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Hofer T, Rossi M, Carboni S, Di Berardino Besson W, von Laer D, Wollmann G, Derouazi M, Santiago-Raber ML. Heterologous Prime-Boost Vaccination with a Peptide-Based Vaccine and Viral Vector Reshapes Dendritic Cell, CD4+ and CD8+ T Cell Phenotypes to Improve the Antitumor Therapeutic Effect. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13236107. [PMID: 34885215 PMCID: PMC8656755 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13236107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2021] [Revised: 11/26/2021] [Accepted: 11/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Developing new therapeutic cancer vaccines is of paramount importance to counteract tumor escape observed after conventional therapies in certain types of cancer. We have previously shown that the combination of two different vaccine platforms, targeting tumor-specific antigens, resulted in potent immune responses in preclinical models. Here, we show that the heterologous prime-boost combination with a protein vaccine and a viral vector vesicular stomatitis virus immunologically reshapes the immune-excluded TC-1 tumor model as well as the inflamed MC-38 tumor model, leading to beneficial therapeutic efficacy. Furthermore, the treatment with a multi-epitope vaccine allowed us to appreciate the various repartition among three antigen-specific cytotoxic T-cell responses combined with the viral boost. The combination leads to improved efficacy in all animals and highlights the importance of combining tumor epitopes. Our vaccine strategy could be further extended to prophylactic cancer vaccines and beyond, for infectious diseases. Abstract Heterologous prime-boost settings with a protein vaccine and the viral vector vesicular stomatitis virus, both expressing tumor-associated antigens (KISIMA-TAA and VSV-GP-TAA), have been previously shown to generate potent antitumor immunity. In the cold TC-1 model (HPV antigen) and the immune-infiltrate MC-38 model (Adpgk, Reps1 and Rpl18 neo-antigens), we further investigated pivotal immune cells that educate CD8+ T cells. Heterologous prime-boost vaccination induced a superior antitumor response characterized by the increase in number and functionality of antigen-specific CD8+ T cells, recruitment of cross-presenting dendritic cells, and polarization of CD4+ T cells towards an antitumor Th1 phenotype within the tumor and tumor-draining lymph nodes, turning the cold TC-1 tumor into a hot, inflamed tumor. In the inflamed MC-38 tumor model, treatment combination markedly prolonged the overall survival of mice. Treatment with multi-epitope vaccines also induced high frequencies of multiple antigen specificities in the periphery and in the tumor. Prime-boost treatment reduced tumor-infiltrating regulatory CD4+ T cells whilst increasing cross-presenting dendritic cells in tumor-draining lymph nodes. In conclusion, heterologous prime-boost vaccination possesses the ability to induce a potent anti-tumor response in both immune-excluded and immune-infiltrated mouse tumor models. Additionally, this study highlights the design of a multi-epitope vaccine for cancer immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tamara Hofer
- Christian Doppler Laboratory for Viral Immunotherapy of Cancer, Medical University of Innsbruck, Peter-Mayr-Straße 4b, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria; (T.H.); (G.W.)
- Division of Virology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Peter-Mayr-Straße 4b, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria;
- AMAL Therapeutics, Fondation Pour Recherches Médicales, Avenue de la Roseraie 64, 1205 Geneva, Switzerland; (M.R.); (S.C.); (W.D.B.B.)
- Boehringer Ingelheim International GmbH, 55216 Ingelheim, Germany
| | - Matteo Rossi
- AMAL Therapeutics, Fondation Pour Recherches Médicales, Avenue de la Roseraie 64, 1205 Geneva, Switzerland; (M.R.); (S.C.); (W.D.B.B.)
- Boehringer Ingelheim International GmbH, 55216 Ingelheim, Germany
| | - Susanna Carboni
- AMAL Therapeutics, Fondation Pour Recherches Médicales, Avenue de la Roseraie 64, 1205 Geneva, Switzerland; (M.R.); (S.C.); (W.D.B.B.)
- Boehringer Ingelheim International GmbH, 55216 Ingelheim, Germany
| | - Wilma Di Berardino Besson
- AMAL Therapeutics, Fondation Pour Recherches Médicales, Avenue de la Roseraie 64, 1205 Geneva, Switzerland; (M.R.); (S.C.); (W.D.B.B.)
- Boehringer Ingelheim International GmbH, 55216 Ingelheim, Germany
| | - Dorothee von Laer
- Division of Virology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Peter-Mayr-Straße 4b, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria;
| | - Guido Wollmann
- Christian Doppler Laboratory for Viral Immunotherapy of Cancer, Medical University of Innsbruck, Peter-Mayr-Straße 4b, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria; (T.H.); (G.W.)
- Division of Virology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Peter-Mayr-Straße 4b, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria;
| | - Madiha Derouazi
- AMAL Therapeutics, Fondation Pour Recherches Médicales, Avenue de la Roseraie 64, 1205 Geneva, Switzerland; (M.R.); (S.C.); (W.D.B.B.)
- Boehringer Ingelheim International GmbH, 55216 Ingelheim, Germany
- Correspondence: (M.D.); (M.-L.S.-R.)
| | - Marie-Laure Santiago-Raber
- AMAL Therapeutics, Fondation Pour Recherches Médicales, Avenue de la Roseraie 64, 1205 Geneva, Switzerland; (M.R.); (S.C.); (W.D.B.B.)
- Boehringer Ingelheim International GmbH, 55216 Ingelheim, Germany
- Correspondence: (M.D.); (M.-L.S.-R.)
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Freitas NFQR, Otaka DY, Galvão CC, de Almeida DM, Ferreira MRA, Moreira Júnior C, Hidalgo MMMH, Conceição FR, Salvarani FM. Humoral Immune Response Evaluation in Horses Vaccinated with Recombinant Clostridium perfringens Toxoids Alpha and Beta for 12 Months. Toxins (Basel) 2021; 13:566. [PMID: 34437437 PMCID: PMC8402361 DOI: 10.3390/toxins13080566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2021] [Revised: 07/16/2021] [Accepted: 07/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
In horses, Clostridium perfringens is associated with acute and fatal enterocolitis, which is caused by a beta toxin (CPB), and myonecrosis, which is caused by an alpha toxin (CPA). Although the most effective way to prevent these diseases is through vaccination, specific clostridial vaccines for horses against C. perfringens are not widely available. The aim of this study was to pioneer the immunization of horses with three different concentrations (100, 200 and 400 µg) of C. perfringens recombinant alpha (rCPA) and beta (rCPB) proteins, as well as to evaluate the humoral immune response over 360 days. Recombinant toxoids were developed and applied to 50 horses on days 0 and 30. Those vaccines attempted to stimulate the production of alpha antitoxin (anti-CPA) and beta antitoxin (anti-CPB), in addition to becoming innocuous, stable and sterile. There was a reduction in the level of neutralizing anti-CPA and anti-CPB antibodies following the 60th day; therefore, the concentrations of 200 and 400 µg capable of inducing a detectable humoral immune response were not determined until day 180. In practical terms, 200 µg is possibly the ideal concentration for use in the veterinary industry's production of vaccines against the action of C. perfringens in equine species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nayra F. Q. R. Freitas
- Instituto de Medicina Veterinária, Universidade Federal do Pará, Castanhal CEP 68740-970, Brazil; (N.F.Q.R.F.); (D.Y.O.); (C.C.G.); (D.M.d.A.)
| | - Denis Y. Otaka
- Instituto de Medicina Veterinária, Universidade Federal do Pará, Castanhal CEP 68740-970, Brazil; (N.F.Q.R.F.); (D.Y.O.); (C.C.G.); (D.M.d.A.)
| | - Cleideanny C. Galvão
- Instituto de Medicina Veterinária, Universidade Federal do Pará, Castanhal CEP 68740-970, Brazil; (N.F.Q.R.F.); (D.Y.O.); (C.C.G.); (D.M.d.A.)
| | - Dayane M. de Almeida
- Instituto de Medicina Veterinária, Universidade Federal do Pará, Castanhal CEP 68740-970, Brazil; (N.F.Q.R.F.); (D.Y.O.); (C.C.G.); (D.M.d.A.)
| | - Marcos R. A. Ferreira
- Centro de Desenvolvimento Tecnológico, Núcleo de Biotecnologia, Universidade Federal de Pelotas, Rio Grande do Sul CEP 96160-000, Brazil; (M.R.A.F.); (C.M.J.); (F.R.C.)
| | - Clóvis Moreira Júnior
- Centro de Desenvolvimento Tecnológico, Núcleo de Biotecnologia, Universidade Federal de Pelotas, Rio Grande do Sul CEP 96160-000, Brazil; (M.R.A.F.); (C.M.J.); (F.R.C.)
| | - Marina M. M. H. Hidalgo
- Faculdade de Veterinária, Universidade Federal de Pelotas, Rio Grande do Sul CEP 96160-000, Brazil;
| | - Fabricio R. Conceição
- Centro de Desenvolvimento Tecnológico, Núcleo de Biotecnologia, Universidade Federal de Pelotas, Rio Grande do Sul CEP 96160-000, Brazil; (M.R.A.F.); (C.M.J.); (F.R.C.)
| | - Felipe M. Salvarani
- Instituto de Medicina Veterinária, Universidade Federal do Pará, Castanhal CEP 68740-970, Brazil; (N.F.Q.R.F.); (D.Y.O.); (C.C.G.); (D.M.d.A.)
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3
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Moraschi BF, Noronha IH, Ferreira CP, Cariste LM, Monteiro CB, Denapoli P, Vrechi T, Pereira GJS, Gazzinelli RT, Lannes-Vieira J, Rodrigues MM, Bortoluci KR, Vasconcelos JRC. Rapamycin Improves the Response of Effector and Memory CD8 + T Cells Induced by Immunization With ASP2 of Trypanosoma cruzi. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2021; 11:676183. [PMID: 34123875 PMCID: PMC8191465 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2021.676183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2021] [Accepted: 04/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Deficiency in memory formation and increased immunosenescence are pivotal features of Trypanosoma cruzi infection proposed to play a role in parasite persistence and disease development. The vaccination protocol that consists in a prime with plasmid DNA followed by the boost with a deficient recombinant human adenovirus type 5, both carrying the ASP2 gene of T. cruzi, is a powerful strategy to elicit effector memory CD8+ T-cells against this parasite. In virus infections, the inhibition of mTOR, a kinase involved in several biological processes, improves the response of memory CD8+ T-cells. Therefore, our aim was to assess the role of rapamycin, the pharmacological inhibitor of mTOR, in CD8+ T response against T. cruzi induced by heterologous prime-boost vaccine. For this purpose, C57BL/6 or A/Sn mice were immunized and daily treated with rapamycin for 34 days. CD8+ T-cells response was evaluated by immunophenotyping, intracellular staining, ELISpot assay and in vivo cytotoxicity. In comparison with vehicle-injection, rapamycin administration during immunization enhanced the frequency of ASP2-specific CD8+ T-cells and the percentage of the polyfunctional population, which degranulated (CD107a+) and secreted both interferon gamma (IFNγ) and tumor necrosis factor (TNF). The beneficial effects were long-lasting and could be detected 95 days after priming. Moreover, the effects were detected in mice immunized with ten-fold lower doses of plasmid/adenovirus. Additionally, the highly susceptible to T. cruzi infection A/Sn mice, when immunized with low vaccine doses, treated with rapamycin, and challenged with trypomastigote forms of the Y strain showed a survival rate of 100%, compared with 42% in vehicle-injected group. Trying to shed light on the biological mechanisms involved in these beneficial effects on CD8+ T-cells by mTOR inhibition after immunization, we showed that in vivo proliferation was higher after rapamycin treatment compared with vehicle-injected group. Taken together, our data provide a new approach to vaccine development against intracellular parasites, placing the mTOR inhibitor rapamycin as an adjuvant to improve effective CD8+ T-cell response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbara Ferri Moraschi
- Molecular Immunology Laboratory, Center of Molecular and Cellular Therapy, Federal University of São Paulo (UNIFESP), São Paulo, Brazil
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Parasitology, Federal University of São Paulo (UNIFESP), São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Isaú Henrique Noronha
- Molecular Immunology Laboratory, Center of Molecular and Cellular Therapy, Federal University of São Paulo (UNIFESP), São Paulo, Brazil
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Parasitology, Federal University of São Paulo (UNIFESP), São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Camila Pontes Ferreira
- Molecular Immunology Laboratory, Center of Molecular and Cellular Therapy, Federal University of São Paulo (UNIFESP), São Paulo, Brazil
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Parasitology, Federal University of São Paulo (UNIFESP), São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Leonardo M. Cariste
- Recombinant Vaccines Laboratory, Department of Biosciences, Federal University of São Paulo, Santos, Brazil
| | - Caroline B. Monteiro
- Recombinant Vaccines Laboratory, Department of Biosciences, Federal University of São Paulo, Santos, Brazil
| | - Priscila Denapoli
- Molecular Immunology Laboratory, Center of Molecular and Cellular Therapy, Federal University of São Paulo (UNIFESP), São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Talita Vrechi
- Department of Pharmacology, Federal University of São Paulo, (UNIFESP), São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Gustavo J. S. Pereira
- Department of Pharmacology, Federal University of São Paulo, (UNIFESP), São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Ricardo T. Gazzinelli
- René Rachou Research Center, Fiocruz, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
- Division of Infectious Disease and Immunology, Department of Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA, United States
| | - Joseli Lannes-Vieira
- Laboratoy of Biology of the Interactions, Oswaldo Cruz Institute, Fiocruz, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Maurício M. Rodrigues
- Molecular Immunology Laboratory, Center of Molecular and Cellular Therapy, Federal University of São Paulo (UNIFESP), São Paulo, Brazil
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Parasitology, Federal University of São Paulo (UNIFESP), São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Karina R. Bortoluci
- Molecular Immunology Laboratory, Center of Molecular and Cellular Therapy, Federal University of São Paulo (UNIFESP), São Paulo, Brazil
- Department of Pharmacology, Federal University of São Paulo, (UNIFESP), São Paulo, Brazil
| | - José Ronnie C. Vasconcelos
- Molecular Immunology Laboratory, Center of Molecular and Cellular Therapy, Federal University of São Paulo (UNIFESP), São Paulo, Brazil
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Parasitology, Federal University of São Paulo (UNIFESP), São Paulo, Brazil
- Recombinant Vaccines Laboratory, Department of Biosciences, Federal University of São Paulo, Santos, Brazil
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Chiang SF, Huang KCY, Chen WTL, Chen TW, Ke TW, Chao KSC. Polymorphism of formyl peptide receptor 1 (FPR1) reduces the therapeutic efficiency and antitumor immunity after neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy (CCRT) treatment in locally advanced rectal cancer. Cancer Immunol Immunother 2021; 70:2937-2950. [PMID: 33713152 DOI: 10.1007/s00262-021-02894-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2020] [Accepted: 02/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Immunosurveillance and immunoscavenging prompted by preoperative chemoradiotherapy (CCRT) may contribute to improve local control and increase survival outcomes for patients with locally advanced rectal cancer (LARC). In this study, we investigated several genotypes of pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) and their impact on therapeutic efficacy in LARC patients treated with CCRT. We found that homozygosis of formyl peptide receptor 1 (FPR1) (E346A/rs867228) was associated with reduced 5-year overall survival (OS) by Kaplan-Meier analysis (62% vs. 81%, p = 0.014) and multivariate analysis [hazard ratio (HR) = 3.383, 95% CI = 1.374-10.239, p = 0.007]. Moreover, in an animal model, we discovered that the FPR1 antagonist, Boc-MLF (Boc-1), reduced CCRT therapeutic efficacy and decreased cytotoxic T cells and T effector memory cells after chemoradiotherapy treatment. Pharmacologic inhibition of FPR1 by Boc-1 decreased T lymphocyte migration to irradiated tumor cells. Therefore, these results revealed that the FPR1 genotype participates in CCRT-elicited anticancer immunity by reducing T lymphocytes migration and infiltration, and that the FPR1-E346A CC genotype can be considered an independent biomarker for chemo- and radiotherapy outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shu-Fen Chiang
- Laboratory of Precision Medicine, Ministry of Health & Welfare Feng Yuan Hospital, Taichung, 42055, Taiwan.,Cancer Center, China Medical University Hospital, China Medical University, Taichung, 40402, Taiwan
| | - Kevin Chih-Yang Huang
- Department of Biomedical Imaging and Radiological Science, China Medical University, Taichung, 40402, Taiwan.,Translation Research Core, China Medical University Hospital, China Medical University, Taichung, 40402, Taiwan
| | - William Tzu-Liang Chen
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, Hsinchu China Medical University Hospital, Hsinchu, 40402, Taiwan
| | - Tsung-Wei Chen
- Department of Pathology, China Medical University Hospital, China Medical University, Taichung, 40402, Taiwan.,Graduate Institute of Biomedical Science, China Medical University, Taichung, 40402, Taiwan
| | - Tao-Wei Ke
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, China Medical University Hospital, China Medical University, Taichung, 40402, Taiwan.
| | - K S Clifford Chao
- Cancer Center, China Medical University Hospital, China Medical University, Taichung, 40402, Taiwan.
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5
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Mohamed H, Esposito RA, Kutzler MA, Wigdahl B, Krebs FC, Miller V. Nonthermal plasma as part of a novel strategy for vaccination. PLASMA PROCESSES AND POLYMERS (PRINT) 2020; 17:2000051. [PMID: 32837491 PMCID: PMC7404442 DOI: 10.1002/ppap.202000051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2020] [Revised: 05/28/2020] [Accepted: 06/28/2020] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Vaccination has been one of the most effective health intervention mechanisms to reduce morbidity and mortality associated with infectious diseases. Vaccines stimulate the body's protective immune responses through controlled exposure to modified versions of pathogens that establish immunological memory. However, only a few diseases have effective vaccines. The biological effects of nonthermal plasma on cells suggest that plasma could play an important role in improving efficacy of existing vaccines and overcoming some of the limitations and challenges with current vaccination strategies. This review summarizes the opportunities for nonthermal plasma for immunization and therapeutic purposes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hager Mohamed
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Institute for Molecular Medicine and Infectious DiseaseDrexel University College of MedicinePhiladelphiaPennsylvania
| | - Rita A. Esposito
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Institute for Molecular Medicine and Infectious DiseaseDrexel University College of MedicinePhiladelphiaPennsylvania
| | - Michele A. Kutzler
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Institute for Molecular Medicine and Infectious DiseaseDrexel University College of MedicinePhiladelphiaPennsylvania
| | - Brian Wigdahl
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Institute for Molecular Medicine and Infectious DiseaseDrexel University College of MedicinePhiladelphiaPennsylvania
| | - Fred C. Krebs
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Institute for Molecular Medicine and Infectious DiseaseDrexel University College of MedicinePhiladelphiaPennsylvania
| | - Vandana Miller
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Institute for Molecular Medicine and Infectious DiseaseDrexel University College of MedicinePhiladelphiaPennsylvania
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Lim J, Koh VHQ, Cho SSL, Periaswamy B, Choi DPS, Vacca M, De Sessions PF, Kudela P, Lubitz W, Pastorin G, Alonso S. Harnessing the Immunomodulatory Properties of Bacterial Ghosts to Boost the Anti-mycobacterial Protective Immunity. Front Immunol 2019; 10:2737. [PMID: 31824511 PMCID: PMC6883722 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.02737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2019] [Accepted: 11/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Tuberculosis (TB) pathogenesis is characterized by inadequate immune cell activation and delayed T cell response in the host. Recent immunotherapeutic efforts have been directed at stimulating innate immunity and enhancing interactions between antigen presenting cells and T cells subsets to improve the protective immunity against TB. In this study, we investigated the immunostimulatory properties of bacterial ghosts (BG) as a novel approach to potentiate the host immunity against mycobacterial infection. BG are intact cytoplasm-free Escherichia coli envelopes and have been developed as bacterial vaccines and adjuvant/delivery system in cancer immunotherapy. However, BG have yet to be exploited as immunopotentiators in the context of infectious diseases. Here, we showed that BG are potent inducers of dendritic cells (DC), which led to enhanced T cell proliferation and differentiation into effector cells. BG also induced macrophage activation, which was associated with enhanced nitric oxide production, a key anti-mycobacterial weapon. We further demonstrated that the immunostimulatory capability of BG far exceeds that of LPS and involves both TLR4-dependent and independent pathways. Consistently, BG treatment, but not LPS treatment, reduced the bacterial burden in infected mice, which correlated with increased influx of innate and adaptive effector immune cells and increased production of key cytokines in the lungs. Finally and importantly, enhanced bacilli killing was seen in mice co-administered with BG and second-line TB drugs bedaquiline and delamanid. Overall, this work paves the way for BG as potent immunostimulators that may be harnessed to improve mycobacteria killing at the site of infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jieling Lim
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore.,Immunology Programme, Life Sciences Institute, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Vanessa Hui Qi Koh
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore.,Immunology Programme, Life Sciences Institute, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Sharol Su Lei Cho
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore.,Immunology Programme, Life Sciences Institute, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Balamurugan Periaswamy
- Genome Institute of Singapore, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (ASTAR), Singapore, Singapore
| | - Dawn Poh Sum Choi
- Genome Institute of Singapore, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (ASTAR), Singapore, Singapore
| | - Maurizio Vacca
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore.,Immunology Programme, Life Sciences Institute, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Paola Florez De Sessions
- Genome Institute of Singapore, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (ASTAR), Singapore, Singapore
| | - Pavol Kudela
- Biotech Innovation Research Development & Consulting (BIRD-C), Vienna, Austria
| | - Werner Lubitz
- Biotech Innovation Research Development & Consulting (BIRD-C), Vienna, Austria
| | - Giorgia Pastorin
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Science, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Sylvie Alonso
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore.,Immunology Programme, Life Sciences Institute, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
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Tosello Boari J, Araujo Furlan CL, Fiocca Vernengo F, Rodriguez C, Ramello MC, Amezcua Vesely MC, Gorosito Serrán M, Nuñez NG, Richer W, Piaggio E, Montes CL, Gruppi A, Acosta Rodríguez EV. IL-17RA-Signaling Modulates CD8+ T Cell Survival and Exhaustion During Trypanosoma cruzi Infection. Front Immunol 2018; 9:2347. [PMID: 30364284 PMCID: PMC6193063 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.02347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2018] [Accepted: 09/21/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The IL-17 family contributes to host defense against many intracellular pathogens by mechanisms that are not fully understood. CD8+ T lymphocytes are key elements against intracellular microbes, and their survival and ability to mount cytotoxic responses are orchestrated by several cytokines. Here, we demonstrated that IL-17RA-signaling cytokines sustain pathogen-specific CD8+ T cell immunity. The absence of IL-17RA and IL-17A/F during Trypanosoma cruzi infection resulted in increased tissue parasitism and reduced frequency of parasite-specific CD8+ T cells. Impaired IL-17RA-signaling in vivo increased apoptosis of parasite-specific CD8+ T cells, while in vitro recombinant IL-17 down-regulated the pro-apoptotic protein BAD and promoted the survival of activated CD8+ T cells. Phenotypic, functional, and transcriptomic profiling showed that T. cruzi-specific CD8+ T cells derived from IL-17RA-deficient mice presented features of cell dysfunction. PD-L1 blockade partially restored the magnitude of CD8+ T cell responses and parasite control in these mice. Adoptive transfer experiments established that IL-17RA-signaling is intrinsically required for the proper maintenance of functional effector CD8+ T cells. Altogether, our results identify IL-17RA and IL-17A as critical factors for sustaining CD8+ T cell immunity to T. cruzi.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jimena Tosello Boari
- Departamento de Bioquímica Clínica, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina
- Centro de Investigaciones en Bioquímica Clínica e Inmunología, CONICET, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Cintia L. Araujo Furlan
- Departamento de Bioquímica Clínica, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina
- Centro de Investigaciones en Bioquímica Clínica e Inmunología, CONICET, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Facundo Fiocca Vernengo
- Departamento de Bioquímica Clínica, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina
- Centro de Investigaciones en Bioquímica Clínica e Inmunología, CONICET, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Constanza Rodriguez
- Departamento de Bioquímica Clínica, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina
- Centro de Investigaciones en Bioquímica Clínica e Inmunología, CONICET, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - María C. Ramello
- Departamento de Bioquímica Clínica, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina
- Centro de Investigaciones en Bioquímica Clínica e Inmunología, CONICET, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - María C. Amezcua Vesely
- Departamento de Bioquímica Clínica, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina
- Centro de Investigaciones en Bioquímica Clínica e Inmunología, CONICET, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Melisa Gorosito Serrán
- Departamento de Bioquímica Clínica, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina
- Centro de Investigaciones en Bioquímica Clínica e Inmunología, CONICET, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Nicolás G. Nuñez
- SiRIC TransImm “Translational Immunotherapy Team,” Translational Research Department, Research Center, PSL Research University, INSERM U932, Institut Curie, Paris, France
- Centre d'Investigation Clinique Biothérapie CICBT 1428, Institut Curie, Paris, France
| | - Wilfrid Richer
- SiRIC TransImm “Translational Immunotherapy Team,” Translational Research Department, Research Center, PSL Research University, INSERM U932, Institut Curie, Paris, France
- Centre d'Investigation Clinique Biothérapie CICBT 1428, Institut Curie, Paris, France
| | - Eliane Piaggio
- SiRIC TransImm “Translational Immunotherapy Team,” Translational Research Department, Research Center, PSL Research University, INSERM U932, Institut Curie, Paris, France
- Centre d'Investigation Clinique Biothérapie CICBT 1428, Institut Curie, Paris, France
| | - Carolina L. Montes
- Departamento de Bioquímica Clínica, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina
- Centro de Investigaciones en Bioquímica Clínica e Inmunología, CONICET, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Adriana Gruppi
- Departamento de Bioquímica Clínica, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina
- Centro de Investigaciones en Bioquímica Clínica e Inmunología, CONICET, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Eva V. Acosta Rodríguez
- Departamento de Bioquímica Clínica, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina
- Centro de Investigaciones en Bioquímica Clínica e Inmunología, CONICET, Córdoba, Argentina
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8
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Bhavanam S, Rayat GR, Keelan M, Kunimoto D, Drews SJ. Characterization of immune responses of human PBMCs infected with Mycobacterium tuberculosis H37Ra: Impact of donor declared BCG vaccination history on immune responses and M. tuberculosis growth. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0203822. [PMID: 30204787 PMCID: PMC6133369 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0203822] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2018] [Accepted: 08/28/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
This study characterized the immune responses in early Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) H37Ra infection of human peripheral blood mononuclear cell (PBMC)-collagen matrix culture and the impact of Bacille Calmette-Guérin (BCG) vaccination history of donor PBMCs on the immune responses to Mtb infection. Aggregates of PBMCs were initially observed on day 3 and the size of aggregates continued to increase on day 8 post-infection, where macrophages and T cell subsets were identified to be present. Similarly, mycobacterial load progressively increased in infected PBMCs during the 8 days of culture but were significantly lower in infected PBMCs from BCG vaccinated (BCG+) donors compared to unvaccinated (BCG-) donors. The levels of INF-γ, TNF-α, IL-4, IL-6, IL-10 and IL-17 in the supernatants of Mtb-infected PBMCs peaked at day 3 and decreased on days 5 and 8. The levels of these cytokines except IL-10 were significantly lower in Mtb-infected PBMCs from BCG+ donors compared to infected PBMCs from BCG- donors. The percentages of activated naïve Th cells, activated effector memory Th cells and activated central memory Tc cells were significantly higher in Mtb-infected PBMCs compared to uninfected PBMCs at day 8 post-infection. Further, the proportion of activated central memory Tc cells was significantly higher in infected PBMCs from BCG+ donors compared to the BCG- donors. This study highlights the possibility that BCG vaccination may confound results that utilize human PBMCs to study Mtb infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sudha Bhavanam
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Gina R. Rayat
- Department of Surgery, Ray Rajotte Surgical-Medical Research Institute, Alberta Diabetes Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Monika Keelan
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Dennis Kunimoto
- Department of Medicine, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Steven J. Drews
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
- Provincial Laboratory for Public Health, University of Alberta Hospital, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
- * E-mail:
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9
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Genetic approach towards a vaccine against malaria. Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis 2018; 37:1829-1839. [PMID: 29956023 DOI: 10.1007/s10096-018-3313-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2018] [Accepted: 06/20/2018] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
Malaria is a major concern for international health authorities. Millions of people contract it every year in the world due to a parasite of the Plasmodium genus. Due to the complexity of the parasite biology and genetics, there is currently no vaccine against the disease. However, due to the great resistance both to the medicines and to the insecticides used to combat the disease, it has become essential to obtain a vaccine as the necessary tool to prevent transmission and eliminate the disease. The bibliometric data indicate that interest in vaccines has been growing steadily since the 1980s. But nowadays, a powerful tool is used: the Plasmodium genome. This allows us to improve the fight against the disease. Knowing the sequences of the genes that favor the appearance of drug resistance, or those that encode for proteins with greater antigenic response, is a tool that can become fundamental. This article reviews the state of the art on vaccines and genetics, in the fight against malaria, and analyzes the fixed photo that the worldwide research on the disease poses.
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10
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Prime-boost vaccination with recombinant protein and adenovirus-vector expressing Plasmodium vivax circumsporozoite protein (CSP) partially protects mice against Pb/Pv sporozoite challenge. Sci Rep 2018; 8:1118. [PMID: 29348479 PMCID: PMC5773670 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-19063-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2017] [Accepted: 12/21/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Vaccine development against Plasmodium vivax malaria lags behind that for Plasmodium falciparum. To narrow this gap, we administered recombinant antigens based on P. vivax circumsporozoite protein (CSP) to mice. We expressed in Pichia pastoris two chimeric proteins by merging the three central repeat regions of different CSP alleles (VK210, VK247, and P. vivax-like). The first construct (yPvCSP-AllFL) contained the fused repeat regions flanked by N- and C-terminal regions. The second construct (yPvCSP-AllCT) contained the fused repeat regions and the C-terminal domain, plus RI region. Mice were vaccinated with three doses of yPvCSP in adjuvants Poly (I:C) or Montanide ISA720. We also used replication-defective adenovirus vectors expressing CSP of human serotype 5 (AdHu5) and chimpanzee serotype 68 (AdC68) for priming mice which were subsequently boosted twice with yPvCSP proteins in Poly (I:C) adjuvant. Regardless of the regime used, immunized mice generated high IgG titres specific to all CSP alleles. After challenge with P. berghei ANKA transgenic parasites expressing Pb/PvVK210 or Pb/PvVK247 sporozoites, significant time delays for parasitemia were observed in all vaccinated mice. These vaccine formulations should be clinically tried for their potential as protective universal vaccine against P. vivax malaria.
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11
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Chen MC, Lai KY, Ling MH, Lin CW. Enhancing immunogenicity of antigens through sustained intradermal delivery using chitosan microneedles with a patch-dissolvable design. Acta Biomater 2018; 65:66-75. [PMID: 29109028 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2017.11.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2017] [Revised: 11/01/2017] [Accepted: 11/02/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Reducing the dosage required for vaccination is highly desirable, particularly in cases of epidemic emergencies. This study evaluated the potential of a chitosan microneedle (MN) system with a patch-dissolvable design for low-dose immunization. This system comprises antigen-loaded chitosan MNs and a hydrophilic polyvinyl alcohol/polyvinyl pyrrolidone supporting array patch, which provides extra strength to achieve complete MN insertion and then quickly dissolves in the skin to reduce patch-induced skin irritation. After insertion, MNs could be directly implanted in the dermal layer as an intradermal (ID) depot to allow a sustained release of the model antigen ovalbumin (OVA) for up to 28 days. We found that rats immunized with MNs containing low-dose OVA (approximately 200 μg) had persistently high antibody levels for 18 weeks, which were significantly higher than those observed after an intramuscular injection of full-dose OVA (approximately 500 μg), demonstrating at least 2.5-fold dose sparing. Moreover, OVA-encapsulated chitosan MNs had superior immunogenicity to OVA plus chitosan solution, indicating that MN-based delivery and prolonged skin exposure can further enhance chitosan's adjuvanticity. Therefore, this patch-dissolvable MN system offers a needle-free, accurate, and reliable ID delivery of antigens and has potential as a sustained ID delivery device to improve vaccine efficacy and facilitate dose sparing with existing vaccines. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE This study developed implantable chitosan microneedles (MNs) with a patch-dissolvable design for the sustained intradermal (ID) delivery of antigens and demonstrated their antigen dose-sparing potential. We found that rats immunized with chitosan MNs containing low-dose OVA had persistently high antibody levels for 18 weeks, which were significantly higher than those observed after an intramuscular injection of full-dose OVA, demonstrating at least 2.5-fold dose sparing. Our results indicate that chitosan MNs can not only serve as an efficient vaccine delivery system but also exert their promising adjuvant activity by forming an ID depot for prolonged antigen exposure and activating dendritic cells for promoting immune responses.
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12
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Fløe A, Løppke C, Hilberg O, Wejse C, Brix L, Jacobsen K. Development of an epitope panel for consistent identification of antigen-specific T-cells in humans. Immunology 2017; 152:298-307. [PMID: 28564390 DOI: 10.1111/imm.12769] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2017] [Revised: 05/11/2017] [Accepted: 05/15/2017] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
We aimed to establish a panel of MHC-peptide multimers suitable as a positive control in the detection of HLA A*0201 restricted antigen specific T cells (ASTC) by flow cytometry. MHC Dextramers were loaded with HLA A*0201 binding peptides from viral antigens and melanoma targets identified from a literature search and in silico prediction. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) from healthy donors were analysed with the MHC Dextramers using flow cytometry. The best performing epitopes were tested on PBMC from patients undergoing testing for Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection to assess the coverage of this epitope panel. Of 21 candidate epitopes, ASTC could be detected against 12 (57·1%) in at least one of 18 healthy blood donors. Reactivity to two or more epitopes was seen in 17 of the 18 donors (94·4%). We selected the six best-performing epitopes and demonstrated a positive response in 42 (97·7%) of 43 patient samples (healthy, latent and active M. tuberculosis infection). The selected panel of six antigenic epitopes sufficed as a positive control in the detection of ASTC in HLA A*0201. Performance was robust in different stages of latent and active M. tuberculosis infection, indicating reliability also during infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreas Fløe
- Department of Respiratory Diseases and Allergy, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark.,Immudex ApS, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | | | - Ole Hilberg
- University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark.,Department of Respiratory Medicine, Sygehus Lillabaelt, Vejle, Denmark
| | - Christian Wejse
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark.,GloHAU Centre for Global Health, Department of Public Health, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
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13
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Arosa FA, Esgalhado AJ, Padrão CA, Cardoso EM. Divide, Conquer, and Sense: CD8 +CD28 - T Cells in Perspective. Front Immunol 2017; 7:665. [PMID: 28096804 PMCID: PMC5206803 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2016.00665] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2016] [Accepted: 12/16/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Understanding the rationale for the generation of a pool of highly differentiated effector memory CD8+ T cells displaying a weakened capacity to scrutinize for peptides complexed with major histocompatibility class I molecules via their T cell receptor, lacking the “signal 2” CD28 receptor, and yet expressing a highly diverse array of innate receptors, from natural killer receptors, interleukin receptors, and damage-associated molecular pattern receptors, among others, is one of the most challenging issues in contemporary human immunology. The prevalence of these differentiated CD8+ T cells, also known as CD8+CD28−, CD8+KIR+, NK-like CD8+ T cells, or innate CD8+ T cells, in non-lymphoid organs and tissues, in peripheral blood of healthy elderly, namely centenarians, but also in stressful and chronic inflammatory conditions suggests that they are not merely end-of-the-line dysfunctional cells. These experienced CD8+ T cells are highly diverse and capable of sensing a variety of TCR-independent signals, which enables them to respond and fine-tune tissue homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fernando A Arosa
- Health Sciences Research Centre (CICS-UBI), Universidade da Beira Interior, Covilhã, Portugal; Faculty of Health Sciences (FCS-UBI), Universidade da Beira Interior, Covilhã, Portugal
| | - André J Esgalhado
- Health Sciences Research Centre (CICS-UBI), Universidade da Beira Interior , Covilhã , Portugal
| | - Carolina A Padrão
- Health Sciences Research Centre (CICS-UBI), Universidade da Beira Interior , Covilhã , Portugal
| | - Elsa M Cardoso
- Health Sciences Research Centre (CICS-UBI), Universidade da Beira Interior, Covilhã, Portugal; Faculty of Health Sciences (FCS-UBI), Universidade da Beira Interior, Covilhã, Portugal
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14
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Ertl HC. Viral vectors as vaccine carriers. Curr Opin Virol 2016; 21:1-8. [PMID: 27327517 DOI: 10.1016/j.coviro.2016.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2016] [Revised: 06/01/2016] [Accepted: 06/02/2016] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
This chapter reviews the performance of viral vectors based on adenoviruses or adeno-associated virus as vaccine carriers for infectious diseases. Replication-defective adenovirus vectors based on multiple human or non-human serotypes have consistently induced potent transgene product-specific B and T cell responses and are increasingly being explored in human clinical trials. The immunogenicity of most vectors based on adeno-associated virus vectors has been poor with the exception of a recently described hybrid vector from rhesus macaques that due to its ability to induce potent responses in mice warrant further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hildegund Cj Ertl
- Wistar Institute, 3601 Spruce Street, Philadelphia, PA 19104, United States.
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15
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Matos MN, Sánchez Alberti A, Morales C, Cazorla SI, Malchiodi EL. A prime-boost immunization with Tc52 N-terminal domain DNA and the recombinant protein expressed in Pichia pastoris protects against Trypanosoma cruzi infection. Vaccine 2016; 34:3243-51. [PMID: 27177947 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2016.05.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2015] [Revised: 04/14/2016] [Accepted: 05/04/2016] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
We have previously reported that the N-terminal domain of the antigen Tc52 (NTc52) is the section of the protein that confers the strongest protection against Trypanosoma cruzi infection. To improve vaccine efficacy, we conducted here a prime-boost strategy (NTc52PB) by inoculating two doses of pcDNA3.1 encoding the NTc52 DNA carried by attenuated Salmonella (SNTc52), followed by two doses of recombinant NTc52 expressed in Picchia pastoris plus ODN-CpG as adjuvant. This strategy was comparatively analyzed with the following protocols: (1) two doses of NTc52+ODN-CpG by intranasal route followed by two doses of NTc52+ODN-CpG by intradermal route (NTc52CpG); (2) four doses of SNTc52; and (3) a control group with four doses of Salmonella carrying the empty plasmid. All immunized groups developed a predominant Th1 cellular immune response but with important differences in antibody development and protection against infection. Thus, immunization with just SNTc52 induces a strong specific cellular response, a specific systemic antibody response that is weak yet functional (considering lysis of trypomastigotes and inhibition of cell invasion), and IgA mucosal immunity, protecting in both the acute and chronic stages of infection. The group that received only recombinant protein (NTc52CpG) developed a strong antibody immune response but weaker cellular immunity than the other groups, and the protection against infection was clear in the acute phase of infection but not in chronicity. The prime-boost strategy, which combines DNA and protein vaccine and both mucosal and systemic immunizations routes, was the best assayed protocol, inducing strong cellular and humoral responses as well as specific mucosal IgA, thus conferring better protection in the acute and chronic stages of infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marina N Matos
- Cátedra de Inmunología and Instituto de Estudios de la Inmunidad Humoral (IDEHU), UBA-CONICET, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Departamento de Microbiología, Parasitología e Inmunología and Instituto de Microbiología y Parasitología Médica (IMPaM), UBA-CONICET, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Andrés Sánchez Alberti
- Cátedra de Inmunología and Instituto de Estudios de la Inmunidad Humoral (IDEHU), UBA-CONICET, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Departamento de Microbiología, Parasitología e Inmunología and Instituto de Microbiología y Parasitología Médica (IMPaM), UBA-CONICET, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Celina Morales
- Instituto de Fisiopatología Cardiovascular, Departamento de Patología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Silvia I Cazorla
- Cátedra de Inmunología and Instituto de Estudios de la Inmunidad Humoral (IDEHU), UBA-CONICET, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Departamento de Microbiología, Parasitología e Inmunología and Instituto de Microbiología y Parasitología Médica (IMPaM), UBA-CONICET, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Emilio L Malchiodi
- Cátedra de Inmunología and Instituto de Estudios de la Inmunidad Humoral (IDEHU), UBA-CONICET, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Departamento de Microbiología, Parasitología e Inmunología and Instituto de Microbiología y Parasitología Médica (IMPaM), UBA-CONICET, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina.
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16
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Ersching J, Vasconcelos JR, Ferreira CP, Caetano BC, Machado AV, Bruna–Romero O, Baron MA, Ferreira LRP, Cunha-Neto E, Rock KL, Gazzinelli RT, Rodrigues MM. The Combined Deficiency of Immunoproteasome Subunits Affects Both the Magnitude and Quality of Pathogen- and Genetic Vaccination-Induced CD8+ T Cell Responses to the Human Protozoan Parasite Trypanosoma cruzi. PLoS Pathog 2016; 12:e1005593. [PMID: 27128676 PMCID: PMC4851296 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1005593] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2015] [Accepted: 04/01/2016] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The β1i, β2i and β5i immunoproteasome subunits have an important role in defining the repertoire of MHC class I-restricted epitopes. However, the impact of combined deficiency of the three immunoproteasome subunits in the development of protective immunity to intracellular pathogens has not been investigated. Here, we demonstrate that immunoproteasomes play a key role in host resistance and genetic vaccination-induced protection against the human pathogen Trypanosoma cruzi (the causative agent of Chagas disease), immunity to which is dependent on CD8+ T cells and IFN-γ (the classical immunoproteasome inducer). We observed that infection with T. cruzi triggers the transcription of immunoproteasome genes, both in mice and humans. Importantly, genetically vaccinated or T. cruzi-infected β1i, β2i and β5i triple knockout (TKO) mice presented significantly lower frequencies and numbers of splenic CD8+ effector T cells (CD8+CD44highCD62Llow) specific for the previously characterized immunodominant (VNHRFTLV) H-2Kb-restricted T. cruzi epitope. Not only the quantity, but also the quality of parasite-specific CD8+ T cell responses was altered in TKO mice. Hence, the frequency of double-positive (IFN-γ+/TNF+) or single-positive (IFN-γ+) cells specific for the H-2Kb-restricted immunodominant as well as subdominant T. cruzi epitopes were higher in WT mice, whereas TNF single-positive cells prevailed among CD8+ T cells from TKO mice. Contrasting with their WT counterparts, TKO animals were also lethally susceptible to T. cruzi challenge, even after an otherwise protective vaccination with DNA and adenoviral vectors. We conclude that the immunoproteasome subunits are key determinants in host resistance to T. cruzi infection by influencing both the magnitude and quality of CD8+ T cell responses. CD8+ t lymphocytes are cells of the immune system that mediate control of intracellular infections by viruses, prokaryote as well as eukaryote pathogens. To confer protection, these lymphocytes need to be elicited by pathogen peptides that are presented in association with MHC class I molecules. The degradation of self and microbial proteins by catalytic domains of the cytosolic proteasome β1, β2 and β5 subunits is intimately linked to the generation of MHC class I-restricted epitopes, which in turn are important determinants of the kinetics, specificity and efficiency of CD8+ T cell-mediated immunity. Importantly, inflammatory stimuli trigger the expression of the inducible alternative β1i, β2i and β5i subunits that form the immunoproteasomes. The qualitative and quantitative importance of immunoproteasomes in generating CD8+ T cell epitopes has recently been demonstrated in mice that are simultaneously devoid of the β1i, β2i and β5i subunits. In this study, we explored the role of immunoproteasomes in host resistance to Trypanosoma cruzi, a protozoan parasite that causes Chagas disease. We found that β1i, β2i and β5i triply deficient mice have an impaired response of CD8+ T cells and are highly susceptible to primary infection with T. cruzi. We also demonstrated that host resistance induced by a genetic vaccine able to protect normal mice from T. cruzi challenge fails to do so in the immunoproteasome-deficient mice. Our study provides strong evidences that β1i, β2i and β5i immunoproteasome subunits are important determinants of both the magnitude and quality of CD8+ T cell responses as well as immune-mediated host resistance to a human pathogen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonatan Ersching
- Centro de Terapia Celular e Molecular and Departamento de Microbiologia, Imunologia e Parasitologia, Universidade Federal de São Paulo - Escola Paulista de Medicina, São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - José R. Vasconcelos
- Centro de Terapia Celular e Molecular and Departamento de Microbiologia, Imunologia e Parasitologia, Universidade Federal de São Paulo - Escola Paulista de Medicina, São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
- Departamento de Biociências, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Santos, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Camila P. Ferreira
- Centro de Terapia Celular e Molecular and Departamento de Microbiologia, Imunologia e Parasitologia, Universidade Federal de São Paulo - Escola Paulista de Medicina, São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Braulia C. Caetano
- Departments of Medicine and Pathology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | | | - Oscar Bruna–Romero
- Departamento de Microbiologia, Imunologia e Parasitologia, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Santa Catarina, Brazil
| | - Monique A. Baron
- Instituto do Coração (InCor), Faculdade de Medicina - Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Ludmila R. P. Ferreira
- Instituto do Coração (InCor), Faculdade de Medicina - Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
- Universidade Santo Amaro, São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Edécio Cunha-Neto
- Instituto do Coração (InCor), Faculdade de Medicina - Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Kenneth L. Rock
- Departments of Medicine and Pathology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Ricardo T. Gazzinelli
- Departments of Medicine and Pathology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts, United States of America
- Centro de Pesquisas René Rachou, FIOCRUZ, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
- Departamento de Bioquímica e Imunologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
- * E-mail:
| | - Maurício M. Rodrigues
- Centro de Terapia Celular e Molecular and Departamento de Microbiologia, Imunologia e Parasitologia, Universidade Federal de São Paulo - Escola Paulista de Medicina, São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
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17
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Jaigirdar SA, MacLeod MKL. Development and Function of Protective and Pathologic Memory CD4 T Cells. Front Immunol 2015; 6:456. [PMID: 26441961 PMCID: PMC4561815 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2015.00456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2015] [Accepted: 08/24/2015] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Immunological memory is one of the defining features of the adaptive immune system. As key orchestrators and mediators of immunity, CD4 T cells are central to the vast majority of adaptive immune responses. Generated following an immune response, memory CD4 T cells retain pertinent information about their activation environment enabling them to make rapid effector responses upon reactivation. These responses can either benefit the host by hastening the control of pathogens or cause damaging immunopathology. Here, we will discuss the diversity of the memory CD4 T cell pool, the signals that influence the transition of activated T cells into that pool, and highlight how activation requirements differ between naïve and memory CD4 T cells. A greater understanding of these factors has the potential to aid the design of more effective vaccines and to improve regulation of pathologic CD4 T cells, such as in the context of autoimmunity and allergy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shafqat Ahrar Jaigirdar
- Centre for Immunobiology, Institute of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, University of Glasgow , Glasgow , UK
| | - Megan K L MacLeod
- Centre for Immunobiology, Institute of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, University of Glasgow , Glasgow , UK
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18
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Choi JH, Jonsson-Schmunk K, Qiu X, Shedlock DJ, Strong J, Xu JX, Michie KL, Audet J, Fernando L, Myers MJ, Weiner D, Bajrovic I, Tran LQ, Wong G, Bello A, Kobinger GP, Schafer SC, Croyle MA. A Single Dose Respiratory Recombinant Adenovirus-Based Vaccine Provides Long-Term Protection for Non-Human Primates from Lethal Ebola Infection. Mol Pharm 2014; 12:2712-31. [PMID: 25363619 PMCID: PMC4525323 DOI: 10.1021/mp500646d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
![]()
As
the Ebola outbreak in West Africa continues and cases appear
in the United States and other countries, the need for long-lasting
vaccines to preserve global health is imminent. Here, we evaluate
the long-term efficacy of a respiratory and sublingual (SL) adenovirus-based
vaccine in non-human primates in two phases. In the first, a single
respiratory dose of 1.4 × 109 infectious virus particles
(ivp)/kg of Ad-CAGoptZGP induced strong Ebola glycoprotein (GP) specific
CD8+ and CD4+ T cell responses and Ebola GP-specific
antibodies in systemic and mucosal compartments and was partially
(67%) protective from challenge 62 days after immunization. The same
dose given by the SL route induced Ebola GP-specific CD8+ T cell responses similar to that of intramuscular (IM) injection,
however, the Ebola GP-specific antibody response was low. All primates
succumbed to infection. Three primates were then given the vaccine
in a formulation that improved the immune response to Ebola in rodents.
Three primates were immunized with 2.0 × 1010 ivp/kg
of vaccine by the SL route. Diverse populations of polyfunctional
Ebola GP-specific CD4+ and CD8+ T cells and
significant anti-Ebola GP antibodies were present in samples collected
150 days after respiratory immunization. The formulated vaccine was
fully protective against challenge 21 weeks after immunization. While
diverse populations of Ebola GP-specific CD4+ T cells were
produced after SL immunization, antibodies were not neutralizing and
the vaccine was unprotective. To our knowledge, this is the first
time that durable protection from a single dose respiratory adenovirus-based
Ebola vaccine has been demonstrated in primates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin Huk Choi
- †Division of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, United States
| | - Kristina Jonsson-Schmunk
- †Division of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, United States
| | - Xiangguo Qiu
- §Special Pathogens Program, National Microbiology Laboratory, Public Health Agency of Canada, Winnipeg, Manitoba R3E 3R2, Canada
| | - Devon J Shedlock
- ∥Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
| | - Jim Strong
- §Special Pathogens Program, National Microbiology Laboratory, Public Health Agency of Canada, Winnipeg, Manitoba R3E 3R2, Canada
| | - Jason X Xu
- †Division of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, United States
| | - Kelly L Michie
- ⊥The University of Texas College of Natural Sciences Institute for Cellular and Molecular Biology, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, United States
| | - Jonathan Audet
- §Special Pathogens Program, National Microbiology Laboratory, Public Health Agency of Canada, Winnipeg, Manitoba R3E 3R2, Canada
| | - Lisa Fernando
- §Special Pathogens Program, National Microbiology Laboratory, Public Health Agency of Canada, Winnipeg, Manitoba R3E 3R2, Canada
| | - Mark J Myers
- †Division of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, United States
| | - David Weiner
- ∥Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
| | - Irnela Bajrovic
- #Department of Biochemistry, College of Natural Sciences, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, United States
| | - Lilian Q Tran
- †Division of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, United States
| | - Gary Wong
- §Special Pathogens Program, National Microbiology Laboratory, Public Health Agency of Canada, Winnipeg, Manitoba R3E 3R2, Canada
| | - Alexander Bello
- §Special Pathogens Program, National Microbiology Laboratory, Public Health Agency of Canada, Winnipeg, Manitoba R3E 3R2, Canada
| | - Gary P Kobinger
- §Special Pathogens Program, National Microbiology Laboratory, Public Health Agency of Canada, Winnipeg, Manitoba R3E 3R2, Canada.,∥Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
| | - Stephen C Schafer
- †Division of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, United States
| | - Maria A Croyle
- †Division of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, United States.,⊥The University of Texas College of Natural Sciences Institute for Cellular and Molecular Biology, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, United States.,¶Center for Infectious Disease, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, United States
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19
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Sedegah M, Hollingdale MR, Farooq F, Ganeshan H, Belmonte M, Kim Y, Peters B, Sette A, Huang J, McGrath S, Abot E, Limbach K, Shi M, Soisson L, Diggs C, Chuang I, Tamminga C, Epstein JE, Villasante E, Richie TL. Sterile immunity to malaria after DNA prime/adenovirus boost immunization is associated with effector memory CD8+T cells targeting AMA1 class I epitopes. PLoS One 2014; 9:e106241. [PMID: 25211344 PMCID: PMC4161338 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0106241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2014] [Accepted: 07/29/2014] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Fifteen volunteers were immunized with three doses of plasmid DNA encoding P. falciparum circumsporozoite protein (CSP) and apical membrane antigen-1 (AMA1) and boosted with human adenovirus-5 (Ad) expressing the same antigens (DNA/Ad). Four volunteers (27%) demonstrated sterile immunity to controlled human malaria infection and, overall, protection was statistically significantly associated with ELISpot and CD8+ T cell IFN-γ activities to AMA1 but not CSP. DNA priming was required for protection, as 18 additional subjects immunized with Ad alone (AdCA) did not develop sterile protection. Methodology/Principal Findings We sought to identify correlates of protection, recognizing that DNA-priming may induce different responses than AdCA alone. Among protected volunteers, two and three had higher ELISpot and CD8+ T cell IFN-γ responses to CSP and AMA1, respectively, than non-protected volunteers. Unexpectedly, non-protected volunteers in the AdCA trial showed ELISpot and CD8+ T cell IFN-γ responses to AMA1 equal to or higher than the protected volunteers. T cell functionality assessed by intracellular cytokine staining for IFN-γ, TNF-α and IL-2 likewise did not distinguish protected from non-protected volunteers across both trials. However, three of the four protected volunteers showed higher effector to central memory CD8+ T cell ratios to AMA1, and one of these to CSP, than non-protected volunteers for both antigens. These responses were focused on discrete regions of CSP and AMA1. Class I epitopes restricted by A*03 or B*58 supertypes within these regions of AMA1 strongly recalled responses in three of four protected volunteers. We hypothesize that vaccine-induced effector memory CD8+ T cells recognizing a single class I epitope can confer sterile immunity to P. falciparum in humans. Conclusions/Significance We suggest that better understanding of which epitopes within malaria antigens can confer sterile immunity and design of vaccine approaches that elicit responses to these epitopes will increase the potency of next generation gene-based vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martha Sedegah
- US Military Malaria Vaccine Program, Naval Medical Research Center, Silver Spring, Maryland, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| | - Michael R. Hollingdale
- US Military Malaria Vaccine Program, Naval Medical Research Center, Silver Spring, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Fouzia Farooq
- US Military Malaria Vaccine Program, Naval Medical Research Center, Silver Spring, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Harini Ganeshan
- US Military Malaria Vaccine Program, Naval Medical Research Center, Silver Spring, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Maria Belmonte
- US Military Malaria Vaccine Program, Naval Medical Research Center, Silver Spring, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Yohan Kim
- La Jolla Institute for Allergy and Immunology, La Jolla, California, United States of America
| | - Bjoern Peters
- La Jolla Institute for Allergy and Immunology, La Jolla, California, United States of America
| | - Alessandro Sette
- La Jolla Institute for Allergy and Immunology, La Jolla, California, United States of America
| | - Jun Huang
- US Military Malaria Vaccine Program, Naval Medical Research Center, Silver Spring, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Shannon McGrath
- US Military Malaria Vaccine Program, Naval Medical Research Center, Silver Spring, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Esteban Abot
- US Military Malaria Vaccine Program, Naval Medical Research Center, Silver Spring, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Keith Limbach
- US Military Malaria Vaccine Program, Naval Medical Research Center, Silver Spring, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Meng Shi
- Division of Medical, Audio, Visual, Library and Statistical Services, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, Maryland, United States of America
| | | | | | - Ilin Chuang
- US Military Malaria Vaccine Program, Naval Medical Research Center, Silver Spring, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Cindy Tamminga
- US Military Malaria Vaccine Program, Naval Medical Research Center, Silver Spring, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Judith E. Epstein
- US Military Malaria Vaccine Program, Naval Medical Research Center, Silver Spring, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Eileen Villasante
- US Military Malaria Vaccine Program, Naval Medical Research Center, Silver Spring, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Thomas L. Richie
- US Military Malaria Vaccine Program, Naval Medical Research Center, Silver Spring, Maryland, United States of America
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20
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CD8(+) T cell-mediated immunity during Trypanosoma cruzi infection: a path for vaccine development? Mediators Inflamm 2014; 2014:243786. [PMID: 25104879 PMCID: PMC4102079 DOI: 10.1155/2014/243786] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2014] [Accepted: 06/15/2014] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
MHC-restricted CD8+ T cells are important during infection with the intracellular protozoan parasite Trypanosoma cruzi, the causative agent of Chagas disease. Experimental studies performed in the past 25 years have elucidated a number of features related to the immune response mediated by these T cells, which are important for establishing the parasite/host equilibrium leading to chronic infection. CD8+ T cells are specific for highly immunodominant antigens expressed by members of the trans-sialidase family. After infection, their activation is delayed, and the cells display a high proliferative activity associated with high apoptotic rates. Although they participate in parasite control and elimination, they are unable to clear the infection due to their low fitness, allowing the parasite to establish the chronic phase when these cells then play an active role in the induction of heart immunopathology. Vaccination with a number of subunit recombinant vaccines aimed at eliciting specific CD8+ T cells can reverse this path, thereby generating a productive immune response that will lead to the control of infection, reduction of symptoms, and reduction of disease transmission. Due to these attributes, activation of CD8+ T lymphocytes may constitute a path for the development of a veterinarian or human vaccine.
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21
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Genetic vaccination against experimental infection with myotropic parasite strains of Trypanosoma cruzi. Mediators Inflamm 2014; 2014:605023. [PMID: 25061263 PMCID: PMC4098640 DOI: 10.1155/2014/605023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2014] [Accepted: 05/25/2014] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
In earlier studies, we reported that a heterologous prime-boost regimen using recombinant plasmid DNA followed by replication-defective adenovirus vector, both containing Trypanosoma cruzi genes encoding trans-sialidase (TS) and amastigote surface protein (ASP) 2, provided protective immunity against experimental infection with a reticulotropic strain of this human protozoan parasite. Herein, we tested the outcome of genetic vaccination of F1 (CB10XBALB/c) mice challenged with myotropic parasite strains (Brazil and Colombian). Initially, we determined that the coadministration during priming of a DNA plasmid containing the murine IL-12 gene improved the immune response and was essential for protective immunity elicited by the heterologous prime-boost regimen in susceptible male mice against acute lethal infections with these parasites. The prophylactic or therapeutic vaccination of resistant female mice led to a drastic reduction in the number of inflammatory infiltrates in cardiac and skeletal muscles during the chronic phase of infection with either strain. Analysis of the electrocardiographic parameters showed that prophylactic vaccination reduced the frequencies of sinus arrhythmia and atrioventricular block. Our results confirmed that prophylactic vaccination using the TS and ASP-2 genes benefits the host against acute and chronic pathologies caused by T. cruzi and should be further evaluated for the development of a veterinary or human vaccine against Chagas disease.
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Vasconcelos JR, Dominguez MR, Neves RL, Ersching J, Araújo A, Santos LI, Virgilio FS, Machado AV, Bruna-Romero O, Gazzinelli RT, Rodrigues MM. Adenovirus vector-induced CD8⁺ T effector memory cell differentiation and recirculation, but not proliferation, are important for protective immunity against experimental Trypanosoma cruzi Infection. Hum Gene Ther 2014; 25:350-63. [PMID: 24568548 DOI: 10.1089/hum.2013.218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Heterologous prime-boost vaccination using plasmid DNA followed by replication-defective adenovirus vector generates a large number of specific CD8⁺ T effector memory (TEM) cells that provide long-term immunity against a variety of pathogens. In the present study, we initially characterized the frequency, phenotype, and function of these T cells in vaccinated mice that were subjected to infectious challenge with the human protozoan parasite Trypanosoma cruzi. We observed that the frequency of the specific CD8⁺ T cells in the spleens of the vaccinated mice increased after challenge. Specific TEM cells differentiated into cells with a KLRG1(High) CD27(Low) CD43(Low) CD183(Low)T-bet(High) Eomes(Low) phenotype and capable to produce simultaneously the antiparasitic mediators IFNγ and TNF. Using the gzmBCreERT2/ROSA26EYFP transgenic mouse line, in which the cells that express Granzyme B after immunization, are indelibly labeled with enhanced yellow fluorescent protein, we confirmed that CD8⁺ T cells present after challenge were indeed TEM cells that had been induced by vaccination. Subsequently, we observed that the in vivo increase in the frequency of the specific CD8⁺ T cells was not because of an anamnestic immune response. Most importantly, after challenge, the increase in the frequency of specific cells and the protective immunity they mediate were insensitive to treatment with the cytostatic toxic agent hydroxyurea. We have previously described that the administration of the drug FTY720, which reduces lymphocyte recirculation, severely impairs protective immunity, and our evidence supports the model that when large amounts of antigen-experienced CD8⁺ TEM cells are present after heterologous prime-boost vaccination, differentiation, and recirculation, rather than proliferation, are key for the resultant protective immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- José Ronnie Vasconcelos
- 1 Centro de Terapia Celular e Molecular (CTCMol), Universidade Federal de São Paulo-Escola Paulista de Medicina , São Paulo, SP 04044-010, Brazil
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Aurisicchio L, Peruzzi D, Koo G, Wei WZ, La Monica N, Ciliberto G. Immunogenicity and therapeutic efficacy of a dual-component genetic cancer vaccine cotargeting carcinoembryonic antigen and HER2/neu in preclinical models. Hum Gene Ther 2014; 25:121-31. [PMID: 24195644 PMCID: PMC3922413 DOI: 10.1089/hum.2013.103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2013] [Accepted: 11/05/2013] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Several cancer vaccine efforts have been directed to simultaneously cotarget multiple tumor antigens, with the intent to achieve broader immune responses and more effective control of cancer growth. Genetic cancer vaccines based on in vivo muscle electro-gene-transfer of plasmid DNA (DNA-EGT) and adenoviral vectors represent promising modalities to elicit powerful immune responses against tumor-associated antigens (TAAs) such as carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) and human epidermal growth factor receptor-2 (HER2)/neu. Combinations of these modalities of immunization (heterologous prime-boost) can induce superior immune reactions as compared with single-modality vaccines. We have generated a dual component-dual target genetic cancer vaccine consisting of a DNA moiety containing equal amounts of two plasmids, one encoding the extracellular and transmembrane domains of HER2 (ECD.TM) and the other encoding CEA fused to the B subunit of Escherichia coli heat-labile toxin (LTB), and of an adenoviral subtype 6 dicistronic vector carrying the same two tumor antigens gene constructs. The CEA/HER2 vaccine was tested in two different CEA/HER2 double-transgenic mouse models and in NOD/scid-DR1 mice engrafted with the human immune system. The immune response was measured by enzyme-linked immunospot assay, flow cytometry, and ELISA. The CEA/HER2 vaccine was able to break immune tolerance against both antigens. Induction of a T cell and antibody immune response was detected in immune-tolerant mice. Most importantly, the vaccine was able to slow the growth of HER2/neu⁺ and CEA⁺ tumors. A significant T cell response was measured in NOD/scid-DR1 mice engrafted with human cord blood cells. In conclusion, the CEA/HER2 genetic vaccine was immunogenic and able to confer significant therapeutic effects. These data warrant the evaluation of this vaccination strategy in human clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luigi Aurisicchio
- Istituto di Ricerche di Biologia Molecolare (IRBM), 00040 Pomezia, Rome, Italy
| | - Daniela Peruzzi
- Istituto di Ricerche di Biologia Molecolare (IRBM), 00040 Pomezia, Rome, Italy
| | - Gloria Koo
- Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10021
| | - Wei-Zen Wei
- Karmanos Cancer Institute, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI 48201
| | - Nicola La Monica
- Istituto di Ricerche di Biologia Molecolare (IRBM), 00040 Pomezia, Rome, Italy
| | - Gennaro Ciliberto
- Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS), National Cancer Institute G. Pascale, 80131 Naples, Italy
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Nanoparticle conjugation of CpG enhances adjuvancy for cellular immunity and memory recall at low dose. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2013; 110:19902-7. [PMID: 24248387 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1313152110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 200] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
In subunit vaccines, strong CD8(+) T-cell responses are desired, yet they are elusive at reasonable adjuvant doses. We show that targeting adjuvant to the lymph node (LN) via ultrasmall polymeric nanoparticles (NPs), which rapidly drain to the LN after intradermal injection, greatly enhances adjuvant efficacy at low doses. Coupling CpG-B or CpG-C oligonucleotides to NPs led to better dual-targeting of adjuvant and antigen (codelivered on separate NPs) in cross-presenting dendritic cells compared with free adjuvant. This led to enhanced dendritic cell maturation and T helper 1 (Th1)-cytokine secretion, in turn driving stronger effector CD8(+) T-cell activation with enhanced cytolytic profiles and, importantly, more powerful memory recall. With only 4 μg CpG, NP-CpG-B could substantially protect mice from syngeneic tumor challenge, even after 4 mo of vaccination, compared with free CpG-B. Together, these results show that nanocarriers can enhance vaccine efficacy at a low adjuvant dose for inducing potent and long-lived cellular immunity.
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Vaccination using recombinants influenza and adenoviruses encoding amastigote surface protein-2 are highly effective on protection against Trypanosoma cruzi infection. PLoS One 2013; 8:e61795. [PMID: 23637908 PMCID: PMC3634828 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0061795] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2012] [Accepted: 03/13/2013] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
In the present study we evaluated the protection raised by immunization with recombinant influenza viruses carrying sequences coding for polypeptides corresponding to medial and carboxi-terminal moieties of Trypanosoma cruzi ´s amastigote surface protein 2 (ASP2). Those viruses were used in sequential immunization with recombinant adenovirus (heterologous prime-boost immunization protocol) encoding the complete sequence of ASP2 (Ad-ASP2) in two mouse strains (C57BL/6 and C3H/He). The CD8 effector response elicited by this protocol was comparable to that observed in mice immunized twice with Ad-ASP2 and more robust than that observed in mice that were immunized once with Ad-ASP2. Whereas a single immunization with Ad-ASP2 sufficed to completely protect C57BL/6 mice, a higher survival rate was observed in C3H/He mice that were primed with recombinant influenza virus and boosted with Ad-ASP2 after being challenged with T. cruzi. Analyzing the phenotype of CD8+ T cells obtained from spleen of vaccinated C3H/He mice we observed that heterologous prime-boost immunization protocol elicited more CD8+ T cells specific for the immunodominant epitope as well as a higher number of CD8+ T cells producing TNF-α and IFN-γ and a higher mobilization of surface marker CD107a. Taken together, our results suggest that immunodominant subpopulations of CD8+ T elicited after immunization could be directly related to degree of protection achieved by different immunization protocols using different viral vectors. Overall, these results demonstrated the usefulness of recombinant influenza viruses in immunization protocols against Chagas Disease.
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