1
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Song D, Tang X, Du J, Tao K, Li Y. Diazepam inhibits LPS-induced pyroptosis and inflammation and alleviates pulmonary fibrosis in mice by regulating the let-7a-5p/MYD88 axis. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0305409. [PMID: 38875245 PMCID: PMC11178199 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0305409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2024] [Accepted: 05/29/2024] [Indexed: 06/16/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE Pulmonary fibrosis caused by lung injury is accompanied by varying degrees of inflammation, and diazepam can reduce the levels of inflammatory factors. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to determine whether diazepam can inhibit inflammation and ameliorate pulmonary fibrosis by regulating the let-7a-5p/myeloid differentiation factor 88 (MYD88) axis. METHODS Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) was used to induce cell pyroptosis in an animal model of pulmonary fibrosis. After treatment with diazepam, changes in cell proliferation and apoptosis were observed, and the occurrence of inflammation and pulmonary fibrosis in the mice was detected. RESULTS The results showed that LPS can successfully induce cell pyroptosis and inflammatory responses and cause lung fibrosis in mice. Diazepam inhibits the expression of pyroptosis-related factors and inflammatory factors; moreover, it attenuates the occurrence of pulmonary fibrosis in mice. Mechanistically, diazepam can upregulate the expression of let-7a-5p, inhibit the expression of MYD88, and reduce inflammation and inhibit pulmonary fibrosis by regulating the let-7a-5p/MYD88 axis. CONCLUSION Our findings indicated that diazepam can inhibit LPS-induced pyroptosis and inflammatory responses and alleviate pulmonary fibrosis in mice by regulating the let-7a-5p/MYD88 axis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Duanyi Song
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Second People’s Hospital of Yunnan Province, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Xuefang Tang
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Second People’s Hospital of Yunnan Province, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Juan Du
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Second People’s Hospital of Yunnan Province, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Kang Tao
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Second People’s Hospital of Yunnan Province, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Yun Li
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Second People’s Hospital of Yunnan Province, Kunming, Yunnan, China
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2
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Islam R, Rajan R, Choudhary H, Vrionis F, Hanafy KA. Gender differences in Alzheimer's may be associated with TLR4-LYN expression in damage associated microglia and neuronal phagocytosis. J Cell Physiol 2024; 239:e30916. [PMID: 36409648 PMCID: PMC10199960 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.30916] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2022] [Revised: 11/03/2022] [Accepted: 11/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The role of Aβ plaques and neurofibrillary tangles in Alzheimer's disease (AD) pathogenesis have recently come into question due to failure of many pharmaceutical agents targeting these deposits and detection of these misfolded proteins in normal human brains. Therefore, we investigated correlations between microglial activation and toll like receptor 4 (TLR4) and Lck/Yes novel tyrosine (LYN) kinase signaling in an AD mouse model. In this study, we used 5-6-month-old 5XFAD and wild type (WT) male and female mice. Immunohistochemistry (IHC) and flow cytometry (FC) were performed on their brains. Cognitive performance was assessed with the Barnes-Maze. IHC showed more Ab aggregation in microglia of female 5XFAD mice compared to their male counterparts. Increased co-localization of microglial TLR4 and LYN was also observed in AD more than WT and females more than males. IHC also suggests microglial phagocytosis of neurons in AD mice, which is supported by FC data. Our FC data also support the involvement of disease associated microglia (DAMs) in this process based on cytokine secretion. Cognitive assessment by the Barnes maze showed 5XFAD females performed worse than males. In this study, we investigated the relationship between microglial TLR4 and LYN kinase in 5XFAD male and females. Our data reveals a correlation between microglial TLR4 and LYN co-localization and AD pathogenesis, more in females than males. Targeting microglial TLR4 and Lyn in DAMs may offer new therapeutic opportunities in the treatment of AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rezwanul Islam
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Charles E. Schmidt College of Medicine, Florida Atlantic University, Boca Raton, FL
| | - Robin Rajan
- Marcus Neuroscience Institute, Boca Raton Medical Center, Boca Raton, FL
| | - Hadi Choudhary
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Charles E. Schmidt College of Medicine, Florida Atlantic University, Boca Raton, FL
| | - Frank Vrionis
- Marcus Neuroscience Institute, Boca Raton Medical Center, Boca Raton, FL
| | - Khalid A. Hanafy
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Charles E. Schmidt College of Medicine, Florida Atlantic University, Boca Raton, FL
- Marcus Neuroscience Institute, Boca Raton Medical Center, Boca Raton, FL
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3
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Ganguly A, Swaminathan G, Garcia-Marques F, Regmi S, Yarani R, Primavera R, Chetty S, Bermudez A, Pitteri SJ, Thakor AS. Integrated transcriptome-proteome analyses of human stem cells reveal source-dependent differences in their regenerative signature. Stem Cell Reports 2023; 18:190-204. [PMID: 36493779 PMCID: PMC9860079 DOI: 10.1016/j.stemcr.2022.11.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2022] [Revised: 11/07/2022] [Accepted: 11/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are gaining increasing prominence as an effective regenerative cellular therapy. However, ensuring consistent and reliable effects across clinical populations has proved to be challenging. In part, this can be attributed to heterogeneity in the intrinsic molecular and regenerative signature of MSCs, which is dependent on their source of origin. The present work uses integrated omics-based profiling, at different functional levels, to compare the anti-inflammatory, immunomodulatory, and angiogenic properties between MSCs from neonatal (umbilical cord MSC [UC-MSC]) and adult (adipose tissue MSC [AD-MSC], and bone marrow MSC [BM-MSC]) sources. Using multi-parametric analyses, we identified that UC-MSCs promote a more robust host innate immune response; in contrast, adult-MSCs appear to facilitate remodeling of the extracellular matrix (ECM) with stronger activation of angiogenic cascades. These data should help facilitate the standardization of source-specific MSCs, such that their regenerative signatures can be confidently used to target specific disease processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abantika Ganguly
- Interventional Radiology Innovation at Stanford (IRIS), Department of Radiology, School of Medicine, Stanford University, 3155 Porter Drive, Palo Alto, CA 94304, USA
| | - Ganesh Swaminathan
- Interventional Radiology Innovation at Stanford (IRIS), Department of Radiology, School of Medicine, Stanford University, 3155 Porter Drive, Palo Alto, CA 94304, USA
| | - Fernando Garcia-Marques
- Canary Center at Stanford for Cancer Early Detection, Department of Radiology, School of Medicine, Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA 94304, USA
| | - Shobha Regmi
- Interventional Radiology Innovation at Stanford (IRIS), Department of Radiology, School of Medicine, Stanford University, 3155 Porter Drive, Palo Alto, CA 94304, USA
| | - Reza Yarani
- Interventional Radiology Innovation at Stanford (IRIS), Department of Radiology, School of Medicine, Stanford University, 3155 Porter Drive, Palo Alto, CA 94304, USA
| | - Rosita Primavera
- Interventional Radiology Innovation at Stanford (IRIS), Department of Radiology, School of Medicine, Stanford University, 3155 Porter Drive, Palo Alto, CA 94304, USA
| | - Shashank Chetty
- Interventional Radiology Innovation at Stanford (IRIS), Department of Radiology, School of Medicine, Stanford University, 3155 Porter Drive, Palo Alto, CA 94304, USA
| | - Abel Bermudez
- Canary Center at Stanford for Cancer Early Detection, Department of Radiology, School of Medicine, Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA 94304, USA
| | - Sharon J Pitteri
- Canary Center at Stanford for Cancer Early Detection, Department of Radiology, School of Medicine, Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA 94304, USA
| | - Avnesh S Thakor
- Interventional Radiology Innovation at Stanford (IRIS), Department of Radiology, School of Medicine, Stanford University, 3155 Porter Drive, Palo Alto, CA 94304, USA.
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Identification of Inflammatory and Regulatory Cytokines IL-1α-, IL-4-, IL-6-, IL-12-, IL-13-, IL-17A-, TNF-α-, and IFN-γ-Producing Cells in the Milk of Dairy Cows with Subclinical and Clinical Mastitis. Pathogens 2022; 11:pathogens11030372. [PMID: 35335696 PMCID: PMC8954094 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens11030372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2022] [Revised: 03/11/2022] [Accepted: 03/15/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
In naturally occurring bovine mastitis, effects of infection depend on the host inflammatory response, including the effects of secreted cytokines. Knowledge about the inflammatory and regulatory cytokines in milk cells of free-stall barn dairy cows and in naturally occurring mastitis is lacking as most studies focus on induced mastitis. Hereby, the aim of the study was to determine inflammatory and regulatory cytokines in the milk of dairy cows with subclinical and clinical mastitis. The following examinations of milk samples were performed: differential counting of somatic cells (SCC), bacteriological examination, and immunocytochemical analysis. Mean SCC increased in subclinical and clinical mastitis cases. The number of pathogenic mastitis-causing bacteria on plates increased in subclinical mastitis cases but decreased in clinical mastitis. The inflammatory and regulatory markers in the milk cells of healthy cows showed the highest mean cell numbers (%). In mastitis cases, immunoreactivity was more pronounced for IL-4, IL-6, IL-12, IL-13, IL-17A, TNF-α, and IFN-γ. Data about subclinical and clinical mastitis demonstrate inflammatory responses to intramammary infection driven by IL-1α, IL-4, and IL-17A. Moreover, the host defense response in mastitis is characterized by continuation or resolution of initial inflammation. IL-12 and INF-γ immunoreactivity was recognized to differ mastitis cases from the relative health status.
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Cappellini A, Mongiorgi S, Finelli C, Fazio A, Ratti S, Marvi MV, Curti A, Salvestrini V, Pellagatti A, Billi AM, Suh PG, McCubrey JA, Boultwood J, Manzoli L, Cocco L, Follo MY. Phospholipase C beta1 (PI-PLCbeta1)/Cyclin D3/protein kinase C (PKC) alpha signaling modulation during iron-induced oxidative stress in myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS). FASEB J 2020; 34:15400-15416. [PMID: 32959428 DOI: 10.1096/fj.202000933rr] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2020] [Revised: 08/31/2020] [Accepted: 09/09/2020] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
MDS are characterized by anemia and transfusion requirements. Transfused patients frequently show iron overload that negatively affects hematopoiesis. Iron chelation therapy can be effective in these MDS cases, but the molecular consequences of this treatment need to be further investigated. That is why we studied the molecular features of iron effect and Deferasirox therapy on PI-PLCbeta1 inositide signaling, using hematopoietic cells and MDS samples. At baseline, MDS patients showing a positive response after iron chelation therapy displayed higher levels of PI-PLCbeta1/Cyclin D3/PKCalpha expression. During treatment, these responder patients, as well as hematopoietic cells treated with FeCl3 and Deferasirox, showed a specific reduction of PI-PLCbeta1/Cyclin D3/PKCalpha expression, indicating that this signaling pathway is targeted by Deferasirox. The treatment was also able to specifically decrease the production of ROS. This effect correlated with a reduction of IL-1A and IL-2, as well as Akt/mTOR phosphorylation. In contrast, cells exposed only to FeCl3 and cells from MDS patients refractory to Deferasirox showed a specific increase of ROS and PI-PLCbeta1/Cyclin D3/PKCalpha expression. All in all, our data show that PI-PLCbeta1 signaling is a target for iron-induced oxidative stress and suggest that baseline PI-PLCbeta1 quantification could predict iron chelation therapy response in MDS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandra Cappellini
- Cellular Signalling Laboratory, Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Sara Mongiorgi
- Cellular Signalling Laboratory, Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Carlo Finelli
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Institute of Hematology "L. and A. Seràgnoli, University-Hospital S.Orsola-Malpighi, Bologna, Italy
| | - Antonietta Fazio
- Cellular Signalling Laboratory, Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Stefano Ratti
- Cellular Signalling Laboratory, Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Maria Vittoria Marvi
- Cellular Signalling Laboratory, Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Antonio Curti
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Institute of Hematology "L. and A. Seràgnoli, University-Hospital S.Orsola-Malpighi, Bologna, Italy
| | - Valentina Salvestrini
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Institute of Hematology "L. and A. Seràgnoli, University-Hospital S.Orsola-Malpighi, Bologna, Italy
| | - Andrea Pellagatti
- Blood Cancer UK Molecular Haematology Unit, Nuffield Division of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, and Oxford BRC Haematology Theme, Oxford, UK
| | - Anna Maria Billi
- Cellular Signalling Laboratory, Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Pann-Ghill Suh
- Korea Brain Research Institute, Daegu, Republic of Korea.,School of Life Sciences, UNIST, Ulsan, Republic of Korea
| | - James A McCubrey
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Brody School of Medicine, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC, USA
| | - Jacqueline Boultwood
- Blood Cancer UK Molecular Haematology Unit, Nuffield Division of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, and Oxford BRC Haematology Theme, Oxford, UK
| | - Lucia Manzoli
- Cellular Signalling Laboratory, Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Lucio Cocco
- Cellular Signalling Laboratory, Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Matilde Y Follo
- Cellular Signalling Laboratory, Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
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6
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Jiménez-Meléndez A, Ramakrishnan C, Hehl AB, Russo G, Álvarez-García G. RNA-Seq Analyses Reveal That Endothelial Activation and Fibrosis Are Induced Early and Progressively by Besnoitia besnoiti Host Cell Invasion and Proliferation. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2020; 10:218. [PMID: 32500038 PMCID: PMC7242738 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2020.00218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2020] [Accepted: 04/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The pathogenesis of bovine besnoitiosis and the molecular bases that govern disease progression remain to be elucidated. Thus, we have employed an in vitro model of infection based on primary bovine aortic endothelial cells (BAEC), target cells during the acute infection. Host-parasite interactions were investigated by RNA-Seq at two post-infection (pi) time points: 12 hpi, when tachyzoites have already invaded host cells, and 32 hpi, when tachyzoites have replicated for at least two generations. Additionally, the gene expression profile of B. besnoiti tachyzoites was studied at both pi time points. Up to 446 differentially expressed B. taurus genes (DEGs) were found in BAEC between both pi time points: 249 DEGs were up-regulated and 197 DEGs were down-regulated at 32 hpi. Upregulation of different genes encoding cytokines, chemokines, leukocyte adhesion molecules predominantly at 12 hpi implies an activation of endothelial cells, whilst upregulation of genes involved in angiogenesis and extracellular matrix organization was detected at both time points. NF-κB and TNF-α signaling pathways appeared to be mainly modulated upon infection, coordinating the expression of several effector proteins with proinflammatory and pro-fibrotic phenotypes. These mediators are thought to be responsible for macrophage recruitment setting the basis for chronic inflammation and fibrosis characteristic of chronic besnoitiosis. Angiogenesis regulation also predominated, and this multistep process was evidenced by the upregulation of markers involved in both early (e.g., growth factors and matrix metalloproteinases) and late steps (e.g., integrins and vasohibin). Besnoitia besnoiti ortholog genes present in other Toxoplasmatinae members and involved in the lytic cycle have shown to be differentially expressed among the two time points studied, with a higher expression at 32 hpi (e.g., ROP40, ROP5B, MIC1, MIC10). This study gives molecular clues on B. besnoiti- BAECs interaction and shows the progression of type II endothelial cell activation upon parasite invasion and proliferation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alejandro Jiménez-Meléndez
- SALUVET, Animal Health Department, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Adrian B Hehl
- Institute of Parasitology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | | | - Gema Álvarez-García
- SALUVET, Animal Health Department, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
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7
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Yu Y, Shi H, Yu Y, Liu M, Li M, Liu X, Wang Y, Chen R. Inhibition of calpain alleviates coxsackievirus B3-induced myocarditis through suppressing the canonical NLRP3 inflammasome/caspase-1-mediated and noncanonical caspase-11-mediated pyroptosis pathways. Am J Transl Res 2020; 12:1954-1964. [PMID: 32509190 PMCID: PMC7270028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2019] [Accepted: 04/04/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
This study aimed to verify the effects of calpain on coxsackievirus B3 (CVB3)-induced myocarditis and to further explore the underlying mechanisms. Transgenic mice overexpressing calpastatin, the endogenous calpain inhibitor, were introduced in the present study. The murine model of viral myocarditis (VMC) was established by intraperitoneal injection of CVB3 into transgenic and wild-type mice. Myocardial injury was measured by H&E staining and ELISA for cTnI. CVB3 replication was assessed via capsid protein VP1 detection and virus titration. The fibrotic factors collagen and TGF-β1 were evaluated by Masson staining and real-time PCR analysis, respectively. Moreover, the levels of NLRP3, AIM2, ASC, cleaved caspase-1, cleaved caspase-11 and the pyroptosis indicators GSDMD p30, IL-1β and HMGB1 were determined by real-time PCR, western blot or immunohistochemical analysis. In addition, peripheral IL-1β and HMGB1 were evaluated by ELISA. We observed that CVB3-infected transgenic mice had lower pathological scores, peripheral cTnI levels, viral loads and expression levels of collagen and TGF-β1 in the heart than CVB3-infected wild-type mice. Furthermore, we found decreased levels of NLRP3, ASC, cleaved caspase-1 and cleaved caspase-11 in the hearts of CVB3-infected transgenic mice. However, after CVB3 infection, the levels of AIM2 in transgenic mice and wild-type mice did not differ significantly. Additionally, calpastatin overexpression significantly reduced the levels of GSDMD p30, IL-1β and HMGB1 in the myocardium as well as peripheral IL-1β and HMGB1. Taken together, these findings indicate that calpain inhibition attenuates CVB3-induced myocarditis by suppressing the canonical NLRP3 inflammasome/caspase-1-mediated and noncanonical caspase-11-mediated pyroptosis pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Yu
- Department of General Practice, Zhongshan Hospital, Shanghai Medical College of Fudan UniversityShanghai 200032, China
| | - Hui Shi
- Department of Cardiology, Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Zhongshan Hospital, Shanghai Medical College of Fudan UniversityShanghai 200032, China
| | - Yong Yu
- Department of Cardiology, Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Zhongshan Hospital, Shanghai Medical College of Fudan UniversityShanghai 200032, China
| | - Ming Liu
- Department of General Practice, Zhongshan Hospital, Shanghai Medical College of Fudan UniversityShanghai 200032, China
| | - Minghui Li
- Department of Cardiology, Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Zhongshan Hospital, Shanghai Medical College of Fudan UniversityShanghai 200032, China
| | - Xiaoxiao Liu
- Department of Cardiology, Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Zhongshan Hospital, Shanghai Medical College of Fudan UniversityShanghai 200032, China
| | - Yucheng Wang
- Department of Cardiology, Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Zhongshan Hospital, Shanghai Medical College of Fudan UniversityShanghai 200032, China
| | - Ruizhen Chen
- Department of Cardiology, Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Zhongshan Hospital, Shanghai Medical College of Fudan UniversityShanghai 200032, China
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Lin HJ, Jiang ZP, Lo HR, Feng CL, Chen CJ, Yang CY, Huang MZ, Wu HY, Chen YA, Chen Y, Chiu CH, Lai CH. Coalescence of RAGE in Lipid Rafts in Response to Cytolethal Distending Toxin-Induced Inflammation. Front Immunol 2019; 10:109. [PMID: 30863392 PMCID: PMC6399302 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.00109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2018] [Accepted: 01/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The receptor for advanced glycation end products (RAGE) interacts with various molecules in the cell membrane to induce an inflammatory response. The cytolethal distending toxin (CDT) produced by Campylobacter jejuni contains three subunits: CdtA, CdtB, and CdtC. Amongst, CdtA and CdtC interact with membrane lipid rafts, by which CdtB enters the nucleus to induce pathogenesis. In this study, we first explored the relationships between RAGE, lipid rafts, and inflammation in gastrointestinal epithelial cells exposed to CDT. Our results showed that CDT activated the expression of RAGE and high mobility group box 1 (HMGB1), followed by the recruitment of RAGE into lipid rafts. In contrast, RAGE antagonist inhibited CDT-induced inflammation via the RAGE-HMGB1 axis. Disruption of lipid rafts decreased CDT-induced downstream signaling, which in turn attenuated the inflammatory response. Furthermore, in vivo studies revealed severe inflammation and upregulation of RAGE and IL-1β in the intestinal tissues of CDT-treated mice. These results demonstrate that mobilization of RAGE to lipid rafts plays a crucial role in CDT-induced inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hwai-Jeng Lin
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Shuang-Ho Hospital, New Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Zhi-Pei Jiang
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan.,Division of Colon and Rectal Surgery, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou, Taiwan
| | - Horng-Ren Lo
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science and Biotechnology, Fooyin University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Chun-Lung Feng
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, China Medical University Hsinchu Hospital, Hsinchu, Taiwan.,Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Jung Chen
- Department of Pediatrics, Molecular Infectious Disease Research Center, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Yu Yang
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan.,Division of Colon and Rectal Surgery, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou, Taiwan
| | - Mei-Zi Huang
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Hui-Yu Wu
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Yu-An Chen
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Yu Chen
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Cheng-Hsun Chiu
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan.,Department of Pediatrics, Molecular Infectious Disease Research Center, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Ho Lai
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan.,Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan.,Department of Pediatrics, Molecular Infectious Disease Research Center, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou, Taiwan.,Department of Nursing, Asia University, Taichung, Taiwan
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9
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Gadina M, Le MT, Schwartz DM, Silvennoinen O, Nakayamada S, Yamaoka K, O’Shea JJ. Janus kinases to jakinibs: from basic insights to clinical practice. Rheumatology (Oxford) 2019; 58:i4-i16. [PMID: 30806710 PMCID: PMC6657570 DOI: 10.1093/rheumatology/key432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2018] [Accepted: 11/15/2018] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Cytokines are critical mediators of diverse immune and inflammatory diseases. Targeting cytokines and cytokine receptors with biologics has revolutionized the treatment of many of these diseases, but targeting intracellular signalling with Janus kinase (JAK) inhibitors (jakinibs) now represents a major new therapeutic advance. We are still in the first decade since these drugs were approved and there is still much to be learned about the mechanisms of action of these drugs and the practical use of these agents. Herein we will review cytokines that do, and just as importantly, do not signal by JAKs, as well as explain how this relates to both efficacy and side effects in various diseases. We will review new, next-generation selective jakinibs, as well as the prospects and challenges ahead in targeting JAKs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Massimo Gadina
- Translational Immunology Section, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Mimi T Le
- Translational Immunology Section, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Daniella M Schwartz
- Molecular Immunology and Inflammation Branch, National Institute of Arthritis, and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Olli Silvennoinen
- Institute of Biotechnology, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences, Fimlab Laboratories University of Tampere, Tampere, Finland
| | - Shingo Nakayamada
- First Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Occupational and Environmental Health Japan, Kitakyushu, Japan
| | - Kunihiro Yamaoka
- Department of Rheumatology and Infectious Disease, Kitasato University, School of Medicine, Sagamihara, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - John J O’Shea
- Molecular Immunology and Inflammation Branch, National Institute of Arthritis, and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
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10
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Jenei-Lanzl Z, Meurer A, Zaucke F. Interleukin-1β signaling in osteoarthritis - chondrocytes in focus. Cell Signal 2018; 53:212-223. [PMID: 30312659 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2018.10.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 231] [Impact Index Per Article: 38.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2018] [Revised: 10/07/2018] [Accepted: 10/08/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Osteoarthritis (OA) can be regarded as a chronic, painful and degenerative disease that affects all tissues of a joint and one of the major endpoints being loss of articular cartilage. In most cases, OA is associated with a variable degree of synovial inflammation. A variety of different cell types including chondrocytes, synovial fibroblasts, adipocytes, osteoblasts and osteoclasts as well as stem and immune cells are involved in catabolic and inflammatory processes but also in attempts to counteract the cartilage loss. At the molecular level, these changes are regulated by a complex network of proteolytic enzymes, chemokines and cytokines (for review: [1]). Here, interleukin-1 signaling (IL-1) plays a central role and its effects on the different cell types involved in OA are discussed in this review with a special focus on the chondrocyte.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zsuzsa Jenei-Lanzl
- Dr. Rolf M. Schwiete Research Unit for Osteoarthritis, Orthopaedic University Hospital Friedrichsheim, Frankfurt/Main, Germany
| | - Andrea Meurer
- Dr. Rolf M. Schwiete Research Unit for Osteoarthritis, Orthopaedic University Hospital Friedrichsheim, Frankfurt/Main, Germany
| | - Frank Zaucke
- Dr. Rolf M. Schwiete Research Unit for Osteoarthritis, Orthopaedic University Hospital Friedrichsheim, Frankfurt/Main, Germany.
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11
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Di Padova F, Quesniaux VFJ, Ryffel B. MyD88 as a therapeutic target for inflammatory lung diseases. Expert Opin Ther Targets 2018; 22:401-408. [PMID: 29658361 DOI: 10.1080/14728222.2018.1464139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Myeloid differentiation primary response protein 88 (MyD88) is a critical adaptor protein involved in Toll-like and IL-1 receptor family signaling controlling innate immune responses and inflammation. Genetic deletion of MyD88 function results in profound suppression of inflammation and reduced resistance of the host to pathogens indicating non-redundant roles of MyD88. The TIR domain is critical for MyD88 dimerization and signaling for TLR and IL-1R family receptor. Areas covered: Emerging evidence suggests that chemical disruption of the TIR domain attenuates cell activation and inhibits in vivo MyD88-dependent inflammation. We review the development of MyD88 dimerization disruptors as a novel therapeutic approach of respiratory diseases with a focus on COPD. Expert opinion: There is a proof of concept that therapeutic targeting of MyD88 is feasible and first preclinical data are highly promising. This opens a great opportunity to treat exacerbations of COPD and other chronic respiratory diseases. However, extensive preclinical investigations and risk analyses are required with carefully evaluation of reduced host resistance and opportunistic infections.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Valerie F J Quesniaux
- b Laboratory of experimental and molecular immunology and neurogenetics (INEM) , UMR 7355 CNRS-University of Orleans , Orleans , France
| | - Bernhard Ryffel
- b Laboratory of experimental and molecular immunology and neurogenetics (INEM) , UMR 7355 CNRS-University of Orleans , Orleans , France.,c IDM, Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine , University of Cape Town , Cape Town , RSA
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12
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Cavalli G, Foppoli M, Cabrini L, Dinarello CA, Tresoldi M, Dagna L. Interleukin-1 Receptor Blockade Rescues Myocarditis-Associated End-Stage Heart Failure. Front Immunol 2017; 8:131. [PMID: 28232838 PMCID: PMC5298961 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2017.00131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2016] [Accepted: 01/25/2017] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Support measures currently represent the mainstay of treatment for fulminant myocarditis, while effective and safe anti-inflammatory therapies remain an unmet clinical need. However, clinical and experimental evidence indicates that inhibition of the pro-inflammatory cytokine interleukin 1 (IL-1) is effective against both myocardial inflammation and contractile dysfunction. We thus evaluated treatment with the IL-1 receptor antagonist anakinra in a case of heart failure secondary to fulminant myocarditis. A 65-year-old man with T cell lymphoma developed fulminant myocarditis presenting with severe biventricular failure and cardiogenic shock requiring admittance to the intensive care unit and mechanical circulatory and respiratory support. Specifically, acute heart failure and cardiogenic shock were initially treated with non-invasive ventilation and mechanical circulatory support with an intra-aortic balloon pump. Nevertheless, cardiac function deteriorated further, and there were no signs of improvement. Treatment with anakinra, the recombinant form of the naturally occurring IL-1 receptor antagonist, was started at a standard subcutaneous dose of 100 mg/day. We observed a dramatic clinical improvement within 24 h of initiating anakinra. Prompt, progressive amelioration of cardiac function allowed weaning from mechanical circulatory and respiratory support within 72 h of anakinra administration. Recent studies point at inhibition of IL-1 activity as an attractive treatment option for both myocardial inflammation and contractile dysfunction. Furthermore, IL-1 receptor blockade with anakinra is characterized by an extremely rapid onset of action and remarkable safety and may thus be suitable for the treatment of patients critically ill with myocarditis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giulio Cavalli
- Unit of Immunology, Rheumatology, Allergy and Rare Diseases, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy; Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, CO, USA; Department of Internal Medicine, Radboud University Medical Centre, Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | - Marco Foppoli
- Division of Oncology, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute , Milan , Italy
| | - Luca Cabrini
- Division of Anesthesia and Intensive Care, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute , Milan , Italy
| | - Charles A Dinarello
- Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, CO, USA; Department of Internal Medicine, Radboud University Medical Centre, Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | - Moreno Tresoldi
- Department of Internal Medicine and Advanced Therapies, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute , Milan , Italy
| | - Lorenzo Dagna
- Unit of Immunology, Rheumatology, Allergy and Rare Diseases, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute , Milan , Italy
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13
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Lin HJ, Hsu FY, Chen WW, Lee CH, Lin YJ, Chen YYM, Chen CJ, Huang MZ, Kao MC, Chen YA, Lai HC, Lai CH. Helicobacter pylori Activates HMGB1 Expression and Recruits RAGE into Lipid Rafts to Promote Inflammation in Gastric Epithelial Cells. Front Immunol 2016; 7:341. [PMID: 27667993 PMCID: PMC5016528 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2016.00341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2016] [Accepted: 08/23/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Helicobacter pylori infection is associated with several gastrointestinal disorders in the human population worldwide. High-mobility group box 1 (HMGB1), a ubiquitous nuclear protein, mediates various inflammation functions. The interaction between HMGB1 and receptor for advanced glycation end-products (RAGE) triggers nuclear factor (NF)-κB expression, which in turn stimulates the release of proinflammatory cytokines, such as interleukin (IL)-8, and enhances the inflammatory response. However, how H. pylori activates HMGB1 expression and mobilizes RAGE into cholesterol-rich microdomains in gastric epithelial cells to promote inflammation has not been explored. In this study, we found that HMGB1 and RAGE expression increased significantly in H. pylori-infected cells compared with -uninfected cells. Blocking HMGB1 by neutralizing antibody abrogated H. pylori-elicited RAGE, suggesting that RAGE expression follows HMGB1 production, and silenced RAGE-attenuated H. pylori-mediated NF-κB activation and IL-8 production. Furthermore, significantly more RAGE was present in detergent-resistant membranes extracted from H. pylori-infected cells than in those from -uninfected cells, indicating that H. pylori exploited cholesterol to induce the HMGB1 signaling pathway. These results indicate that HMGB1 plays a crucial role in H. pylori-induced inflammation in gastric epithelial cells, which may be valuable in developing treatments for H. pylori-associated diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hwai-Jeng Lin
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, College of Medicine, School of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan; Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Shuang-Ho Hospital, New Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Fang-Yu Hsu
- Graduate Institute of Basic Medical Science, School of Medicine, China Medical University , Taichung , Taiwan
| | - Wei-Wei Chen
- Graduate Institute of Basic Medical Science, School of Medicine, China Medical University , Taichung , Taiwan
| | - Che-Hsin Lee
- Graduate Institute of Basic Medical Science, School of Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan; Department of Biological Sciences, National Sun Yet-sen University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Ying-Ju Lin
- Department of Medical Research, Genetic Center, School of Chinese Medicine, China Medical University and Hospital , Taichung , Taiwan
| | - Yi-Ywan M Chen
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan; Department of Pediatrics, Molecular Infectious Disease Research Center, Chang Gung Children's Hospital and Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Jung Chen
- Department of Pediatrics, Molecular Infectious Disease Research Center, Chang Gung Children's Hospital and Chang Gung Memorial Hospital , Taoyuan , Taiwan
| | - Mei-Zi Huang
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Chang Gung University , Taoyuan , Taiwan
| | - Min-Chuan Kao
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Chang Gung University , Taoyuan , Taiwan
| | - Yu-An Chen
- Graduate Institute of Basic Medical Science, School of Medicine, China Medical University , Taichung , Taiwan
| | - Hsin-Chih Lai
- Department of Medical Biotechnology and Laboratory Science, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan; Department of Laboratory Medicine, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Ho Lai
- Graduate Institute of Basic Medical Science, School of Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan; Department of Pediatrics, Molecular Infectious Disease Research Center, Chang Gung Children's Hospital and Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan, Taiwan; Department of Nursing, Asia University, Taichung, Taiwan
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14
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Wijendran V, Brenna JT, Wang DH, Zhu W, Meng D, Ganguli K, Kothapalli KSD, Requena P, Innis S, Walker WA. Long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids attenuate the IL-1β-induced proinflammatory response in human fetal intestinal epithelial cells. Pediatr Res 2015; 78:626-33. [PMID: 26270575 PMCID: PMC5046822 DOI: 10.1038/pr.2015.154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2015] [Accepted: 05/13/2015] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Evidence suggests that excessive inflammation of the immature intestine may predispose premature infants to necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC). We investigated the anti-inflammatory effects of docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA), and arachidonic acid (ARA) in human fetal and adult intestinal epithelial cells (IEC) in primary culture. METHODS Human fetal IEC in culture were derived from a healthy fetal small intestine (H4) or resected small intestine of a neonate with NEC (NEC-IEC). Intestinal cell lines Caco2 and NCM460 in culture were used as models for mature IEC. IEC in culture were pretreated with 100 µmol/l palmitic acid (PAL), DHA, EPA, ARA, or ARA+DHA for 48 h and then stimulated with proinflammatory IL-1β. RESULTS DHA significantly attenuated IL-1β induced proinflammatory IL-8 and IL-6 protein and mRNA in fetal H4, NEC-IEC, and mature Caco2, NCM460 IEC, compared to control and PAL treatment. DHA downregulated IL-1R1 (IL-1β receptor) and NFk β1 mRNA expression in fetal and adult IEC. ARA had potent anti-inflammatory effects with lower IL-8 and IL-6 (protein and mRNA) in fetal H4 but not in NEC-IEC or adult IEC. CONCLUSION The present study provides evidence that DHA and ARA may have important anti-inflammatory functions for prevention of NEC in premature infants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vasuki Wijendran
- Mucosal Immunology and Biology Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital for Children, Boston, MA, USA
| | - JT Brenna
- Division of Nutritional Sciences, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
| | - Dong Hao Wang
- Division of Nutritional Sciences, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
| | - Weishu Zhu
- Mucosal Immunology and Biology Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital for Children, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Di Meng
- Mucosal Immunology and Biology Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital for Children, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Kriston Ganguli
- Mucosal Immunology and Biology Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital for Children, Boston, MA, USA
| | | | - Pilar Requena
- Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Liverpool, UK
| | - Sheila Innis
- Department of Pediatrics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - WA Walker
- Mucosal Immunology and Biology Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital for Children, Boston, MA, USA
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15
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Bourdiec A, Ahmad SF, Lachhab A, Akoum A. Regulation of inflammatory and angiogenesis mediators in a functional model of decidualized endometrial stromal cells. Reprod Biomed Online 2015; 32:85-95. [PMID: 26602943 DOI: 10.1016/j.rbmo.2015.09.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2015] [Revised: 09/11/2015] [Accepted: 09/15/2015] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
The mechanisms involving the expression of interleukin (IL) 1 family members in the process of preparing the endometrium to receive an embryo remain unclear. In this study, decidualization differentially skewed the balance of IL1 family receptor expression in a pattern that increases endometrial stromal cell receptivity to IL1, IL18 and IL33. Additionally, endometrial cells showed increased expression of homeobox HOXA10 and HOXA11 and LIFR, which are known to be involved in endometrial embryo receptivity. Further analyses of decidual endometrial cells revealed a significant increase in the release of potent proinflammatory, remodelling and angiogenic factors implicated in the embryo invasion process, such as VEGF (P = 0.0305), MMP9 (P = 0.0003), TIMP3 (P = 0.0001), RANTES (P = 0.0020), MCP1 (P = 0.0001) and MIF (P = 0.0068). No significant changes in endogenous IL1B secretion were observed. Decreased secretion of IL18 and decidualization increased secretion of IL33. These findings reveal a significant modulation of endometrial cell receptivity to IL1 family members during endometrial stromal cell decidualization, and suggest that the involvement of IL1 family members is important in physiological processes of endometrial receptivity, including adaptive immunology. This may be relevant to establishing a favourable uterine microenvironment for embryo implantation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amélie Bourdiec
- Endocrinologie de la reproduction, Centre de recherche-Hôpital Saint-François d'Assise, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Québec, Faculté de médecine, Université Laval, Québec, Canada.
| | - Syed-Furquan Ahmad
- Endocrinologie de la reproduction, Centre de recherche-Hôpital Saint-François d'Assise, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Québec, Faculté de médecine, Université Laval, Québec, Canada
| | - Asmaa Lachhab
- Endocrinologie de la reproduction, Centre de recherche-Hôpital Saint-François d'Assise, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Québec, Faculté de médecine, Université Laval, Québec, Canada
| | - Ali Akoum
- Endocrinologie de la reproduction, Centre de recherche-Hôpital Saint-François d'Assise, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Québec, Faculté de médecine, Université Laval, Québec, Canada
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Dolcino M, Ottria A, Barbieri A, Patuzzo G, Tinazzi E, Argentino G, Beri R, Lunardi C, Puccetti A. Gene Expression Profiling in Peripheral Blood Cells and Synovial Membranes of Patients with Psoriatic Arthritis. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0128262. [PMID: 26086874 PMCID: PMC4473102 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0128262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2014] [Accepted: 04/24/2015] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Psoriatic arthritis (PsA) is an inflammatory arthritis whose pathogenesis is poorly understood; it is characterized by bone erosions and new bone formation. The diagnosis of PsA is mainly clinical and diagnostic biomarkers are not yet available. The aim of this work was to clarify some aspects of the disease pathogenesis and to identify specific gene signatures in paired peripheral blood cells (PBC) and synovial biopsies of patients with PsA. Moreover, we tried to identify biomarkers that can be used in clinical practice. Methods PBC and synovial biopsies of 10 patients with PsA were used to study gene expression using Affymetrix arrays. The expression values were validated by Q-PCR, FACS analysis and by the detection of soluble mediators. Results Synovial biopsies of patients showed a modulation of approximately 200 genes when compared to the biopsies of healthy donors. Among the differentially expressed genes we observed the upregulation of Th17 related genes and of type I interferon (IFN) inducible genes. FACS analysis confirmed the Th17 polarization. Moreover, the synovial trascriptome shows gene clusters (bone remodeling, angiogenesis and inflammation) involved in the pathogenesis of PsA. Interestingly 90 genes are modulated in both compartments (PBC and synovium) suggesting that signature pathways in PBC mirror those of the inflamed synovium. Finally the osteoactivin gene was upregulared in both PBC and synovial biopsies and this finding was confirmed by the detection of high levels of osteoactivin in PsA sera but not in other inflammatory arthritides. Conclusions We describe the first analysis of the trancriptome in paired synovial tissue and PBC of patients with PsA. This study strengthens the hypothesis that PsA is of autoimmune origin since the coactivity of IFN and Th17 pathways is typical of autoimmunity. Finally these findings have allowed the identification of a possible disease biomarker, osteoactivin, easily detectable in PsA serum.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Antonio Puccetti
- Institute G. Gaslini, Genova, Italy
- University of Genova, Genova, Italy
- * E-mail:
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