
- Department of Urology, University of California, Irvine, CA 92868, USA;
| | - Mohammed Shahait
- School of Medicine, University of Sharjah, Sharjah P.O. Box 27272, United Arab Emirates
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3
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Deng Z, Liu Y, Zhou H. Distinct roles of CD244 expression in cancer diagnosis and prognosis: A pan-cancer analysis. Heliyon 2024; 10:e28928. [PMID: 38633624 PMCID: PMC11021915 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e28928] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2024] [Revised: 03/26/2024] [Accepted: 03/27/2024] [Indexed: 04/19/2024] Open
Abstract
The abnormal expression of tumor associated genes in pan-cancer is closely related to the clinicopathological features of distinct cancer types. Thus, identifying the role of specific genes in pan-cancer is needed for developing effective anti-cancer strategies. However, the function of CD244 in pan-cancer has not been fully understood. In this study, we explored the CD244 expression profile across 33 tumor types based on The Cancer Genome Atlas project, the Gene Expression Omnibus database, and other bioinformatics tools. We found down-regulated expression levels in seven tumor types and up-regulated expression levels in two tumor types. We subsequently explored the relationship between survival rate and CD244 expression, and found the positive relationship in patients with adrenocortical carcinoma (ACC), head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSC), skin cutaneous melanoma (SKCM), and uterine corpus endometrial carcinoma (UCEC). We further investigated the association between CD244 expression and tumor-infiltrating immune cells, and discovered their positive correlation in different tumors. We found that CD244 expression level was higher in normal samples than in UCEC samples, and was positively associated with CD8+ T cells infiltrating. The mutation status, promoter methylation, CD244-related molecules and signaling pathways were also employed to study the potential function of CD244 in tumor initiation and progression. Our study offers a comprehensive overview of CD244 in human tumors, revealing CD244 as a potential prognostic biomarker and immunotherapeutic target in cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenzhen Deng
- Department of Pharmacy, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, Hunan, China
| | - Yuanhong Liu
- Department of Pharmacy, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, Hunan, China
| | - Haiyan Zhou
- Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
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Pan J, Zhang J, Lin J, Cai Y, Zhao Z. Constructing lactylation-related genes prognostic model to effectively predict the disease-free survival and treatment responsiveness in prostate cancer based on machine learning. Front Genet 2024; 15:1343140. [PMID: 38566813 PMCID: PMC10985269 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2024.1343140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2023] [Accepted: 02/29/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Background: Prostate cancer (PCa) is one of the most common malignancies in men with a poor prognosis. It is therefore of great clinical importance to find reliable prognostic indicators for PCa. Many studies have revealed the pivotal role of protein lactylation in tumor development and progression. This research aims to analyze the effect of lactylation-related genes on PCa prognosis. Methods: By downloading mRNA-Seq data of TCGA PCa, we obtained the differential genes related to lactylation in PCa. Five machine learning algorithms were used to screen for lactylation-related key genes for PCa, then the five overlapping key genes were used to construct a survival prognostic model by lasso cox regression analysis. Furthermore, the relationships between the model and related pathways, tumor mutation and immune cell subpopulations, and drug sensitivity were explored. Moreover, two risk groups were established according to the risk score calculated by the five lactylation-related genes (LRGs). Subsequently, a nomogram scoring system was established to predict disease-free survival (DFS) of patients by combining clinicopathological features and lactylation-related risk scores. In addition, the mRNA expression levels of five genes were verified in PCa cell lines by qPCR. Results: We identified 5 key LRGs (ALDOA, DDX39A, H2AX, KIF2C, RACGAP1) and constructed the LRGs prognostic model. The AUC values for 1 -, 3 -, and 5-year DFS in the TCGA dataset were 0.762, 0.745, and 0.709, respectively. The risk score was found a better predictor of DFS than traditional clinicopathological features in PCa. A nomogram that combined the risk score with clinical variables accurately predicted the outcome of the patients. The PCa patients in the high-risk group have a higher proportion of regulatory T cells and M2 macrophage, a higher tumor mutation burden, and a worse prognosis than those in the low-risk group. The high-risk group had a lower IC50 for certain chemotherapeutic drugs, such as Docetaxel, and Paclitaxel than the low-risk group. Furthermore, five key LRGs were found to be highly expressed in castration-resistant PCa cells. Conclusion: The lactylation-related genes prognostic model can effectively predict the DFS and therapeutic responses in patients with PCa.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Zhigang Zhao
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Urology, Guangdong Engineering Research Center of Urinary Minimally Invasive Surgery Robot and Intelligent Equipment, Guangzhou Institute of Urology, Guangzhou, China
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Enke JS, Groß M, Grosser B, Sipos E, Steinestel J, Löhr P, Waidhauser J, Lapa C, Märkl B, Reitsam NG. SARIFA as a new histopathological biomarker is associated with adverse clinicopathological characteristics, tumor-promoting fatty-acid metabolism, and might predict a metastatic pattern in pT3a prostate cancer. BMC Cancer 2024; 24:65. [PMID: 38216952 PMCID: PMC10785487 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-023-11771-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2023] [Accepted: 12/17/2023] [Indexed: 01/14/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Recently, we introduced Stroma-AReactive-Invasion-Front-Areas (SARIFA) as a novel hematoxylin-eosin (H&E)-based histopathologic prognostic biomarker for various gastrointestinal cancers, closely related to lipid metabolism. To date, no studies on SARIFA, which is defined as direct tumor-adipocyte-interaction, beyond the alimentary tract exist. Hence, the objective of our current investigation was to study the significance of SARIFA in pT3a prostate cancer (PCa) and explore its association with lipid metabolism in PCa as lipid metabolism plays a key role in PCa development and progression. METHODS To this end, we evaluated SARIFA-status in 301 radical prostatectomy specimens and examined the relationship between SARIFA-status, clinicopathological characteristics, overall survival, and immunohistochemical expression of FABP4 and CD36 (proteins closely involved in fatty-acid metabolism). Additionally, we investigated the correlation between SARIFA and biochemical recurrence-free survival (BRFS) and PSMA-positive recurrences in PET/CT imaging in a patient subgroup. Moreover, a quantitative SARIFA cut-off was established to further understand the underlying tumor biology. RESULTS SARIFA positivity occurred in 59.1% (n = 178) of pT3a PCas. Our analysis demonstrated that SARIFA positivity is strongly associated with established high-risk features, such as R1 status, extraprostatic extension, and higher initial PSA values. Additionally, we observed an upregulation of immunohistochemical CD36 expression specifically at SARIFAs (p = 0.00014). Kaplan-Meier analyses revealed a trend toward poorer outcomes, particularly in terms of BRFS (p = 0.1). More extensive tumor-adipocyte interaction, assessed as quantity-dependent SARIFA-status on H&E slides, is also significantly associated with high-risk features, such as lymph node metastasis, and seems to be associated with worse survival outcomes (p = 0.16). Moreover, SARIFA positivity appeared to be linked to more distant lymph node and bone metastasis, although statistical significance was slightly not achieved (both p > 0.05). CONCLUSIONS This is the first study to introduce SARIFA as easy-and-fast-to-assess H&E-based biomarker in locally advanced PCa. SARIFA as the histopathologic correlate of a distinct tumor biology, closely related to lipid metabolism, could pave the way to a more detailed patient stratification and to the development of novel drugs targeting lipid metabolism in pT3a PCa. On the basis of this biomarker discovery study, further research efforts on the prognostic and predictive role of SARIFA in PCa can be designed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johanna S Enke
- Nuclear Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Augsburg, Augsburg, Germany
| | - Matthias Groß
- Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Augsburg, Augsburg, Germany
| | - Bianca Grosser
- Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Augsburg, Augsburg, Germany
| | - Eva Sipos
- Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Augsburg, Augsburg, Germany
| | - Julie Steinestel
- Urology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Augsburg, Augsburg, Germany
| | - Phillip Löhr
- Hematology and Oncology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Augsburg, Augsburg, Germany
| | - Johanna Waidhauser
- Hematology and Oncology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Augsburg, Augsburg, Germany
| | - Constantin Lapa
- Nuclear Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Augsburg, Augsburg, Germany
| | - Bruno Märkl
- Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Augsburg, Augsburg, Germany
| | - Nic G Reitsam
- Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Augsburg, Augsburg, Germany.
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Ene C, Nicolae I, Ene CD. Angiogenic systemic response to the hypoxic microenvironment in prostate tumorigenesis: A pilot study. Exp Ther Med 2023; 26:483. [PMID: 37753291 PMCID: PMC10518656 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2023.12182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2022] [Accepted: 06/26/2023] [Indexed: 09/28/2023] Open
Abstract
The present paper aimed to investigate the altered angiogenetic mechanisms in hypoxic conditions in patients with prostate tumours, in correlation with common clinicopathologic variables. A case-control study was developed and included 87 patients with prostate tumours [40 diagnosed with benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) and 47 diagnosed with prostate cancer (PCa), using prostate transrectal biopsy] and 40 healthy subjects. The following parameters were evaluated in the serum of volunteers: Hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF)-1α, fibroblast growth factor (FGF)-2, vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-2 and -9, thrombospondin (TSP)-1 and soluble VEGF-1 receptor. Experimental data analysis demonstrated increasing amounts of inflammation in patients with PCa (IL-6, 18.1±4.7 ng/ml) and BPH (IL-6, 16.3±5.1 ng/ml) vs. control (IL-6, 4.1±1.2 ng/ml); overregulation of HIF1α in patients with PCa (129.3±21.8 ng/ml) compared with patients with BPH (65.6±18.2 ng/ml) and control (61.3±12.7 ng/ml); angiogenesis abnormalities in patients with PCa (upregulation of FGF-2, VEGF, MMP-2 and -9, suppression of TSP-1 and soluble VEGR-1) and BPH (upregulation FGF-2 and VEGF) compared with the control group. In conclusion, a greater understanding of the biological mechanism, the pathological roles and the clinical significance of various proangiogenic parameters and angiogenic-suppressor proteins seem useful in clinical practice for establishing an early diagnosis of prostate pathology and finding an individualized therapeutic approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cosmin Ene
- Department of Urology, ‘Carol Davila’ University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 050474 Bucharest, Romania
- Department of Urology, ‘St. John’ Clinical Hospital of Emergency, 042122 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Ilinca Nicolae
- Research Laboratory, ‘Victor Babes’ Clinical Hospital of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, 030303 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Corina Daniela Ene
- Department of Nephrology, ‘Carol Davila’ University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 050474 Bucharest, Romania
- Department of Nephrology, ‘Carol Davila’ Clinical Hospital of Nephrology, 010731 Bucharest, Romania
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7
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Wu MH, Wu K, Zhu YB, Li DC, Yang H, Zeng H. Baicalin Antagonizes Prostate Cancer Stemness via Inhibiting Notch1/NF-κB Signaling Pathway. Chin J Integr Med 2023; 29:914-923. [PMID: 37357241 DOI: 10.1007/s11655-023-3595-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/21/2022] [Indexed: 06/27/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the molecular mechanisms underlying the effect of baicalin on prostate cancer (PCa) progression both in vivo and in vitro. METHODS The in situ PCa stem cells (PCSCs)-injected xenograft tumor models were established in BALB/c nude mice. Tumor volume and weight were respectively checked after baicalin (100 mg/kg) treatment. Hematoxylin-eosin (HE) staining was used to observe the growth arrest and cell necrosis. mRNA expression levels of acetaldehyde dehydrogenase 1 (ALDH1), CD44, CD133 and Notch1 were determined by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction. Protein expression levels of ALDH1, CD44, CD133, Notch1, nuclear factor κB (NF-κB) P65 and NF-κB p-P65 were detected by Western blot. Expression and subcellular location of ALDH1, CD44, CD133, Notch1 and NF-κB p65 were detected by immunofluorescence analysis. In vitro, cell cycle distribution and cell apoptosis of PC3 PCSCs was assessed by flow cytometry after baicalin (125 µmol/L) treatment. The migration and invasion abilities of PCSCs were assessed using Transwell assays. Transmission electron microscopy scanning was utilized to observe the structure and autophagosome formation of baicalin-treated PCSCs. In addition, PCSCs were infected with lentiviruses expressing human Notch1. RESULTS Compared with the control group, the tumor volume and weight were notably reduced in mice treated with 100 mg/kg baicalin (P<0.05 or P<0.01). Histopathological analysis showed that baicalin treatment significantly inhibited cell proliferation and promoted cell apoptosis. Furthermore, baicalin treatment reduced mRNA and protein expression levels of CD44, CD133, ALDH1, and Notch1 as well as the protein expression of NF-κB p-P65 in the xenograft tumor (P<0.01). In vitro, the cell proliferation of PCSCs was significantly attenuated after treatment with 125 µmol/L baicalin for 72 h (P<0.01). The cell migration and invasion rates were decreased following treatment with baicalin for 48 and 72 h (P<0.01). Baicalin notably induced cell apoptosis and seriously damaged the structure of PCSCs. The mRNA and protein expressions of CD133, CD44, ALDH1 and Notch1 in PCSCs were significantly downregulated following baicalin treatment (P<0.01). Importantly, the inhibitory effects of baicalin on PCa progression and stemness were reversed by Notch1 overexpression (P<0.05 or P<0.01). CONCLUSION Mechanistically, baicalin exhibited a potential therapeutic effect on PCa via inhibiting the Notch1/NF-κB signaling pathway and its mediated cancer stemness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming-Hui Wu
- Department of Urology, Hubei University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, 430065, China
| | - Kun Wu
- Department of Urology, Hubei University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, 430065, China
| | - Yuan-Bing Zhu
- Department of Urology, Chongqing Jiangjin District Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Chongqing, 402260, China
| | - Da-Chuan Li
- Department of Urology, Chongqing Jiangjin District Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Chongqing, 402260, China
| | - Huan Yang
- Department of Urology, Chongqing Jiangjin District Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Chongqing, 402260, China
| | - Hong Zeng
- Department of Urology, Chongqing Jiangjin District Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Chongqing, 402260, China.
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8
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Alvarez-Artime A, Garcia-Soler B, Gonzalez-Menendez P, Fernandez-Vega S, Cernuda-Cernuda R, Hevia D, Mayo JC, Sainz RM. Castration promotes the browning of the prostate tumor microenvironment. Cell Commun Signal 2023; 21:267. [PMID: 37770940 PMCID: PMC10536697 DOI: 10.1186/s12964-023-01294-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2023] [Accepted: 08/23/2023] [Indexed: 09/30/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Adipose tissue has gained attention due to its potential paracrine role. Periprostatic adipose tissue surrounds the prostate and the prostatic urethra, and it is an essential player in prostate cancer progression. Since obesity is directly related to human tumor progression, and adipose tissue depots are one of the significant components of the tumor microenvironment, the molecular mediators of the communication between adipocytes and epithelial cells are in the spotlight. Although periprostatic white adipose tissue contributes to prostate cancer progression, brown adipose tissue (BAT), which has beneficial effects in metabolic pathologies, has been scarcely investigated concerning cancer progression. Given that adipose tissue is a target of androgen signaling, the actual role of androgen removal on the periprostatic adipose tissue was the aim of this work. METHODS Surgical castration of the transgenic adenocarcinoma of the mouse prostate (TRAMP) was employed. By histology examination and software analysis, WAT and BAT tissue was quantified. 3T3-like adipocytes were used to study the role of Casodex® in modifying adipocyte differentiation and to investigate the function of the secretome of adipocytes on the proliferation of androgen-dependent and independent prostate cancer cells. Finally, the role of cell communication was assayed by TRAMP-C1 xenograft implanted in the presence of 3T3-like adipocytes. RESULTS Androgen removal increases brown/beige adipose tissue in the fat immediately surrounding the prostate glands of TRAMP mice, concomitant with an adjustment of the metabolism. Castration increases body temperature, respiratory exchange rate, and energy expenditure. Also, in vitro, it is described that blocking androgen signaling by Casodex® increases the uncoupling protein 1 (UCP1) marker in 3T3-like adipocytes. Finally, the effect of brown/beige adipocyte secretome was studied on the proliferation of prostate cancer cells in vivo and in vitro. The secretome of brown/beige adipocytes reduces the proliferation of prostate cancer cells mediated partly by the secretion of extracellular vesicles. CONCLUSIONS Consequently, we concluded that hampering androgen signaling plays a crucial role in the browning of the periprostatic adipose tissue. Also, the presence of brown adipocytes exhibits the opposite effect to that of white adipocytes in vitro regulating processes that govern the mechanisms of cell proliferation of prostate cancer cells. And finally, promoting the browning of adipose tissue in the periprostatic adipose tissue might be a way to handle prostate cancer cell progression. Video Abstract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alejandro Alvarez-Artime
- Departamento de Morfologia y Biologia Celular, Facultad de Medicina, University of Oviedo, Julian Claveria 6, 33006, Oviedo, Spain
- Instituto Universitario de Oncología del Principado de Asturias (IUOPA), 33006, Oviedo, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Principado de Asturias (ISPA), Avda. Hospital Universitario, 33011, Oviedo, Spain
| | - Belen Garcia-Soler
- Departamento de Morfologia y Biologia Celular, Facultad de Medicina, University of Oviedo, Julian Claveria 6, 33006, Oviedo, Spain
- Instituto Universitario de Oncología del Principado de Asturias (IUOPA), 33006, Oviedo, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Principado de Asturias (ISPA), Avda. Hospital Universitario, 33011, Oviedo, Spain
| | - Pedro Gonzalez-Menendez
- Departamento de Morfologia y Biologia Celular, Facultad de Medicina, University of Oviedo, Julian Claveria 6, 33006, Oviedo, Spain
- Instituto Universitario de Oncología del Principado de Asturias (IUOPA), 33006, Oviedo, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Principado de Asturias (ISPA), Avda. Hospital Universitario, 33011, Oviedo, Spain
| | - Sheila Fernandez-Vega
- Departamento de Morfologia y Biologia Celular, Facultad de Medicina, University of Oviedo, Julian Claveria 6, 33006, Oviedo, Spain
- Instituto Universitario de Oncología del Principado de Asturias (IUOPA), 33006, Oviedo, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Principado de Asturias (ISPA), Avda. Hospital Universitario, 33011, Oviedo, Spain
| | - Rafael Cernuda-Cernuda
- Departamento de Morfologia y Biologia Celular, Facultad de Medicina, University of Oviedo, Julian Claveria 6, 33006, Oviedo, Spain
- Instituto Universitario de Oncología del Principado de Asturias (IUOPA), 33006, Oviedo, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Principado de Asturias (ISPA), Avda. Hospital Universitario, 33011, Oviedo, Spain
| | - David Hevia
- Departamento de Morfologia y Biologia Celular, Facultad de Medicina, University of Oviedo, Julian Claveria 6, 33006, Oviedo, Spain
- Instituto Universitario de Oncología del Principado de Asturias (IUOPA), 33006, Oviedo, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Principado de Asturias (ISPA), Avda. Hospital Universitario, 33011, Oviedo, Spain
| | - Juan C Mayo
- Departamento de Morfologia y Biologia Celular, Facultad de Medicina, University of Oviedo, Julian Claveria 6, 33006, Oviedo, Spain.
- Instituto Universitario de Oncología del Principado de Asturias (IUOPA), 33006, Oviedo, Spain.
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Principado de Asturias (ISPA), Avda. Hospital Universitario, 33011, Oviedo, Spain.
| | - Rosa M Sainz
- Departamento de Morfologia y Biologia Celular, Facultad de Medicina, University of Oviedo, Julian Claveria 6, 33006, Oviedo, Spain.
- Instituto Universitario de Oncología del Principado de Asturias (IUOPA), 33006, Oviedo, Spain.
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Principado de Asturias (ISPA), Avda. Hospital Universitario, 33011, Oviedo, Spain.
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9
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Laajala TD, Sreekanth V, Soupir AC, Creed JH, Halkola AS, Calboli FCF, Singaravelu K, Orman MV, Colin-Leitzinger C, Gerke T, Fridley BL, Tyekucheva S, Costello JC. A harmonized resource of integrated prostate cancer clinical, -omic, and signature features. Sci Data 2023; 10:430. [PMID: 37407670 PMCID: PMC10322899 DOI: 10.1038/s41597-023-02335-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2023] [Accepted: 06/27/2023] [Indexed: 07/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Genomic and transcriptomic data have been generated across a wide range of prostate cancer (PCa) study cohorts. These data can be used to better characterize the molecular features associated with clinical outcomes and to test hypotheses across multiple, independent patient cohorts. In addition, derived features, such as estimates of cell composition, risk scores, and androgen receptor (AR) scores, can be used to develop novel hypotheses leveraging existing multi-omic datasets. The full potential of such data is yet to be realized as independent datasets exist in different repositories, have been processed using different pipelines, and derived and clinical features are often not provided or not standardized. Here, we present the curatedPCaData R package, a harmonized data resource representing >2900 primary tumor, >200 normal tissue, and >500 metastatic PCa samples across 19 datasets processed using standardized pipelines with updated gene annotations. We show that meta-analysis across harmonized studies has great potential for robust and clinically meaningful insights. curatedPCaData is an open and accessible community resource with code made available for reproducibility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teemu D Laajala
- Department of Mathematics and Statistics, University of Turku, Turku, Finland.
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA.
| | - Varsha Sreekanth
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Alex C Soupir
- Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Jordan H Creed
- Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Anni S Halkola
- Department of Mathematics and Statistics, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Federico C F Calboli
- Department of Mathematics and Statistics, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
- Natural Resources Institute Finland (Luke), F-31600, Jokioinen, Finland
| | | | - Michael V Orman
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
| | | | - Travis Gerke
- Department of Cancer Epidemiology, Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Brooke L Fridley
- Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Svitlana Tyekucheva
- Department of Data Science, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute; Department of Biostatistics, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA.
| | - James C Costello
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA.
- University of Colorado Cancer Center, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA.
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10
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Gogola S, Rejzer M, Bahmad HF, Abou-Kheir W, Omarzai Y, Poppiti R. Epithelial-to-Mesenchymal Transition-Related Markers in Prostate Cancer: From Bench to Bedside. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:cancers15082309. [PMID: 37190236 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15082309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2023] [Revised: 04/07/2023] [Accepted: 04/11/2023] [Indexed: 05/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Prostate cancer (PCa) is the second most frequent type of cancer in men worldwide, with 288,300 new cases and 34,700 deaths estimated in the United States in 2023. Treatment options for early-stage disease include external beam radiation therapy, brachytherapy, radical prostatectomy, active surveillance, or a combination of these. In advanced cases, androgen-deprivation therapy (ADT) is considered the first-line therapy; however, PCa in most patients eventually progresses to castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC) despite ADT. Nonetheless, the transition from androgen-dependent to androgen-independent tumors is not yet fully understood. The physiological processes of epithelial-to-non-epithelial ("mesenchymal") transition (EMT) and mesenchymal-to-epithelial transition (MET) are essential for normal embryonic development; however, they have also been linked to higher tumor grade, metastatic progression, and treatment resistance. Due to this association, EMT and MET have been identified as important targets for novel cancer therapies, including CRPC. Here, we discuss the transcriptional factors and signaling pathways involved in EMT, in addition to the diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers that have been identified in these processes. We also tackle the various studies that have been conducted from bench to bedside and the current landscape of EMT-targeted therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samantha Gogola
- Herbert Wertheim College of Medicine, Florida International University, Miami, FL 33199, USA
| | - Michael Rejzer
- Herbert Wertheim College of Medicine, Florida International University, Miami, FL 33199, USA
| | - Hisham F Bahmad
- The Arkadi M. Rywlin M.D. Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Mount Sinai Medical Center, Miami Beach, FL 33140, USA
| | - Wassim Abou-Kheir
- Department of Anatomy, Cell Biology and Physiological Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, American University of Beirut, Beirut 1107, Lebanon
| | - Yumna Omarzai
- The Arkadi M. Rywlin M.D. Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Mount Sinai Medical Center, Miami Beach, FL 33140, USA
- Department of Pathology, Herbert Wertheim College of Medicine, Florida International University, Miami, FL 33199, USA
| | - Robert Poppiti
- The Arkadi M. Rywlin M.D. Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Mount Sinai Medical Center, Miami Beach, FL 33140, USA
- Department of Pathology, Herbert Wertheim College of Medicine, Florida International University, Miami, FL 33199, USA
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11
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Liu X, Tang J, Peng L, Nie H, Zhang Y, Liu P. Cancer-associated fibroblasts promote malignant phenotypes of prostate cancer cells via autophagy : Cancer-associated fibroblasts promote prostate cancer development. Apoptosis 2023; 28:881-891. [PMID: 37000314 DOI: 10.1007/s10495-023-01828-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/05/2023] [Indexed: 04/01/2023]
Abstract
Dysregulation of autophagy in cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) has been demonstrated to play a role in malignant phenotypes of human tumors. We intended to investigate the function of CAFs autophagy in prostate cancer (PCa). Firstly, CAFs and normal fibroblasts (NFs) were isolated from cancerous and adjacent normal tissues of PCa patients, for the following experimental preparation. In comparison with NFs, CAFs expressed higher levels of the myofibroblast marker ?-smooth muscle actin (?-SMA) and the mesenchymal marker Vimentin. Besides, CAFs possessed a higher autophagic level than NFs. As for malignant phenotypes, PCa cells co-cultured with CAFs-CM showed greater proliferation, migration and invasion capabilities, while these outcomes were obviously abolished by autophagy inhibition with 3-Methyladenine (3-MA). Moreover, silencing of ATG5 in CAFs inhibited fibroblasts autophagic level and suppressed malignant phenotypes of PCa cells, while ATG5 overexpression in NFs exerted opposite effects. Depletion of ATG5 in CAFs inhibited the xenograft tumor growth and lung metastasis of PCa cells. Taken together, our data demonstrated the promotive effect of CAFs on PCa malignant phenotypes through ATG5-dependent autophagy, suggesting a novel mechanism for PCa progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- XuKai Liu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Zhuzhou Central Hospital, Zhuzhou, Hunan Province, 412007, P.R. China
| | - JiZu Tang
- Department of Orthopaedics, Zhuzhou Central Hospital, Zhuzhou, Hunan Province, 412007, P.R. China
| | - LiQiang Peng
- Department of Trauma Center, Zhuzhou Central Hospital, Zhuzhou, Hunan Province, 412007, P.R. China
| | - HaiBo Nie
- Department of Urology, Zhuzhou Central Hospital, Zhuzhou, Hunan Province, 412007, P.R. China
| | - YuanGuang Zhang
- Department of Spine surgery, Zhuzhou Central Hospital, No. 116, Changjiang South Road, Tianyuan District, Zhuzhou, Hunan Province, 412007, P.R. China.
| | - Pan Liu
- Department of Emergency, Zhuzhou Central Hospital, No. 116, Changjiang South Road, Tianyuan District, Zhuzhou, Hunan Province, 412007, P.R. China.
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12
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Di Donato M, Giovannelli P, Migliaccio A, Castoria G. The nerve growth factor-delivered signals in prostate cancer and its associated microenvironment: when the dialogue replaces the monologue. Cell Biosci 2023; 13:60. [PMID: 36941697 PMCID: PMC10029315 DOI: 10.1186/s13578-023-01008-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2022] [Accepted: 03/06/2023] [Indexed: 03/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Prostate cancer (PC) represents the most diagnosed and the second most lethal cancer in men worldwide. Its development and progression occur in concert with alterations in the surrounding tumor microenvironment (TME), made up of stromal cells and extracellular matrix (ECM) that dynamically interact with epithelial PC cells affecting their growth and invasiveness. PC cells, in turn, can functionally sculpt the TME through the secretion of various factors, including neurotrophins. Among them, the nerve growth factor (NGF) that is released by both epithelial PC cells and carcinoma-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) triggers the activation of various intracellular signaling cascades, thereby promoting the acquisition of a metastatic phenotype. After many years of investigation, it is indeed well established that aberrations and/or derangement of NGF signaling are involved not only in neurological disorders, but also in the pathogenesis of human proliferative diseases, including PC. Another key feature of cancer progression is the nerve outgrowth in TME and the concept of nerve dependence related to perineural invasion is currently emerging. NGF released by cancer cells can be a driver of tumor neurogenesis and nerves infiltrated in TME release neurotransmitters, which might stimulate the growth and sustainment of tumor cells.In this review, we aim to provide a snapshot of NGF action in the interactions between TME, nerves and PC cells. Understanding the molecular basis of this dialogue might expand the arsenal of therapeutic strategies against this widespread disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marzia Di Donato
- Department of Precision Medicine, University of Campania "L.Vanvitelli", 80138, Naples, Italy.
| | - Pia Giovannelli
- Department of Precision Medicine, University of Campania "L.Vanvitelli", 80138, Naples, Italy.
| | - Antimo Migliaccio
- Department of Precision Medicine, University of Campania "L.Vanvitelli", 80138, Naples, Italy
| | - Gabriella Castoria
- Department of Precision Medicine, University of Campania "L.Vanvitelli", 80138, Naples, Italy
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13
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Laajala TD, Sreekanth V, Soupir A, Creed J, Calboli FCF, Singaravelu K, Orman M, Colin-Leitzinger C, Gerke T, Fidley BL, Tyekucheva S, Costello JC. curatedPCaData: Integration of clinical, genomic, and signature features in a curated and harmonized prostate cancer data resource. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.01.17.524403. [PMID: 36711769 PMCID: PMC9882125 DOI: 10.1101/2023.01.17.524403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Genomic and transcriptomic data have been generated across a wide range of prostate cancer (PCa) study cohorts. These data can be used to better characterize the molecular features associated with clinical outcomes and to test hypotheses across multiple, independent patient cohorts. In addition, derived features, such as estimates of cell composition, risk scores, and androgen receptor (AR) scores, can be used to develop novel hypotheses leveraging existing multi-omic datasets. The full potential of such data is yet to be realized as independent datasets exist in different repositories, have been processed using different pipelines, and derived and clinical features are often not provided or unstandardized. Here, we present the curatedPCaData R package, a harmonized data resource representing >2900 primary tumor, >200 normal tissue, and >500 metastatic PCa samples across 19 datasets processed using standardized pipelines with updated gene annotations. We show that meta-analysis across harmonized studies has great potential for robust and clinically meaningful insights. curatedPCaData is an open and accessible community resource with code made available for reproducibility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teemu D Laajala
- Department of Mathematics and Statistics, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Varsha Sreekanth
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Alex Soupir
- Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Jordan Creed
- Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Federico CF Calboli
- Department of Mathematics and Statistics, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
- Natural Resources Institute Finland (Luke), F-31600, Jokioinen, Finland
| | | | - Michael Orman
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
| | | | - Travis Gerke
- Department of Cancer Epidemiology, Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Brooke L. Fidley
- Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Svitlana Tyekucheva
- Department of Data Science, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute; Department of Biostatistics, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - James C Costello
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
- University of Colorado Cancer Center, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
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14
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Zhang B, Xu T. Prognostic significance of pretreatment systemic immune-inflammation index in patients with prostate cancer: a meta-analysis. World J Surg Oncol 2023; 21:2. [PMID: 36600256 PMCID: PMC9814343 DOI: 10.1186/s12957-022-02878-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2022] [Accepted: 12/09/2022] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The SII (systemic immune-inflammation index) has been extensively reported to have a prognostic value in prostate cancer (PCa), despite the unconformable results. The purpose of this meta-analysis is to quantify the effect of pretreatment SII on survival outcomes in patients with PCa. METHODS The following databases were searched: Web of Science, Cochrane Library, PubMed, Embase, and China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI). For exploration of the SII's correlations with the overall survival (OS) and the progression-free survival/biochemical recurrence-free survival (PFS/bRFS) in PCa, the pooled hazard ratios (HRs) were assessed within 95% confidence intervals (CIs). RESULTS The present meta-analysis covered 10 studies with 8133 patients. Among the PCa population, a high SII was linked significantly to poor OS (HR = 2.63, 95% CI = 1.87-3.70, p < 0.001), and worse PFS/bRFS (HR = 2.49, 95% CI = 1.30-4.77, p = 0.006). However, a high SII was not linked significantly to T stage (OR = 1.69, 95% CI = 0.86-3.33, p = 0.128), the metastasis to lymph node (OR = 1.69, 95% CI = 0.69-4.16, p = 0.251), age (OR = 1.41, 95% CI = 0.88-2.23, p = 0.150), or the Gleason score (OR = 1.32, 95% CI = 0.88-1.96, p = 0.178). CONCLUSIONS For the PCa sufferers, the SII might be a promising prognostic biomarker, which is applicable to the high-risk subgroup identification, and provide personalized therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Buwen Zhang
- Department of Oncology, Changxing People’s Hospital, Huzhou, 313199 Zhejiang China
| | - Tao Xu
- Department of Urology, Changxing People’s Hospital, Huzhou, 313199 Zhejiang China
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15
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dos Reis FD, Jerónimo C, Correia MP. Epigenetic modulation and prostate cancer: Paving the way for NK cell anti-tumor immunity. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1152572. [PMID: 37090711 PMCID: PMC10113550 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1152572] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2023] [Accepted: 03/06/2023] [Indexed: 04/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Immunoepigenetics is a growing field, as there is mounting evidence on the key role played by epigenetic mechanisms in the regulation of tumor immune cell recognition and control of immune cell anti-tumor responses. Moreover, it is increasingly acknowledgeable a tie between epigenetic regulation and prostate cancer (PCa) development and progression. PCa is intrinsically a cold tumor, with scarce immune cell infiltration and low inflammatory tumor microenvironment. However, Natural Killer (NK) cells, main anti-tumor effector immune cells, have been frequently linked to improved PCa prognosis. The role that epigenetic-related mechanisms might have in regulating both NK cell recognition of PCa tumor cells and NK cell functions in PCa is still mainly unknown. Epigenetic modulating drugs have been showing boundless therapeutic potential as anti-tumor agents, however their role in immune cell regulation and recognition is scarce. In this review, we focused on studies addressing modulation of epigenetic mechanisms involved in NK cell-mediated responses, including both the epigenetic modulation of tumor cell NK ligand expression and NK cell receptor expression and function in different tumor models, highlighting studies in PCa. The integrated knowledge from diverse epigenetic modulation mechanisms promoting NK cell-mediated immunity in various tumor models might open doors for the development of novel epigenetic-based therapeutic options for PCa management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Filipa D. dos Reis
- Cancer Biology and Epigenetics Group, Research Center of IPO Porto (CI-IPOP)/RISE@CI-IPOP (Health Research Network), Portuguese Oncology Institute of Porto (IPO-Porto)/Porto Comprehensive Cancer Center Raquel Seruca (Porto.CCC), Porto, Portugal
- Master Program in Oncology, School of Medicine & Biomedical Sciences, University of Porto (ICBAS-UP), Porto, Portugal
| | - Carmen Jerónimo
- Cancer Biology and Epigenetics Group, Research Center of IPO Porto (CI-IPOP)/RISE@CI-IPOP (Health Research Network), Portuguese Oncology Institute of Porto (IPO-Porto)/Porto Comprehensive Cancer Center Raquel Seruca (Porto.CCC), Porto, Portugal
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Immunology, School of Medicine & Biomedical Sciences, University of Porto (ICBAS-UP), Porto, Portugal
| | - Margareta P. Correia
- Cancer Biology and Epigenetics Group, Research Center of IPO Porto (CI-IPOP)/RISE@CI-IPOP (Health Research Network), Portuguese Oncology Institute of Porto (IPO-Porto)/Porto Comprehensive Cancer Center Raquel Seruca (Porto.CCC), Porto, Portugal
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Immunology, School of Medicine & Biomedical Sciences, University of Porto (ICBAS-UP), Porto, Portugal
- *Correspondence: Margareta P. Correia,
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16
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Wiśniowski T, Bryda J, Wątroba S. The role of matrix metalloproteinases in pathogenesis, diagnostics, and treatment of human prostate cancer. POSTEP HIG MED DOSW 2023. [DOI: 10.2478/ahem-2023-0002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Abstract
The prostate gland is highly susceptible to oncogenic transformation, many times more than other sex tissues, such as seminal vesicles. In fact, prostate cancer (PCa) will be diagnosed in one in seven lifetime patients, making PCa the subject of intense research aimed at clarifying its biology and providing adequate treatment. PCa is the fourth most common cancer in the world in terms of the overall population and the second most common cancer for the male population. It is postulated that the development of PCa may be influenced by dietary factors, physical and sexual activity, androgens, obesity, and inflammation, but their role in the development of prostate cancer still remains unclear. Extracellular matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) and tissue metalloproteinase inhibitors (TIMPs) play an important role in many physiological and pathological processes, including proliferation, migration, invasion, cell differentiation, participation in inflammatory processes and angiogenesis. Numerous studies point to a direct relationship between MMPs and both local tumor invasion and the formation of distant metastases. High activity of MMPs is observed in solid tumors of various origins, which positively correlates with a poor overall survival rate. Although biochemical diagnostic markers of PCa are currently available, from the point of view of clinical practice, it seems particularly important to develop new and more sensitive markers allowing for early diagnosis and long-term monitoring of patients after PCa treatment, and the assessment of MMP activity in urine and serum of patients are potential factors that could play such a role.
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17
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Al Shareef Z, Ershaid MNA, Mudhafar R, Soliman SSM, Kypta RM. Dickkopf-3: An Update on a Potential Regulator of the Tumor Microenvironment. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14235822. [PMID: 36497305 PMCID: PMC9738550 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14235822] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2022] [Revised: 11/10/2022] [Accepted: 11/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Dickkopf-3 (Dkk-3) is a member of the Dickkopf family protein of secreted Wingless-related integration site (Wnt) antagonists that appears to modulate regulators of the host microenvironment. In contrast to the clear anti-tumorigenic effects of Dkk-3-based gene therapies, the role of endogenous Dkk-3 in cancer is context-dependent, with elevated expression associated with tumor promotion and suppression in different settings. The receptors and effectors that mediate the diverse effects of Dkk-3 have not been characterized in detail, contributing to an ongoing mystery of its mechanism of action. This review compares the various functions of Dkk-3 in the tumor microenvironment, where Dkk-3 has been found to be expressed by subpopulations of fibroblasts, endothelial, and immune cells, in addition to epithelial cells. We also discuss how the activation or inhibition of Dkk-3, depending on tumor type and context, might be used to treat different types of cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zainab Al Shareef
- College of Medicine, University of Sharjah, Sharjah P.O. Box 27272, United Arab Emirates
- Research Institute for Medical and Health Sciences, University of Sharjah, Sharjah P.O. Box 27272, United Arab Emirates
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +971-6505-7250
| | - Mai Nidal Asad Ershaid
- Research Institute for Medical and Health Sciences, University of Sharjah, Sharjah P.O. Box 27272, United Arab Emirates
| | - Rula Mudhafar
- Research Institute for Medical and Health Sciences, University of Sharjah, Sharjah P.O. Box 27272, United Arab Emirates
| | - Sameh S. M. Soliman
- Research Institute for Medical and Health Sciences, University of Sharjah, Sharjah P.O. Box 27272, United Arab Emirates
- College of Pharmacy, University of Sharjah, Sharjah P.O. Box 27272, United Arab Emirates
| | - Robert M. Kypta
- CIC BioGUNE, Basque Research and Technology Alliance, BRTA, Bizkaia Technology Park, 48160 Derio, Spain
- Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London, London W12 0NN, UK
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18
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Wang L, He W, Shi G, Zhao G, Cen Z, Xu F, Tian W, Zhao X, Mo C. Accuracy of novel urinary biomarker tests in the diagnosis of prostate cancer: A systematic review and network meta-analysis. Front Oncol 2022; 12:1048876. [PMID: 36457516 PMCID: PMC9706202 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.1048876] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2022] [Accepted: 10/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
ObjectiveThe purpose of this study was to conduct a network meta-analysis comparing the diagnostic value of different urinary markers for prostate cancer.MethodsAs of June 2022, the literature was retrieved by searching Pubmed, EMBASE, Web of Science databases and other databases. The methodological quality of included studies was assessed using the Cochrane Collaboration’s risk of bias tool, and publication bias was assessed using funnel plots. The surface under the cumulative ranking curve (SUCRA) values was used to determine the most effective diagnostic method and the data were analyzed accordingly using data analysis software.ResultsA total of 16 articles was included including 9952 patients. The ranking results of network meta-analysis showed that the diagnostic performance of the four urine markers Selectmdx, MIPS, PCA3 and EPI was better than that of PSA. Among them, the specificity, positive predictive value and diagnostic accuracy of Selectmdx ranked first in the SUCRA ranking (SUCRA values: 85.2%, 88.3%, 97.1%), and the sensitivity ranked second in the SUCRA ranking (SUCRA value: 54.4%), and the negative predictive value ranked fourth in SUCRA (SUCRA value: 51.6%). The most sensitive screening tool was MIPS (SUCRA value: 67.1%), and it was also the second screening tool ranked higher in specificity, positive predictive value, negative predictive value and diagnostic accuracy (SUCRA value: 56.5%, respectively)., 57.1%, 67.9%, 74.3%). The high negative predictive value SUCRA ranking is EPI (SUCRA value: 68.0%), its sensitivity ranks third (SUCRA value: 45.6%), and its specificity, positive predictive value and diagnostic accuracy are ranked fourth (SUCRA values are: 45%, 38.2%, 35.8%).ConclusionAccording to the network ranking diagram, we finally concluded that Selectmdx and MIPS can be used as the most suitable urine markers for prostate cancer screening and diagnosis. To further explore the diagnostic value of different urinary markers in the screening of PCa patients.Systematic Review Registrationhttps://inplasy.com/, identifier INPLASY202290094.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leibo Wang
- Surgery, Guizhou Orthopaedic Hospital, Guiyang, Guizhou, China
- *Correspondence: Leibo Wang, ; Guanyu Shi,
| | - Wei He
- Surgery, Guizhou Orthopaedic Hospital, Guiyang, Guizhou, China
| | - Guanyu Shi
- Department of Urology, Fenggang County People’s Hospital, Zunyi, Guizhou, China
- *Correspondence: Leibo Wang, ; Guanyu Shi,
| | - Guoqiang Zhao
- Surgery, Guizhou Orthopaedic Hospital, Guiyang, Guizhou, China
| | - Zhuangding Cen
- Surgery, Guizhou Orthopaedic Hospital, Guiyang, Guizhou, China
| | - Feng Xu
- Surgery, Guizhou Orthopaedic Hospital, Guiyang, Guizhou, China
| | - Wu Tian
- Surgery, Guizhou Orthopaedic Hospital, Guiyang, Guizhou, China
| | - Xin Zhao
- Surgery, Guizhou Orthopaedic Hospital, Guiyang, Guizhou, China
| | - Chishou Mo
- Surgery, Guizhou Orthopaedic Hospital, Guiyang, Guizhou, China
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19
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Del Giudice M, Foster JG, Peirone S, Rissone A, Caizzi L, Gaudino F, Parlato C, Anselmi F, Arkell R, Guarrera S, Oliviero S, Basso G, Rajan P, Cereda M. FOXA1 regulates alternative splicing in prostate cancer. Cell Rep 2022; 40:111404. [PMID: 36170835 PMCID: PMC9532847 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2022.111404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2021] [Revised: 05/28/2022] [Accepted: 09/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Dysregulation of alternative splicing in prostate cancer is linked to transcriptional programs activated by AR, ERG, FOXA1, and MYC. Here, we show that FOXA1 functions as the primary orchestrator of alternative splicing dysregulation across 500 primary and metastatic prostate cancer transcriptomes. We demonstrate that FOXA1 binds to the regulatory regions of splicing-related genes, including HNRNPK and SRSF1. By controlling trans-acting factor expression, FOXA1 exploits an "exon definition" mechanism calibrating alternative splicing toward dominant isoform production. This regulation especially impacts splicing factors themselves and leads to a reduction of nonsense-mediated decay (NMD)-targeted isoforms. Inclusion of the NMD-determinant FLNA exon 30 by FOXA1-controlled oncogene SRSF1 promotes cell growth in vitro and predicts disease recurrence. Overall, we report a role for FOXA1 in rewiring the alternative splicing landscape in prostate cancer through a cascade of events from chromatin access, to splicing factor regulation, and, finally, to alternative splicing of exons influencing patient survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Del Giudice
- Italian Institute for Genomic Medicine, c/o IRCCS, Str. Prov. le 142, km 3.95, 10060 Candiolo (TO), Italy; Candiolo Cancer Institute, FPO-IRCCS, Str. Prov. le 142, km 3.95, 10060 Candiolo (TO), Italy
| | - John G Foster
- Centre for Cancer Cell and Molecular Biology, Barts Cancer Institute, Cancer Research UK Barts Centre, Queen Mary University of London, Charterhouse Square, London EC1M 6BQ, UK
| | - Serena Peirone
- Italian Institute for Genomic Medicine, c/o IRCCS, Str. Prov. le 142, km 3.95, 10060 Candiolo (TO), Italy; Department of Biosciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Celoria 26, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Alberto Rissone
- Italian Institute for Genomic Medicine, c/o IRCCS, Str. Prov. le 142, km 3.95, 10060 Candiolo (TO), Italy; Candiolo Cancer Institute, FPO-IRCCS, Str. Prov. le 142, km 3.95, 10060 Candiolo (TO), Italy
| | - Livia Caizzi
- Italian Institute for Genomic Medicine, c/o IRCCS, Str. Prov. le 142, km 3.95, 10060 Candiolo (TO), Italy; Candiolo Cancer Institute, FPO-IRCCS, Str. Prov. le 142, km 3.95, 10060 Candiolo (TO), Italy
| | - Federica Gaudino
- Italian Institute for Genomic Medicine, c/o IRCCS, Str. Prov. le 142, km 3.95, 10060 Candiolo (TO), Italy; Candiolo Cancer Institute, FPO-IRCCS, Str. Prov. le 142, km 3.95, 10060 Candiolo (TO), Italy
| | - Caterina Parlato
- Italian Institute for Genomic Medicine, c/o IRCCS, Str. Prov. le 142, km 3.95, 10060 Candiolo (TO), Italy; Candiolo Cancer Institute, FPO-IRCCS, Str. Prov. le 142, km 3.95, 10060 Candiolo (TO), Italy
| | - Francesca Anselmi
- Italian Institute for Genomic Medicine, c/o IRCCS, Str. Prov. le 142, km 3.95, 10060 Candiolo (TO), Italy; Department of Life Science and System Biology, Università degli Studi di Torino, via Accademia Albertina 13, 10123 Turin, Italy
| | - Rebecca Arkell
- Centre for Cancer Cell and Molecular Biology, Barts Cancer Institute, Cancer Research UK Barts Centre, Queen Mary University of London, Charterhouse Square, London EC1M 6BQ, UK
| | - Simonetta Guarrera
- Italian Institute for Genomic Medicine, c/o IRCCS, Str. Prov. le 142, km 3.95, 10060 Candiolo (TO), Italy; Candiolo Cancer Institute, FPO-IRCCS, Str. Prov. le 142, km 3.95, 10060 Candiolo (TO), Italy
| | - Salvatore Oliviero
- Italian Institute for Genomic Medicine, c/o IRCCS, Str. Prov. le 142, km 3.95, 10060 Candiolo (TO), Italy; Department of Life Science and System Biology, Università degli Studi di Torino, via Accademia Albertina 13, 10123 Turin, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Basso
- Italian Institute for Genomic Medicine, c/o IRCCS, Str. Prov. le 142, km 3.95, 10060 Candiolo (TO), Italy; Candiolo Cancer Institute, FPO-IRCCS, Str. Prov. le 142, km 3.95, 10060 Candiolo (TO), Italy
| | - Prabhakar Rajan
- Centre for Cancer Cell and Molecular Biology, Barts Cancer Institute, Cancer Research UK Barts Centre, Queen Mary University of London, Charterhouse Square, London EC1M 6BQ, UK; Division of Surgery and Interventional Science, University College London, Charles Bell House, 3 Road Floor, 43-45 Foley Street, London W1W 7TS, UK; The Alan Turing Institute, British Library, 96 Euston Road, London NW1 2DB, UK; Department of Urology, Barts Health NHS Trust, the Royal London Hospital, Whitechapel Road, London E1 1BB, UK; Department of Uro-oncology, University College London NHS Foundation Trust, 47 Wimpole Street, London W1G 8SE, UK.
| | - Matteo Cereda
- Italian Institute for Genomic Medicine, c/o IRCCS, Str. Prov. le 142, km 3.95, 10060 Candiolo (TO), Italy; Department of Biosciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Celoria 26, 20133 Milan, Italy.
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20
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Johnson RP, Ratnacaram CK, Kumar L, Jose J. Combinatorial approaches of nanotherapeutics for inflammatory pathway targeted therapy of prostate cancer. Drug Resist Updat 2022; 64:100865. [PMID: 36099796 DOI: 10.1016/j.drup.2022.100865] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2022] [Revised: 08/27/2022] [Accepted: 08/30/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Prostate cancer (PC) is the most prevalent male urogenital cancer worldwide. PC patients presenting an advanced or metastatic cancer succumb to the disease, even after therapeutic interventions including radiotherapy, surgery, androgen deprivation therapy (ADT), and chemotherapy. One of the hallmarks of PC is evading immune surveillance and chronic inflammation, which is a major challenge towards designing effective therapeutic formulations against PC. Chronic inflammation in PC is often characterized by tumor microenvironment alterations, epithelial-mesenchymal transition and extracellular matrix modifications. The inflammatory events are modulated by reactive nitrogen and oxygen species, inflammatory cytokines and chemokines. Major signaling pathways in PC includes androgen receptor, PI3K and NF-κB pathways and targeting these inter-linked pathways poses a major therapeutic challenge. Notably, many conventional treatments are clinically unsuccessful, due to lack of targetability and poor bioavailability of the therapeutics, untoward toxicity and multidrug resistance. The past decade witnessed an advancement of nanotechnology as an excellent therapeutic paradigm for PC therapy. Modern nanovectorization strategies such as stimuli-responsive and active PC targeting carriers offer controlled release patterns and superior anti-cancer effects. The current review initially describes the classification, inflammatory triggers and major inflammatory pathways of PC, various PC treatment strategies and their limitations. Subsequently, recent advancement in combinatorial nanotherapeutic approaches, which target PC inflammatory pathways, and the mechanism of action are discussed. Besides, the current clinical status and prospects of PC homing nanovectorization, and major challenges to be addressed towards the advancement PC therapy are also addressed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renjith P Johnson
- Polymer Nanobiomaterial Research Laboratory, Nanoscience and Microfluidics Division, Yenepoya Research Centre, Yenepoya (Deemed to be University), Mangalore, Karnataka 575018, India
| | - Chandrahas Koumar Ratnacaram
- Cell Signaling and Cancer Biology Division, Yenepoya Research Centre, Yenepoya (Deemed to be University), Mangalore, Karnataka 575018, India
| | - Lalit Kumar
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Manipal College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Udupi, Karnataka 576 104, India
| | - Jobin Jose
- NITTE Deemed-to-be University, NGSM Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Department of Pharmaceutics, Mangalore 575018, India.
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21
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Fath MK, Ebrahimi M, Nourbakhsh E, Hazara AZ, Mirzaei A, Shafieyari S, Salehi A, Hoseinzadeh M, Payandeh Z, Barati G. PI3K/Akt/mTOR Signaling Pathway in Cancer Stem Cells. Pathol Res Pract 2022; 237:154010. [DOI: 10.1016/j.prp.2022.154010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2022] [Revised: 06/21/2022] [Accepted: 06/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
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22
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Maldarine JS, Sanches BDA, Santos VA, Góes RM, Vilamaior PSL, Carvalho HF, Taboga SR. The complex role of telocytes in female prostate tumorigenesis in a rodent model. Cell Biol Int 2022; 46:1495-1509. [PMID: 35598087 DOI: 10.1002/cbin.11816] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2021] [Revised: 04/05/2022] [Accepted: 05/02/2022] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
The prostate is not an organ exclusive to the male. It is also found in females of several species, including humans, in which part of the Skene gland is homologous to the male prostate. Evidence is accumulating that changes in the stroma are central to tumorigenesis. Equally, telocytes, a recently discovered type of interstitial cell, are essential for the maintenance of stromal organization. However, it is still uncertain whether there are telocytes in the female prostate and if they play a role in tumorigenesis. The present study used ultrastructural and immunofluorescence techniques to investigate the presence of telocytes in the prostate of Mongolian gerbil females, a rodent model that often has a functional prostate in females, as well as to assess the impact of a combination of N-ethyl-N-nitrosourea, testosterone, and estradiol on telocytes. The results point to the presence of telocytes in the female prostate in the perialveolar and interalveolar regions, and reveal that these cells are absent in regions of benign and premalignant lesions in the gland, in which the perialveolar smooth muscle is altered. Additionally, telocytes are also closely associated with infiltrated immune cells in the stroma. Our data suggest that telocytes are important for both the maintenance of smooth muscle and prostatic epithelium integrity, which indicates a protective role against the advancement of tumorigenesis. But telocytes are also associated with immune cells and a proinflammatory/proangiogenic role for these cells cannot be ruled out, implying that telocytes have a complex role in prostatic tumorigenesis in females.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juliana S Maldarine
- Department of Structural and Functional Biology, Institute of Biology, State University of Campinas (UNICAMP), São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Bruno D A Sanches
- Department of Structural and Functional Biology, Institute of Biology, State University of Campinas (UNICAMP), São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Vitória A Santos
- Department of Biological Sciences, Laboratory of Microscopy and Microanalysis, Universidade Estadual Paulista-UNESP, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Rejane M Góes
- Department of Biological Sciences, Laboratory of Microscopy and Microanalysis, Universidade Estadual Paulista-UNESP, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Patricia S L Vilamaior
- Department of Biological Sciences, Laboratory of Microscopy and Microanalysis, Universidade Estadual Paulista-UNESP, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Hernandes F Carvalho
- Department of Structural and Functional Biology, Institute of Biology, State University of Campinas (UNICAMP), São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Sebastião R Taboga
- Department of Structural and Functional Biology, Institute of Biology, State University of Campinas (UNICAMP), São Paulo, Brazil.,Department of Biological Sciences, Laboratory of Microscopy and Microanalysis, Universidade Estadual Paulista-UNESP, São Paulo, Brazil
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23
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IL-6 Signaling Link between Inflammatory Tumor Microenvironment and Prostatic Tumorigenesis. Anal Cell Pathol (Amst) 2022; 2022:5980387. [PMID: 35464825 PMCID: PMC9019459 DOI: 10.1155/2022/5980387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2021] [Revised: 02/28/2022] [Accepted: 03/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Benign prostatic hyperplasia and prostate cancer are tumoral pathologies characterized by the overexpression of inflammatory processes. The exploration of tumor microenvironment and understanding the sequential events that take place in the stromal area of the prostate could help for an early management of these pathologies. This way, it is feasible the hypothesis that normalizing the stromal environment would help to suppress or even to reverse tumor fenotype. A number of immunological and genetic factors, endocrine dysfunctions, metabolic disorders, infectious foci, nutritional deficiencies, and chemical irritants could be involved in prostate tumor development by maintaining inflammation, affecting local microcirculation, and promoting oxidative stress. Inflammatory processes activate hyperproliferative programs that ensure fibromuscular growth of the prostate and a number of extracellular changes. Acute and chronic inflammations cause accumulation of immunocompetent cells in affected prostate tissue (T cells, macrophages, mastocytes, dendritic cells, neutrophils, eosinophils, monocytes). Prostate epithelial and stromal cells, peri-prostatic fat cells, prostatic microvascular endothelial cells, and inflammatory cells produce cytokines, generating a local inflammatory environment. Interleukin-6 (IL-6) proved to be involved in the prostate tumor pathogenesis. IL-6 ability to induce pro- and anti-inflammatory responses by three mechanisms of signal transduction (classical signaling, transsignaling, cluster signaling), to interact with a diversity of target cells, to induce endocrine effects in an autocrine/paracrine manner, and the identification of an IL-6 endogenous antagonist that blocks the transmission of IL-6 mediated intracellular signals could justify current theories on the protective effects of this cytokine or by alleviating inflammatory reactions or by exacerbating tissue damage. This analysis presents recent data about the role of the inflammatory process as a determining factor in the development of benign and malign prostate tumors. The presented findings could bring improvements in the field of physiopathology, diagnosis, and treatment in patients with prostate tumors. Modulation of the expression and activity of interleukin-6 could be a mean of preventing or improving these pathologies.
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24
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Papachristodoulou A, Abate-Shen C. Precision intervention for prostate cancer: Re-evaluating who is at risk. Cancer Lett 2022; 538:215709. [DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2022.215709] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2021] [Revised: 03/30/2022] [Accepted: 04/25/2022] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
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25
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Sakellakis M, Flores L, Ramachandran S. Patterns of indolence in prostate cancer (Review). Exp Ther Med 2022; 23:351. [PMID: 35493432 PMCID: PMC9019743 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2022.11278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2022] [Accepted: 03/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Although prostate cancer is a major cause of cancer-related mortality worldwide, most patients will have a relatively indolent clinical course. Contrary to most other types of cancer, even the diagnosis of locally advanced or metastatic disease is not always lethal. The present review aimed to summarize what is known regarding the underlying mechanisms related to the indolent course of subsets of prostate cancer, at various stages. The data suggested that no specific gene alteration by itself was responsible for carcinogenesis or disease aggressiveness. However, pathway analysis identified genetic aberrations in multiple critical pathways that tend to accumulate over the course of the disease. The progression from indolence into aggressive disease is associated with a complex interplay in which genetic and epigenetic factors are involved. The effect of the immune tumor microenvironment is also very important. Emerging evidence has suggested that the upregulation of pathways related to cellular aging and senescence can identify patients with indolent disease. In addition, a number of tumors enter a long-lasting quiescent state. Further research will determine whether halting tumor evolution is a feasible option, and whether the life of patients can be markedly prolonged by inducing tumor senescence or long-term dormancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minas Sakellakis
- Fourth Oncology Department and Comprehensive Clinical Trials Center, Metropolitan Hospital, 18547 Athens, Greece
| | - Laura Flores
- Department of Stem Cell Transplantation and Cellular Therapy, MD Anderson Cancer Center, University of Texas, Houston, TX 77025, USA
| | - Sumankalai Ramachandran
- Department of Genitourinary Oncology, MD Anderson Cancer Center, University of Texas, Houston, TX 77025, USA
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26
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Nuclear expression of pSTAT3Tyr705 and pSTAT3Ser727 in the stromal compartment of localized hormone-naïve prostate cancer. Pathol Res Pract 2022; 232:153811. [DOI: 10.1016/j.prp.2022.153811] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2021] [Revised: 02/16/2022] [Accepted: 02/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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27
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García-Caballero M, Torres-Vargas JA, Marrero AD, Martínez-Poveda B, Medina MÁ, Quesada AR. Angioprevention of Urologic Cancers by Plant-Derived Foods. Pharmaceutics 2022; 14:pharmaceutics14020256. [PMID: 35213989 PMCID: PMC8875200 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics14020256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2021] [Revised: 01/16/2022] [Accepted: 01/18/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The number of cancer cases worldwide keeps growing unstoppably, despite the undeniable advances achieved by basic research and clinical practice. Urologic tumors, including some as prevalent as prostate, bladder or kidney tumors, are no exceptions to this rule. Moreover, the fact that many of these tumors are detected in early stages lengthens the duration of their treatment, with a significant increase in health care costs. In this scenario, prevention offers the most cost-effective long-term strategy for the global control of these diseases. Although specialized diets are not the only way to decrease the chances to develop cancer, epidemiological evidence support the role of certain plant-derived foods in the prevention of urologic cancer. In many cases, these plants are rich in antiangiogenic phytochemicals, which could be responsible for their protective or angiopreventive properties. Angiogenesis inhibition may contribute to slow down the progression of the tumor at very different stages and, for this reason, angiopreventive strategies could be implemented at different levels of chemoprevention, depending on the targeted population. In this review, epidemiological evidence supporting the role of certain plant-derived foods in urologic cancer prevention are presented, with particular emphasis on their content in bioactive phytochemicals that could be used in the angioprevention of cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melissa García-Caballero
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Faculty of Sciences, University of Malaga, Andalucía Tech, E-29071 Malaga, Spain; (M.G.-C.); (J.A.T.-V.); (A.D.M.); (B.M.-P.); (M.Á.M.)
- IBIMA (Biomedical Research Institute of Malaga), E-29071 Malaga, Spain
| | - José Antonio Torres-Vargas
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Faculty of Sciences, University of Malaga, Andalucía Tech, E-29071 Malaga, Spain; (M.G.-C.); (J.A.T.-V.); (A.D.M.); (B.M.-P.); (M.Á.M.)
- IBIMA (Biomedical Research Institute of Malaga), E-29071 Malaga, Spain
| | - Ana Dácil Marrero
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Faculty of Sciences, University of Malaga, Andalucía Tech, E-29071 Malaga, Spain; (M.G.-C.); (J.A.T.-V.); (A.D.M.); (B.M.-P.); (M.Á.M.)
- IBIMA (Biomedical Research Institute of Malaga), E-29071 Malaga, Spain
| | - Beatriz Martínez-Poveda
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Faculty of Sciences, University of Malaga, Andalucía Tech, E-29071 Malaga, Spain; (M.G.-C.); (J.A.T.-V.); (A.D.M.); (B.M.-P.); (M.Á.M.)
- IBIMA (Biomedical Research Institute of Malaga), E-29071 Malaga, Spain
- CIBER de Enfermedades Cardiovasculares (CIBERCV), E-28019 Madrid, Spain
| | - Miguel Ángel Medina
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Faculty of Sciences, University of Malaga, Andalucía Tech, E-29071 Malaga, Spain; (M.G.-C.); (J.A.T.-V.); (A.D.M.); (B.M.-P.); (M.Á.M.)
- IBIMA (Biomedical Research Institute of Malaga), E-29071 Malaga, Spain
- CIBER de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), E-29071 Malaga, Spain
| | - Ana R. Quesada
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Faculty of Sciences, University of Malaga, Andalucía Tech, E-29071 Malaga, Spain; (M.G.-C.); (J.A.T.-V.); (A.D.M.); (B.M.-P.); (M.Á.M.)
- IBIMA (Biomedical Research Institute of Malaga), E-29071 Malaga, Spain
- CIBER de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), E-29071 Malaga, Spain
- Correspondence:
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28
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Bone Marrow-Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells Migrate toward Hormone-Insensitive Prostate Tumor Cells Expressing TGF-β via N-Cadherin. Biomedicines 2021; 9:biomedicines9111572. [PMID: 34829800 PMCID: PMC8615076 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines9111572] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2021] [Revised: 10/20/2021] [Accepted: 10/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The prostate tumor microenvironment plays important roles in the metastasis and hormone-insensitive re-growth of tumor cells. Bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (BM-MSCs) are recruited into prostate tumors to facilitate tumor microenvironment formation. However, the specific intrinsic molecules mediating BM-MSCs’ migration to prostate tumors are unknown. BM-MSCs’ migration toward a conditioned medium (CM) of hormone-insensitive (PC3 and DU145) or hormone-sensitive (LNCaP) prostate tumor cells was investigated using a three-dimensional cell migration assay and a transwell migration assay. PC3 and DU145 expressed transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β), but LNCaP did not. Regardless of TGF-β expression, BM-MSCs migrated toward the CM of PC3, DU145, or LNCaP. The CM of PC3 or DU145 expressing TGF-β increased the phosphorylation of Smad2/3 in BM-MSCs. Inactivation of TGF-β signaling in BM-MSCs using TGF-β type 1 receptor (TGFBR1) inhibitors, SB505124, or SB431542 did not allow BM-MSCs to migrate toward the CM. The CM of PC3 or DU145 enhanced N-cadherin expression on BM-MSCs, but the LNCaP CM did not. SB505124, SB431542, and TGFBR1 knockdown prevented an increase in N-cadherin expression. N-cadherin knockdown inhibited the collective migration of BM-MSCs toward the PC3 CM. We identified N-cadherin as a mediator of BM-MSCs’ migration toward hormone-insensitive prostate tumor cells expressing TGF-β and introduced a novel strategy for controlling and re-engineering the prostate tumor microenvironment.
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Giunta EF, Annaratone L, Bollito E, Porpiglia F, Cereda M, Banna GL, Mosca A, Marchiò C, Rescigno P. Molecular Characterization of Prostate Cancers in the Precision Medicine Era. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:4771. [PMID: 34638258 PMCID: PMC8507555 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13194771] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2021] [Revised: 09/16/2021] [Accepted: 09/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Prostate cancer (PCa) therapy has been recently revolutionized by the approval of new therapeutic agents in the metastatic setting. However, the optimal therapeutic strategy in such patients should be individualized in the light of prognostic and predictive molecular factors, which have been recently studied: androgen receptor (AR) alterations, PTEN-PI3K-AKT pathway deregulation, homologous recombination deficiency (HRD), mismatch repair deficiency (MMRd), and tumor microenvironment (TME) modifications. In this review, we highlighted the clinical impact of prognostic and predictive molecular factors in PCa patients' outcomes, identifying biologically distinct subtypes. We further analyzed the relevant methods to detect these factors, both on tissue, i.e., immunohistochemistry (IHC) and molecular tests, and blood, i.e., analysis of circulating tumor cells (CTCs) and circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA). Moreover, we discussed the main pros and cons of such techniques, depicting their present and future roles in PCa management, throughout the precision medicine era.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emilio Francesco Giunta
- Medical Oncology, Department of Precision Medicine, Università degli Studi della Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, 80131 Naples, Italy;
| | - Laura Annaratone
- Department of Medical Sciences, University of Turin, 10126 Turin, Italy; (L.A.); (C.M.)
- Pathology Unit, Candiolo Cancer Institute, FPO-IRCCS, Candiolo, 10060 Turin, Italy
| | - Enrico Bollito
- Department of Pathology, University of Turin, San Luigi Gonzaga Hospital, Orbassano, 10043 Turin, Italy;
| | - Francesco Porpiglia
- Department of Urology, University of Turin, San Luigi Gonzaga Hospital, Orbassano, 10043 Turin, Italy;
| | - Matteo Cereda
- Cancer Genomics and Bioinformatics Unit, IIGM-Italian Institute for Genomic Medicine, c/o IRCCS Candiolo, 10060 Turin, Italy;
- Candiolo Cancer Institute, FPO—IRCCS, Str. Prov.le 142, km 3.95, 10060 Candiolo, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Luigi Banna
- Department of Oncology, Portsmouth Hospitals University NHS Trust, Portsmouth PO2 8QD, UK;
| | - Alessandra Mosca
- Multidisciplinary Outpatient Oncology Clinic, Candiolo Cancer Institute, FPO-IRCCS, Candiolo, 10060 Turin, Italy;
| | - Caterina Marchiò
- Department of Medical Sciences, University of Turin, 10126 Turin, Italy; (L.A.); (C.M.)
- Pathology Unit, Candiolo Cancer Institute, FPO-IRCCS, Candiolo, 10060 Turin, Italy
| | - Pasquale Rescigno
- Interdisciplinary Group for Translational Research and Clinical Trials, Urological Cancers (GIRT-Uro), Candiolo Cancer Institute, FPO-IRCCS, Candiolo, 10060 Turin, Italy
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30
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Movassaghi M, Chung R, Anderson CB, Stein M, Saenger Y, Faiena I. Overcoming Immune Resistance in Prostate Cancer: Challenges and Advances. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13194757. [PMID: 34638243 PMCID: PMC8507531 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13194757] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2021] [Revised: 09/19/2021] [Accepted: 09/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Immunotherapy has changed the landscape of treatment modalities available for many different types of malignancies. However, the factors that influence the success of immunotherapeutics have not been as clearly seen in advanced prostate cancer, likely due to immunosuppressive factors that exist within the prostate cancer tumor microenvironment. While there have been many immunotherapeutics used for prostate cancer, the majority have targeted a single immunosuppressive mechanism resulting in limited clinical efficacy. More recent research centered on elucidating the key mechanisms of immune resistance in the prostate tumor microenvironment has led to the discovery of a range of new treatment targets. With that in mind, many clinical trials have now set out to evaluate combination immunotherapeutic strategies in patients with advanced prostate cancer, in the hopes of circumventing the immunosuppressive mechanisms. Abstract The use of immunotherapy has become a critical treatment modality in many advanced cancers. However, immunotherapy in prostate cancer has not been met with similar success. Multiple interrelated mechanisms, such as low tumor mutational burden, immunosuppressive cells, and impaired cellular immunity, appear to subvert the immune system, creating an immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment and leading to lower treatment efficacy in advanced prostate cancer. The lethality of metastatic castrate-resistant prostate cancer is driven by the lack of therapeutic regimens capable of generating durable responses. Multiple strategies are currently being tested to overcome immune resistance including combining various classes of treatment modalities. Several completed and ongoing trials have shown that combining vaccines or checkpoint inhibitors with hormonal therapy, radiotherapy, antibody–drug conjugates, chimeric antigen receptor T cell therapy, or chemotherapy may enhance immune responses and induce long-lasting clinical responses without significant toxicity. Here, we review the current state of immunotherapy for prostate cancer, as well as tumor-specific mechanisms underlying therapeutic resistance, with a comprehensive look at the current preclinical and clinical immunotherapeutic strategies aimed at overcoming the immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment and impaired cellular immunity that have largely limited the utility of immunotherapy in advanced prostate cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miyad Movassaghi
- Department of Urology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA; (R.C.); (C.B.A.)
- Correspondence: (M.M.); (I.F.)
| | - Rainjade Chung
- Department of Urology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA; (R.C.); (C.B.A.)
| | - Christopher B. Anderson
- Department of Urology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA; (R.C.); (C.B.A.)
| | - Mark Stein
- Department of Medicine, Division of Medical Oncology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA; (M.S.); (Y.S.)
| | - Yvonne Saenger
- Department of Medicine, Division of Medical Oncology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA; (M.S.); (Y.S.)
| | - Izak Faiena
- Department of Urology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA; (R.C.); (C.B.A.)
- Correspondence: (M.M.); (I.F.)
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31
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Drosophila Accessory Gland: A Complementary In Vivo Model to Bring New Insight to Prostate Cancer. Cells 2021; 10:cells10092387. [PMID: 34572036 PMCID: PMC8468328 DOI: 10.3390/cells10092387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2021] [Revised: 09/03/2021] [Accepted: 09/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Prostate cancer is the most common cancer in aging men. Despite recent progress, there are still few effective treatments to cure its aggressive and metastatic stages. A better understanding of the molecular mechanisms driving disease initiation and progression appears essential to support the development of more efficient therapies and improve patient care. To do so, multiple research models, such as cell culture and mouse models, have been developed over the years and have improved our comprehension of the biology of the disease. Recently, a new model has been added with the use of the Drosophila accessory gland. With a high level of conservation of major signaling pathways implicated in human disease, this functional equivalent of the prostate represents a powerful, inexpensive, and rapid in vivo model to study epithelial carcinogenesis. The purpose of this review is to quickly overview the existing prostate cancer models, including their strengths and limitations. In particular, we discuss how the Drosophila accessory gland can be integrated as a convenient complementary model by bringing new understanding in the mechanisms driving prostate epithelial tumorigenesis, from initiation to metastatic formation.
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32
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Li M, Gonye AL, Truskowski K, Loftus LV, Urbanski LA, Myers KV, Mallin MM, Yang ME, Mendez SA, Kostecka LG, Udedibor CR, Kim CJ, Kuczler MD, Shin GH, Amend SR, Pienta KJ. Twelve unanswered questions in cancer inspired by the life and work of Leland Chung: "if this is true, what does it imply"? AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CLINICAL AND EXPERIMENTAL UROLOGY 2021; 9:254-260. [PMID: 34541023 PMCID: PMC8446763] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2021] [Accepted: 08/17/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Melvin Li
- The Brady Urological Institute, Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions Baltimore, MD 21287, USA
| | - Anna Lk Gonye
- The Brady Urological Institute, Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions Baltimore, MD 21287, USA
| | - Kevin Truskowski
- The Brady Urological Institute, Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions Baltimore, MD 21287, USA
| | - Luke V Loftus
- The Brady Urological Institute, Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions Baltimore, MD 21287, USA
| | - Lanie A Urbanski
- The Brady Urological Institute, Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions Baltimore, MD 21287, USA
| | - Kayla V Myers
- The Brady Urological Institute, Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions Baltimore, MD 21287, USA
| | - Mikaela M Mallin
- The Brady Urological Institute, Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions Baltimore, MD 21287, USA
| | - Margaret E Yang
- The Brady Urological Institute, Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions Baltimore, MD 21287, USA
| | - Sabrina A Mendez
- The Brady Urological Institute, Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions Baltimore, MD 21287, USA
| | - Laurie G Kostecka
- The Brady Urological Institute, Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions Baltimore, MD 21287, USA
| | - Chiamaka R Udedibor
- The Brady Urological Institute, Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions Baltimore, MD 21287, USA
| | - Chi-Ju Kim
- The Brady Urological Institute, Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions Baltimore, MD 21287, USA
| | - Morgan D Kuczler
- The Brady Urological Institute, Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions Baltimore, MD 21287, USA
| | - Gloria H Shin
- The Brady Urological Institute, Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions Baltimore, MD 21287, USA
| | - Sarah R Amend
- The Brady Urological Institute, Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions Baltimore, MD 21287, USA
| | - Kenneth J Pienta
- The Brady Urological Institute, Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions Baltimore, MD 21287, USA
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Habič A, Novak M, Majc B, Lah Turnšek T, Breznik B. Proteases Regulate Cancer Stem Cell Properties and Remodel Their Microenvironment. J Histochem Cytochem 2021; 69:775-794. [PMID: 34310223 DOI: 10.1369/00221554211035192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Proteolytic activity is perturbed in tumors and their microenvironment, and proteases also affect cancer stem cells (CSCs). CSCs are the therapy-resistant subpopulation of cancer cells with tumor-initiating capacity that reside in specialized tumor microenvironment niches. In this review, we briefly summarize the significance of proteases in regulating CSC activities with a focus on brain tumor glioblastoma. A plethora of proteases and their inhibitors participate in CSC invasiveness and affect intercellular interactions, enhancing CSC immune, irradiation, and chemotherapy resilience. Apart from their role in degrading the extracellular matrix enabling CSC migration in and out of their niches, we review the ability of proteases to modulate CSC properties, which prevents their elimination. When designing protease-oriented therapies, the multifaceted roles of proteases should be thoroughly investigated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anamarija Habič
- Department of Genetic Toxicology and Cancer Biology, National Institute of Biology, Ljubljana, Slovenia.,The Jožef Stefan International Postgraduate School, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Metka Novak
- Department of Genetic Toxicology and Cancer Biology, National Institute of Biology, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Bernarda Majc
- Department of Genetic Toxicology and Cancer Biology, National Institute of Biology, Ljubljana, Slovenia.,The Jožef Stefan International Postgraduate School, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Tamara Lah Turnšek
- Department of Genetic Toxicology and Cancer Biology, National Institute of Biology, Ljubljana, Slovenia.,The Jožef Stefan International Postgraduate School, Ljubljana, Slovenia.,Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Technology, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Barbara Breznik
- Department of Genetic Toxicology and Cancer Biology, National Institute of Biology, Ljubljana, Slovenia
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34
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Target Heterogeneity in Oncology: The Best Predictor for Differential Response to Radioligand Therapy in Neuroendocrine Tumors and Prostate Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13143607. [PMID: 34298822 PMCID: PMC8304541 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13143607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2021] [Revised: 07/04/2021] [Accepted: 07/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary In the era of precision medicine, novel targets have emerged on the surface of cancer cells, which have been exploited for the purpose of radioligand therapy. However, there have been variations in the way these receptors are expressed, especially in prostate cancers and neuroendocrine tumors. This variable expression of receptors across the grades of cancers led to the concept of ‘target heterogeneity’, which has not just impacted therapeutic decisions but also their outcomes. Radiopharmaceuticals targeting receptors need to be used when there are specific indicators—either clinical, radiological, or at molecular level—warranting their use. In addition, response to these radioligands can be assessed using different techniques, whereby we can prognosticate further outcomes. We shall also discuss, in this review, the conventional as well as novel approaches of detecting heterogeneity in prostate cancers and neuroendocrine tumors. Abstract Tumor or target heterogeneity (TH) implies presence of variable cellular populations having different genomic characteristics within the same tumor, or in different tumor sites of the same patient. The challenge is to identify this heterogeneity, as it has emerged as the most common cause of ‘treatment resistance’, to current therapeutic agents. We have focused our discussion on ‘Prostate Cancer’ and ‘Neuroendocrine Tumors’, and looked at the established methods for demonstrating heterogeneity, each with its advantages and drawbacks. Also, the available theranostic radiotracers targeting PSMA and somatostatin receptors combined with targeted systemic agents, have been described. Lu-177 labeled PSMA and DOTATATE are the ‘standard of care’ radionuclide therapeutic tracers for management of progressive treatment-resistant prostate cancer and NET. These approved therapies have shown reasonable benefit in treatment outcome, with improvement in quality of life parameters. Various biomarkers and predictors of response to radionuclide therapies targeting TH which are currently available and those which can be explored have been elaborated in details. Imaging-based features using artificial intelligence (AI) need to be developed to further predict the presence of TH. Also, novel theranostic tools binding to newer targets on surface of cancer cell should be explored to overcome the treatment resistance to current treatment regimens.
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Lin X, Lécuyer L, Liu X, Triba MN, Deschasaux-Tanguy M, Demidem A, Liu Z, Palama T, Rossary A, Vasson MP, Hercberg S, Galan P, Savarin P, Xu G, Touvier M. Plasma Metabolomics for Discovery of Early Metabolic Markers of Prostate Cancer Based on Ultra-High-Performance Liquid Chromatography-High Resolution Mass Spectrometry. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:3140. [PMID: 34201735 PMCID: PMC8268247 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13133140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2021] [Revised: 06/16/2021] [Accepted: 06/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The prevention and early screening of PCa is highly dependent on the identification of new biomarkers. In this study, we investigated whether plasma metabolic profiles from healthy males provide novel early biomarkers associated with future risk of PCa. METHODS Using the Supplémentation en Vitamines et Minéraux Antioxydants (SU.VI.MAX) cohort, we identified plasma samples collected from 146 PCa cases up to 13 years prior to diagnosis and 272 matched controls. Plasma metabolic profiles were characterized using ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography-high resolution mass spectrometry (UHPLC-HRMS). RESULTS Orthogonal partial least squares discriminant analysis (OPLS-DA) discriminated PCa cases from controls, with a median area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AU-ROC) of 0.92 using a 1000-time repeated random sub-sampling validation. Sparse Partial Least Squares Discriminant Analysis (sPLS-DA) identified the top 10 most important metabolites (p < 0.001) discriminating PCa cases from controls. Among them, phosphate, ethyl oleate, eicosadienoic acid were higher in individuals that developed PCa than in the controls during the follow-up. In contrast, 2-hydroxyadenine, sphinganine, L-glutamic acid, serotonin, 7-keto cholesterol, tiglyl carnitine, and sphingosine were lower. CONCLUSION Our results support the dysregulation of amino acids and sphingolipid metabolism during the development of PCa. After validation in an independent cohort, these signatures may promote the development of new prevention and screening strategies to identify males at future risk of PCa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangping Lin
- Sorbonne Paris Nord University, Chemistry Structures Properties of Biomaterials and Therapeutic Agents Laboratory (CSPBAT), Nanomédecine Biomarqueurs Détection Team (NBD), The National Center for Scientific Research (CNRS), UMR 7244, 74 Rue Marcel
Cachin, CEDEX, 93017 Bobigny, France; (X.L.); (M.N.T.); (T.P.)
- CAS Key Laboratory of Separation Science for Analytical Chemistry, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, China; (X.L.); (G.X.)
| | - Lucie Lécuyer
- Sorbonne Paris Nord University, Nutritional Epidemiology Research Team (EREN), Epidemiology and Statistics Research Center Inserm U1153, Inrae U1125, Cnam, University of Paris (CRESS), 74 Rue Marcel Cachin, CEDEX, 93017 Bobigny, France; (L.L.); (S.H.); (P.G.); (M.T.)
| | - Xinyu Liu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Separation Science for Analytical Chemistry, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, China; (X.L.); (G.X.)
| | - Mohamed N. Triba
- Sorbonne Paris Nord University, Chemistry Structures Properties of Biomaterials and Therapeutic Agents Laboratory (CSPBAT), Nanomédecine Biomarqueurs Détection Team (NBD), The National Center for Scientific Research (CNRS), UMR 7244, 74 Rue Marcel
Cachin, CEDEX, 93017 Bobigny, France; (X.L.); (M.N.T.); (T.P.)
| | - Mélanie Deschasaux-Tanguy
- Sorbonne Paris Nord University, Nutritional Epidemiology Research Team (EREN), Epidemiology and Statistics Research Center Inserm U1153, Inrae U1125, Cnam, University of Paris (CRESS), 74 Rue Marcel Cachin, CEDEX, 93017 Bobigny, France; (L.L.); (S.H.); (P.G.); (M.T.)
| | - Aïcha Demidem
- Cellular Micro-Environment, Immunomodulation and Nutrition (ECREIN), Human Nutrition Unit (UNH), Clermont Auvergne University, INRAE, UMR 1019, CRNH Auvergne, 63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France; (A.D.); (A.R.); (M.-P.V.)
| | - Zhicheng Liu
- School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, China;
| | - Tony Palama
- Sorbonne Paris Nord University, Chemistry Structures Properties of Biomaterials and Therapeutic Agents Laboratory (CSPBAT), Nanomédecine Biomarqueurs Détection Team (NBD), The National Center for Scientific Research (CNRS), UMR 7244, 74 Rue Marcel
Cachin, CEDEX, 93017 Bobigny, France; (X.L.); (M.N.T.); (T.P.)
| | - Adrien Rossary
- Cellular Micro-Environment, Immunomodulation and Nutrition (ECREIN), Human Nutrition Unit (UNH), Clermont Auvergne University, INRAE, UMR 1019, CRNH Auvergne, 63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France; (A.D.); (A.R.); (M.-P.V.)
| | - Marie-Paule Vasson
- Cellular Micro-Environment, Immunomodulation and Nutrition (ECREIN), Human Nutrition Unit (UNH), Clermont Auvergne University, INRAE, UMR 1019, CRNH Auvergne, 63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France; (A.D.); (A.R.); (M.-P.V.)
- Anticancer Center Jean-Perrin, CHU Clermont-Ferrand, CEDEX, 63011 Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Serge Hercberg
- Sorbonne Paris Nord University, Nutritional Epidemiology Research Team (EREN), Epidemiology and Statistics Research Center Inserm U1153, Inrae U1125, Cnam, University of Paris (CRESS), 74 Rue Marcel Cachin, CEDEX, 93017 Bobigny, France; (L.L.); (S.H.); (P.G.); (M.T.)
| | - Pilar Galan
- Sorbonne Paris Nord University, Nutritional Epidemiology Research Team (EREN), Epidemiology and Statistics Research Center Inserm U1153, Inrae U1125, Cnam, University of Paris (CRESS), 74 Rue Marcel Cachin, CEDEX, 93017 Bobigny, France; (L.L.); (S.H.); (P.G.); (M.T.)
| | - Philippe Savarin
- Sorbonne Paris Nord University, Chemistry Structures Properties of Biomaterials and Therapeutic Agents Laboratory (CSPBAT), Nanomédecine Biomarqueurs Détection Team (NBD), The National Center for Scientific Research (CNRS), UMR 7244, 74 Rue Marcel
Cachin, CEDEX, 93017 Bobigny, France; (X.L.); (M.N.T.); (T.P.)
| | - Guowang Xu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Separation Science for Analytical Chemistry, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, China; (X.L.); (G.X.)
| | - Mathilde Touvier
- Sorbonne Paris Nord University, Nutritional Epidemiology Research Team (EREN), Epidemiology and Statistics Research Center Inserm U1153, Inrae U1125, Cnam, University of Paris (CRESS), 74 Rue Marcel Cachin, CEDEX, 93017 Bobigny, France; (L.L.); (S.H.); (P.G.); (M.T.)
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Antognelli C, Mandarano M, Prosperi E, Sidoni A, Talesa VN. Glyoxalase-1-Dependent Methylglyoxal Depletion Sustains PD-L1 Expression in Metastatic Prostate Cancer Cells: A Novel Mechanism in Cancer Immunosurveillance Escape and a Potential Novel Target to Overcome PD-L1 Blockade Resistance. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13122965. [PMID: 34199263 PMCID: PMC8232032 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13122965] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2021] [Revised: 06/09/2021] [Accepted: 06/10/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Metastatic prostate cancer (mPCa) is a well-known lethal condition. One of the mechanisms through which PCa cells become so aggressive is the avoidance of immune surveillance that further fosters cell growth, invasion, and migration. PD-L1/PD-1 axis plays a crucial role in inhibiting cytotoxic T cells and maintaining an immunosuppressive cancer microenvironment. Hence, targeting PD-L1/PD-1 axis represents a potential way to control mPCa. Unfortunately, mPCa patients do not respond to PD-L1/PD-1 axis blockade, focusing the research to understand the possible underpinning mechanisms. Our results provide a novel pathway taking part in cancer immunosurveillance escape and in the above-mentioned immunotherapy resistance, which provides the basis for additional studies aimed at developing novel therapeutic opportunities, possibly also in combination with antibodies blocking PD-L1/PD-1 axis. Abstract Metastatic prostate cancer (mPCa) is a disease for which to date there is not curative therapy. Even the recent and attractive immunotherapeutic approaches targeting PD-L1, an immune checkpoint protein which helps cancer cells to escape from immunosurveillance, have proved ineffective. A better understanding of the molecular mechanisms contributing to keep an immunosuppressive microenvironment associated with tumor progression and refractoriness to PD-L1 inhibitors is urgently needed. In the present study, by using gene silencing and specific activators or scavengers, we demonstrated, in mPCa cell models, that methylglyoxal (MG), a potent precursor of advanced glycation end products (AGEs), especially 5-hydro-5-methylimidazolone (MG-H1), and its metabolizing enzyme, glyoxalase 1 (Glo1), contribute to maintain an immunosuppressive microenvironment through MG-H1-mediated PD-L1 up-regulation and to promote cancer progression. Moreover, our findings suggest that this novel mechanism might be responsible, at least in part, of mPCa resistance to PD-L1 inhibitors, such as atezolizumab, and that targeting it may sensitize cells to this PD-L1 inhibitor. These findings provide novel insights into the mechanisms of mPCa immunosurveillance escape and help in providing the basis to foster in vivo research toward novel therapeutic strategies for immunotherapy of mPCa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cinzia Antognelli
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, Bioscience and Medical Embryology Division, University of Perugia, L. Severi Square, 06129 Perugia, Italy;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-075-585-8354
| | - Martina Mandarano
- Section of Anatomic Pathology and Histology, Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Perugia, L. Severi Square, 06129 Perugia, Italy; (M.M.); (E.P.); (A.S.)
| | - Enrico Prosperi
- Section of Anatomic Pathology and Histology, Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Perugia, L. Severi Square, 06129 Perugia, Italy; (M.M.); (E.P.); (A.S.)
| | - Angelo Sidoni
- Section of Anatomic Pathology and Histology, Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Perugia, L. Severi Square, 06129 Perugia, Italy; (M.M.); (E.P.); (A.S.)
| | - Vincenzo Nicola Talesa
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, Bioscience and Medical Embryology Division, University of Perugia, L. Severi Square, 06129 Perugia, Italy;
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