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Viegas J, Cardoso EM, Bonneau L, Esteves AF, Ferreira CL, Alves G, Santos-Silva AJ, Vitale M, Arosa FA, Taborda-Barata L. A Novel Bionebulizer Approach to Study the Effects of Natural Mineral Water on a 3D In Vitro Nasal Model from Allergic Rhinitis Patients. Biomedicines 2024; 12:408. [PMID: 38398010 PMCID: PMC10886703 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines12020408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2024] [Revised: 02/02/2024] [Accepted: 02/06/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Sulfurous thermal waters (STWs) are used as a complementary treatment for allergic rhinitis. However, there is scant data on the effects of STW on nasal epithelial cells, and in vitro models are warranted. The main aim of this study was to evaluate the dose and time effects of exposure to 3D nasal inserts (MucilAirTM-HF allergic rhinitis model) with STW or isotonic sodium chloride solution (ISCS) aerosols. Transepithelial electrical resistance (TEER) and histology were assessed before and after nebulizations. Chemokine/cytokine levels in the basal supernatants were assessed by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. The results showed that more than four daily nebulizations of four or more minutes compromised the normal epithelial integrity. In contrast, 1 or 2 min of STW or ISCS nebulizations had no toxic effect up to 3 days. No statistically significant changes in release of inflammatory chemokines MCP-1/CCL2 > IL-8/CXCL8 > MIP-1α/CCL3, no meaningful release of "alarmins" (IL-1α, IL-33), nor of anti-inflammatory IL-10 cytokine were observed. We have characterized safe time and dose conditions for aerosol nebulizations using a novel in vitro 3D nasal epithelium model of allergic rhinitis patients. This may be a suitable in vitro setup to mimic in vivo treatments of chronic rhinitis with STW upon triggering an inflammatory stimulus in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joana Viegas
- CICS-UBI—Health Sciences Research Centre, University of Beira Interior, Avenida Infante D. Henrique, 6200-506 Covilhã, Portugal; (J.V.); (E.M.C.); (L.B.); (A.F.E.); (C.L.F.); (G.A.); (F.A.A.)
| | - Elsa M. Cardoso
- CICS-UBI—Health Sciences Research Centre, University of Beira Interior, Avenida Infante D. Henrique, 6200-506 Covilhã, Portugal; (J.V.); (E.M.C.); (L.B.); (A.F.E.); (C.L.F.); (G.A.); (F.A.A.)
- ESS-IPG-School of Health Sciences, Polytechnic Institute of Guarda, Rua da Cadeia, 6300-307 Guarda, Portugal
| | - Lucile Bonneau
- CICS-UBI—Health Sciences Research Centre, University of Beira Interior, Avenida Infante D. Henrique, 6200-506 Covilhã, Portugal; (J.V.); (E.M.C.); (L.B.); (A.F.E.); (C.L.F.); (G.A.); (F.A.A.)
| | - Ana Filipa Esteves
- CICS-UBI—Health Sciences Research Centre, University of Beira Interior, Avenida Infante D. Henrique, 6200-506 Covilhã, Portugal; (J.V.); (E.M.C.); (L.B.); (A.F.E.); (C.L.F.); (G.A.); (F.A.A.)
| | - Catarina L. Ferreira
- CICS-UBI—Health Sciences Research Centre, University of Beira Interior, Avenida Infante D. Henrique, 6200-506 Covilhã, Portugal; (J.V.); (E.M.C.); (L.B.); (A.F.E.); (C.L.F.); (G.A.); (F.A.A.)
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Beira Interior, Avenida Infante D. Henrique, 6200-506 Covilhã, Portugal;
| | - Gilberto Alves
- CICS-UBI—Health Sciences Research Centre, University of Beira Interior, Avenida Infante D. Henrique, 6200-506 Covilhã, Portugal; (J.V.); (E.M.C.); (L.B.); (A.F.E.); (C.L.F.); (G.A.); (F.A.A.)
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Beira Interior, Avenida Infante D. Henrique, 6200-506 Covilhã, Portugal;
| | - António Jorge Santos-Silva
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Beira Interior, Avenida Infante D. Henrique, 6200-506 Covilhã, Portugal;
- Unhais da Serra Thermal Spa, Avenida das Termas, 6215-574 Unhais da Serra, Portugal
| | - Marco Vitale
- Faculty of Medicine and Surgery, University Vita-Salute San Raffaele, 20132 Milan, Italy;
- FoRST—Fondazione per la Ricerca Scientifica Termale, 00198 Rome, Italy
| | - Fernando A. Arosa
- CICS-UBI—Health Sciences Research Centre, University of Beira Interior, Avenida Infante D. Henrique, 6200-506 Covilhã, Portugal; (J.V.); (E.M.C.); (L.B.); (A.F.E.); (C.L.F.); (G.A.); (F.A.A.)
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Beira Interior, Avenida Infante D. Henrique, 6200-506 Covilhã, Portugal;
| | - Luís Taborda-Barata
- CICS-UBI—Health Sciences Research Centre, University of Beira Interior, Avenida Infante D. Henrique, 6200-506 Covilhã, Portugal; (J.V.); (E.M.C.); (L.B.); (A.F.E.); (C.L.F.); (G.A.); (F.A.A.)
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Beira Interior, Avenida Infante D. Henrique, 6200-506 Covilhã, Portugal;
- UBIAir—Clinical & Experimental Lung Centre, University of Beira Interior, Estrada Municipal 506, 6200-284 Covilhã, Portugal
- CACB—Clinical Academic Centre of Beiras, Estrada Municipal 506, 6200-284 Covilhã, Portugal
- Department of Immunoallergology, Cova da Beira University Hospital Centre, Alameda Pêro da Covilhã, 6200-251 Covilhã, Portugal
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2
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Cardoso EM, Lourenço-Gomes V, Esgalhado AJ, Reste-Ferreira D, Oliveira N, Amaral AS, Martinho A, Gama JMR, Verde I, Lourenço O, Fonseca AM, Buchli R, Arosa FA. HLA-A23/HLA-A24 serotypes and dementia interaction in the elderly: Association with increased soluble HLA class I molecules in plasma. HLA 2023; 102:660-670. [PMID: 37400938 DOI: 10.1111/tan.15149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2023] [Revised: 06/16/2023] [Accepted: 06/22/2023] [Indexed: 07/05/2023]
Abstract
MHC class I molecules regulate brain development and plasticity in mice and HLA class I molecules are associated with brain disorders in humans. We investigated the relationship between plasma-derived soluble human HLA class I molecules (sHLA class I), HLA class I serotypes and dementia. A cohort of HLA class I serotyped elderly subjects with no dementia/pre-dementia (NpD, n = 28), or with dementia (D, n = 28) was studied. Multivariate analysis was used to examine the influence of dementia and HLA class I serotype on sHLA class I levels, and to compare sHLA class I within four groups according to the presence or absence of HLA-A23/A24 and dementia. HLA-A23/A24 and dementia, but not age, significantly influenced the level of sHLA class I. Importantly, the concurrent presence of HLA-A23/A24 and dementia was associated with higher levels of sHLA class I (p < 0.001). This study has shown that the simultaneous presence of HLA-A23/HLA-A24 and dementia is associated with high levels of serum sHLA class I molecules. Thus, sHLA class I could be considered a biomarker of neurodegeneration in certain HLA class I carriers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elsa M Cardoso
- ESS-IPG, School of Health Sciences, Polytechnic of Guarda, Guarda, Portugal
- CICS-UBI, Health Sciences Research Centre, University of Beira Interior, Covilhã, Portugal
- FCS-UBI, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Beira Interior, Covilhã, Portugal
| | | | - André J Esgalhado
- CICS-UBI, Health Sciences Research Centre, University of Beira Interior, Covilhã, Portugal
| | - Débora Reste-Ferreira
- CICS-UBI, Health Sciences Research Centre, University of Beira Interior, Covilhã, Portugal
| | - Nádia Oliveira
- CICS-UBI, Health Sciences Research Centre, University of Beira Interior, Covilhã, Portugal
| | - Ana Saraiva Amaral
- CICS-UBI, Health Sciences Research Centre, University of Beira Interior, Covilhã, Portugal
| | - António Martinho
- Molecular Genetics Laboratory, Coimbra Blood and Transplantation Center, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Jorge M R Gama
- Centre of Mathematics and Applications, Faculty of Sciences, University of Beira Interior, Covilhã, Portugal
| | - Ignácio Verde
- CICS-UBI, Health Sciences Research Centre, University of Beira Interior, Covilhã, Portugal
- Centre of Mathematics and Applications, Faculty of Sciences, University of Beira Interior, Covilhã, Portugal
| | - Olga Lourenço
- CICS-UBI, Health Sciences Research Centre, University of Beira Interior, Covilhã, Portugal
- FCS-UBI, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Beira Interior, Covilhã, Portugal
| | - Ana M Fonseca
- CICS-UBI, Health Sciences Research Centre, University of Beira Interior, Covilhã, Portugal
- FCS-UBI, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Beira Interior, Covilhã, Portugal
| | - Rico Buchli
- Pure Protein LLC, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, USA
| | - Fernando A Arosa
- CICS-UBI, Health Sciences Research Centre, University of Beira Interior, Covilhã, Portugal
- FCS-UBI, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Beira Interior, Covilhã, Portugal
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3
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Arosa FA, Esgalhado AJ, Reste-Ferreira D, Cardoso EM. Open MHC Class I Conformers: A Look through the Looking Glass. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22189738. [PMID: 34575902 PMCID: PMC8470049 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22189738] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2021] [Revised: 09/04/2021] [Accepted: 09/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Studies carried out during the last few decades have consistently shown that cell surface MHC class I (MHC-I) molecules are endowed with functions unrelated with antigen presentation. These include cis–trans-interactions with inhibitory and activating KIR and LILR, and cis-interactions with receptors for hormones, growth factors, cytokines, and neurotransmitters. The mounting body of evidence indicates that these non-immunological MHC-I functions impact clinical and biomedical settings, including autoimmune responses, tumor escape, transplantation, and neuronal development. Notably, most of these functions appear to rely on the presence in hematopoietic and non-hematopoietic cells of heavy chains not associated with β2m and the peptide at the plasma membrane; these are known as open MHC-I conformers. Nowadays, open conformers are viewed as functional cis-trans structures capable of establishing physical associations with themselves, with other surface receptors, and being shed into the extracellular milieu. We review past and recent developments, strengthening the view that open conformers are multifunctional structures capable of fine-tuning cell signaling, growth, differentiation, and cell communication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fernando A Arosa
- Health Sciences Research Center (CICS-UBI), University of Beira Interior, 6200-506 Covilhã, Portugal
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Beira Interior, 6200-506 Covilhã, Portugal
| | - André J Esgalhado
- Health Sciences Research Center (CICS-UBI), University of Beira Interior, 6200-506 Covilhã, Portugal
| | - Débora Reste-Ferreira
- Health Sciences Research Center (CICS-UBI), University of Beira Interior, 6200-506 Covilhã, Portugal
| | - Elsa M Cardoso
- Health Sciences Research Center (CICS-UBI), University of Beira Interior, 6200-506 Covilhã, Portugal
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Beira Interior, 6200-506 Covilhã, Portugal
- Health School, Guarda Polytechnic Institute, 6300-749 Guarda, Portugal
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4
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Esgalhado AJ, Reste-Ferreira D, Albino SE, Sousa A, Amaral AP, Martinho A, Oliveira IT, Verde I, Lourenço O, Fonseca AM, Cardoso EM, Arosa FA. CD45RA, CD8β, and IFNγ Are Potential Immune Biomarkers of Human Cognitive Function. Front Immunol 2020; 11:592656. [PMID: 33324408 PMCID: PMC7723833 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.592656] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2020] [Accepted: 10/12/2020] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
There is increasing evidence that in humans the adaptive immunological system can influence cognitive functions of the brain. We have undertaken a comprehensive immunological analysis of lymphocyte and monocyte populations as well as of HLA molecules expression in a cohort of elderly volunteers (age range, 64–101) differing in their cognitive status. Hereby, we report on the identification of a novel signature in cognitively impaired elderly characterized by: (1) elevated percentages of CD8+ T effector-memory cells expressing high levels of the CD45RA phosphate receptor (Temrahi); (2) high percentages of CD8+ T cells expressing high levels of the CD8β chain (CD8βhi); (3) augmented production of IFNγ by in vitro activated CD4+ T cells. Noteworthy, CD3+CD8+ Temrahi and CD3+CD8βhi cells were associated with impaired cognition. Cytomegalovirus seroprevalence showed that all volunteers studied but one were CMV positive. Finally, we show that some of these phenotypic and functional features are associated with an increased frequency of the HLA-B8 serotype, which belongs to the ancestral haplotype HLA-A1, Cw7, B8, DR3, DQ2, among cognitively impaired volunteers. To our knowledge, this is the first proof in humans linking the amount of cell surface CD45RA and CD8β chain expressed by CD8+ Temra cells, and the amount of IFNγ produced by in vitro activated CD4+ T cells, with impaired cognitive function in the elderly.
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Affiliation(s)
- André J Esgalhado
- CICS-UBI, Health Sciences Research Centre, University of Beira Interior, Covilhã, Portugal
| | - Débora Reste-Ferreira
- CICS-UBI, Health Sciences Research Centre, University of Beira Interior, Covilhã, Portugal
| | - Stephanie E Albino
- CICS-UBI, Health Sciences Research Centre, University of Beira Interior, Covilhã, Portugal
| | - Adriana Sousa
- CICS-UBI, Health Sciences Research Centre, University of Beira Interior, Covilhã, Portugal
| | - Ana Paula Amaral
- CICS-UBI, Health Sciences Research Centre, University of Beira Interior, Covilhã, Portugal
| | - António Martinho
- Molecular Genetics Laboratory, Coimbra Blood and Transplantation Center, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Isabel T Oliveira
- C4-UBI, Cloud Computing Competence Centre, University of Beira Interior, Covilhã, Portugal
| | - Ignacio Verde
- CICS-UBI, Health Sciences Research Centre, University of Beira Interior, Covilhã, Portugal.,Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Beira Interior, Covilhã, Portugal
| | - Olga Lourenço
- CICS-UBI, Health Sciences Research Centre, University of Beira Interior, Covilhã, Portugal.,Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Beira Interior, Covilhã, Portugal
| | - Ana M Fonseca
- CICS-UBI, Health Sciences Research Centre, University of Beira Interior, Covilhã, Portugal.,Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Beira Interior, Covilhã, Portugal
| | - Elsa M Cardoso
- CICS-UBI, Health Sciences Research Centre, University of Beira Interior, Covilhã, Portugal.,Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Beira Interior, Covilhã, Portugal.,IPG, Guarda Polytechnic Institute, Guarda, Portugal
| | - Fernando A Arosa
- CICS-UBI, Health Sciences Research Centre, University of Beira Interior, Covilhã, Portugal.,Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Beira Interior, Covilhã, Portugal
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5
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Viegas J, Esteves AF, Cardoso EM, Arosa FA, Vitale M, Taborda-Barata L. Biological Effects of Thermal Water-Associated Hydrogen Sulfide on Human Airways and Associated Immune Cells: Implications for Respiratory Diseases. Front Public Health 2019; 7:128. [PMID: 31231626 PMCID: PMC6560203 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2019.00128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2019] [Accepted: 05/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Natural mineral (thermal) waters have been used for centuries as treatment for various diseases. However, the scientific background of such therapeutic action is mostly empiric and based on knowledge acquired over time. Among the various types of natural mineral waters, sulfurous thermal waters (STWs) are the most common type in the center of Portugal. STWs are characterized by high pH, poor mineralization, and the presence of several ions and salts, such as bicarbonate, sodium, fluoride, silica, and carbonate. Furthermore, these waters are indicated as a good option for the treatment of various illnesses, namely respiratory diseases (e.g., allergic rhinitis, asthma, and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease). From the sulfide species present in these waters, hydrogen sulfide (H2S) stands out due to its abundance. In healthy conditions, H2S-related enzymes (e.g., cystathionine β-synthase and cystathionine γ-lyase) are expressed in human lungs, where they have mucolytic, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and antibacterial roles, thus contributing to airway epithelium homeostasis. These roles occur mainly through S-sulfhydration, a post-translational modification through which H2S is able to change the activity of several targets, such as ion channels, second messengers, proteins, among others. However, in respiratory diseases the metabolism of H2S is altered, which seems to contribute somehow to the respiratory deterioration. Moreover, H2S has been regarded as a good biomarker of airway dysfunction and severity, and can be measured in serum, sputum, and exhaled air. Hence, in this review we will recapitulate the effects of STWs on lung epithelial-immune crosstalk through the action of its main component, H2S.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joana Viegas
- CICS-UBI-Health Sciences Research Centre, University of Beira Interior, Covilhã, Portugal
| | - Ana Filipa Esteves
- CICS-UBI-Health Sciences Research Centre, University of Beira Interior, Covilhã, Portugal
| | - Elsa M Cardoso
- CICS-UBI-Health Sciences Research Centre, University of Beira Interior, Covilhã, Portugal.,FCS-Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Beira Interior, Covilhã, Portugal.,Escola Superior da Saúde, IPG-Instituto Politécnico da Guarda, Guarda, Portugal
| | - Fernando A Arosa
- CICS-UBI-Health Sciences Research Centre, University of Beira Interior, Covilhã, Portugal.,FCS-Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Beira Interior, Covilhã, Portugal
| | - Marco Vitale
- DiMeC-Department of Medicine & Surgery, University of Parma, Parma, Italy.,FoRST-Fondazione per la Ricerca Scientifica Termale, Rome, Italy
| | - Luís Taborda-Barata
- CICS-UBI-Health Sciences Research Centre, University of Beira Interior, Covilhã, Portugal.,NuESA-Health & Environment Study Group, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Beira Interior, Covilhã, Portugal.,Department of Immunoallergology, CHUCB-Cova da Beira University Hospital Centre, Covilhã, Portugal
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6
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Cardoso EM, Esgalhado AJ, Patrão L, Santos M, Neves VP, Martinez J, Patto MAV, Silva H, Arosa FA. Distinctive CD8 + T cell and MHC class I signatures in polycythemia vera patients. Ann Hematol 2018; 97:1563-1575. [PMID: 29789880 DOI: 10.1007/s00277-018-3332-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2017] [Accepted: 04/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Polycythemia vera (PV) is a myeloproliferative neoplasm characterized by overproduction of red blood cells. We have performed a comprehensive characterization of blood immune cells for expression of naïve and memory receptors as well as β2m-associated and β2m-free MHC class I heavy chains, also known as closed and open conformers, respectively, in PV patients and age-matched controls (CTR). We show that the peripheral CD3+CD8+ T cell pool in PV patients is clearly divided into two discrete populations, a more granular CD3+CD8high T cell population enriched in effector-memory CD45RA+ T cells (CD8+ TEMRA) when compared to CTR (P < 0.001), and a less granular CD3+CD8int T cell population that is completely absent in the CTR group (78 vs. 0%, P < 0.001) and is a mixture of naïve (CD8+ TN) and CD8+ TEMRA cells expressing intermediate levels of CD28, i.e., CD3+CD8intCD28int. While the percentage of CD3+CD8int TN cells correlated positively with the number of erythrocytes, the percentage of CD3+CD8int TEMRA correlated negatively with the number of platelets. Finally, we report that PV patients' lymphocytes and monocytes display lower levels of closed (W6/32+) MHC-I conformers at the cell surface while exhibiting increased amounts of open (HC-10+) MHC-I conformers. The implications of this distinctive immune signature are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elsa M Cardoso
- CICS-UBI-Health Sciences Research Center, University of Beira Interior, Av. Infante D. Henrique, 6200-506, Covilhã, Portugal.,FCS-Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Beira Interior, Covilhã, Portugal.,IPG-Instituto Politécnico da Guarda, Guarda, Portugal
| | - André J Esgalhado
- CICS-UBI-Health Sciences Research Center, University of Beira Interior, Av. Infante D. Henrique, 6200-506, Covilhã, Portugal
| | - Luís Patrão
- FCS-Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Beira Interior, Covilhã, Portugal.,CHTV-Centro Hospitalar Tondela-Viseu, Viseu, Portugal
| | - Mónica Santos
- CHTV-Centro Hospitalar Tondela-Viseu, Viseu, Portugal
| | | | - Jorge Martinez
- FCS-Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Beira Interior, Covilhã, Portugal.,CHCB-Centro Hospitalar Cova da Beira, Covilhã, Portugal
| | - Maria Assunção Vaz Patto
- CICS-UBI-Health Sciences Research Center, University of Beira Interior, Av. Infante D. Henrique, 6200-506, Covilhã, Portugal.,FCS-Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Beira Interior, Covilhã, Portugal.,ULSG-Unidade Local de Saúde, Guarda, Portugal
| | - Helena Silva
- CHTV-Centro Hospitalar Tondela-Viseu, Viseu, Portugal
| | - Fernando A Arosa
- CICS-UBI-Health Sciences Research Center, University of Beira Interior, Av. Infante D. Henrique, 6200-506, Covilhã, Portugal. .,FCS-Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Beira Interior, Covilhã, Portugal.
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7
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Affiliation(s)
- Elsa M Cardoso
- Health Sciences Research Centre (CICS-UBI), Faculty of Health Sciences (FCS-UBI), Universidade da Beira Interior , Covilhã , Portugal
| | - Fernando A Arosa
- Health Sciences Research Centre (CICS-UBI), Faculty of Health Sciences (FCS-UBI), Universidade da Beira Interior , Covilhã , Portugal
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8
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Abstract
Understanding the rationale for the generation of a pool of highly differentiated effector memory CD8+ T cells displaying a weakened capacity to scrutinize for peptides complexed with major histocompatibility class I molecules via their T cell receptor, lacking the “signal 2” CD28 receptor, and yet expressing a highly diverse array of innate receptors, from natural killer receptors, interleukin receptors, and damage-associated molecular pattern receptors, among others, is one of the most challenging issues in contemporary human immunology. The prevalence of these differentiated CD8+ T cells, also known as CD8+CD28−, CD8+KIR+, NK-like CD8+ T cells, or innate CD8+ T cells, in non-lymphoid organs and tissues, in peripheral blood of healthy elderly, namely centenarians, but also in stressful and chronic inflammatory conditions suggests that they are not merely end-of-the-line dysfunctional cells. These experienced CD8+ T cells are highly diverse and capable of sensing a variety of TCR-independent signals, which enables them to respond and fine-tune tissue homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fernando A Arosa
- Health Sciences Research Centre (CICS-UBI), Universidade da Beira Interior, Covilhã, Portugal; Faculty of Health Sciences (FCS-UBI), Universidade da Beira Interior, Covilhã, Portugal
| | - André J Esgalhado
- Health Sciences Research Centre (CICS-UBI), Universidade da Beira Interior , Covilhã , Portugal
| | - Carolina A Padrão
- Health Sciences Research Centre (CICS-UBI), Universidade da Beira Interior , Covilhã , Portugal
| | - Elsa M Cardoso
- Health Sciences Research Centre (CICS-UBI), Universidade da Beira Interior, Covilhã, Portugal; Faculty of Health Sciences (FCS-UBI), Universidade da Beira Interior, Covilhã, Portugal
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9
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Costa-Brito AR, Cardoso EM, Martinez J, Arosa FA. The JAK2V617F mutation is associated with anomalies in the frequency of monocytes, B cells, CD8+ T cells and NK cells. Blood Cells Mol Dis 2015; 55:208-10. [PMID: 26227846 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcmd.2015.06.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2015] [Revised: 06/17/2015] [Accepted: 06/18/2015] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ana R Costa-Brito
- CICS-UBI, Health Sciences Research Centre, University of Beira Interior, Av. Infante D. Henrique, 6201-506 Covilhã, Portugal
| | - Elsa M Cardoso
- CICS-UBI, Health Sciences Research Centre, University of Beira Interior, Av. Infante D. Henrique, 6201-506 Covilhã, Portugal; Department of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences (FCS-UBI), University of Beira Interior, Covilhã, Portugal
| | - Jorge Martinez
- Department of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences (FCS-UBI), University of Beira Interior, Covilhã, Portugal; Immunohemotherapy Service, Cova da Beira Hospital Centre (CHCB), Covilhã, Portugal
| | - Fernando A Arosa
- CICS-UBI, Health Sciences Research Centre, University of Beira Interior, Av. Infante D. Henrique, 6201-506 Covilhã, Portugal; Department of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences (FCS-UBI), University of Beira Interior, Covilhã, Portugal.
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10
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Correia MP, Costa AV, Uhrberg M, Cardoso EM, Arosa FA. IL-15 induces CD8+ T cells to acquire functional NK receptors capable of modulating cytotoxicity and cytokine secretion. Immunobiology 2010; 216:604-12. [PMID: 20956026 DOI: 10.1016/j.imbio.2010.09.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2010] [Revised: 09/15/2010] [Accepted: 09/20/2010] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
During the last years several authors have described a small population of CD8+ T cells expressing NK receptors (NKRs). Although their origin remains largely unknown, we have recently demonstrated that IL-15 is capable of inducing NKR expression in purified human CD8+CD56- T cells. In this study we show that IL-15-driven NKR induction in CD8+ T cells was linked with CD56 de novo acquisition, consistent with an effector-memory phenotype, increased anti-apoptotic levels, high granzyme B/perforin expression and with the ability of displaying in vitro NK-like cytotoxicity. Interestingly, dissection of NKR functional outcome in IL-15-cultured CD8+ T cells revealed: (i) that NKG2D cross-linking was able per se to upregulate degranulation levels and (ii) that KIR and NKG2A cross-linking upregulated secretion of cytokines such as IFN-γ, TNF-α, IL-1β and IL-10. These results suggest that IL-15 is capable of differentiating CD8+ T cells into NK-like T cells displaying a regulatory phenotype.
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Correia MP, Cardoso EM, Pereira CF, Neves R, Uhrberg M, Arosa FA. Hepatocytes and IL-15: a favorable microenvironment for T cell survival and CD8+ T cell differentiation. J Immunol 2009; 182:6149-59. [PMID: 19414768 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.0802470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Human intrahepatic lymphocytes are enriched in CD1d-unrestricted T cells coexpressing NKR. Although the origin of this population remains controversial, it is possible to speculate that the hepatic microenvironment, namely epithelial cells or the cytokine milieu, may play a role in its shaping. IL-15 is constitutively expressed in the liver and has a key role in activation and survival of innate and tissue-associated immune cells. In this in vitro study, we examined whether hepatocyte cell lines and/or IL-15 could play a role in the generation of NK-like T cells. The results show that both HepG2 cells and a human immortalized hepatocyte cell line increase survival and drive basal proliferation of T cells. In addition, IL-15 was capable of inducing Ag-independent up-regulation of NKR, including NKG2A, Ig-like receptors, and de novo expression of CD56 and NKp46 in CD8(+)CD56(-) T cells. In conclusion, our study suggests that hepatocytes and IL-15 create a favorable microenvironment for T cells to growth and survive. It can be proposed that the increased percentage of intrahepatic nonclassical NKT cells could be in part due to a local CD8(+) T cell differentiation.
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Muckenthaler MU, Rodrigues P, Macedo MG, Minana B, Brennan K, Cardoso EM, Hentze MW, de Sousa M. Molecular analysis of iron overload in beta2-microglobulin-deficient mice. Blood Cells Mol Dis 2005; 33:125-31. [PMID: 15315790 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcmd.2004.05.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2004] [Revised: 05/13/2004] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Beta2-microglobulin knockout (beta2m-/-) mice represent an instructive model of spontaneous iron overload resembling genetic hemochromatosis. The mechanism of iron accumulation in this mouse model may be more complex than involving the MHC class I-like protein HFE. We report that beta2m-deficient mice, like Hfe-/- mice, lack the adaptive hepatic hepcidin mRNA increase to iron overload. The inverse correlation of hepatic iron levels and hepcidin mRNA expression in six beta2m-/- mice underlines the importance of hepcidin in regulating body iron stores. In contrast to Hfe-/- mice, beta2m-deficient mice display increased expression of the duodenal iron transporters DMT1 and ferroportin 1. This result implicates a broader role of beta2m in mammalian iron metabolism, suggesting that (an) additional beta2m-interacting protein(s) could be involved in controlling iron homeostasis, and highlighting the emerging connection of iron metabolism with the immune system.
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Cabrita M, Pereira CF, Rodrigues P, Cardoso EM, Arosa FA. Altered expression of CD1d molecules and lipid accumulation in the human hepatoma cell line HepG2 after iron loading. FEBS J 2005; 272:152-65. [PMID: 15634340 DOI: 10.1111/j.1432-1033.2004.04387.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Iron overload in the liver may occur in clinical conditions such as hemochromatosis and nonalcoholic steatohepatitis, and may lead to the deterioration of the normal liver architecture by mechanisms not well understood. Although a relationship between the expression of ICAM-1, and classical major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class I molecules, and iron overload has been reported, no relationship has been identified between iron overload and the expression of unconventional MHC class I molecules. Herein, we report that parameters of iron metabolism were regulated in a coordinated-fashion in a human hepatoma cell line (HepG2 cells) after iron loading, leading to increased cellular oxidative stress and growth retardation. Iron loading of HepG2 cells resulted in increased expression of Nor3.2-reactive CD1d molecules at the plasma membrane. Expression of classical MHC class I and II molecules, ICAM-1 and the epithelial CD8 ligand, gp180 was not significantly affected by iron. Considering that intracellular lipids regulate expression of CD1d at the cell surface, we examined parameters of lipid metabolism in iron-loaded HepG2 cells. Interestingly, increased expression of CD1d molecules by iron-loaded HepG2 cells was associated with increased phosphatidylserine expression in the outer leaflet of the plasma membrane and the presence of many intracellular lipid droplets. These data describe a new relationship between iron loading, lipid accumulation and altered expression of CD1d, an unconventional MHC class I molecule reported to monitor intracellular and plasma membrane lipid metabolism, in the human hepatoma cell line HepG2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marisa Cabrita
- Institute for Molecular and Cell Biology, Porto, Portugal
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Cardoso EM, Macedo MG, Rohrlich P, Ribeiro E, Silva MT, Lemonnier FA, de Sousa M. Increased hepatic iron in mice lacking classical MHC class I molecules. Blood 2002; 100:4239-41. [PMID: 12393413 DOI: 10.1182/blood-2002-05-1565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Iron accumulation in the liver in hereditary hemochromatosis (HH) has been shown to be highly variable. Some studies point to the importance of major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class I (MHC-I) and CD8(+) cells as modifiers of iron overload. In this report, using mice knockout for H2K(b-/-) and H2D(b-/-) genes, it is demonstrated that lack of classical MHC-I molecules results in a spontaneous increase of nonheme iron content in the liver (mainly located in the hepatocytes) when compared to wild-type mice. In CD8(-/-) and Rag2(-/-) mice, no spontaneous hepatic iron accumulation was observed. These results demonstrate for the first time that classical MHC-I molecules could be involved in the regulation of iron metabolism and contribute to the established genotype/phenotype discrepancies seen in HH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elsa M Cardoso
- Molecular Immunology and Immunobiology, Institute for Molecular and Cell Biology, Paris, France
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Santoianni JE, De Paulis AN, Cardoso EM, Gonzalez BN, Predari SC. Assessment in the diagnosis of male chronic genital tract infection. Medicina (B Aires) 2001; 60:331-4. [PMID: 11050810] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Different methodologies have been proposed to interpret the microbiological findings associated with contaminating, indigenous microbiota of the anterior urethra. In order to solve the controversy related to the diagnosis of chronic seminal infections in asymptomatic young adults, the results applying Stamey and Meares' criteria were compared with those obtained when semen cultures were studied for significant bacteriospermia. A total of 218 consecutive asymptomatic male partners of infertile couples were evaluated by the four-specimen technique described by Stamey and Meares' with the addition of semen (SM). Infection was detected in 46% by SM, while semen cultures (SC) showed a prevalence of infection of 41%; 73 patients were positive by both criteria and 102 negative; 27 patients were positive by SM technique in prostate fluid while their semen cultures were negative; 16 patients had positive semen cultures and were considered negative by SM. The kappa statistic indicated a good degree of agreement between both methodologies (kappa = 0.61, z = 8.68, p < 0.001). The estimated risk of being considered negative attributable to the semen culture (27 patients) was 25% (attributable risk = gamma ac- = 0.2550), and of being considered positive attributable to the semen culture (16 patients) was 26% (gamma ac+ = 0.2579). The 95% confidence limits were estimated in 12 to 39%, and in 13 to 31%, respectively. In view of these results, to establish the diagnosis of chronic prostatitis, the addition of prostatic fluid or voided urine cultures after prostatic massage, must be performed. Semen culture confronted with first-voided urine avoid overestimating seminal infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- J E Santoianni
- Departamento de Microbiología, Instituto de Investigaciones Médicas Alfredo Lanari, Facultad de Medicina, Buenos Aires, Argentina
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Abstract
BACKGROUND Although most Caucasian patients with hereditary haemochromatosis (HH) show the same mutation in the HFE gene, the phenotypic expression of the disease varies greatly. We have previously shown that patients with HH who have high iron stores have low numbers of circulating CD8+ T lymphocytes. PATIENTS AND METHODS Liver and peripheral blood were studied in 37 C282Y homozygous HH patients; nine normal livers and 11 livers from patients with cirrhosis due to hepatitis C virus or alcoholic liver disease were also investigated. Eleven jejunal biopsies from HH patients and 17 normal biopsies were studied. The numbers of CD8+ cells were determined in peripheral blood by fluorescence-activated cell sorting analysis, and in the liver or small intestine by immunohistochemistry. RESULTS In HH patients the number of CD8+ T lymphocytes in peripheral blood correlated significantly with the number of CD8+ cells in the liver lobuli but not with that in the small intestine. Body iron stores correlated negatively with the number of CD8+ T lymphocytes in peripheral blood and in the liver, but not with the number in the small intestine. HH patients with cirrhosis had the lowest CD8+ cell count in liver sections, in contrast with other forms of cirrhosis. CONCLUSION The results indicate that HH patients with the HFE C282Y mutation and low numbers of CD8+ cells in the liver lobuli have higher iron stores and are more prone to develop liver cirrhosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- E M Cardoso
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Karolinska Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
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Cardoso EM, Santoianni JE, De Paulis AN, Andrada JA, Predari SC, Arregger AL. Improvement of semen quality in infected asymptomatic infertile male after bacteriological cure. Medicina (B Aires) 1998; 58:160-4. [PMID: 9706249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Bacteriological etiology was investigated in 29 infected asymptomatic infertile males. The localization of the infection and the effect of a long term antibiotic therapy on semen parameters were evaluated. The most frequent etiological agent isolated was Enterococcus faecalis. Positive bacteriological culture was obtained in prostatic fluid in 16 patients and in semen in 13. Bacteriological cure was achieved in 24 cases and it was associated with improved seminal parameters: sperm concentration, viability and total motile sperm per ejaculate. In 5 patients without bacteriological cure there was no change in semen analysis after antibiotic therapy. In 45% of the infected patients there were less than 0.5 x 10(6)/ml seminal polymorphonuclear leukocytes. In view of these findings granulocyte concentration seems to be a poor marker to predict infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- E M Cardoso
- Departmento de Endocrinologia, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Argentina
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Abstract
OBJECTIVE To determine the frequency of mutations (C282Y and H63D) in a newly identified gene HFE in patients with hereditary haemochromatosis (HH) in Sweden. DESIGN Molecular genetic analyses of the HFE gene (polymerase chain reaction (PCR) followed by enzyme restriction) were performed in genomic DNA from unrelated patients with a clinical diagnosis of HH and in healthy subjects. SETTINGS Patients with HH treated with phlebotomies at Karolinska Hospital and Huddinge Hospital were analyzed. SUBJECTS Eighty-seven unrelated patients with HH and 117 healthy controls. RESULTS It was found that the HFE C282Y mutation occurs in 94.2% of chromosomes from patients with HH. Eighty patients (92.0%) were homozygous for the C282Y mutation and one was heterozygous. Three patients were heterozygous for both C282Y and H63D mutations. One patient was homozygous and one was heterozygous for the H63D mutation. One patient carried normal alleles. In healthy controls, the C282Y mutation occurred in nine subjects (7.7%), all of which were heterozygous. The H63D mutation was found in 28 control subjects, one of which was homozygous. CONCLUSIONS We found that the majority of patients with HH have the C282Y mutation in the HFE gene. The frequency of the H63D mutation was higher in controls than in patients with HH, although in chromosomes at risk the frequency of the H63D mutation was higher in patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- E M Cardoso
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Karolinska Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
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Affiliation(s)
- M R Sampaio
- Infectious Diseases Clinics of the Federal University of São Paulo, Brazil
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