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Puiffe ML, Dupont A, Sako N, Gatineau J, Cohen JL, Mestivier D, Lebon A, Prévost-Blondel A, Castellano F, Molinier-Frenkel V. IL4I1 Accelerates the Expansion of Effector CD8 + T Cells at the Expense of Memory Precursors by Increasing the Threshold of T-Cell Activation. Front Immunol 2020; 11:600012. [PMID: 33343572 PMCID: PMC7746639 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.600012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2020] [Accepted: 11/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
IL4I1 is an immunoregulatory enzyme that inhibits CD8 T-cell proliferation in vitro and in the tumoral context. Here, we dissected the effect of IL4I1 on CD8 T-cell priming by studying the differentiation of a transgenic CD8 T-cell clone and the endogenous repertoire in a mouse model of acute lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus (LCMV) infection. Unexpectedly, we show that IL4I1 accelerates the expansion of functional effector CD8 T cells during the first several days after infection and increases the average affinity of the elicited repertoire, supporting more efficient LCMV clearance in WT mice than IL4I1-deficient mice. Conversely, IL4I1 restrains the differentiation of CD8 T-cells into long-lived memory precursors and favors the memory response to the most immunodominant peptides. IL4I1 expression does not affect the phenotype or antigen-presenting functions of dendritic cells (DCs), but directly reduces the stability of T-DC immune synapses in vitro, thus dampening T-cell activation. Overall, our results support a model in which IL4I1 increases the threshold of T-cell activation, indirectly promoting the priming of high-affinity clones while limiting memory T-cell differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie-Line Puiffe
- Virus-Immunity-Cancer Department, Institut Mondor de Recherche Biomédicale (IMRB), INSERM U955, Université Paris-Est Créteil, Créteil, France
| | - Aurélie Dupont
- Virus-Immunity-Cancer Department, Institut Mondor de Recherche Biomédicale (IMRB), INSERM U955, Université Paris-Est Créteil, Créteil, France
| | - Nouhoum Sako
- Virus-Immunity-Cancer Department, Institut Mondor de Recherche Biomédicale (IMRB), INSERM U955, Université Paris-Est Créteil, Créteil, France
| | - Jérôme Gatineau
- Virus-Immunity-Cancer Department, Institut Mondor de Recherche Biomédicale (IMRB), INSERM U955, Université Paris-Est Créteil, Créteil, France
| | - José L Cohen
- Virus-Immunity-Cancer Department, Institut Mondor de Recherche Biomédicale (IMRB), INSERM U955, Université Paris-Est Créteil, Créteil, France
| | - Denis Mestivier
- Bioinformatics Core Laboratory, Institut Mondor de Recherche Biomédicale (IMRB), INSERM U955, Université Paris-Est Créteil, Créteil, France
| | - Agnès Lebon
- INSERM U1016, CNRS UMR8104, Institut Cochin, Université de Paris, Paris, France
| | | | - Flavia Castellano
- Virus-Immunity-Cancer Department, Institut Mondor de Recherche Biomédicale (IMRB), INSERM U955, Université Paris-Est Créteil, Créteil, France.,Pathobiology Department, Groupe Hospitalo-Universitaire Chenevier-Mondor, AP-HP, Créteil, France
| | - Valérie Molinier-Frenkel
- Virus-Immunity-Cancer Department, Institut Mondor de Recherche Biomédicale (IMRB), INSERM U955, Université Paris-Est Créteil, Créteil, France.,Pathobiology Department, Groupe Hospitalo-Universitaire Chenevier-Mondor, AP-HP, Créteil, France
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2
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Gonçalves P, El Daker S, Vasseur F, Serafini N, Lim A, Azogui O, Decaluwe H, Guy-Grand D, Freitas AA, Di Santo JP, Rocha B. Microbiota stimulation generates LCMV-specific memory CD8 + T cells in SPF mice and determines their TCR repertoire during LCMV infection. Mol Immunol 2020; 124:125-141. [PMID: 32563081 DOI: 10.1016/j.molimm.2020.05.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2020] [Revised: 04/16/2020] [Accepted: 05/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Both mouse and human harbour memory phenotype CD8+ T cells specific for antigens in hosts that have not been previously exposed to these antigens. The origin and the nature of the stimuli responsible for generation of CD44hi CD8+ T cells in specific pathogen-free (SPF) mice remain controversial. It is known that microbiota plays a crucial role in the prevention and resolution of systemic infections by influencing myelopoiesis, regulating dendritic cells, inflammasome activation and promoting the production of type I and II interferons. By contrast, here we suggest that microbiota has a direct effect on generation of memory phenotype CD44hiGP33+CD8+ T cells. In SPF mice, it generates a novel GP33+CD44hiCD8+ T cell sub-population associating the properties of innate and genuine memory cells. These cells are highly enriched in the bone marrow, proliferate rapidly and express immediate effector functions. They dominate the response to LCMV and express particular TCRβ chains. The sequence of these selected TCRβ chains overlaps with that of GP33+CD8+ T cells directly selected by microbiota in the gut epithelium of SPF mice, demonstrating a common selection mechanism in gut and peripheral CD8+ T cell pool. Therefore microbiota has a direct role in priming T cell immunity in SPF mice and in the selection of TCRβ repertoires during systemic infection. We identify a mechanism that primes T cell immunity in SPF mice and may have a major role in colonization resistance and protection from infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pedro Gonçalves
- Population Biology Unit, CNRS URA 196, Institut Pasteur, Paris 75015, France; INSERM, U1151, CNRS, UMR8253, Institut Necker Enfants Malades, Université Paris Descartes, Paris 75015, France; Innate Immunity Unit, INSERM, U668, Institut Pasteur, Paris 75015, France.
| | - Sary El Daker
- Population Biology Unit, CNRS URA 196, Institut Pasteur, Paris 75015, France
| | - Florence Vasseur
- INSERM, U1151, CNRS, UMR8253, Institut Necker Enfants Malades, Université Paris Descartes, Paris 75015, France
| | - Nicolas Serafini
- Innate Immunity Unit, INSERM, U668, Institut Pasteur, Paris 75015, France; INSERM U1223, Paris 75015, France
| | | | - Orly Azogui
- INSERM, U1151, CNRS, UMR8253, Institut Necker Enfants Malades, Université Paris Descartes, Paris 75015, France
| | - Helene Decaluwe
- Population Biology Unit, CNRS URA 196, Institut Pasteur, Paris 75015, France
| | - Delphine Guy-Grand
- INSERM U1223, Paris 75015, France; Lymphopoiesis Unit, INSERM U668, University Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Cellule Pasteur, Institut Pasteur, Paris 75015, France
| | - Antonio A Freitas
- Population Biology Unit, CNRS URA 196, Institut Pasteur, Paris 75015, France
| | - James P Di Santo
- Innate Immunity Unit, INSERM, U668, Institut Pasteur, Paris 75015, France; INSERM U1223, Paris 75015, France
| | - Benedita Rocha
- Population Biology Unit, CNRS URA 196, Institut Pasteur, Paris 75015, France; INSERM, U1151, CNRS, UMR8253, Institut Necker Enfants Malades, Université Paris Descartes, Paris 75015, France.
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Barinov A, Galgano A, Krenn G, Tanchot C, Vasseur F, Rocha B. CD4/CD8/Dendritic cell complexes in the spleen: CD8+ T cells can directly bind CD4+ T cells and modulate their response. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0180644. [PMID: 28686740 PMCID: PMC5501581 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0180644] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2016] [Accepted: 06/19/2017] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
CD4+ T cell help to CD8+ T cell responses requires that CD4+ and CD8+ T cells interact with the same antigen presenting dendritic cell (Ag+DC), but it remains controversial whether helper signals are delivered indirectly through a licensed DC and/or involve direct CD4+/CD8+ T cell contacts and/or the formation of ternary complexes. We here describe the first in vivo imaging of the intact spleen, aiming to evaluate the first interactions between antigen-specific CD4+, CD8+ T cells and Ag+DCs. We show that in contrast to CD4+ T cells which form transient contacts with Ag+DC, CD8+ T cells form immediate stable contacts and activate the Ag+DC, acquire fragments of the DC membranes by trogocytosis, leading to their acquisition of some of the DC properties. They express MHC class II, and become able to present the specific Marilyn peptide to naïve Marilyn CD4+ T cells, inducing their extensive division. In vivo, these CD8+ T cells form direct stable contacts with motile naïve CD4+ T cells, recruiting them to Ag+DC binding and to the formation of ternary complexes, where CD4+ and CD8+ T cells interact with the DC and with one another. The presence of CD8+ T cells during in vivo immune responses leads to the early activation and up-regulation of multiple functions by CD4+ T lymphocytes. Thus, while CD4+ T cell help is important to CD8+ T cell responses, CD8+ T cells can interact directly with naïve CD4+ T cells impacting their recruitment and differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Alessia Galgano
- INSERM, U1020, Faculté de Médecine René Descartes, Paris, France
| | - Gerald Krenn
- INSERM, U1020, Faculté de Médecine René Descartes, Paris, France
| | - Corinne Tanchot
- INSERM, U970, Université Paris Descartes, Centre de recherche Cardiovasculaire à l’HEGP, Paris, France
| | - Florence Vasseur
- INSERM, U1020, Faculté de Médecine René Descartes, Paris, France
| | - Benedita Rocha
- INSERM, U1020, Faculté de Médecine René Descartes, Paris, France
- * E-mail:
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Gonçalves P, Ferrarini M, Molina-Paris C, Lythe G, Vasseur F, Lim A, Rocha B, Azogui O. A new mechanism shapes the naïve CD8 + T cell repertoire: the selection for full diversity. Mol Immunol 2017; 85:66-80. [PMID: 28212502 DOI: 10.1016/j.molimm.2017.01.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2016] [Revised: 01/16/2017] [Accepted: 01/28/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
During thymic T cell differentiation, TCR repertoires are shaped by negative, positive and agonist selection. In the thymus and in the periphery, repertoires are also shaped by strong inter-clonal and intra-clonal competition to survive death by neglect. Understanding the impact of these events on the T cell repertoire requires direct evaluation of TCR expression in peripheral naïve T cells. Several studies have evaluated TCR diversity, with contradictory results. Some of these studies had intrinsic technical limitations since they used material obtained from T cell pools, preventing the direct evaluation of clonal sizes. Indeed with these approaches, identical TCRs may correspond to different cells expressing the same receptor, or to several amplicons from the same T cell. We here overcame this limitation by evaluating TCRB expression in individual naïve CD8+ T cells. Of the 2269 Tcrb sequences we obtained from 13 mice, 99% were unique. Mathematical analysis of the data showed that the average number of naïve peripheral CD8+ T cells expressing the same TCRB is 1.1 cell. Since TCRA co-expression studies could only increase repertoire diversity, these results reveal that the number of naïve T cells with unique TCRs approaches the number of naïve cells. Since thymocytes undergo multiple rounds of divisions after TCRB rearrangement and 3-5% of thymocytes survive thymic selection events the number of cells expressing the same TCRB was expected to be much higher. Thus, these results suggest a new repertoire selection mechanism, which strongly selects for full TCRB diversity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pedro Gonçalves
- Lymphocyte Population Biology Unit, CNRS URA 196, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France; INSERM, U1151, CNRS, UMR8253, Faculté de Médecine Paris Descartes, Paris, France.
| | - Marco Ferrarini
- Department of Applied Mathematics, University of Leeds, Leeds LS29JT, UK
| | | | - Grant Lythe
- Department of Applied Mathematics, University of Leeds, Leeds LS29JT, UK
| | - Florence Vasseur
- Lymphocyte Population Biology Unit, CNRS URA 196, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France; INSERM, U1151, CNRS, UMR8253, Faculté de Médecine Paris Descartes, Paris, France
| | - Annik Lim
- Lymphocyte Population Biology Unit, CNRS URA 196, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
| | - Benedita Rocha
- Lymphocyte Population Biology Unit, CNRS URA 196, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France; INSERM, U1151, CNRS, UMR8253, Faculté de Médecine Paris Descartes, Paris, France.
| | - Orly Azogui
- INSERM, U1151, CNRS, UMR8253, Faculté de Médecine Paris Descartes, Paris, France
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Protein kinase Cθ controls type 2 innate lymphoid cell and T H2 responses to house dust mite allergen. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2016; 139:1650-1666. [PMID: 27746240 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2016.08.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2015] [Revised: 07/14/2016] [Accepted: 08/08/2016] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Protein kinase C (PKC) θ, a serine/threonine kinase, is involved in TH2 cell activation and proliferation. Type 2 innate lymphoid cells (ILC2s) resemble TH2 cells and produce the TH2 cytokines IL-5 and IL-13 but lack antigen-specific receptors. The mechanism by which PKC-θ drives innate immune cells to instruct TH2 responses in patients with allergic lung inflammation remains unknown. OBJECTIVES We hypothesized that PKC-θ contributes to ILC2 activation and might be necessary for ILC2s to instruct the TH2 response. METHODS PRKCQ gene expression was assessed in innate lymphoid cell subsets purified from human PBMCs and mouse lung ILC2s. ILC2 activation and eosinophil recruitment, TH2-related cytokine and chemokine production, lung histopathology, interferon regulatory factor 4 (IRF4) mRNA expression, and nuclear factor of activated T cells (NFAT1) protein expression were determined. Adoptive transfer of ILC2s from wild-type mice was performed in wild-type and PKC-θ-deficient (PKC-θ-/-) mice. RESULTS Here we report that PKC-θ is expressed in both human and mouse ILC2s. Mice lacking PKC-θ had reduced ILC2 numbers, TH2 cell numbers and activation, airway hyperresponsiveness, and expression of the transcription factors IRF4 and NFAT1. Importantly, adoptive transfer of ILC2s restored eosinophil influx and IL-4, IL-5 and IL-13 production in lung tissue, as well as TH2 cell activation. The pharmacologic PKC-θ inhibitor (Compound 20) administered during allergen challenge reduced ILC2 numbers and activation, as well as airway inflammation and IRF4 and NFAT1 expression. CONCLUSIONS Therefore our findings identify PKC-θ as a critical factor for ILC2 activation that contributes to TH2 cell differentiation, which is associated with IRF4 and NFAT1 expression in allergic lung inflammation.
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Bayarsaikhan G, Akbari M, Yui K, Amino R. Antigen-driven focal inflammatory death of malaria liver stages. Front Microbiol 2015; 6:47. [PMID: 25699034 PMCID: PMC4316770 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2015.00047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2014] [Accepted: 01/14/2015] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Multiple immunizations using live irradiated sporozoites, the infectious plasmodial stage delivered into the host skin during a mosquito bite, can elicit sterile immunity to malaria. CD8+ T cells seem to play an essential role in this protective immunity, since their depletion consistently abolishes sterilizing protection in several experimental models. So far, only a few parasite antigens are known to induce CD8+ T cell-dependent protection, but none of them can reach the levels of protection afforded by live attenuated parasites. Systematic attempts to identify novel antigens associated with this efficient cellular protection were so far unsuccessful. In addition, the precise mechanisms involved in the recognition and elimination of parasitized hepatocytes in vivo by CD8+ T cells still remain obscure. Recently, it has been shown that specific effector CD8+ T cells, after recognition of parasitized hepatocytes, recruit specific and non-specific activated CD8+ T cells to the site of infection, resulting in the formation of cellular clusters around and in the further elimination of intracellular parasites. The significance of this finding is discussed in the perspective of a general mechanism of antigen-dependent focalized inflammation and its consequences for the elimination of malaria liver stages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ganchimeg Bayarsaikhan
- Unité de Biologie et Génétique du Paludisme, Département Parasites et Insectes Vecteurs, Institut Pasteur , Paris, France ; Division of Immunology, Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki University , Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Masoud Akbari
- Division of Immunology, Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki University , Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Katsuyuki Yui
- Division of Immunology, Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki University , Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Rogerio Amino
- Unité de Biologie et Génétique du Paludisme, Département Parasites et Insectes Vecteurs, Institut Pasteur , Paris, France
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