1
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Sadeghi M, Mestivier D, Carbonnelle E, Benamouzig R, Khazaie K, Sobhani I. Loss of symbiotic and increase of virulent bacteria through microbial networks in Lynch syndrome colon carcinogenesis. Front Oncol 2024; 13:1313735. [PMID: 38375206 PMCID: PMC10876293 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2023.1313735] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2023] [Accepted: 12/14/2023] [Indexed: 02/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Purpose Through a pilot study, we performed whole gut metagenomic analysis in 17 Lynch syndrome (LS) families, including colorectal cancer (CRC) patients and their healthy first-degree relatives. In a second asymptomatic LS cohort (n=150) undergoing colonoscopy-screening program, individuals with early precancerous lesions were compared to those with a normal colonoscopy. Since bacteria are organized into different networks within the microbiota, we compared related network structures in patients and controls. Experimental design Fecal prokaryote DNA was extracted prior to colonoscopy for whole metagenome (n=34, pilot study) or 16s rRNA sequencing (validation study). We characterized bacteria taxonomy using Diamond/MEGAN6 and DADA2 pipelines and performed differential abundances using Shaman website. We constructed networks using SparCC inference tools and validated the construction's accuracy by performing qPCR on selected bacteria. Results Significant differences in bacterial communities in LS-CRC patients were identified, with an enrichment of virulent bacteria and a depletion of symbionts compared to their first-degree relatives. Bacteria taxa in LS asymptomatic individuals with colonic precancerous lesions (n=79) were significantly different compared to healthy individuals (n=71). The main bacterial network structures, constructed based on bacteria-bacteria correlations in CRC (pilot study) and in asymptomatic precancerous patients (validation-study), showed a different pattern than in controls. It was characterized by virulent/symbiotic co-exclusion in both studies and illustrated (validation study) by a higher Escherichia/Bifidobacterium ratio, as assessed by qPCR. Conclusion Enhanced fecal virulent/symbiotic bacteria ratios influence bacterial network structures. As an early event in colon carcinogenesis, these ratios can be used to identify asymptomatic LS individual with a higher risk of CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Sadeghi
- EA7375 –EC2M3: Early detection of Colonic Cancer by using Microbial & Molecular Markers Paris East Créteil University (UPEC), Créteil, France
| | - Denis Mestivier
- EA7375 –EC2M3: Early detection of Colonic Cancer by using Microbial & Molecular Markers Paris East Créteil University (UPEC), Créteil, France
| | - Etienne Carbonnelle
- Bacteriology, Virology, Hygiene Laboratory, Assistance Publique–Hôpitaux de Paris (APHP), Avicenne Hospital, Bobigny, France
| | - Robert Benamouzig
- Department of Gastroenterology, Assistance Publique–Hôpitaux de Paris (APHP), Avicenne Hospital, Bobigny, France
| | | | - Iradj Sobhani
- EA7375 –EC2M3: Early detection of Colonic Cancer by using Microbial & Molecular Markers Paris East Créteil University (UPEC), Créteil, France
- Department of Gastroenterology, Assistance Publique–Hôpitaux de Paris (APHP), Henri Mondor Hospital, Créteil, France
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2
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de Oliveira Alves N, Dalmasso G, Nikitina D, Vaysse A, Ruez R, Ledoux L, Pedron T, Bergsten E, Boulard O, Autier L, Allam S, Motreff L, Sauvanet P, Letourneur D, Kashyap P, Gagnière J, Pezet D, Godfraind C, Salzet M, Lemichez E, Bonnet M, Najjar I, Malabat C, Monot M, Mestivier D, Barnich N, Yadav P, Fournier I, Kennedy S, Mettouchi A, Bonnet R, Sobhani I, Chamaillard M. The colibactin-producing Escherichia coli alters the tumor microenvironment to immunosuppressive lipid overload facilitating colorectal cancer progression and chemoresistance. Gut Microbes 2024; 16:2320291. [PMID: 38417029 PMCID: PMC10903627 DOI: 10.1080/19490976.2024.2320291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2023] [Accepted: 02/14/2024] [Indexed: 03/01/2024] Open
Abstract
Intratumoral bacteria flexibly contribute to cellular and molecular tumor heterogeneity for supporting cancer recurrence through poorly understood mechanisms. Using spatial metabolomic profiling technologies and 16SrRNA sequencing, we herein report that right-sided colorectal tumors are predominantly populated with Colibactin-producing Escherichia coli (CoPEC) that are locally establishing a high-glycerophospholipid microenvironment with lowered immunogenicity. It coincided with a reduced infiltration of CD8+ T lymphocytes that produce the cytotoxic cytokines IFN-γ where invading bacteria have been geolocated. Mechanistically, the accumulation of lipid droplets in infected cancer cells relied on the production of colibactin as a measure to limit genotoxic stress to some extent. Such heightened phosphatidylcholine remodeling by the enzyme of the Land's cycle supplied CoPEC-infected cancer cells with sufficient energy for sustaining cell survival in response to chemotherapies. This accords with the lowered overall survival of colorectal patients at stage III-IV who were colonized by CoPEC when compared to patients at stage I-II. Accordingly, the sensitivity of CoPEC-infected cancer cells to chemotherapies was restored upon treatment with an acyl-CoA synthetase inhibitor. By contrast, such metabolic dysregulation leading to chemoresistance was not observed in human colon cancer cells that were infected with the mutant strain that did not produce colibactin (11G5∆ClbQ). This work revealed that CoPEC locally supports an energy trade-off lipid overload within tumors for lowering tumor immunogenicity. This may pave the way for improving chemoresistance and subsequently outcome of CRC patients who are colonized by CoPEC.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Guillaume Dalmasso
- Microbes, Intestin, Inflammation et Susceptibilité de l’Hôte (M2iSH), Centre de Recherche en Nutrition Humaine Auvergne, Université Clermont Auvergne, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Darja Nikitina
- CNRS, Institute Pasteur, Paris, France
- Laboratory of Clinical and Molecular Gastroenterology, Institute for Digestive Research, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Kaunas, Lithuania
| | - Amaury Vaysse
- Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, Bioinformatics and Biostatistics Hub, Plate-Forme Technologique Biomics, Paris, France
| | - Richard Ruez
- ONCOLille, INSERM, Phycell, University of Lille, Lille, France
| | - Lea Ledoux
- Réponse Inflammatoire et Spectrométrie de Masse-PRISM, University of Lille, Lille, France
| | | | - Emma Bergsten
- Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Olivier Boulard
- ONCOLille, INSERM, Phycell, University of Lille, Lille, France
| | - Lora Autier
- ONCOLille, INSERM, Phycell, University of Lille, Lille, France
| | - Sofian Allam
- ONCOLille, INSERM, Phycell, University of Lille, Lille, France
| | - Laurence Motreff
- Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, Bioinformatics and Biostatistics Hub, Plate-Forme Technologique Biomics, Paris, France
| | - Pierre Sauvanet
- Microbes, Intestin, Inflammation et Susceptibilité de l’Hôte (M2iSH), Centre de Recherche en Nutrition Humaine Auvergne, Université Clermont Auvergne, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | | | - Pragya Kashyap
- Department of Bioscience & Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology, Jodhpur, Rajasthan, India
| | - Johan Gagnière
- Microbes, Intestin, Inflammation et Susceptibilité de l’Hôte (M2iSH), Centre de Recherche en Nutrition Humaine Auvergne, Université Clermont Auvergne, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Denis Pezet
- Microbes, Intestin, Inflammation et Susceptibilité de l’Hôte (M2iSH), Centre de Recherche en Nutrition Humaine Auvergne, Université Clermont Auvergne, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Catherine Godfraind
- Microbes, Intestin, Inflammation et Susceptibilité de l’Hôte (M2iSH), Centre de Recherche en Nutrition Humaine Auvergne, Université Clermont Auvergne, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Michel Salzet
- Réponse Inflammatoire et Spectrométrie de Masse-PRISM, University of Lille, Lille, France
| | | | - Mathilde Bonnet
- Microbes, Intestin, Inflammation et Susceptibilité de l’Hôte (M2iSH), Centre de Recherche en Nutrition Humaine Auvergne, Université Clermont Auvergne, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Imène Najjar
- Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, Bioinformatics and Biostatistics Hub, Plate-Forme Technologique Biomics, Paris, France
| | - Christophe Malabat
- Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, Bioinformatics and Biostatistics Hub, Plate-Forme Technologique Biomics, Paris, France
| | - Marc Monot
- Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, Bioinformatics and Biostatistics Hub, Plate-Forme Technologique Biomics, Paris, France
| | | | - Nicolas Barnich
- Microbes, Intestin, Inflammation et Susceptibilité de l’Hôte (M2iSH), Centre de Recherche en Nutrition Humaine Auvergne, Université Clermont Auvergne, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Pankaj Yadav
- Department of Bioscience & Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology, Jodhpur, Rajasthan, India
| | - Isabelle Fournier
- Réponse Inflammatoire et Spectrométrie de Masse-PRISM, University of Lille, Lille, France
| | | | | | - Richard Bonnet
- Microbes, Intestin, Inflammation et Susceptibilité de l’Hôte (M2iSH), Centre de Recherche en Nutrition Humaine Auvergne, Université Clermont Auvergne, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Iradj Sobhani
- Université Paris Est Créteil, Créteil, France
- Service de Gastroentérologie CHU Henri Mondor, Assistance Publique des Hôpitaux de Paris-APHP, Créteil, France
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3
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Bergsten E, Mestivier D, Donnadieu F, Pedron T, Barau C, Meda LT, Mettouchi A, Lemichez E, Gorgette O, Chamaillard M, Vaysse A, Volant S, Doukani A, Sansonetti PJ, Sobhani I, Nigro G. Parvimonas micra, an oral pathobiont associated with colorectal cancer, epigenetically reprograms human colonocytes. Gut Microbes 2023; 15:2265138. [PMID: 37842920 PMCID: PMC10580862 DOI: 10.1080/19490976.2023.2265138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2023] [Accepted: 09/20/2023] [Indexed: 10/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Recently, an intestinal dysbiotic microbiota with enrichment in oral cavity bacteria has been described in colorectal cancer (CRC) patients. Here, we characterize and investigate one of these oral pathobionts, the Gram-positive anaerobic coccus Parvimonas micra. We identified two phylotypes (A and B) exhibiting different phenotypes and adhesion capabilities. We observed a strong association of phylotype A with CRC, with its higher abundance in feces and in tumoral tissue compared with the normal homologous colonic mucosa, which was associated with a distinct methylation status of patients. By developing an in vitro hypoxic co-culture system of human primary colonic cells with anaerobic bacteria, we show that P. micra phylotype A alters the DNA methylation profile promoters of key tumor-suppressor genes, oncogenes, and genes involved in epithelial-mesenchymal transition. In colonic mucosa of CRC patients carrying P. micra phylotype A, we found similar DNA methylation alterations, together with significant enrichment of differentially expressed genes in pathways involved in inflammation, cell adhesion, and regulation of actin cytoskeleton, providing evidence of P. micra's possible role in the carcinogenic process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emma Bergsten
- Unité de Pathogénie Microbienne Moléculaire, INSERM U1202, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
- Équipe universitaire EC2M3-EA7375, Université Paris- Est (UPEC), Créteil, France
| | - Denis Mestivier
- Équipe universitaire EC2M3-EA7375, Université Paris- Est (UPEC), Créteil, France
- Plateforme de Bio-informatique, Institut Mondor de Recherche Biomédicale (IMRB/INSERM U955), Université Paris-Est, Créteil, France
| | - Francoise Donnadieu
- Unité de Pathogénie Microbienne Moléculaire, INSERM U1202, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
| | - Thierry Pedron
- Unité de Pathogénie Microbienne Moléculaire, INSERM U1202, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
- Unité Bactériophage, Bactérie, Hôte, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
| | - Caroline Barau
- Plateforme de Ressources Biologiques, CHU Henri Mondor Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris (APHP), Créteil, France
| | - Landry Tsoumtsa Meda
- Unité des Toxines Bactériennes, Université Paris Cité, CNRS UMR6047, INSERM U1306, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
| | - Amel Mettouchi
- Unité des Toxines Bactériennes, Université Paris Cité, CNRS UMR6047, INSERM U1306, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
| | - Emmanuel Lemichez
- Unité des Toxines Bactériennes, Université Paris Cité, CNRS UMR6047, INSERM U1306, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
| | - Olivier Gorgette
- Plateforme de Bio-Imagerie Ultrastructurale, Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Mathias Chamaillard
- Laboratory of Cell Physiology, INSERM U1003, University of Lille, Lille, France
| | - Amaury Vaysse
- Bioinformatics and Biostatistics Hub, Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Stevenn Volant
- Bioinformatics and Biostatistics Hub, Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Abiba Doukani
- Sorbonne Université, Inserm, Unité Mixte de Service Production et Analyse de données en Sciences de la Vie et en Santé, Paris, France
| | - Philippe J. Sansonetti
- Unité de Pathogénie Microbienne Moléculaire, INSERM U1202, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
- Chaire de Microbiologie et Maladies Infectieuses, Collège de France, Paris, France
| | - Iradj Sobhani
- Équipe universitaire EC2M3-EA7375, Université Paris- Est (UPEC), Créteil, France
- Service de Gastroentérologie, CHU Henri Mondor Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris (APHP), Créteil, France
| | - Giulia Nigro
- Unité de Pathogénie Microbienne Moléculaire, INSERM U1202, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
- Microenvironment and Immunity Unit, INSERM U1224, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
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4
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Lauka L, Sobhani I, Brunetti F, Mestivier D, de’Angelis N. Human Colonic Microbiota and Short-Term Postoperative Outcomes in Colorectal Cancer Patients: A Pilot Study. Microorganisms 2021; 10:microorganisms10010041. [PMID: 35056490 PMCID: PMC8779772 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms10010041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2021] [Revised: 12/22/2021] [Accepted: 12/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite the advances in surgical techniques and perioperative care, the complication rates after colorectal cancer surgery have remained stable. Recently, it has been suggested that colon microbiota may be implicated in several pathways that can lead to impaired colonic homeostasis and, thereby, to the development of complications after colorectal surgery. The aim of this study was to evaluate the potential impact of colonic dysbiosis on postoperative course. This prospective human clinical study recruited patients operated on for left colon, sigmoid colon or rectal cancer. Colon mucosa and fecal samples were collected to study mucosa associated microbiota (MAM) and luminal microbiota (LM), accordingly. Preliminary analysis for the first 25 consecutive patients with V3–V4 16S rRNA metagenomic analysis was performed. Bacterial composition and abundance in patients who developed postoperative complications over a 90-day follow-up period were compared to those without postoperative complications. Abundance and distribution of genera in MAM differed significantly when compared to LM with a significant impact on neoadjuvant therapy on bacterial composition. Preliminary analysis revealed no statistically significant differences in LM nor in MAM composition when individuals with and without postoperative surgical complications were compared. In cases of postoperative complications, LM and MAM showed significantly decreased diversity. Composition of the colonic microbiota is altered by neoadjuvant therapy. Results on the impact of colonic dysbiosis on postoperative complications are pending the end of the present study, with 50 patients enrolled.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lelde Lauka
- Department of Digestive and Hepatobiliary Surgery, APHP-Henri Mondor University Hospital, 94000 Creteil, France; (F.B.); (N.d.)
- EC2M-EA7375 Research Team, Henri Modor Campus, Paris East University, 94000 Creteil, France;
- Correspondence: (L.L.); (I.S.); Tel.: +33-6129-63749 (L.L.); +33-6163-42062 (I.S.)
| | - Iradj Sobhani
- EC2M-EA7375 Research Team, Henri Modor Campus, Paris East University, 94000 Creteil, France;
- Department of Gastroenterology, APHP-Henri Mondor University Hospital, 94000 Creteil, France
- Correspondence: (L.L.); (I.S.); Tel.: +33-6129-63749 (L.L.); +33-6163-42062 (I.S.)
| | - Francesco Brunetti
- Department of Digestive and Hepatobiliary Surgery, APHP-Henri Mondor University Hospital, 94000 Creteil, France; (F.B.); (N.d.)
| | - Denis Mestivier
- EC2M-EA7375 Research Team, Henri Modor Campus, Paris East University, 94000 Creteil, France;
| | - Nicola de’Angelis
- Department of Digestive and Hepatobiliary Surgery, APHP-Henri Mondor University Hospital, 94000 Creteil, France; (F.B.); (N.d.)
- EC2M-EA7375 Research Team, Henri Modor Campus, Paris East University, 94000 Creteil, France;
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5
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Sobhani I, Bergsten E, Charpy C, Chamaillard M, Mestivier D. Virulent Bacteria as Inflammatory and Immune Co-Factor in Colon Carcinogenesis: Evidence From Two Monozygotic Patients and Validation in CRC Patient and Healthy Cohorts. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2021; 11:749750. [PMID: 34804993 PMCID: PMC8600479 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2021.749750] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2021] [Accepted: 09/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Colorectal carcinoma (CRC) is a common disease, the incidence of which is increasing according to Western lifestyle; it remains to have a poor prognosis. Western nutriments are presumed to induce mild inflammation within the colonic mucosa, resulting in the accumulation of DNA alterations in colonocytes through a multistage carcinogenesis process. This suggests that most CRCs are related to the environment. Of interest, fecal microbiota composition has been shown yielding a novel approach regarding how environment changes may impact health and disease. Here, we compare whole shotgun metagenomic gut microbiota of two monozygotic twin sisters, one of whom is suffering from an advance colorectal tumor with a profound disequilibrium of the composition of the gut microbiota due to the overexpression of virulent bacteria such as E. coli, Shigella, and Clostridium species in the colon cancer patient’s feces contrasting with low levels of bacterial species such as Faecalibacterium and Akkermansia usually enriched in the healthy adults’ microbial flora. The disequilibrium in microbiota of the CRC patient’s feces as compared to her monozygotic twin sister is linked to inflammatory and immune cell infiltrates in the patient’s colonic tissue. We speculate on the role of microbiota disequilibrium on the immune-tolerant cell infiltrate within CRCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iradj Sobhani
- EC2M3-EA7375, Research Team, Université Paris Est Creteil-UPEC, Paris and Creteil, France.,Department of Gastroenterology, Henri Mondor Hospital, Assistance Publique Hopitaux de Paris (APHP), Paris and Creteil, France.,Oncomix, Bacterial Toxins Unit Department of Microbiology- Institut Pasteur de Paris-France, Paris and Creteil, France
| | - Emma Bergsten
- EC2M3-EA7375, Research Team, Université Paris Est Creteil-UPEC, Paris and Creteil, France
| | - Cecile Charpy
- Department of Pathology Henri Mondor Hospital, Assistance Publique Hopitaux de Paris (APHP), Paris and Creteil, France
| | | | - Denis Mestivier
- EC2M3-EA7375, Research Team, Université Paris Est Creteil-UPEC, Paris and Creteil, France.,Bioinformatic Platform Institut de Recherche, Créteil, France
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6
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Bergsten E, Mestivier D, Sobhani I. The Limits and Avoidance of Biases in Metagenomic Analyses of Human Fecal Microbiota. Microorganisms 2020; 8:microorganisms8121954. [PMID: 33317070 PMCID: PMC7764459 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms8121954] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2020] [Revised: 12/04/2020] [Accepted: 12/07/2020] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
An increasing body of evidence highlights the role of fecal microbiota in various human diseases. However, more than two-thirds of fecal bacteria cannot be cultivated by routine laboratory techniques. Thus, physicians and scientists use DNA sequencing and statistical tools to identify associations between bacterial subgroup abundances and disease. However, discrepancies between studies weaken these results. In the present study, we focus on biases that might account for these discrepancies. First, three different DNA extraction methods (G’NOME, QIAGEN, and PROMEGA) were compared with regard to their efficiency, i.e., the quality and quantity of DNA recovered from feces of 10 healthy volunteers. Then, the impact of the DNA extraction method on the bacteria identification and quantification was evaluated using our published cohort of sample subjected to both 16S rRNA sequencing and whole metagenome sequencing (WMS). WMS taxonomical assignation employed the universal marker genes profiler mOTU-v2, which is considered the gold standard. The three standard pipelines for 16S RNA analysis (MALT and MEGAN6, QIIME1, and DADA2) were applied for comparison. Taken together, our results indicate that the G’NOME-based method was optimal in terms of quantity and quality of DNA extracts. 16S rRNA sequence-based identification of abundant bacteria genera showed acceptable congruence with WMS sequencing, with the DADA2 pipeline yielding the highest congruent levels. However, for low abundance genera (<0.5% of the total abundance) two pipelines and/or validation by quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) or WMS are required. Hence, 16S rRNA sequencing for bacteria identification and quantification in clinical and translational studies should be limited to diagnostic purposes in well-characterized and abundant genera. Additional techniques are warranted for low abundant genera, such as WMS, qPCR, or the use of two bio-informatics pipelines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emma Bergsten
- EA7375 (EC2M3 Research Team), Université Paris Est, 94010 Créteil, France; (E.B.); (D.M.)
| | - Denis Mestivier
- EA7375 (EC2M3 Research Team), Université Paris Est, 94010 Créteil, France; (E.B.); (D.M.)
- Bioinformatics Core Facility, Institut Mondor de Recherche Biomédicale, UMR 955—Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale—UPEC, 94010 Créteil, France
| | - Iradj Sobhani
- EA7375 (EC2M3 Research Team), Université Paris Est, 94010 Créteil, France; (E.B.); (D.M.)
- Service de Gastroenterologie, Hôpital Henri Mondor, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, 94010 Créteil, France
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +33-149814358
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7
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Puiffe ML, Dupont A, Sako N, Gatineau J, Cohen JL, Mestivier D, Lebon A, Prévost-Blondel A, Castellano F, Molinier-Frenkel V. IL4I1 Accelerates the Expansion of Effector CD8 + T Cells at the Expense of Memory Precursors by Increasing the Threshold of T-Cell Activation. Front Immunol 2020; 11:600012. [PMID: 33343572 PMCID: PMC7746639 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.600012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2020] [Accepted: 11/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
IL4I1 is an immunoregulatory enzyme that inhibits CD8 T-cell proliferation in vitro and in the tumoral context. Here, we dissected the effect of IL4I1 on CD8 T-cell priming by studying the differentiation of a transgenic CD8 T-cell clone and the endogenous repertoire in a mouse model of acute lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus (LCMV) infection. Unexpectedly, we show that IL4I1 accelerates the expansion of functional effector CD8 T cells during the first several days after infection and increases the average affinity of the elicited repertoire, supporting more efficient LCMV clearance in WT mice than IL4I1-deficient mice. Conversely, IL4I1 restrains the differentiation of CD8 T-cells into long-lived memory precursors and favors the memory response to the most immunodominant peptides. IL4I1 expression does not affect the phenotype or antigen-presenting functions of dendritic cells (DCs), but directly reduces the stability of T-DC immune synapses in vitro, thus dampening T-cell activation. Overall, our results support a model in which IL4I1 increases the threshold of T-cell activation, indirectly promoting the priming of high-affinity clones while limiting memory T-cell differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie-Line Puiffe
- Virus-Immunity-Cancer Department, Institut Mondor de Recherche Biomédicale (IMRB), INSERM U955, Université Paris-Est Créteil, Créteil, France
| | - Aurélie Dupont
- Virus-Immunity-Cancer Department, Institut Mondor de Recherche Biomédicale (IMRB), INSERM U955, Université Paris-Est Créteil, Créteil, France
| | - Nouhoum Sako
- Virus-Immunity-Cancer Department, Institut Mondor de Recherche Biomédicale (IMRB), INSERM U955, Université Paris-Est Créteil, Créteil, France
| | - Jérôme Gatineau
- Virus-Immunity-Cancer Department, Institut Mondor de Recherche Biomédicale (IMRB), INSERM U955, Université Paris-Est Créteil, Créteil, France
| | - José L Cohen
- Virus-Immunity-Cancer Department, Institut Mondor de Recherche Biomédicale (IMRB), INSERM U955, Université Paris-Est Créteil, Créteil, France
| | - Denis Mestivier
- Bioinformatics Core Laboratory, Institut Mondor de Recherche Biomédicale (IMRB), INSERM U955, Université Paris-Est Créteil, Créteil, France
| | - Agnès Lebon
- INSERM U1016, CNRS UMR8104, Institut Cochin, Université de Paris, Paris, France
| | | | - Flavia Castellano
- Virus-Immunity-Cancer Department, Institut Mondor de Recherche Biomédicale (IMRB), INSERM U955, Université Paris-Est Créteil, Créteil, France.,Pathobiology Department, Groupe Hospitalo-Universitaire Chenevier-Mondor, AP-HP, Créteil, France
| | - Valérie Molinier-Frenkel
- Virus-Immunity-Cancer Department, Institut Mondor de Recherche Biomédicale (IMRB), INSERM U955, Université Paris-Est Créteil, Créteil, France.,Pathobiology Department, Groupe Hospitalo-Universitaire Chenevier-Mondor, AP-HP, Créteil, France
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8
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Bergsten E, Mestivier D, Amiot A, DeAngelis N, Khazaie K, Sobhani I. Immune tolerance to colon cancer is mediated by colon dysbiosis: Human results and experimental In Vivo validation. J Clin Oncol 2020. [DOI: 10.1200/jco.2020.38.15_suppl.e16062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
e16062 Background: Lynch syndrome (Ly) but not Sporadic (Sp) CRC patients are responsive to immunotherapies. We have shown micorbiota from CRC patients induces precancerous colonic lesions in germ-free mice. The aim was to investigate microbiota linked compromised anti tumor immune response. Methods: We compared 1) Whole metagenomic fecal microbiotas of CRC patients [Sp, n = 53+Ly, n = 19] to controls (n = 90) or being first degree relatives of Ly patients (n = 14), respectively; 2) Tumoral to normal mucosa-adherent microbiota (16sRNA sequences); 3) Normal to tumoral tissues’ mRNA RT-PCRs of IL1b, IL4, IL6, IL8, IL17, TNFa, TGFb, FasL, Granzyme A&B, Thy1; 4) CD3, CD4, CD8, Granzym, KL1, FoxP3, RORgT, MastCell, cells in tumor tissues quantified by immunohistochemistry (IHC), between subgroups. Associations between bacteria, tissue immune cell infiltrates and clinical data (3-yrs follow up or death) were established by using unsupervised Systems Biology and Bioinformatics analyses (Institut Pasteur Shaman platform and Qlucor program). Anti tumoral immune response links with bacteria were based on differences between Ly and Sp CRC patients. Tumor tolerance links with bacteria were identified using germ-free mice (n = 185) who orally received microbiota (9 Sp CRC patients vs 9 controls) with colonic mucosa examined 3 months after human fecal transfer (whole exome sequencing, methylchips, IHC for CD3, CD11b, FoxP3, RORgT, ILC3). Results: Enrichment in Peptostreptococcus, Thermodesulfovibrio and diminution in Ruminococcus, Eubacterium, Coprococcus were linked with FoxP3 and IL-17 over expressions in tumor tissues. Enrichment in Escherichia, Enterobacter, Thioalkalimicrobium, and diminution in Eubacterium, Faecalibacterium and Butyrovibrio were associated with higher FoxP3, FasL, Granzyms A&B, Perforin, Thy1 mRNAs/mRNACD3. Diminution of Eubacterium, Dorea, Faecalibacterium genera and enrichment in Fusobacterium, E. Coli/Shigella were associated with higher CD3, FoxP3, GranzymA and B and FOXP3-RORgT cells in tumor tissues. Higher fecal enrichments in oral bacteria (parvimonas micra) and lack of Thermodesulfovibrio enrichment were associated with higher FoxP3-RORgt cells and short survival; in mice ILC3 and FoxP3-RORgT cells were linked with Sp CRC dysbiosis. Species linked with immunotolerance are identified. Conclusions: Fecal and tissue microbiota can impact failure of anti tumoral immune response in sporadic CRC patients by enhancing overexpression of IL-17 and reducing cytotoxic T-cell infiltration in tumors. Clinical trial information: NCT01270360 .
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Caburet S, Anttonen M, Todeschini AL, Unkila-Kallio L, Mestivier D, Butzow R, Veitia RA. Combined comparative genomic hybridization and transcriptomic analyses of ovarian granulosa cell tumors point to novel candidate driver genes. BMC Cancer 2015; 15:251. [PMID: 25884336 PMCID: PMC4407711 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-015-1283-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2014] [Accepted: 03/27/2015] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Ovarian granulosa cell tumors (GCTs) are the most frequent sex cord-stromal tumors. Several studies have shown that a somatic mutation leading to a C134W substitution in the transcription factor FOXL2 appears in more than 95% of adult-type GCTs. Its pervasive presence suggests that FOXL2 is the main cancer driver gene. However, other mutations and genomic changes might also contribute to tumor formation and/or progression. Methods We have performed a combined comparative genomic hybridization and transcriptomic analyses of 10 adult-type GCTs to obtain a picture of the genomic landscape of this cancer type and to identify new candidate co-driver genes. Results Our results, along with a review of previous molecular studies, show the existence of highly recurrent chromosomal imbalances (especially, trisomy 14 and monosomy 22) and preferential co-occurrences (i.e. trisomy 14/monosomy 22 and trisomy 7/monosomy 16q). In-depth analyses showed the presence of recurrently broken, amplified/duplicated or deleted genes. Many of these genes, such as AKT1, RUNX1 and LIMA1, are known to be involved in cancer and related processes. Further genomic explorations suggest that they are functionally related. Conclusions Our combined analysis identifies potential candidate genes, whose alterations might contribute to adult-type GCT formation/progression together with the recurrent FOXL2 somatic mutation. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12885-015-1283-0) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandrine Caburet
- Institut Jacques Monod, Paris, France. .,Université Paris Diderot/Paris, Paris, France. .,Université Paris-Diderot & Institut Jacques Monod, CNRS-UMR 7592, Bâtiment Buffon, 15 Rue Hélène Brion, Paris, Cedex 13, France.
| | - Mikko Anttonen
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Central Hospital, Helsinki, Finland. .,Children's Hospital, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Central Hospital, Helsinki, Finland.
| | - Anne-Laure Todeschini
- Institut Jacques Monod, Paris, France. .,Université Paris Diderot/Paris, Paris, France.
| | - Leila Unkila-Kallio
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Central Hospital, Helsinki, Finland.
| | - Denis Mestivier
- Institut Jacques Monod, Paris, France. .,Université Paris Diderot/Paris, Paris, France.
| | - Ralf Butzow
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Central Hospital, Helsinki, Finland. .,Department of pathology, University of Helsinki, and HUSLAB, Helsinki University Central Hospital, Helsinki, Finland.
| | - Reiner A Veitia
- Institut Jacques Monod, Paris, France. .,Université Paris Diderot/Paris, Paris, France. .,Université Paris-Diderot & Institut Jacques Monod, CNRS-UMR 7592, Bâtiment Buffon, 15 Rue Hélène Brion, Paris, Cedex 13, France.
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Cansell C, Castel J, Denis RGP, Rouch C, Delbes AS, Martinez S, Mestivier D, Finan B, Maldonado-Aviles JG, Rijnsburger M, Tschöp MH, DiLeone RJ, Eckel RH, la Fleur SE, Magnan C, Hnasko TS, Luquet S. Dietary triglycerides act on mesolimbic structures to regulate the rewarding and motivational aspects of feeding. Mol Psychiatry 2014; 19:1095-105. [PMID: 24732670 PMCID: PMC4303340 DOI: 10.1038/mp.2014.31] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2013] [Revised: 02/25/2014] [Accepted: 02/26/2014] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Circulating triglycerides (TGs) normally increase after a meal but are altered in pathophysiological conditions, such as obesity. Although TG metabolism in the brain remains poorly understood, several brain structures express enzymes that process TG-enriched particles, including mesolimbic structures. For this reason, and because consumption of high-fat diet alters dopamine signaling, we tested the hypothesis that TG might directly target mesolimbic reward circuits to control reward-seeking behaviors. We found that the delivery of small amounts of TG to the brain through the carotid artery rapidly reduced both spontaneous and amphetamine-induced locomotion, abolished preference for palatable food and reduced the motivation to engage in food-seeking behavior. Conversely, targeted disruption of the TG-hydrolyzing enzyme lipoprotein lipase specifically in the nucleus accumbens increased palatable food preference and food-seeking behavior. Finally, prolonged TG perfusion resulted in a return to normal palatable food preference despite continued locomotor suppression, suggesting that adaptive mechanisms occur. These findings reveal new mechanisms by which dietary fat may alter mesolimbic circuit function and reward seeking.
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Affiliation(s)
- Céline Cansell
- Univ Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Unité de Biologie Fonctionnelle et Adaptative, CNRS UMR 8251, F-75205 Paris, France
| | - Julien Castel
- Univ Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Unité de Biologie Fonctionnelle et Adaptative, CNRS UMR 8251, F-75205 Paris, France
| | - Raphaël G. P. Denis
- Univ Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Unité de Biologie Fonctionnelle et Adaptative, CNRS UMR 8251, F-75205 Paris, France
| | - Claude Rouch
- Univ Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Unité de Biologie Fonctionnelle et Adaptative, CNRS UMR 8251, F-75205 Paris, France
| | - Anne-Sophie Delbes
- Univ Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Unité de Biologie Fonctionnelle et Adaptative, CNRS UMR 8251, F-75205 Paris, France
| | - Sarah Martinez
- Univ Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Unité de Biologie Fonctionnelle et Adaptative, CNRS UMR 8251, F-75205 Paris, France
| | - Denis Mestivier
- Université Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Institut Jacques Monod, Paris, France
| | - Brian Finan
- Helmholtz Diabetes Center, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, München/Neuherberg, Germany
| | | | - Merel Rijnsburger
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Matthias H. Tschöp
- Helmholtz Diabetes Center, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, München/Neuherberg, Germany,Div. of Metabolic Diseases, Dept. of Medicine, Technische Universität München, Germany
| | - Ralph J. DiLeone
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Robert H. Eckel
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Diabetes, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora CO, USA
| | - Susanne E. la Fleur
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Christophe Magnan
- Univ Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Unité de Biologie Fonctionnelle et Adaptative, CNRS UMR 8251, F-75205 Paris, France
| | - Thomas S. Hnasko
- Department of Neurosciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla CA, USA
| | - Serge Luquet
- Univ Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Unité de Biologie Fonctionnelle et Adaptative, CNRS UMR 8251, F-75205 Paris, France
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Laouirem S, Le Faouder J, Alexandrov T, Mestivier D, Léger T, Baudin X, Mebarki M, Paradis V, Camadro JM, Bedossa P. Progression from cirrhosis to cancer is associated with early ubiquitin post-translational modifications: identification of new biomarkers of cirrhosis at risk of malignancy. J Pathol 2014; 234:452-63. [DOI: 10.1002/path.4398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2014] [Revised: 06/03/2014] [Accepted: 06/25/2014] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Samira Laouirem
- INSERM U773; Université Paris-Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité; Paris France
| | - Julie Le Faouder
- INSERM U773; Université Paris-Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité; Paris France
| | - Theodore Alexandrov
- Center for Industrial Mathematics; University of Bremen; Bremen 28359 Germany
- Steinbeis Innovation Center SCiLS Research; Richard-Dehmel-Strasse 69 28211 Bremen Germany
- SCiLS GmbH; Fahrenheitstrasse 1 28359 Bremen Germany
- Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences; University of California San Diego; 9500 Gilman Drive La Jolla CA 92093 USA
| | - Denis Mestivier
- ‘Modeling in Integrative Biology’ Group, Jacques Monod Institute; UMR7592 CNRS - Université Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité; 15 Rue Hélène Brion 75013 Paris France
| | - Thibaut Léger
- Structural and Functional Mass Spectrometry Facility; Jacques Monod Institute, UMR7592 CNRS - Université Paris Diderot; Sorbonne Paris Cité, 15 Rue Hélène Brion 75013 Paris France
| | - Xavier Baudin
- ImagoSeine Facility, Jacques Monod Institute; UMR7592 CNRS - Université Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité; 15 Rue Hélène Brion 75013 Paris France
| | - Mouniya Mebarki
- INSERM U773; Université Paris-Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité; Paris France
| | - Valérie Paradis
- INSERM U773; Université Paris-Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité; Paris France
- Pathology Department, Beaujon Hospital; Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris; Clichy France
| | - Jean-Michel Camadro
- Structural and Functional Mass Spectrometry Facility; Jacques Monod Institute, UMR7592 CNRS - Université Paris Diderot; Sorbonne Paris Cité, 15 Rue Hélène Brion 75013 Paris France
- ‘Mitochondria, Metals and Oxidative Stress’ Group, Jacques Monod Institute; UMR7592 CNRS - Université Paris Diderot; Sorbonne Paris Cité, 15 Rue Hélène Brion 75013 Paris France
| | - Pierre Bedossa
- INSERM U773; Université Paris-Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité; Paris France
- Pathology Department, Beaujon Hospital; Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris; Clichy France
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12
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Achcar F, Camadro JM, Mestivier D. A Boolean probabilistic model of metabolic adaptation to oxygen in relation to iron homeostasis and oxidative stress. BMC Syst Biol 2011; 5:51. [PMID: 21489274 PMCID: PMC3094212 DOI: 10.1186/1752-0509-5-51] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2010] [Accepted: 04/13/2011] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Background In aerobically grown cells, iron homeostasis and oxidative stress are tightly linked processes implicated in a growing number of diseases. The deregulation of iron homeostasis due to gene defects or environmental stresses leads to a wide range of diseases with consequences for cellular metabolism that remain poorly understood. The modelling of iron homeostasis in relation to the main features of metabolism, energy production and oxidative stress may provide new clues to the ways in which changes in biological processes in a normal cell lead to disease. Results Using a methodology based on probabilistic Boolean modelling, we constructed the first model of yeast iron homeostasis including oxygen-related reactions in the frame of central metabolism. The resulting model of 642 elements and 1007 reactions was validated by comparing simulations with a large body of experimental results (147 phenotypes and 11 metabolic flux experiments). We removed every gene, thus generating in silico mutants. The simulations of the different mutants gave rise to a remarkably accurate qualitative description of most of the experimental phenotype (overall consistency > 91.5%). A second validation involved analysing the anaerobiosis to aerobiosis transition. Therefore, we compared the simulations of our model with different levels of oxygen to experimental metabolic flux data. The simulations reproducted accurately ten out of the eleven metabolic fluxes. We show here that our probabilistic Boolean modelling strategy provides a useful description of the dynamics of a complex biological system. A clustering analysis of the simulations of all in silico mutations led to the identification of clear phenotypic profiles, thus providing new insights into some metabolic response to stress conditions. Finally, the model was also used to explore several new hypothesis in order to better understand some unexpected phenotypes in given mutants. Conclusions All these results show that this model, and the underlying modelling strategy, are powerful tools for improving our understanding of complex biological problems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fiona Achcar
- Modelling in Integrative Biology, Institut Jacques Monod - UMR7592 - CNRS - Univ. Paris-Diderot, Paris, France
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13
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Richard Y, Amiel C, Jeantils V, Mestivier D, Portier A, Dhello G, Feuillard J, Creidy R, Nicolas J, Raphael M. Changes in Blood B Cell Phenotypes and Epstein‐Barr Virus Load in Chronically Human Immunodeficiency Virus–Infected Patients before and after Antiretroviral Therapy. J Infect Dis 2010; 202:1424-34. [DOI: 10.1086/656479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
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Abstract
Recently, several theoretical and applied studies have shown that unsupervised Bayesian classification systems are of particular relevance for biological studies. However, these systems have not yet fully reached the biological community mainly because there are few freely available dedicated computer programs, and Bayesian clustering algorithms are known to be time consuming, which limits their usefulness when using personal computers. To overcome these limitations, we developed AutoClass@IJM, a computational resource with a web interface to AutoClass, a powerful unsupervised Bayesian classification system developed by the Ames Research Center at N.A.S.A. AutoClass has many powerful features with broad applications in biological sciences: (i) it determines the number of classes automatically, (ii) it allows the user to mix discrete and real valued data, (iii) it handles missing values. End users upload their data sets through our web interface; computations are then queued in our cluster server. When the clustering is completed, an URL to the results is sent back to the user by e-mail. AutoClass@IJM is freely available at: http://ytat2.ijm.univ-paris-diderot.fr/AutoclassAtIJM.html.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fiona Achcar
- Modeling in Integrative Biology Group, Jacques Monod Institute, UMR7592 CNRS and Univ Paris-Diderot, Bâtiment Buffon, 15 rue Hélène Brion, 75205 Paris Cedex 13, France
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15
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Combes A, Choi SJ, Pimentel C, Darbon H, Waidelich D, Mestivier D, Camadro JM. Determination with matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization tandem time-of-flight mass spectrometry of the extensive disulfide bonding in tarantula venom peptide Psalmopeotoxin I. Eur J Mass Spectrom (Chichester) 2009; 15:517-529. [PMID: 19661560 DOI: 10.1255/ejms.1000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Psalmopeotoxin I (PcFK1) is a 33-residue peptide isolated from the venom of the tarantula Psalmopoeus cambridgei. This peptide specifically inhibits the intra-erythrocyte stage of Plasmodium falciparum in vitro. It contains six cysteine residues forming three disulfide bridges and belongs to the superfamily of natural peptides containing the inhibitor cystine knot (ICK) fold. We produced the wild-type and mutated forms of the recombinant peptide to examine the mechanism of action of PcFK1. The purified toxins were consistently produced as two isobaric peptides (r-PcFK1-1 and r-PcFK1-2) with different retention properties but identical anti-plasmodial -biological activity. Comparison of (15)N-NMR heteronuclear single quantum correlation spectra revealed that although rPcFK1-1 was highly structured, rPcFK1-2 does not have a stable three-dimensional structure. We used high-energy collision-induced fragmentation of the peptides with a matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization tandem time-of- flight mass spectrometer to further investigate the structure of the native peptides in its natural form and produced in E. coli. The fragmentation spectra of the native peptides were very complex due to the occurrence in the spectrum of ions resulting from (1) cross-linking of fragments through a disulfide bridge and (2) asymmetric fragmentations of the disulfide bridges and (3) multiple neutral losses. The tandem mass spectrometry fragmentation pattern of r-PcFK1-1 was similar to that of the natural peptide isolated from crude venom, but r-PcFK1-2 had a clearly distinct fragmentation pattern, more closely resembling the fragmentation spectra of reduced and alkylated peptides. Observed ions could be attributed to specific fragments by comparing spectra between the wild-type and selected variants with point mutations (Y11W, R20T, Y26W, K28V). The disulfide connections in r-PcFK1-2 differed from those of the native peptide and showed a rare disulfide bridge between vicinal cysteine residues. The r-PcFK1_(R20T) variant showed a very limited fragmentation pattern when analyzed in positive mode but displayed much more fragmentation in negative mode pointing out the importance of the R20 residue in the fragmentation of PcFK1. Using the reductive matrix 1,5-diaminonaphtalene promoted strongly in source decay fragmentation of the peptides in MS mode. Our findings illustrated the critical role of the electronic environment around the central Cys(18)-Cys(19) doublet in PcFK1 in internal fragmentation of the peptide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Audrey Combes
- Protein Engineering and Metabolic Control, Molecular and Cellular Pathology Program, Jacques Monod Institute, UMR7592,-CNRS-Université Paris Diderot, 15 rue Hélène Brion, 75205, Paris Cedex 13, France
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16
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Pakdaman K, Kauffmann A, Mestivier D. Excitability of the Clay model for squid giant axon. Biosystems 2003; 71:157-67. [PMID: 14568216 DOI: 10.1016/s0303-2647(03)00123-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
The squid giant axon is the canonical experimental membrane prototype for the study of action potential generation. This work is concerned with Clay's model for this preparation, which implements the nonlinear dependence of sodium and potassium currents on voltage, a multicompartmental description of sodium channel kinetics that takes into account the dependence between activation and inactivation, revised potassium activation function, and potassium accumulation in the axoplasm and its uptake by glial cells. This model accounts better than the standard Hodgkin-Huxley (HH) model for the response of squid giant axons to various stimuli. We systematically compare the responses of the Clay model and the standard HH model to pulse-like and constant current stimuli. We also analyze hybrid models that combine features from both models. These studies reveal that the differences between the sodium currents account for the main difference between the two models, namely the lower excitability of the Clay model.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Pakdaman
- Inserm U444, Faculté de Médecine Saint-Antoine 27, rue Chaligny, 75571 Paris Cedex 12, France.
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Abstract
Periodic pulsatile perturbation of nonlinear oscillators generates phase-locking, quasiperiodic, and chaotic responses. This work shows that the application of external noise to ensembles of such forced systems can synchronize oscillations, even in regimes where neither the noise nor the periodic forcing, when applied alone, would lead to such a phenomenon.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Pakdaman
- Inserm U444, Faculté de Médecine Saint-Antoine, 27, rue Chaligny, 75571 Paris Cedex 12, France
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Abstract
Recent results in normotensive Wistar-Kyoto (WKY) rats show that nonlinear method may be more specific to quantify sympathetic and parasympathetic activities than the low (LF) and high frequencies (HF) spectral powers of blood pressure (BP) and R-R interval (RR). The present study extends this conclusion to spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR). Blood pressure was recorded for 30 min before and after intravenous injection of saline, hexamethonium, atropine, atenolol, or prazosin. Mean level, standard deviation (SD), spectral LF and HF components, and three nonlinear indexes (percentage of recurrence, percentage of determinism, and length index of the recurrence plot method) were used to analyze the BP and RR signals. In conscious SHR, sympathetic but not parasympathetic blockade reduced BP level and LF-BP, and increased nonlinear indexes of BP. RR increased after beta-sympathetic and ganglionic blockade, decreased after parasympathetic blockade, and remained unchanged after alpha(1)-sympathetic blockade. SD-RR decreased after ganglionic and alpha(1) blockade, whereas HF-RR increased after beta-sympathetic blockade. The effects on nonlinear indexes of RR are clear and consistent: only alpha(1)-blockade increased the indexes. Our nonlinear indexes may be useful to investigate cardiovascular functions in normotension and hypertension.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Mestivier
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM) U444, Equipe Biostat-Biomath, Université Paris 7-Denis Diderot, 75251 Paris Cedex 05, France.
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Chau NP, Bouhanick B, Mestivier D, Taki M, Marre M. [Normal and abnormal daily variability of urinary excretion of albumin]. Arch Mal Coeur Vaiss 2000; 93:1023-7. [PMID: 10989750] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/17/2023]
Abstract
Urinary albumin excretion (UAE) is very variable from day to day. We analyzed day-to-day UAE in 207 elderly (60-75 years) inpatients (134 with and 73 without diabetes mellitus) attending the department of internal medicine of the Angers University hospital. Twenty-four-hour urine was collected 3 times during a 5-10 day hospitalization period. One-hundred-fifty-one patients (73%) displayed normoalbuminuria (UAE < 30 mg/24 h in 2 or 3 measures) while 56 patients (27%) had microalbuminuria (UAE within 30-300 mg/24 h in 2 or 3 measures). As the raw data of UAE was not normally distributed, we transformed UAE into the variable z = log(log(k+ UAE)) where k is an integer. We found that z has a gaussian distribution for k = 2. Mean value and coefficient of variation of z in the 3 measurements were used to define the level and the temporal intra-individual variability of UAE. Expressed in term of z, the day-to-day intra-individual variability of UAE showed a potent change (from large variability to small variability) at the particular level z = 1.25, corresponding to UAE = 30.8 mg/24 h, which is precisely the level currently used to define microalbuminuria in diabetic subjects.
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Affiliation(s)
- N P Chau
- Biostat-Biomath, INSERM U444, université Paris VII-Denis-Diderot
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Chau NP, Bouhanick B, Mestivier D, Taki M, Marre M. Normal and abnormal day-to-day variability of urinary albumin excretion in control and diabetic subjects. Diabetes Metab 2000; 26:36-41. [PMID: 10705102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/15/2023]
Abstract
Urinary albumin excretion (UAE) is very variable from day to day. This variability, more or less potent, might by itself have a patho-physiological significance. We analyzed day-to-day UAE in 207 elderly (60-75 years) inpatients (134 with and 73 without diabetes mellitus) attending the department of internal medicine of the Angers University hospital. Twenty-four-hour urine was collected 3 times during a 5-10 day hospitalization period. One-hundred-fifty-one patients (73%) displayed normoalbuminuria (UAE<30 mg/24 h in 2 or 3 measures) while 56 patients (27%) had microalbuminuria (UAE within 30-300 mg/24 h in 2 or 3 measures). As the raw data of UAE was not normally distributed, we transformed UAE into the variable z=log (log (k + UAE)) where k is an integer and looked for a k value for which z might be normally distributed. We found that z was actually normally distributed for k=2. Mean value and coefficient of variation of z in the 3 measurements were used to define the level and the temporal intra-individual variability of UAE. Expressed in term of z, the day-to-day intra-individual variability of UAE showed a potent change (from large variability to small variability) at the particular level z=1.25, corresponding to UAE=30.8 mg/24 h. This value is precisely the level currently used to define microalbuminuria in diabetic subjects. It is remarkable that the day-to-day variability of UAE collapses when UAE crosses the level which has been used to define microalbuminuria.
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Affiliation(s)
- N P Chau
- Equipe Biostat-Biomath, INSERM U444, Université Paris VII-Denis Diderot, Paris, France.
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21
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Dabiré H, Mestivier D, Jarnet J, Safar ME, Chau NP. Quantification of sympathetic and parasympathetic tones by nonlinear indexes in normotensive rats. Am J Physiol 1998; 275:H1290-7. [PMID: 9746478 DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.1998.275.4.h1290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Because the use of spectral powers of blood pressure (BP) and R-R interval (RR) in the low (LF) and high frequencies (HF) to quantify sympathetic and parasympathetic activities is still under debate, we questioned whether nonlinear methods may give better results. The BP signal was recorded for 30 min before and after intravenous injection of hexamethonium (20 mg/kg), atropine (0.5 mg/kg), atenolol (1 mg/kg), and prazosin (1 mg/kg) in conscious, normotensive Wistar-Kyoto rats. Three nonlinear indexes [percentage of recurrence, percentage of determinism, and length index (Lmax)] extracted from the recurrence plot method were used to analyze the BP signal. Sympathetic but not parasympathetic blockade reduced BP level and its LF component. RR increased and decreased after beta- and alpha-blockades, respectively. Hexamethonium increased HF, and atropine reduced LF, of RR. Sympathetic blockade and, in particular, alpha-sympathetic blockade increased nonlinear indexes of BP. In contrast, parasympathetic blockade by atropine increased nonlinear indexes of RR. These results suggest that, compared with spectral indexes, nonlinear indexes may be more specific markers of sympathetic and parasympathetic tones.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Dabiré
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM) U337, Faculté de Médecine Broussais Hôtel-Dieu, 75270 Paris Cedex 06, France
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Mestivier D, Dabiré H, Safar M, Chau NP. Use of nonlinear methods to assess effects of clonidine on blood pressure in spontaneously hypertensive rats. J Appl Physiol (1985) 1998; 84:1795-800. [PMID: 9572832 DOI: 10.1152/jappl.1998.84.5.1795] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
In spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR), chronic infusion of clonidine failed to decrease blood pressure and blood pressure variability. We used nonlinear methods to get a deeper insight on the effects of clonidine on blood pressure dynamics. For 24 h and 4 wk, clonidine (0.1 mg . kg-1 . day-1 sc) was infused by minipumps in the conscious SHRs, and, for comparison, a vehicle was infused in SHRs and in Wistar-Kyoto rats. Blood pressure was recorded for 30 min before and after treatments. We used the Lyapunov exponent, approximated by the inverse of the lmax index derived from the recurrence plot method, to characterize nonlinear dynamics. Before treatment, lmax index of blood pressure was lower (P < 0.01) in the SHRs than in the Wistar-Kyoto rats. Clonidine significantly increased lmax (P < 0.01) to the level observed in normotensive rats, at 24 h and up to 4 wk after infusion. We conclude that clonidine has a significant chronic effect on blood pressure dynamics, as evidenced by nonlinear methods. Our study also suggests that the mechanisms governing blood pressure variations are nonlinear.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Mestivier
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, University of Paris, France
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Mestivier D, Chau NP, Chanudet X, Bauduceau B, Larroque P. Relationship between diabetic autonomic dysfunction and heart rate variability assessed by recurrence plot. Am J Physiol 1997; 272:H1094-9. [PMID: 9087580 DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.1997.272.3.h1094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Beat-to-beat heart rate (HR) and blood pressure were measured by the Finapres system in 44 healthy and 64 diabetic subjects in the at-rest condition. Autonomic control in diabetic subjects was assessed by the Ewing test. HR variability was explored by both linear and nonlinear methods. Linear methods used HR standard deviation and power spectrum. The percentage of the spectrum in the low frequencies was used to assess the sympathetic tone of the autonomic control. The nonlinear method used the "recurrence plot." This method explored long parallel subsequences in the HR time series. These sequences characterize the dependence of the HR dynamics on initial values. The HR standard deviation was reduced in the diabetic subjects compared with the healthy subjects (2.80 +/- 1.17 vs. 3.64 +/- 1.45 beats/min; P < 0.001). In the diabetic subjects, the HR standard deviation and the percentage of the spectrum in the low frequencies showed no correlations with the Ewing score (P > 0.10). In contrast, the longest length index was very strongly correlated to the Ewing score (r = -0.60; P < 0.0001). The results suggest that nonlinear methods might be powerful to explore the autonomic dysfunction in diabetic subjects.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Mestivier
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale U444, Universite Paris 7-Denis Diderot, France
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Mestivier D, Mayaudon H, Chau NP, Chanudet X, Bauduceau B, Larroque P. [Evaluation of the degree of diabetic dysautonomy with the analysis of heart rate measured at rest with the FINAPRES system]. Arch Mal Coeur Vaiss 1996; 89:1051-4. [PMID: 8949377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
In this work, we developped the ERK (Eckmann, Ruelle and Khamporst) method of recurrent plots to analyse Heart Rate Variability (HRV), measured by the FINAPRES system in diabetic subjects. Our aim was to search some indices that might characterize the degree of dysautonomy detected in diabetic subjects, using the Ewing tests. The idea was to analyze the recurrences of the HR to previously observed values. When a value of HR, xi measured at the j-th beat come back to an already observed value, we compare the distances between the following measures (xi + 1 to xj + 1), (xj + 2 to xj + 2)... If the distances are under a given criteria during k beats, xi is deterministic of order k. Let n1 be the number of recurrent points and nk the number of k-order deterministic points, with k = 2, 3, 4... We defined the index of determinism nk + 1/nk and the Shannon entropy of the Nk = nk-nk + 1. These indices will be correlated to the total score of the 5 Ewing tests, which represent the standard measure to evaluate the diabetic dysautonomy. Blood pressure (BP) and HR were measured during about 30 minutes using the FINAPRES system in 44 healthy subjects and 60 non-hypertensive diabetic subjects. In the diabetic subjects, the age, the body weight and systolic and diastolic BP were 56 +/- 13 years (mean +/- standard-deviation), 79 +/- 14 kg, 80 +/- 10 mmHg and 137 +/- 20 mmHg. HR was weakly correlated to age (r = 0.29; p = 0.02) and the Ewing score (r = 0.31; p = 0.01). Its standard-deviation is also weakly correlated to age (r = 0.32; p = 0.01) and to the Ewing score (r = 0.34; p = 0.01). Using the ERK method, we obtained indices which are much more correlated to the Ewing score. In particular, the ratio n2/n1 and Shannon entropy were correlated to the Ewing score with r = 0.51 and r = 0.53, respectively (p < 0.0001 in both cases). These indices are also correlated to age (r = 0.40; p = 0.003) in both cases. The ERK method give some indices which are easy to obtain (measurement of HR during a rest period) and easy to interpret. These indices are strongly linked to the dysautonomy score which required a good cooperation of the patient and a great vigilance during its execution. This method could be applied to BP to explore BP regulation in hypertensive subjects.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Mestivier
- INSERM U444, centre de bio-informatique, Paris
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Abstract
OBJECTIVE We suggest a simple, noninvasive method to assess the autonomic function in diabetic subjects. The method requires only a monitoring of heart rate (HR) with subjects in the sitting position. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS Sixty diabetic subjects, 44 men and 16 women, between 20-80 years of age, were recruited, chronologically, for this study. Subjects treated for high blood pressure were not included. Their autonomic function was assessed by the total score of five classical cardiovascular function tests. In the same subjects and in 44 healthy subjects, blood pressure and HR were determined from beat to beat by the Finapres system with subjects in the sitting position. We examined the randomness of the HR changes by calculating the zeta statistic of the runs test on 1,000 successive HR readings (the zeta value is low if the HR changes are random). When the HR changes are random, we consider that the autonomic control of HR is impaired. RESULTS The zeta values of HR changes were significantly lower in diabetic subjects compared with normal subjects (2.98 +/- 0.97 vs. 3.54 +/- 0.97, P < 0.004). In diabetic subjects, the zeta value was closely correlated to the total score of disautonomy (r = -0.66, P < 0.0001, after correction for age effect) and to the office systolic blood pressure (r = -0.43, P < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS The zeta value of HR changes might be a marker of the autonomic function in diabetic subjects.
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Affiliation(s)
- N P Chau
- URBB, INSERM U263, University Paris 7, France
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Chau NP, Chanudet X, Mestivier D, Nguyen G. [Is placebo necessary in a clinical trial on ambulatory blood pressure?]. Arch Mal Coeur Vaiss 1993; 86:1263-6. [PMID: 8129540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Placebo has only a slight effect on ambulatory blood pressure (ABP). Some authors have suggested that the use of a placebo is not necessary in a study on the drugs effect on ABP. We demonstrate that even if placebo effect is small, the use of a placebo group is still necessary. Effects of one daily dose of 50 mg atenolol + 20 mg slow-released nifedipine (AN) were investigated. Patients with office DBP 90-110 mmHg received, in a double-blind protocol, either AN (group AN, n = 31) or a placebo (group P, n = 26). Ambulatory BP (ABP) and HR were measured (Spacelabs or Diasys systems) for 24 h before and one month after treatment. The 2 groups were comparable before treatment. After 1 month under treatment, ABP was significantly lower in the AN group, compared to the P group, and this over the whole day (p = 0.03 to p < 0.0001). The effect was the most important between 10-17 h (p < 0.0001). HR was significantly lower in the AN group during daytime (6-22 h), but not during the night (22-6 h). Over the whole group, placebo effect was not significant. However, ABP did decrease under placebo in subjects with high initial pressure. As a result, an analysis without data from the placebo group led to an overestimation of the effects of the drug.
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Affiliation(s)
- N P Chau
- URBB, INSERM U 263, université Paris 7
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