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Messeha SS, Zarmouh NO, Maku H, Gendy S, Yedjou CG, Elhag R, Latinwo L, Odewumi C, Soliman KFA. Prognostic and Therapeutic Implications of Cell Division Cycle 20 Homolog in Breast Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2024; 16:2546. [PMID: 39061186 PMCID: PMC11274456 DOI: 10.3390/cancers16142546] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2024] [Revised: 07/11/2024] [Accepted: 07/12/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Cell division cycle 20 homolog (CDC20) is a well-known regulator of cell cycle progression. Abnormal expression of CDC20 leads to mitotic defects, which play a significant role in cancer development. In breast cancer (BC), CDC20 has been identified as a biomarker that has been linked to poor patient outcomes. In this study, we investigated the association of CDC20 with BC prognosis and immune cell infiltration by using multiple online databases, including UALCAN, KM plotter, TIMER2.0, HPA, TNM-plot, bc-GenExMiner, LinkedOmics, STRING, and GEPIA. The results demonstrate that BC patients have an elevated CDC20 expression in tumor tissues compared with the adjacent normal tissue. In addition, BC patients with overexpressed CDC20 had a median survival of 63.6 months compared to 169.2 months in patients with low CDC20 expression. Prognostic analysis of the examined data indicated that elevated expression of CDC20 was associated with poor prognosis and a reduction of overall survival in BC patients. These findings were even more prevalent in chemoresistance triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) patients. Furthermore, the Gene Set Enrichment Analysis tool indicated that CDC20 regulates BC cells' cell cycle and apoptosis. CDC20 also significantly correlates with increased infiltrating B cells, CD4+ T cells, neutrophils, and dendritic cells in BC. In conclusion, the findings of this study suggest that CDC20 may be involved in immunomodulating the tumor microenvironment and provide evidence that CDC20 inhibition may serve as a potential therapeutic approach for the treatment of BC patients. In addition, the data indicates that CDC20 can be a reliable prognostic biomarker for BC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samia S. Messeha
- College of Science and Technology, Florida A&M University, Tallahassee, FL 32307, USA; (S.S.M.); (C.G.Y.); (R.E.); (L.L.)
- College of Pharmacy & Pharmaceutical Sciences, Institute of Public Health, Florida A&M University, New Pharmacy Building, 1520 ML King Blvd, Tallahassee, FL 32307, USA
| | - Najla O. Zarmouh
- Faculty of Medical Technology-Misrata, Libyan Ministry of Technical & Vocational Education, Misrata LY72, Libya;
| | - Henrietta Maku
- Department of Pathology and Genomic Medicine, Houston Methodist Hospital, Houston, TX 77030, USA;
| | - Sherif Gendy
- School of Allied Health Sciences, Florida A&M University, Tallahassee, FL 32307, USA;
| | - Clement G. Yedjou
- College of Science and Technology, Florida A&M University, Tallahassee, FL 32307, USA; (S.S.M.); (C.G.Y.); (R.E.); (L.L.)
| | - Rashid Elhag
- College of Science and Technology, Florida A&M University, Tallahassee, FL 32307, USA; (S.S.M.); (C.G.Y.); (R.E.); (L.L.)
| | - Lekan Latinwo
- College of Science and Technology, Florida A&M University, Tallahassee, FL 32307, USA; (S.S.M.); (C.G.Y.); (R.E.); (L.L.)
| | - Caroline Odewumi
- College of Science and Technology, Florida A&M University, Tallahassee, FL 32307, USA; (S.S.M.); (C.G.Y.); (R.E.); (L.L.)
| | - Karam F. A. Soliman
- College of Pharmacy & Pharmaceutical Sciences, Institute of Public Health, Florida A&M University, New Pharmacy Building, 1520 ML King Blvd, Tallahassee, FL 32307, USA
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Li Y, Wang C, Huang T, Yu X, Tian B. The role of cancer-associated fibroblasts in breast cancer metastasis. Front Oncol 2023; 13:1194835. [PMID: 37496657 PMCID: PMC10367093 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2023.1194835] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2023] [Accepted: 06/26/2023] [Indexed: 07/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer deaths are primarily caused by metastasis. There are several treatment options that can be used to treat breast cancer. There are, however, a limited number of treatments that can either prevent or inhibit the spread of breast tumor metastases. Thus, novel therapeutic strategies are needed. Studies have increasingly focused on the importance of the tumor microenvironment (TME) in metastasis of breast cancer. As the most abundant cells in the TME, cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) play important roles in cancer pathogenesis. They can remodel the structure of the extracellular matrix (ECM) and engage in crosstalk with cancer cells or other stroma cells by secreting growth factors, cytokines, and chemokines, as well as components of the ECM, which assist the tumor cells to invade through the TME and cause distant metastasis. Clinically, CAFs not only foster the initiation, growth, angiogenesis, invasion, and metastasis of breast cancer but also serve as biomarkers for diagnosis, therapy, and prediction of prognosis. In this review, we summarize the biological characteristics and subtypes of CAFs and their functions in breast cancer metastasis, focusing on their important roles in the diagnosis, prognosis, and treatment of breast cancer. Recent studies suggest that CAFs are vital partners of breast cancer cells that assist metastasis and may represent ideal targets for prevention and treatment of breast cancer metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Li
- Department of Breast Surgery, Sichuan Provincial People’s Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
| | - Changyuan Wang
- Department of Pancreatic Surgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Hepatobiliary Surgery Department II, Guizhou Provincial People’s Hospital, Guiyang, China
| | - Ting Huang
- Department of Breast Surgery, Sichuan Provincial People’s Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
| | - Xijie Yu
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Laboratory of Endocrinology and Metabolism, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Bole Tian
- Department of Pancreatic Surgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
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Guo Y, Yu Y, Wang GG. Polycomb Repressive Complex 2 in Oncology. Cancer Treat Res 2023; 190:273-320. [PMID: 38113005 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-031-45654-1_9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2023]
Abstract
Dynamic regulation of the chromatin state by Polycomb Repressive Complex 2 (PRC2) provides an important mean for epigenetic gene control that can profoundly influence normal development and cell lineage specification. PRC2 and PRC2-induced methylation of histone H3 lysine 27 (H3K27) are critically involved in a wide range of DNA-templated processes, which at least include transcriptional repression and gene imprinting, organization of three-dimensional chromatin structure, DNA replication and DNA damage response and repair. PRC2-based genome regulation often goes wrong in diseases, notably cancer. This chapter discusses about different modes-of-action through which PRC2 and EZH2, a catalytic subunit of PRC2, mediate (epi)genomic and transcriptomic regulation. We will also discuss about how alteration or mutation of the PRC2 core or axillary component promotes oncogenesis, how post-translational modification regulates functionality of EZH2 and PRC2, and how PRC2 and other epigenetic pathways crosstalk. Lastly, we will briefly touch on advances in targeting EZH2 and PRC2 dependence as cancer therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiran Guo
- Department of Pharmacology and Cancer Biology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, 27710, USA.
- Duke Cancer Institute, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, 27710, USA.
| | - Yao Yu
- Department of Pharmacology and Cancer Biology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, 27710, USA
- Duke Cancer Institute, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, 27710, USA
| | - Gang Greg Wang
- Department of Pharmacology and Cancer Biology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, 27710, USA.
- Duke Cancer Institute, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, 27710, USA.
- Department of Pathology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, 27710, USA.
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Wang YF, Yu L, Hu ZL, Fang YF, Shen YY, Song MF, Chen Y. Regulation of CCL2 by EZH2 affects tumor-associated macrophages polarization and infiltration in breast cancer. Cell Death Dis 2022; 13:748. [PMID: 36038549 PMCID: PMC9424193 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-022-05169-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2022] [Revised: 08/03/2022] [Accepted: 08/05/2022] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Tumor associated macrophages (TAMs) play an important role in tumorigenesis, development and anti-cancer drug therapy. However, very few epigenetic compounds have been elucidated to affect tumor growth by educating TAMs in the tumor microenvironment (TME). Herein, we identified that EZH2 performs a crucial role in the regulation of TAMs infiltration and protumoral polarization by interacting with human breast cancer (BC) cells. We showed that EZH2 inhibitors-treated BC cells induced M2 macrophage polarization in vitro and in vivo, while EZH2 knockdown exhibited the opposite effect. Mechanistically, inhibition of EZH2 histone methyltransferase alone by EZH2 inhibitors in breast cancer cells could reduce the enrichment of H3K27me3 on CCL2 gene promoter, elevate CCL2 transcription and secretion, contributing to the induction of M2 macrophage polarization and recruitment in TME, which reveal a potential explanation behind the frustrating results of EZH2 inhibitors against breast cancer. On the contrary, EZH2 depletion led to DNA demethylation and subsequent upregulation of miR-124-3p level, which inhibited its target CCL2 expression in the tumor cells, causing arrest of TAMs M2 polarization. Taken together, these data suggested that EZH2 can exert opposite regulatory effects on TAMs polarization through its enzymatic or non-enzymatic activities. Our results also imply that the effect of antitumor drugs on TAMs may affect its therapeutic efficacy, and the combined application with TAMs modifiers should be warranted to achieve great clinical success.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ya-fang Wang
- grid.9227.e0000000119573309Division of Anti-Tumor Pharmacology, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, PR China ,grid.440637.20000 0004 4657 8879Shanghai Institute for Advanced Immunochemical Studies, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, PR China
| | - Lei Yu
- grid.9227.e0000000119573309Division of Anti-Tumor Pharmacology, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, PR China ,grid.410726.60000 0004 1797 8419University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Zong-long Hu
- grid.9227.e0000000119573309Division of Anti-Tumor Pharmacology, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, PR China
| | - Yan-fen Fang
- grid.9227.e0000000119573309Division of Anti-Tumor Pharmacology, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, PR China
| | - Yan-yan Shen
- grid.9227.e0000000119573309Division of Anti-Tumor Pharmacology, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, PR China
| | - Min-fang Song
- grid.440637.20000 0004 4657 8879School of Life Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, PR China
| | - Yi Chen
- grid.9227.e0000000119573309Division of Anti-Tumor Pharmacology, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, PR China ,grid.410726.60000 0004 1797 8419University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
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Wang Z, Huang R, Wang H, Peng Y, Fan Y, Feng Z, Zeng Z, Ji Y, Wang Y, Lu J. Prognostic and Immunological Role of PPP1R14A as a Pan-Cancer Analysis Candidate. Front Genet 2022; 13:842975. [PMID: 35656324 PMCID: PMC9152294 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2022.842975] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2021] [Accepted: 04/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite emerging evidence revealing the remarkable roles of protein phosphatase 1 regulatory inhibitor subunit 14A (PPP1R14A) in cancer tumorigenesis and progression, no pan-cancer analysis is available. A comprehensive investigation of the potential carcinogenic mechanism of PPP1R14A across 33 tumors using bioinformatic techniques is reported for the first time. PPP1R14A is downregulated in major malignancies, and there is a significant correlation between the PPP1R14A expression and the prognosis of patients. The high expression of PPP1R14A in most cases was associated with poor overall survival (OS), disease-specific survival (DSS), and progress-free interval (PFI) across patients with various malignant tumors, including adrenocortical carcinoma (ACC) and bladder urothelial carcinoma (BLCA), indicated through pan-cancer survival analysis. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis subsequently exhibited that the molecule has high reference significance in diagnosing a variety of cancers. The frequency of PPP1R14A genetic changes including genetic mutations and copy number alterations (CNAs) in uterine carcinosarcoma reached 16.07%, and these alterations brought misfortune to the survival and prognosis of cancer patients. In addition, methylation within the promoter region of PPP1R14A DNA was enhanced in a majority of cancers. Downregulated phosphorylation levels of phosphorylation sites including S26, T38, and others in most cases took place in several tumors, such as breast cancer and colon cancer. PPP1R14A remarkably correlated with the levels of infiltrating cells and immune checkpoint genes. Our research on the carcinogenic effect of PPP1R14A in different tumors is comprehensively summarized and analyzed and provides a theoretical basis for future therapeutic and immunotherapy strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhaotao Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Institute of Neuroscience, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Rihong Huang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Institute of Neuroscience, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China.,Department of Clinical Medicine, The Second Clinical School of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Haojian Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Institute of Neuroscience, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China.,Department of Clinical Medicine, The Second Clinical School of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yuecheng Peng
- Department of Neurosurgery, Institute of Neuroscience, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China.,Department of Clinical Medicine, The Second Clinical School of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yongyang Fan
- Department of Neurosurgery, Institute of Neuroscience, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China.,Department of Clinical Medicine, The Second Clinical School of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zejia Feng
- Department of Neurosurgery, Institute of Neuroscience, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China.,Department of Clinical Medicine, The Second Clinical School of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhaorong Zeng
- Department of Neurosurgery, Institute of Neuroscience, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China.,Department of Clinical Medicine, The Second Clinical School of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yunxiang Ji
- Department of Neurosurgery, Institute of Neuroscience, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yezhong Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Institute of Neuroscience, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jiajie Lu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Institute of Neuroscience, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China.,Department of Clinical Medicine, The Second Clinical School of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
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