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Jacob JS, Panwar N. Effect of age and gender on dietary patterns, mindful eating, body image and confidence. BMC Psychol 2023; 11:264. [PMID: 37670398 PMCID: PMC10478183 DOI: 10.1186/s40359-023-01290-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2023] [Accepted: 08/17/2023] [Indexed: 09/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The emergence of 'Diet Culture' came into existence with the era of pop culture, which emphasized the idea of body improvement by embracing the portrayal of unrealistic beauty standards set by the thin-ideal media. This growing and trending culture gained its popularity in India with the COVID pandemic and the imposed lockdown, wherein the prevalence of obesity and binge eating resulted from counter-regulatory eating behaviors and restrictive food intake to a greater extent of skipping meals to achieve the desired body type. The present empirical investigation focuses on understanding the gender and age-based differences (between the ages 18 to 55) among Indian population on dietary patterns, body image, mindful eating and physical appearance confidence using 2 × 3 factorial design. The tools used were Eating Behavior Pattern Questionnaire (EBPQ) [43], Body Self- image Questionnaire (BSIQ) [40], Mindful Eating Questionnaire (MEQ) [18] and Personal Evaluation Inventory (PEI) [44] were administered on a sample size of 120, selected using convenience sampling technique. The collected data was analyzed using SPSS Version 20.0. Results of the study reveal non-significant age and gender differences for mindful eating and appearance confidence. Significant age- differences were observed for Snacking and convenience F(2,114) = 6.22, p < .05; social dependence F(2,114) = 3.87, p < .05 and height dissatisfaction F(2,114) = 8.79, p < .05. And, significant gender differences were observed for Meal Skipping F(1,114) = 6.46, P < .05; snacking and convenience F(1,114) = 4.19, p < .05; fatness evaluation F(1,114) = 5.94, p < .05 and fitness evaluation F(1,114) = 5.33, p < .05. The only significant interaction effect observed was for social dependence dimension F(2, 114) = 3.96, p < .05. Thus, high exposure to social media and diet-related content contributed significantly to changing dietary patterns, and how they look, feel or perceive their body.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinsa Sara Jacob
- Department of Psychology, Christ (Deemed to be) University, Delhi, NCR, India.
| | - Neeraj Panwar
- Department of Psychology, Christ (Deemed to be) University, Delhi, NCR, India
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Monthuy-Blanc J, Corno G, Abou Chabake S. Exploring the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on perceptual disturbances and dysfunctional eating attitudes and behaviors: A review of the literature. Front Psychol 2023; 14:1139261. [PMID: 37008865 PMCID: PMC10050699 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2023.1139261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2023] [Accepted: 02/27/2023] [Indexed: 03/17/2023] Open
Abstract
From the outbreak of the novel coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19) a new physical and social distancing environment has changed our lives and, more particularly, the way of perceiving oneself, as well as eating attitudes and behaviors. An increasing number of studies have highlighted a risky scenario in terms of negative perceptions of one’s body as well as disordered eating and eating disorder patterns in both clinical and general population. With regard to this postulate, this literature review posits two main concepts—perceptual disturbances and dysfunctional eating attitudes and behaviors—in the general and (sub-)clinical populations, to provide an understanding of these phenomena during the COVID-19 pandemic. The main objective of this article is to provide a comprehensive and critical review of published scientific literature about perceptual disturbances (i.e., negative body image, body image disturbances, low body esteem) and dysfunctional eating attitudes and behaviors, including disordered eating (e.g., restrictive eating, binge-eating episodes, overeating, emotional eating) and eating disorders features in community (i.e., general population) and clinical and sub-clinical samples worldwide during the COVID-19 pandemic. The PubMed, ScienceDirect, Ebsco, and Google Scholar databases were searched. The initial search produced 42 references. Scientific publications from March 2020 to April 2022 were included, and among the works compiled, only published research articles have been retained. Purely theoretical papers were also excluded. The final selection consisted of 21 studies, covering both community, clinical (i.e., eating disorder population), and sub-clinical samples. The details of the results are discussed taking into consideration the potential impact of changes in the way we perceive ourselves and interact with others (e.g., the popularity of videoconferencing and the over-use of social network sites due to social isolation) as well as changes in eating attitudes and behaviors, physical activity and exercise (e.g., as an emotional response to the insecurity generated by the pandemic context), in community and (sub-)clinical samples. The discussion sheds light on two outcomes: (1) a summary of findings with methodological considerations; (2) an intervention continuum to deal with the consequences of the COVID-19 pandemic; (3) and a final conclusion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johana Monthuy-Blanc
- Loricorps Research Unit, Centre de Recherche de l'Institut Universitaire en Santé Mentale de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada
- Department of Sciences of Education, Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières, Trois-Rivières, QC, Canada
- *Correspondence: Johana Monthuy-Blanc,
| | - Giulia Corno
- Loricorps Research Unit, Centre de Recherche de l'Institut Universitaire en Santé Mentale de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada
- Department of Psychology and Psychoeducation, Laboratory of Cyberpsychology, Université du Québec en Outaouais, Gatineau, QC, Canada
| | - Sara Abou Chabake
- Loricorps Research Unit, Centre de Recherche de l'Institut Universitaire en Santé Mentale de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada
- Department of Psychology, LESPOIR Research Laboratory, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada
- Department of Psychology, TRAJETS Research Laboratory, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada
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Monthuy-Blanc J, Corno G, Bouchard S, St-Pierre MJ, Bourbeau F, Mostefa-Kara L, Therrien É, Rousseau M. Body perceptions, occupations, eating attitudes, and behaviors emerged during the pandemic: An exploratory cluster analysis of eaters profiles. Front Psychol 2022; 13:949373. [PMID: 36544438 PMCID: PMC9762356 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2022.949373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2022] [Accepted: 11/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction COVID-19 pandemic negatively impacted people's mental and physical health. Three areas have been significantly impacted, among others: eating-related behaviors, occupational balance, and exposure to self-image due to videoconferencing. This study aims to explore and document eaters profiles that were reported during the pandemic in the general Canadian population using a holistic perspective, including body perceptions, attitudes, and eating behaviors (i.e., body image, behaviors, attitudes, and motivations regarding food), and occupations (i.e., physical activity and cooking). Methods This cross-sectional study was conducted from May to September 2020. Two hundred and seventy-three Canada's residents, French speaking of 18 years of age and older, participated in an online survey on behaviors, attitudes, and motivations regarding food and eating as well as body image and occupations during the COVID-19 pandemic. A hierarchical cluster analysis was used to determine the eaters profiles. One-way ANOVA and Chi-square test were conducted to differentiate occupational characteristics between eaters profiles. Results Three distinctive profiles were found during the COVID-19 pandemic and could be placed on a continuum: the Congruent-driven eater is at the functional pole of the continuum, whereas the Incongruent-driven eater is at the dysfunctional pole of the eaters continuum. In the middle of the continuum, the Incongruent-perceptual eater is at a critical crossing point. Significant differences were reported between eaters profiles. Discussion The empirical results based on an eaters continuum conceptualization highlight the importance of understanding how people perceive their body to assess and promote food well-being.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johana Monthuy-Blanc
- Groupe de Recherche Loricorps, Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières, Trois-Rivières, QC, Canada
- Research Center of Mental Health University Institute of Montreal, Montreal (CR-IUSMM), Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Giulia Corno
- Groupe de Recherche Loricorps, Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières, Trois-Rivières, QC, Canada
- Chaire de Recherche du Canada en Cyberpsychologie Clinique, Université du Québec en Outaouais, Gatineau, QC, Canada
| | - Stéphane Bouchard
- Groupe de Recherche Loricorps, Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières, Trois-Rivières, QC, Canada
- Chaire de Recherche du Canada en Cyberpsychologie Clinique, Université du Québec en Outaouais, Gatineau, QC, Canada
| | - Marie-Josée St-Pierre
- Groupe de Recherche Loricorps, Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières, Trois-Rivières, QC, Canada
- Research Center of Mental Health University Institute of Montreal, Montreal (CR-IUSMM), Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Francisca Bourbeau
- Groupe de Recherche Loricorps, Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières, Trois-Rivières, QC, Canada
- Research Center of Mental Health University Institute of Montreal, Montreal (CR-IUSMM), Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Leïla Mostefa-Kara
- Groupe de Recherche Loricorps, Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières, Trois-Rivières, QC, Canada
- Research Center of Mental Health University Institute of Montreal, Montreal (CR-IUSMM), Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Émie Therrien
- Groupe de Recherche Loricorps, Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières, Trois-Rivières, QC, Canada
- Research Center of Mental Health University Institute of Montreal, Montreal (CR-IUSMM), Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Michel Rousseau
- Groupe de Recherche Loricorps, Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières, Trois-Rivières, QC, Canada
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Kapoor A, Upadhyay MK, Saini NK. Prevalence, patterns, and determinants of body image dissatisfaction among female undergraduate students of University of Delhi. J Family Med Prim Care 2022; 11:2002-2007. [PMID: 35800482 PMCID: PMC9254831 DOI: 10.4103/jfmpc.jfmpc_1851_21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2021] [Revised: 12/05/2021] [Accepted: 12/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Body image is an essential aspect of young girls' self-definition and individual identity and is influenced by multitude of factors including cultural, social, cognitive, affective, and biological. In recent times, excessive concern about the body image has been reported and the prevalence of body image dissatisfaction (BID) has increased among adolescent and young girls. Objectives The objective of this study was to estimate the prevalence of BID, its pattern and the factors associated with it among female undergraduate students and also to assess the level of concern about their body image. Methods This cross-sectional study was conducted among 180 female undergraduate students using a contour drawing rating scale and a body shape questionnaire to assess BID and its pattern, and the level of concern about body image, respectively. Binary logistic regression was applied to identify the factors determining body image perception. Results The prevalence of body mage dissatisfaction was 76.7% with overweight and obesity, and media influences being significantly associated with it. Nutritional status, mother's educational status, and media influences were the determinants. Body shape concerns were found among 30.6% of the participants out of which 7.3% reported marked to moderate concerns. Conclusions Our findings highlighted a higher prevalence of perceived dissatisfaction with the body image and also that it is not simply the outcome of sociocultural pressure to conform to a certain body type but is the result of a complex interaction between individual differences in actual body mass and preference for a thin body ideal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abhilasha Kapoor
- Department of Community Medicine, University College of Medical Sciences and GTB Hospital, Delhi, India
| | - Madhu Kumari Upadhyay
- Department of Community Medicine, University College of Medical Sciences and GTB Hospital, Delhi, India
| | - Narinder Kumar Saini
- Department of Community Medicine, University College of Medical Sciences and GTB Hospital, Delhi, India
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Xiao Q, Huang W, Zhang X, Wan S, Li X. Internet Rumors During the COVID-19 Pandemic: Dynamics of Topics and Public Psychologies. Front Public Health 2021; 9:788848. [PMID: 34988056 PMCID: PMC8722471 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2021.788848] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2021] [Accepted: 11/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
The capturing of social opinions, especially rumors, is a crucial issue in digital public health. With the outbreak of the COVID-19 pandemic, the discussions of related topics have increased exponentially in social media, with a large number of rumors on the Internet, which highly impede the harmony and sustainable development of society. As human health has never suffered a threat of this magnitude since the Internet era, past studies have lacked in-depth analysis of rumors regarding such a globally sweeping pandemic. This text-based analysis explores the dynamic features of Internet rumors during the COVID-19 pandemic considering the progress of the pandemic as time-series. Specifically, a Latent Dirichlet Allocation (LDA) model is used to extract rumor topics that spread widely during the pandemic, and the extracted six rumor topics, i.e., "Human Immunity," "Technology R&D," "Virus Protection," "People's Livelihood," "Virus Spreading," and "Psychosomatic Health" are found to show a certain degree of concentrated distribution at different stages of the pandemic. Linguistic Inquiry and Word Count (LIWC) is used to statistically test the psychosocial dynamics reflected in the rumor texts, and the results show differences in psychosocial characteristics of rumors at different stages of the pandemic progression. There are also differences in the indicators of psychosocial characteristics between truth and disinformation. Our results reveal which topics of rumors and which psychosocial characteristics are more likely to spread at each stage of progress of the pandemic. The findings contribute to a comprehensive understanding of the changing public opinions and psychological dynamics during the pandemic, and also provide reference for public opinion responses to major public health emergencies that may arise in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Quan Xiao
- School of Information Management, Jiangxi University of Finance and Economics, Nanchang, China
| | - Weiling Huang
- School of Information Management, Jiangxi University of Finance and Economics, Nanchang, China
| | - Xing Zhang
- School of Management, Wuhan Textile University, Wuhan, China
| | - Shanshan Wan
- School of Information Management, Jiangxi University of Finance and Economics, Nanchang, China
| | - Xia Li
- School of Information Management, Jiangxi University of Finance and Economics, Nanchang, China
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