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Verweij FJ, Bebelman MP, George AE, Couty M, Bécot A, Palmulli R, Heiligenstein X, Sirés-Campos J, Raposo G, Pegtel DM, van Niel G. ER membrane contact sites support endosomal small GTPase conversion for exosome secretion. J Cell Biol 2022; 221:213494. [PMID: 36136097 PMCID: PMC9507465 DOI: 10.1083/jcb.202112032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2021] [Revised: 08/11/2022] [Accepted: 09/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Exosomes are endosome-derived extracellular vesicles involved in intercellular communication. They are generated as intraluminal vesicles within endosomal compartments that fuse with the plasma membrane (PM). The molecular events that generate secretory endosomes and lead to the release of exosomes are not well understood. We identified a subclass of non-proteolytic endosomes at prelysosomal stage as the compartment of origin of CD63 positive exosomes. These compartments undergo a Rab7a/Arl8b/Rab27a GTPase cascade to fuse with the PM. Dynamic endoplasmic reticulum (ER)-late endosome (LE) membrane contact sites (MCS) through ORP1L have the distinct capacity to modulate this process by affecting LE motility, maturation state, and small GTPase association. Thus, exosome secretion is a multi-step process regulated by GTPase switching and MCS, highlighting the ER as a new player in exosome-mediated intercellular communication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frederik J. Verweij
- Institute for Psychiatry and Neurosciences of Paris, Hopital Saint-Anne, Université de Paris, Institut national de la santé et de la recherche médicale, U1266, Paris, France
- Department of Cell Biology, Neurobiology and Biophysics, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
- Centre for Living Technologies, Alliance Eindhoven University of Technology, Wageningen University & Research, Utrecht University, University Medical Center Utrecht, The Netherlands
- Correspondence to Frederik J. Verweij:
| | - Maarten P. Bebelman
- Institute for Psychiatry and Neurosciences of Paris, Hopital Saint-Anne, Université de Paris, Institut national de la santé et de la recherche médicale, U1266, Paris, France
- Department of Pathology, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Division of Medicinal Chemistry, Amsterdam Institute for Molecules Medicines and Systems, VU University, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Anna E. George
- Department of Cell Biology, Neurobiology and Biophysics, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
- Centre for Living Technologies, Alliance Eindhoven University of Technology, Wageningen University & Research, Utrecht University, University Medical Center Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Mickael Couty
- Institute for Psychiatry and Neurosciences of Paris, Hopital Saint-Anne, Université de Paris, Institut national de la santé et de la recherche médicale, U1266, Paris, France
| | - Anaïs Bécot
- Institute for Psychiatry and Neurosciences of Paris, Hopital Saint-Anne, Université de Paris, Institut national de la santé et de la recherche médicale, U1266, Paris, France
| | - Roberta Palmulli
- Institute for Psychiatry and Neurosciences of Paris, Hopital Saint-Anne, Université de Paris, Institut national de la santé et de la recherche médicale, U1266, Paris, France
| | - Xavier Heiligenstein
- Institut Curie, Paris Sciences & Lettres Research University, CNRS, UMR144, Paris, France
| | - Julia Sirés-Campos
- Institut Curie, Paris Sciences & Lettres Research University, CNRS, UMR144, Paris, France
| | - Graça Raposo
- Institut Curie, Paris Sciences & Lettres Research University, CNRS, UMR144, Paris, France
| | - Dirk Michiel Pegtel
- Department of Pathology, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Dirk Michiel Pegtel:
| | - Guillaume van Niel
- Institute for Psychiatry and Neurosciences of Paris, Hopital Saint-Anne, Université de Paris, Institut national de la santé et de la recherche médicale, U1266, Paris, France
- Groupe Hospitalier Universitaire Paris Psychiatrie et Neurosciences, Hôpital Sainte Anne, Paris, France
- Guillaume van Niel:
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Overlapping Machinery in Lysosome-Related Organelle Trafficking: A Lesson from Rare Multisystem Disorders. Cells 2022; 11:cells11223702. [PMID: 36429129 PMCID: PMC9688865 DOI: 10.3390/cells11223702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2022] [Revised: 11/08/2022] [Accepted: 11/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Lysosome-related organelles (LROs) are a group of functionally diverse, cell type-specific compartments. LROs include melanosomes, alpha and dense granules, lytic granules, lamellar bodies and other compartments with distinct morphologies and functions allowing specialised and unique functions of their host cells. The formation, maturation and secretion of specific LROs are compromised in a number of hereditary rare multisystem disorders, including Hermansky-Pudlak syndromes, Griscelli syndrome and the Arthrogryposis, Renal dysfunction and Cholestasis syndrome. Each of these disorders impacts the function of several LROs, resulting in a variety of clinical features affecting systems such as immunity, neurophysiology and pigmentation. This has demonstrated the close relationship between LROs and led to the identification of conserved components required for LRO biogenesis and function. Here, we discuss aspects of this conserved machinery among LROs in relation to the heritable multisystem disorders they associate with, and present our current understanding of how dysfunctions in the proteins affected in the disease impact the formation, motility and ultimate secretion of LROs. Moreover, we have analysed the expression of the members of the CHEVI complex affected in Arthrogryposis, Renal dysfunction and Cholestasis syndrome, in different cell types, by collecting single cell RNA expression data from the human protein atlas. We propose a hypothesis describing how transcriptional regulation could constitute a mechanism that regulates the pleiotropic functions of proteins and their interacting partners in different LROs.
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Nakanishi-Matsui M, Matsumoto N. V-ATPase a3 Subunit in Secretory Lysosome Trafficking in Osteoclasts. Biol Pharm Bull 2022; 45:1426-1431. [PMID: 36184499 DOI: 10.1248/bpb.b22-00371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Vacuolar-type ATPase (V-ATPase) shares its structure and rotational catalysis with F-type ATPase (F-ATPase, ATP synthase). However, unlike subunits of F-ATPase, those of V-ATPase have tissue- and/or organelle-specific isoforms. Structural diversity of V-ATPase generated by different combinations of subunit isoforms enables it to play diverse physiological roles in mammalian cells. Among these various roles, this review focuses on the functions of lysosome-specific V-ATPase in bone resorption by osteoclasts. Lysosomes remain in the cytoplasm in most cell types, but in osteoclasts, secretory lysosomes move toward and fuse with the plasma membrane to secrete lysosomal enzymes, which is essential for bone resorption. Through this process, lysosomal V-ATPase harboring the a3 isoform of the a subunit is relocated to the plasma membrane, where it transports protons from the cytosol to the cell exterior to generate the acidic extracellular conditions required for secreted lysosomal enzymes. In addition to this role as a proton pump, we recently found that the lysosomal a3 subunit of V-ATPase is essential for anterograde trafficking of secretory lysosomes. Specifically, a3 interacts with Rab7, a member of the Rab guanosine 5'-triphosphatase (GTPase) family that regulates organelle trafficking, and recruits it to the lysosomal membrane. These findings revealed the multifunctionality of lysosomal V-ATPase in osteoclasts; V-ATPase is responsible not only for the formation of the acidic environment by transporting protons, but also for intracellular trafficking of secretory lysosomes by recruiting organelle trafficking factors. Herein, we summarize the molecular mechanism underlying secretory lysosome trafficking in osteoclasts, and discuss the possible regulatory role of V-ATPase in organelle trafficking.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Naomi Matsumoto
- Division of Biochemistry, School of Pharmacy, Iwate Medical University
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Escrevente C, Bento-Lopes L, Ramalho JS, Barral DC. Rab11 is required for lysosome exocytosis through the interaction with Rab3a, Sec15 and GRAB. J Cell Sci 2021; 134:jcs246694. [PMID: 34100549 PMCID: PMC8214760 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.246694] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2020] [Accepted: 04/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Lysosomes are dynamic organelles, capable of undergoing exocytosis. This process is crucial for several cellular functions, namely plasma membrane repair. Nevertheless, the molecular machinery involved in this process is poorly understood. Here, we identify Rab11a and Rab11b as regulators of Ca2+-induced lysosome exocytosis. Interestingly, Rab11-positive vesicles transiently interact with lysosomes at the cell periphery, indicating that this interaction is required for the last steps of lysosome exocytosis. Additionally, we found that the silencing of the exocyst subunit Sec15, a Rab11 effector, impairs lysosome exocytosis, suggesting that Sec15 acts together with Rab11 in the regulation of lysosome exocytosis. Furthermore, we show that Rab11 binds the guanine nucleotide exchange factor for Rab3a (GRAB) as well as Rab3a, which we have previously described to be a regulator of the positioning and exocytosis of lysosomes. Thus, our study identifies new players required for lysosome exocytosis and suggest the existence of a Rab11-Rab3a cascade involved in this process.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Duarte C. Barral
- iNOVA4Health, CEDOC, NOVA Medical School, NMS, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, 1169-056 Lisboa, Portugal
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5
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Fu R, Edman MC, Hamm-Alvarez SF. Rab27a Contributes to Cathepsin S Secretion in Lacrimal Gland Acinar Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:1630. [PMID: 33562815 PMCID: PMC7914720 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22041630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2021] [Revised: 01/30/2021] [Accepted: 02/02/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Altered lacrimal gland (LG) secretion is a feature of autoimmune dacryoadenitis in Sjögren's syndrome (SS). Cathepsin S (CTSS) is increased in tears of SS patients, which may contribute to disease. Rab3D and Rab27a/b isoforms are effectors of exocytosis in LG, but Rab27a is poorly studied. To investigate whether Rab27a mediates CTSS secretion, we utilized quantitative confocal fluorescence microscopy of LG from SS-model male NOD and control male BALB/c mice, showing that Rab27a-enriched vesicles containing CTSS were increased in NOD mouse LG. Live-cell imaging of cultured lacrimal gland acinar cells (LGAC) transduced with adenovirus encoding wild-type (WT) mCFP-Rab27a revealed carbachol-stimulated fusion and depletion of mCFP-Rab27a-enriched vesicles. LGAC transduced with dominant-negative (DN) mCFP-Rab27a exhibited significantly reduced carbachol-stimulated CTSS secretion by 0.5-fold and β-hexosaminidase by 0.3-fold, relative to stimulated LGAC transduced with WT mCFP-Rab27a. Colocalization of Rab27a and endolysosomal markers (Rab7, Lamp2) with the apical membrane was increased in both stimulated BALB/c and NOD mouse LG, but the extent of colocalization was much greater in NOD mouse LG. Following stimulation, Rab27a colocalization with endolysosomal membranes was decreased. In conclusion, Rab27a participates in CTSS secretion in LGAC though the major regulated pathway, and through a novel endolysosomal pathway that is increased in SS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Runzhong Fu
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA;
- Department of Ophthalmology, Roski Eye Institute, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA;
| | - Maria C. Edman
- Department of Ophthalmology, Roski Eye Institute, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA;
| | - Sarah F. Hamm-Alvarez
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA;
- Department of Ophthalmology, Roski Eye Institute, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA;
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6
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Ye Y. Regulation of protein homeostasis by unconventional protein secretion in mammalian cells. Semin Cell Dev Biol 2018; 83:29-35. [PMID: 29549062 PMCID: PMC6151168 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcdb.2018.03.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2017] [Revised: 03/01/2018] [Accepted: 03/09/2018] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
Secretion of proteins lacking leader sequence was deemed rare and unconventional, only accountable for the export of a limited number of clients by mechanisms that are poorly defined. However, recent studies have shown that many leaderless proteins misfolded in the cytoplasm can be selectively exported to extracellular milieu via an unconventional secretory path termed Misfolding-Associated Protein Secretion (MAPS). This process uses the surface of the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) as a platform to enrich abnormally folded polypeptides, and then transport them into the lumen of ER-associated late endosomes for subsequent secretion. Elimination of misfolded proteins via MAPS appears to serve a role in protein homeostasis maintenance, particularly for stressed cells bearing an excess of protein quality control (PQC) burden.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yihong Ye
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA.
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7
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Lesteberg K, Orange J, Makedonas G. Recycling endosomes in human cytotoxic T lymphocytes constitute an auxiliary intracellular trafficking pathway for newly synthesized perforin. Immunol Res 2018; 65:1031-1045. [PMID: 28822075 DOI: 10.1007/s12026-017-8945-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Although cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs) store perforin within cytoplasmic secretory granules for immediate use, perforin is synthesized anew within hours of TCR stimulation. Previously, we observed new perforin protein at an immunologic synapse independent of secretory lysosomes; herein, we aimed to determine how new perforin transits to the synapse if not via lytic granules. We analyzed antigen-specific human CTLs via imaging flow cytometry and high-resolution confocal microscopy, with attention to intracellular trafficking components and new perforin. The recycling endosome compartments identified by rab8, rab11a, rab4, and rab37 co-localized with new perforin, as well as the SNAREs vti1b and VAMP4. After ablating the function of the recycling endosome pathway, we observed a relative accumulation of new perforin in rab8 vesicles. The recycling endosome pathway may serve as an auxiliary intracellular route for the delivery of new perforin to an immunologic synapse in order to perpetuate a cytotoxic response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kelsey Lesteberg
- Center for Human Immunobiology, Texas Children's Hospital & Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA.,Graduate Program in Immunology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Jordan Orange
- Center for Human Immunobiology, Texas Children's Hospital & Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA.,Graduate Program in Immunology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - George Makedonas
- Center for Human Immunobiology, Texas Children's Hospital & Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA. .,Graduate Program in Immunology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA.
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8
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Tang BL. Unconventional Secretion and Intercellular Transfer of Mutant Huntingtin. Cells 2018; 7:cells7060059. [PMID: 29904030 PMCID: PMC6025013 DOI: 10.3390/cells7060059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2018] [Revised: 06/08/2018] [Accepted: 06/12/2018] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
The mechanism of intercellular transmission of pathological agents in neurodegenerative diseases has received much recent attention. Huntington’s disease (HD) is caused by a monogenic mutation in the gene encoding Huntingtin (HTT). Mutant HTT (mHTT) harbors a CAG repeat extension which encodes an abnormally long polyglutamine (polyQ) repeat at HTT’s N-terminus. Neuronal pathology in HD is largely due to the toxic gain-of-function by mHTT and its proteolytic products, which forms both nuclear and cytoplasmic aggregates that perturb nuclear gene transcription, RNA splicing and transport as well cellular membrane dynamics. The neuropathological effects of mHTT have been conventionally thought to be cell-autonomous in nature. Recent findings have, however, indicated that mHTT could be secreted by neurons, or transmitted from one neuronal cell to another via different modes of unconventional secretion, as well as via tunneling nanotubes (TNTs). These modes of transmission allow the intercellular spread of mHTT and its aggregates, thus plausibly promoting neuropathology within proximal neuronal populations and between neurons that are connected within neural circuits. Here, the various possible modes for mHTT’s neuronal cell exit and intercellular transmission are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bor Luen Tang
- Department of Biochemistry, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, 117597 Singapore, Singapore.
- NUS Graduate School for Integrative Sciences and Engineering, 117456 Singapore, Singapore.
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9
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Matsumoto N, Sekiya M, Tohyama K, Ishiyama-Matsuura E, Sun-Wada GH, Wada Y, Futai M, Nakanishi-Matsui M. Essential Role of the a3 Isoform of V-ATPase in Secretory Lysosome Trafficking via Rab7 Recruitment. Sci Rep 2018; 8:6701. [PMID: 29712939 PMCID: PMC5928161 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-24918-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2017] [Accepted: 04/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Secretory lysosomes are required for the specialised functions of various types of differentiated cells. In osteoclasts, the lysosomal proton pump V-ATPase (vacuolar-type ATPase) is targeted to the plasma membrane via secretory lysosomes and subsequently acidifies the extracellular compartment, providing optimal conditions for bone resorption. However, little is known about the mechanism underlying this trafficking of secretory lysosomes. Here, we demonstrate that the lysosome-specific a3 isoform of the V-ATPase a subunit plays an indispensable role in secretory lysosome trafficking, together with Rab7, a small GTPase involved in organelle trafficking. In osteoclasts lacking a3, lysosomes were not transported to the cell periphery, and Rab7 was not localised to lysosomes but diffused throughout the cytoplasm. Expression of dominant-negative (GDP-bound form) Rab7 inhibited lysosome trafficking in wild-type cells. Furthermore, a3 directly interacted with the GDP-bound forms of Rab7 and Rab27A. These findings reveal a novel role for the proton pump V-ATPase in secretory lysosome trafficking and an unexpected mechanistic link with Rab GTPases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naomi Matsumoto
- Division of Biochemistry, School of Pharmacy, Iwate Medical University, Yahaba, Iwate, 028-3694, Japan
| | - Mizuki Sekiya
- Division of Biochemistry, School of Pharmacy, Iwate Medical University, Yahaba, Iwate, 028-3694, Japan
| | - Koujiro Tohyama
- The Center for Electron Microscopy and Bio-Imaging Research, Iwate Medical University, Yahaba, Iwate, 028-3694, Japan.,Department of Physiology, School of Dentistry, Iwate Medical University, Yahaba, Iwate, 028-3694, Japan
| | - Eri Ishiyama-Matsuura
- The Center for Electron Microscopy and Bio-Imaging Research, Iwate Medical University, Yahaba, Iwate, 028-3694, Japan
| | - Ge-Hong Sun-Wada
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Doshisha Women's College, Kyotanabe, Kyoto, 610-0395, Japan
| | - Yoh Wada
- Division of Biological Sciences, Institute of Scientific and Industrial Research, Osaka University, Ibaraki, Osaka, 567-0047, Japan
| | - Masamitsu Futai
- Division of Biochemistry, School of Pharmacy, Iwate Medical University, Yahaba, Iwate, 028-3694, Japan
| | - Mayumi Nakanishi-Matsui
- Division of Biochemistry, School of Pharmacy, Iwate Medical University, Yahaba, Iwate, 028-3694, Japan.
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Niere F, Raab-Graham KF. mTORC1 Is a Local, Postsynaptic Voltage Sensor Regulated by Positive and Negative Feedback Pathways. Front Cell Neurosci 2017; 11:152. [PMID: 28611595 PMCID: PMC5447718 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2017.00152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2017] [Accepted: 05/09/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The mammalian/mechanistic target of rapamycin complex 1 (mTORC1) serves as a regulator of mRNA translation. Recent studies suggest that mTORC1 may also serve as a local, voltage sensor in the postsynaptic region of neurons. Considering biochemical, bioinformatics and imaging data, we hypothesize that the activity state of mTORC1 dynamically regulates local membrane potential by promoting and repressing protein synthesis of select mRNAs. Our hypothesis suggests that mTORC1 uses positive and negative feedback pathways, in a branch-specific manner, to maintain neuronal excitability within an optimal range. In some dendritic branches, mTORC1 activity oscillates between the "On" and "Off" states. We define this as negative feedback. In contrast, positive feedback is defined as the pathway that leads to a prolonged depolarized or hyperpolarized resting membrane potential, whereby mTORC1 activity is constitutively on or off, respectively. We propose that inactivation of mTORC1 increases the expression of voltage-gated potassium alpha (Kv1.1 and 1.2) and beta (Kvβ2) subunits, ensuring that the membrane resets to its resting membrane potential after experiencing increased synaptic activity. In turn, reduced mTORC1 activity increases the protein expression of syntaxin-1A and promotes the surface expression of the ionotropic glutamate receptor N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA)-type subunit 1 (GluN1) that facilitates increased calcium entry to turn mTORC1 back on. Under conditions such as learning and memory, mTORC1 activity is required to be high for longer periods of time. Thus, the arm of the pathway that promotes syntaxin-1A and Kv1 protein synthesis will be repressed. Moreover, dendritic branches that have low mTORC1 activity with increased Kv expression would balance dendrites with constitutively high mTORC1 activity, allowing for the neuron to maintain its overall activity level within an ideal operating range. Finally, such a model suggests that recruitment of more positive feedback dendritic branches within a neuron is likely to lead to neurodegenerative disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farr Niere
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Wake Forest School of MedicineWinston-Salem, NC, United States
| | - Kimberly F. Raab-Graham
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Wake Forest School of MedicineWinston-Salem, NC, United States
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11
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Minamino N, Kanazawa T, Nishihama R, Yamato KT, Ishizaki K, Kohchi T, Nakano A, Ueda T. Dynamic reorganization of the endomembrane system during spermatogenesis in Marchantia polymorpha. JOURNAL OF PLANT RESEARCH 2017; 130:433-441. [PMID: 28160149 DOI: 10.1007/s10265-017-0909-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2016] [Accepted: 12/29/2016] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
The processes involved in sexual reproduction have been diversified during plant evolution. Whereas charales, bryophytes, pteridophytes, and some gymnosperms utilize motile sperm as male gametes, in other gymnosperms and angiosperms the immotile sperm cells are delivered to the egg cells through elongated pollen tubes. During formation of the motile sperms, cells undergo a dynamic morphological transformation including drastic changes in shape and the generation of locomotor architecture. The molecular mechanism involved in this process remains mostly unknown. Membrane trafficking fulfills the exchange of various proteins and lipids among single membrane-bound organelles in eukaryotic cells, contributing to various biological functions. RAB GTPases and SNARE proteins are evolutionarily conserved key machineries of membrane trafficking mechanisms, which regulate tethering and fusion of the transport vesicles to target membranes. Our observation of fluorescently tagged plasma membrane-resident SNARE proteins demonstrated that these proteins relocalize to spherical structures during the late stages in spermiogenesis. Similar changes in subcellular localization were also observed for other fluorescently tagged SNARE proteins and a RAB GTPase, which acts on other organelles including the Golgi apparatus and endosomes. Notably, a vacuolar SNARE, MpVAMP71, was localized on the membrane of the spherical structures. Electron microscopic analysis revealed that there are many degradation-related structures such as multi-vesicular bodies, autophagosomes, and autophagic bodies containing organelles. Our results indicate that the cell-autonomous degradation pathway plays a crucial role in the removal of membrane components and the cytoplasm during spermiogenesis of Marchantia polymorpha. This process differs substantially from mammalian spermatogenesis in which phagocytic removal of excess cytoplasm involves neighboring cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naoki Minamino
- Department of Biological Sciences, Graduate School of Science, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-0033, Japan
- Division of Cellular Dynamics, National Institute for Basic Biology, Nishigonaka 38, Myodaiji, Okazaki, Aichi, 444-8585, Japan
| | - Takehiko Kanazawa
- Department of Biological Sciences, Graduate School of Science, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-0033, Japan
- Division of Cellular Dynamics, National Institute for Basic Biology, Nishigonaka 38, Myodaiji, Okazaki, Aichi, 444-8585, Japan
| | - Ryuichi Nishihama
- Graduate School of Biostudies, Kyoto University, Kitashirakawa-oiwake-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 606-8502, Japan
| | - Katsuyuki T Yamato
- Faculty of Biology-Oriented Science and Technology, Kindai University, Nishimitani, Kinokawa, Wakayama, 649-6493, Japan
| | - Kimitsune Ishizaki
- Graduate School of Science, Kobe University, 1-1 Rokkodai, Nada-ku, Kobe, 657-8501, Japan
| | - Takayuki Kohchi
- Graduate School of Biostudies, Kyoto University, Kitashirakawa-oiwake-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 606-8502, Japan
| | - Akihiko Nakano
- Department of Biological Sciences, Graduate School of Science, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-0033, Japan
- Live Cell Super-Resolution Imaging Research Team, RIKEN Center for Advanced Photonics, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama, 351-0198, Japan
| | - Takashi Ueda
- Division of Cellular Dynamics, National Institute for Basic Biology, Nishigonaka 38, Myodaiji, Okazaki, Aichi, 444-8585, Japan.
- Japan Science and Technology Agency (JST), PRESTO, 4-1-8 Honcho Kawaguchi, Saitama, 332-0012, Japan.
- Department of Basic Biology, SOKENDAI (Graduate University for Advanced Studies), Okazaki, Aichi, 444-8585, Japan.
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12
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Woo SS, James DJ, Martin TFJ. Munc13-4 functions as a Ca 2+ sensor for homotypic secretory granule fusion to generate endosomal exocytic vacuoles. Mol Biol Cell 2017; 28:792-808. [PMID: 28100639 PMCID: PMC5349786 DOI: 10.1091/mbc.e16-08-0617] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2016] [Revised: 01/06/2017] [Accepted: 01/11/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Munc13-4 is a Ca2+-dependent SNARE (soluble N-ethylmaleimide-sensitive factor attachment protein receptor)- and phospholipid-binding protein that localizes to and primes secretory granules (SGs) for Ca2+-evoked secretion in various secretory cells. Studies in mast cell-like RBL-2H3 cells provide direct evidence that Munc13-4 with its two Ca2+-binding C2 domains functions as a Ca2+ sensor for SG exocytosis. Unexpectedly, Ca2+ stimulation also generated large (>2.4 μm in diameter) Munc13-4+/Rab7+/Rab11+ endosomal vacuoles. Vacuole generation involved the homotypic fusion of Munc13-4+/Rab7+ SGs, followed by a merge with Rab11+ endosomes, and depended on Ca2+ binding to Munc13-4. Munc13-4 promoted the Ca2+-stimulated fusion of VAMP8-containing liposomes with liposomes containing exocytic or endosomal Q-SNAREs and directly interacted with late endosomal SNARE complexes. Thus Munc13-4 is a tethering/priming factor and Ca2+ sensor for both heterotypic SG-plasma membrane and homotypic SG-SG fusion. Total internal reflection fluorescence microscopy imaging revealed that vacuoles were exocytic and mediated secretion of β-hexosaminidase and cytokines accompanied by Munc13-4 diffusion onto the plasma membrane. The results provide new molecular insights into the mechanism of multigranular compound exocytosis commonly observed in various secretory cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sang Su Woo
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706
| | - Declan J James
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706
| | - Thomas F J Martin
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706
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Chang HF, Bzeih H, Chitirala P, Ravichandran K, Sleiman M, Krause E, Hahn U, Pattu V, Rettig J. Preparing the lethal hit: interplay between exo- and endocytic pathways in cytotoxic T lymphocytes. Cell Mol Life Sci 2016; 74:399-408. [PMID: 27585956 PMCID: PMC5241346 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-016-2350-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2016] [Revised: 08/08/2016] [Accepted: 08/29/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Cytotoxic T lymphocytes patrol our body in search for infected cells which they kill through the release of cytotoxic substances contained in cytotoxic granules. The fusion of cytotoxic granules occurs at a specially formed contact site, the immunological synapse, and is tightly controlled to ensure specificity. In this review, we discuss the contribution of two intracellular compartments, endosomes and cytotoxic granules, to the formation, function and disassembly of the immunological synapse. We highlight a recently proposed sequential process of fusion events at the IS upon target cell recognition. First, recycling endosomes fuse with the plasma membrane to deliver cargo required for the docking of cytotoxic granules. Second, cytotoxic granules arrive and fuse upon docking in a SNARE-dependent manner. Following fusion, membrane components of the cytotoxic granule are retrieved through endocytosis to ensure the fast, efficient serial killing of target cells that is characteristic of cytotoxic T lymphocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hsin-Fang Chang
- Cellular Neurophysiology, Center for Integrative Physiology and Molecular Medicine, Saarland University, 66421, Homburg, Germany
| | - Hawraa Bzeih
- Cellular Neurophysiology, Center for Integrative Physiology and Molecular Medicine, Saarland University, 66421, Homburg, Germany
| | - Praneeth Chitirala
- Cellular Neurophysiology, Center for Integrative Physiology and Molecular Medicine, Saarland University, 66421, Homburg, Germany
| | - Keerthana Ravichandran
- Cellular Neurophysiology, Center for Integrative Physiology and Molecular Medicine, Saarland University, 66421, Homburg, Germany
| | - Marwa Sleiman
- Cellular Neurophysiology, Center for Integrative Physiology and Molecular Medicine, Saarland University, 66421, Homburg, Germany
| | - Elmar Krause
- Cellular Neurophysiology, Center for Integrative Physiology and Molecular Medicine, Saarland University, 66421, Homburg, Germany
| | - Ulrike Hahn
- Cellular Neurophysiology, Center for Integrative Physiology and Molecular Medicine, Saarland University, 66421, Homburg, Germany
| | - Varsha Pattu
- Cellular Neurophysiology, Center for Integrative Physiology and Molecular Medicine, Saarland University, 66421, Homburg, Germany
| | - Jens Rettig
- Cellular Neurophysiology, Center for Integrative Physiology and Molecular Medicine, Saarland University, 66421, Homburg, Germany.
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Transcriptional changes of mouse splenocyte organelle components following acute infection with Toxoplasma gondii. Exp Parasitol 2016; 167:7-16. [PMID: 27132051 DOI: 10.1016/j.exppara.2016.04.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2016] [Revised: 04/24/2016] [Accepted: 04/26/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Toxoplasmosis is a globally spread zoonosis. The pathogen Toxoplasma gondii can hijack cellular organelles of host for replication. Although a number of important cellular life events are controlled by cell organelles, very little is known of the transcriptional changes of host cellular organelles after infection with T. gondii. Herein, we performed RNA-sequencing (RNA-seq) and bioinformatics analyses to study the global organelle component changes. It was found that many transcripts of the mouse spleen cellular organelle components were altered by acute T. gondii infection with the RH strain (Type I). Most differentially expressed transcripts of mitochondrial components were downregulated, especially those involved in biosynthetic and metabolic processes. Moreover, mitochondria based apoptosis process was downregulated. In terms of cytoskeleton, most differentially expressed transcript of cytoskeleton components were also downregulated, including septin cytoskeleton, cytoskeleton organization, centrosome and myosin. For endolysosomal system, ion transporters were downregulated at mRNA level, whereas the cytolytic components were increased, such as granzymes, Rab27a and perforin1 (Prf1). The main transcripts of Golgi apparatus components involved in sialylation or vesicle-mediated transportation were downregulated, while immune related components were upregulated. For endoplasmic reticulum (ER), posttranslational modification, drug metabolism and material transportation related transcripts were downregulated. In addition, T. gondii antigen cross-presentation by MHC-I complex could be downregulated by the downregulation of CD76 and ubiquitination related transcripts. The present study, for the first time, described the transcriptional changes of the mouse spleen cellular organelles following acute T. gondii infection, which provides a foundation to study the interaction between T. gondii and host cells at the sub-cellular level.
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Gil-Krzewska A, Wood SM, Murakami Y, Nguyen V, Chiang SCC, Cullinane AR, Peruzzi G, Gahl WA, Coligan JE, Introne WJ, Bryceson YT, Krzewski K. Chediak-Higashi syndrome: Lysosomal trafficking regulator domains regulate exocytosis of lytic granules but not cytokine secretion by natural killer cells. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2015; 137:1165-1177. [PMID: 26478006 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2015.08.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2015] [Revised: 07/27/2015] [Accepted: 08/24/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mutations in lysosomal trafficking regulator (LYST) cause Chediak-Higashi syndrome (CHS), a rare immunodeficiency with impaired cytotoxic lymphocyte function, mainly that of natural killer (NK) cells. Our understanding of NK cell function deficiency in patients with CHS and how LYST regulates lytic granule exocytosis is very limited. OBJECTIVE We sought to delineate cellular defects associated with LYST mutations responsible for the impaired NK cell function seen in patients with CHS. METHODS We analyzed NK cells from patients with CHS with missense mutations in the LYST ARM/HEAT (armadillo/huntingtin, elongation factor 3, protein phosphatase 2A, and the yeast kinase TOR1) or BEACH (beige and Chediak-Higashi) domains. RESULTS NK cells from patients with CHS displayed severely reduced cytotoxicity. Mutations in the ARM/HEAT domain led to a reduced number of perforin-containing granules, which were significantly increased in size but able to polarize to the immunologic synapse; however, they were unable to properly fuse with the plasma membrane. Mutations in the BEACH domain resulted in formation of normal or slightly enlarged granules that had markedly impaired polarization to the IS but could be exocytosed on reaching the immunologic synapse. Perforin-containing granules in NK cells from patients with CHS did not acquire certain lysosomal markers (lysosome-associated membrane protein 1/2) but were positive for markers of transport vesicles (cation-independent mannose 6-phosphate receptor), late endosomes (Ras-associated binding protein 27a), and, to some extent, early endosomes (early endosome antigen 1), indicating a lack of integrity in the endolysosomal compartments. NK cells from patients with CHS had normal cytokine compartments and cytokine secretion. CONCLUSION LYST is involved in regulation of multiple aspects of NK cell lytic activity, ranging from governance of lytic granule size to control of their polarization and exocytosis, as well as regulation of endolysosomal compartment identity. LYST functions in the regulated exocytosis but not in the constitutive secretion pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aleksandra Gil-Krzewska
- Receptor Cell Biology Section, Laboratory of Immunogenetics, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, Md
| | - Stephanie M Wood
- Center for Infectious Medicine, Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital Huddinge, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Yousuke Murakami
- Receptor Cell Biology Section, Laboratory of Immunogenetics, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, Md
| | - Victoria Nguyen
- Receptor Cell Biology Section, Laboratory of Immunogenetics, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, Md
| | - Samuel C C Chiang
- Center for Infectious Medicine, Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital Huddinge, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Andrew R Cullinane
- Office of the Clinical Director, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Md
| | - Giovanna Peruzzi
- Receptor Cell Biology Section, Laboratory of Immunogenetics, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, Md
| | - William A Gahl
- Office of the Clinical Director, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Md
| | - John E Coligan
- Receptor Cell Biology Section, Laboratory of Immunogenetics, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, Md
| | - Wendy J Introne
- Office of the Clinical Director, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Md
| | - Yenan T Bryceson
- Center for Infectious Medicine, Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital Huddinge, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Konrad Krzewski
- Receptor Cell Biology Section, Laboratory of Immunogenetics, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, Md.
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Yamaoka M, Ishizaki T, Kimura T. Interplay between Rab27a effectors in pancreatic β-cells. World J Diabetes 2015; 6:508-516. [PMID: 25897360 PMCID: PMC4398906 DOI: 10.4239/wjd.v6.i3.508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2014] [Revised: 12/24/2014] [Accepted: 02/09/2015] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The small GTPase Rab27a is a member of the Rab family that is involved in membrane trafficking in various kinds of cells. Rab27a has GTP- and GDP-bound forms, and their interconversion regulates intracellular signaling pathways. Typically, only a GTP-bound GTPase binds its specific effectors with the resulting downstream signals controlling specific cellular functions. We previously identified novel Rab27a-interacting proteins. Surprisingly, some of these proteins interacted with GDP-bound Rab27a. The present study reviews recent progress in our understanding of the roles of Rab27a and its effectors in the secretory process. In pancreatic β-cells, GTP-bound Rab27a regulates insulin secretion at the pre-exocytotic stages via its GTP-specific effectors such as Exophilin8/Slac2-c/MyRIP and Slp4/Granuphilin. Glucose stimulation causes insulin exocytosis. Glucose stimulation also converts Rab27a from its GTP- to its GDP-bound form. GDP-bound Rab27a interacts with GDP-specific effectors and controls endocytosis of the secretory membrane. Thus, Rab27a cycling between GTP- and GDP-bound forms synchronizes with the recycling of secretory membrane to re-use the membrane and keep the β-cell volume constant.
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Krzewski K, Bryceson YT. Molecular mechanisms regulating cytotoxic lymphocyte development and function, and their associations to human diseases. Front Immunol 2014; 5:279. [PMID: 24966858 PMCID: PMC4052198 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2014.00279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2014] [Accepted: 05/28/2014] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Konrad Krzewski
- Receptor Cell Biology Section, Laboratory of Immunogenetics, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health , Rockville, MD , USA
| | - Yenan T Bryceson
- Center for Infectious Medicine, Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital Huddinge , Stockholm , Sweden
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