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Lim YW, Ramirez NJ, Asensio MA, Chiang Y, Müller G, Mrovecova P, Mitsuiki N, Krausz M, Camacho-Ordonez N, Warnatz K, Adler AS, Grimbacher B. Sequencing the B Cell Receptor Repertoires of Antibody-Deficient Individuals With and Without Infection Susceptibility. J Clin Immunol 2023; 43:940-950. [PMID: 36826743 PMCID: PMC10276080 DOI: 10.1007/s10875-023-01448-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2022] [Accepted: 02/07/2023] [Indexed: 02/25/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Most individuals with antibody deficiency (hypogammaglobulinemia) need immunoglobulin replacement therapy (IgG-RT) from healthy plasma donors to stay clear of infections. However, a small subset of hypogammaglobulinemic patients do not require this substitution therapy. We set out to investigate this clinical conundrum by asking whether the peripheral B cell receptor repertoires differ between antibody-deficient patients who do and do not need IgG-RT. METHODS We sequenced and analyzed IgG and IgM heavy chain B cell receptor repertoires from peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) isolated from patients with low serum IgG concentrations who did or did not require IgG-RT. RESULTS Compared to the patients who did not need IgG-RT, those who needed IgG-RT had higher numbers of IgG antibody clones, higher IgM diversity, and less oligoclonal IgG and IgM repertoires. The patient cohorts had different heavy chain variable gene usage, and the patients who needed IgG-RT had elevated frequencies of IgG clones with higher germline identity (i.e., fewer somatic hypermutations). CONCLUSION Antibody-deficient patients with infection susceptibility who needed IgG-RT had more diverse peripheral antibody repertoires that were less diverged from germline and thus may not be as optimal for targeting pathogens, possibly contributing to infection susceptibility.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Neftali Jose Ramirez
- Institute for Immunodeficiency, Medical Center, Faculty of Medicine, Albert-Ludwigs University, Freiburg, Germany
- Center for Chronic Immunodeficiency (CCI), Medical Center, Faculty of Medicine, Albert-Ludwigs University, Freiburg, Germany
| | | | - Yao Chiang
- GigaGen, Inc. (A Grifols Company), San Carlos, CA, USA
| | - Gabriele Müller
- Institute for Immunodeficiency, Medical Center, Faculty of Medicine, Albert-Ludwigs University, Freiburg, Germany
- Center for Chronic Immunodeficiency (CCI), Medical Center, Faculty of Medicine, Albert-Ludwigs University, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Pavla Mrovecova
- Institute for Immunodeficiency, Medical Center, Faculty of Medicine, Albert-Ludwigs University, Freiburg, Germany
- Center for Chronic Immunodeficiency (CCI), Medical Center, Faculty of Medicine, Albert-Ludwigs University, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Noriko Mitsuiki
- Institute for Immunodeficiency, Medical Center, Faculty of Medicine, Albert-Ludwigs University, Freiburg, Germany
- Center for Chronic Immunodeficiency (CCI), Medical Center, Faculty of Medicine, Albert-Ludwigs University, Freiburg, Germany
- Department of Pediatrics and Developmental Biology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Máté Krausz
- Institute for Immunodeficiency, Medical Center, Faculty of Medicine, Albert-Ludwigs University, Freiburg, Germany
- Center for Chronic Immunodeficiency (CCI), Medical Center, Faculty of Medicine, Albert-Ludwigs University, Freiburg, Germany
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Medical Center, Faculty of Medicine, Albert-Ludwigs University, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Nadezhda Camacho-Ordonez
- Institute for Immunodeficiency, Medical Center, Faculty of Medicine, Albert-Ludwigs University, Freiburg, Germany
- Center for Chronic Immunodeficiency (CCI), Medical Center, Faculty of Medicine, Albert-Ludwigs University, Freiburg, Germany
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Medical Center, Faculty of Medicine, Albert-Ludwigs University, Freiburg, Germany
- Faculty of Biology, Albert-Ludwigs University, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Klaus Warnatz
- Center for Chronic Immunodeficiency (CCI), Medical Center, Faculty of Medicine, Albert-Ludwigs University, Freiburg, Germany
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Medical Center, Faculty of Medicine, Albert-Ludwigs University, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Adam S Adler
- GigaGen, Inc. (A Grifols Company), San Carlos, CA, USA.
| | - Bodo Grimbacher
- Institute for Immunodeficiency, Medical Center, Faculty of Medicine, Albert-Ludwigs University, Freiburg, Germany.
- Center for Chronic Immunodeficiency (CCI), Medical Center, Faculty of Medicine, Albert-Ludwigs University, Freiburg, Germany.
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Medical Center, Faculty of Medicine, Albert-Ludwigs University, Freiburg, Germany.
- DZIF - German Center for Infection Research, Satellite Center Freiburg, Freiburg im Breisgau, Germany.
- CIBSS - Centre for Integrative Biological Signalling Studies, Albert-Ludwigs University, Freiburg, Germany.
- RESIST - Cluster of Excellence 2155 to Hanover Medical School, Satellite Center, Freiburg, Germany.
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Pille M, Avila J, Sanchez GS, Goetgeluk G, De Munter S, Jansen H, Billiet L, Weening K, Xue H, Bonte S, Ingels J, De Cock L, Pascal E, Deseins L, Kerre T, Taghon T, Leclercq G, Vermijlen D, Davis B, Vandekerckhove B. The Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome protein is required for positive selection during T-cell lineage differentiation. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1188099. [PMID: 37350958 PMCID: PMC10282776 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1188099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2023] [Accepted: 05/15/2023] [Indexed: 06/24/2023] Open
Abstract
The Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome (WAS) is an X-linked primary immune deficiency caused by a mutation in the WAS gene. This leads to altered or absent WAS protein (WASp) expression and function resulting in thrombocytopenia, eczema, recurrent infections, and autoimmunity. In T cells, WASp is required for immune synapse formation. Patients with WAS show reduced numbers of peripheral blood T lymphocytes and an altered T-cell receptor repertoire. In vitro, their peripheral T cells show decreased proliferation and cytokine production upon aCD3/aCD28 stimulation. It is unclear whether these T-cell defects are acquired during peripheral activation or are, in part, generated during thymic development. Here, we assessed the role of WASp during T-cell differentiation using artificial thymic organoid cultures and in the thymus of humanized mice. Although CRISPR/Cas9 WAS knockout hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells (HSPCs) rearranged the T-cell receptor and differentiated to T-cell receptor (TCR)+ CD4+ CD8+ double-positive (DP) cells similar to wild-type HSPCs, a partial defect in the generation of CD8 single-positive (SP) cells was observed, suggesting that WASp is involved in their positive selection. TCR repertoire analysis of the DP and CD8+ SP population, however, showed a polyclonal repertoire with no bias toward autoreactivity. To our knowledge, this is the first study of the role of WASp in human T-cell differentiation and on TCR repertoire generation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melissa Pille
- Laboratory of Experimental Immunology, Department of Diagnostic Sciences, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - John Avila
- Brown Foundation Institute of Molecular Medicine, Mc Govern Medical School, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Guillem Sanchez Sanchez
- Department of Pharmacotherapy and Pharmaceutics, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Brussels, Belgium
- Institute for Medical Immunology, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Brussels, Belgium
- ULB Center for Research in Immunology (U-CRI), Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Brussels, Belgium
- WELBIO Department, WEL Research Institute, Wavre, Belgium
| | - Glenn Goetgeluk
- Laboratory of Experimental Immunology, Department of Diagnostic Sciences, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
- Cancer Research Institute Ghent (CRIG), Ghent, Belgium
| | - Stijn De Munter
- Laboratory of Experimental Immunology, Department of Diagnostic Sciences, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
- Cancer Research Institute Ghent (CRIG), Ghent, Belgium
| | - Hanne Jansen
- Laboratory of Experimental Immunology, Department of Diagnostic Sciences, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Lore Billiet
- Laboratory of Experimental Immunology, Department of Diagnostic Sciences, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Karin Weening
- Laboratory of Experimental Immunology, Department of Diagnostic Sciences, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Haipeng Xue
- Brown Foundation Institute of Molecular Medicine, Mc Govern Medical School, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Sarah Bonte
- Cancer Research Institute Ghent (CRIG), Ghent, Belgium
- Department of Applied Mathematics, Computer Science and Statistics, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Joline Ingels
- Laboratory of Experimental Immunology, Department of Diagnostic Sciences, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
- Cancer Research Institute Ghent (CRIG), Ghent, Belgium
| | - Laurenz De Cock
- Laboratory of Experimental Immunology, Department of Diagnostic Sciences, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
- Cancer Research Institute Ghent (CRIG), Ghent, Belgium
| | - Eva Pascal
- Laboratory of Experimental Immunology, Department of Diagnostic Sciences, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
- Cancer Research Institute Ghent (CRIG), Ghent, Belgium
| | - Lucas Deseins
- Laboratory of Experimental Immunology, Department of Diagnostic Sciences, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
- Cancer Research Institute Ghent (CRIG), Ghent, Belgium
| | - Tessa Kerre
- Department of Internal Medicine and Pediatrics, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium
- Department of Hematology, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Tom Taghon
- Laboratory of Experimental Immunology, Department of Diagnostic Sciences, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
- Cancer Research Institute Ghent (CRIG), Ghent, Belgium
| | - Georges Leclercq
- Laboratory of Experimental Immunology, Department of Diagnostic Sciences, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
- Cancer Research Institute Ghent (CRIG), Ghent, Belgium
| | - David Vermijlen
- Department of Pharmacotherapy and Pharmaceutics, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Brussels, Belgium
- Institute for Medical Immunology, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Brussels, Belgium
- ULB Center for Research in Immunology (U-CRI), Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Brussels, Belgium
- WELBIO Department, WEL Research Institute, Wavre, Belgium
| | - Brian Davis
- Brown Foundation Institute of Molecular Medicine, Mc Govern Medical School, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Bart Vandekerckhove
- Laboratory of Experimental Immunology, Department of Diagnostic Sciences, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
- Cancer Research Institute Ghent (CRIG), Ghent, Belgium
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Inadequate Activation of γδT- and B-cells in Patient with Wiskott-Aldrich Syndrome (WAS) Portrayed by TRG and IGH Repertoire Analyses. J Clin Immunol 2023; 43:109-122. [PMID: 36044170 PMCID: PMC9840590 DOI: 10.1007/s10875-022-01349-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2022] [Accepted: 08/11/2022] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Patients with Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome (WAS) harbor mutations in the WAS gene and suffer from immunodeficiency, microthrombocytopenia, and eczema. T-cells play an important role in immune response in the skin and the γδT-cells have an important role in skin homeostasis. Since WAS patients often present with eczema, we wanted to examine whether the T-cell receptor gamma (TRG) repertoire of the γδT-cells is affected in these patients. In addition, the immunoglobulin heavy chain (IGH) repertoire from genomic DNA of WAS patients was not yet studied. Thus, we sought to determine the effects that specific WAS mutations from our patients have in shaping the TRG and IGH immune repertoires. We collected clinical and genetic data on four WAS patients, each harboring a different mutation in the WAS gene. Using next-generation sequencing (NGS), we analyzed their TRG and IGH repertoires using genomic DNA isolated from their peripheral blood. We analyzed the TRG and IGH repertoire sequences to show repertoire restriction, clonal expansions, preferential utilization of specific V genes, and unique characteristics of the antigen binding region in WAS patients with eczema compared to healthy controls. Both the TRG and IGH repertoire showed diverse repertoire comparable to healthy controls on one the hand, and on the other hand, the IGH repertoire showed increased diversity, more evenly distributed repertoire and immaturity of the antigen binding region. Thus, we demonstrate by analyzing the repertoire based on genomic DNA, the various effect that WAS mutations have in shaping the TRG and IGH adaptive immune repertoires.
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Giancotta C, Colantoni N, Pacillo L, Santilli V, Amodio D, Manno EC, Cotugno N, Rotulo GA, Rivalta B, Finocchi A, Cancrini C, Diociaiuti A, El Hachem M, Zangari P. Tailored treatments in inborn errors of immunity associated with atopy (IEIs-A) with skin involvement. Front Pediatr 2023; 11:1129249. [PMID: 37033173 PMCID: PMC10073443 DOI: 10.3389/fped.2023.1129249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2022] [Accepted: 03/03/2023] [Indexed: 04/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Inborn errors of immunity associated with atopy (IEIs-A) are a group of inherited monogenic disorders that occur with immune dysregulation and frequent skin involvement. Several pathways are involved in the pathogenesis of these conditions, including immune system defects, alterations of skin barrier and metabolism perturbations. Current technological improvements and the higher accessibility to genetic testing, recently allowed the identification of novel molecular pathways involved in IEIs-A, also informing on potential tailored therapeutic strategies. Compared to other systemic therapy for skin diseases, biologics have the less toxic and the best tolerated profile in the setting of immune dysregulation. Here, we review IEIs-A with skin involvement focusing on the tailored therapeutic approach according to their pathogenetic mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carmela Giancotta
- Academic Department of Pediatrics (DPUO), Research Unit of Clinical Immunology and Vaccinology, IRCCS Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, Rome, Italy
| | - Nicole Colantoni
- Academic Department of Pediatrics (DPUO), Research Unit of Clinical Immunology and Vaccinology, IRCCS Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, Rome, Italy
| | - Lucia Pacillo
- Academic Department of Pediatrics (DPUO), Research Unit of Clinical Immunology and Vaccinology, IRCCS Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, Rome, Italy
- Department of Systems Medicine, University of Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
| | - Veronica Santilli
- Academic Department of Pediatrics (DPUO), Research Unit of Clinical Immunology and Vaccinology, IRCCS Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, Rome, Italy
| | - Donato Amodio
- Academic Department of Pediatrics (DPUO), Research Unit of Clinical Immunology and Vaccinology, IRCCS Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, Rome, Italy
| | - Emma Concetta Manno
- Academic Department of Pediatrics (DPUO), Research Unit of Clinical Immunology and Vaccinology, IRCCS Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, Rome, Italy
| | - Nicola Cotugno
- Academic Department of Pediatrics (DPUO), Research Unit of Clinical Immunology and Vaccinology, IRCCS Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, Rome, Italy
- Department of Systems Medicine, University of Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
| | - Gioacchino Andrea Rotulo
- Academic Department of Pediatrics (DPUO), Research Unit of Clinical Immunology and Vaccinology, IRCCS Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, Rome, Italy
- Department of Neuroscience, Rehabilitation, Ophthalmology, Genetics, Maternal and Child Health (DINOGMI), University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy
| | - Beatrice Rivalta
- Academic Department of Pediatrics (DPUO), Research Unit of Clinical Immunology and Vaccinology, IRCCS Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, Rome, Italy
- Department of Systems Medicine, University of Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
| | - Andrea Finocchi
- Academic Department of Pediatrics (DPUO), Research Unit of Clinical Immunology and Vaccinology, IRCCS Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, Rome, Italy
- Department of Systems Medicine, University of Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
| | - Caterina Cancrini
- Academic Department of Pediatrics (DPUO), Research Unit of Clinical Immunology and Vaccinology, IRCCS Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, Rome, Italy
- Department of Systems Medicine, University of Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
| | - Andrea Diociaiuti
- Dermatology Unit and Genodermatosis Unit, Genetics and Rare Diseases Research Division, IRCCS Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, Rome, Italy
| | - May El Hachem
- Dermatology Unit and Genodermatosis Unit, Genetics and Rare Diseases Research Division, IRCCS Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, Rome, Italy
| | - Paola Zangari
- Academic Department of Pediatrics (DPUO), Research Unit of Clinical Immunology and Vaccinology, IRCCS Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, Rome, Italy
- Correspondence: Paola Zangari
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5
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Morton SU, Schnur M, Kerper R, Young V, O’Connell AE. Premature Infants Have Normal Maturation of the T Cell Receptor Repertoire at Term. Front Immunol 2022; 13:854414. [PMID: 35707545 PMCID: PMC9189380 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.854414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2022] [Accepted: 05/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Premature infants are known to have immature immune systems compared to term infants; however, the impacts of ex utero immune development are not well characterized. Our previous retrospective clinical review showed prolonged T cell lymphopenia in a subset of extremely premature infants, suggesting that they may have lasting abnormalities in their T cell compartments. We used T cell receptor (TCR) repertoire sequencing to analyze the composition of the T cell compartment in premature and term infants in our NICU. We collected twenty-eight samples from individual subjects and analyzed the number of clonotypes, repertoire diversity, CDR3 length, and V gene usage between groups based on gestational age at birth and postmenstrual age at the time of sample collection. Further, we examined the TCR repertoire in infants with severe bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) and those with abnormal T cell receptor excision circle (TREC) assays. Former extremely premature infants who were corrected to term postmenstrual age had TCR repertoire diversity that was more similar to term born infants than extremely premature infants, supporting normal maturation of the repertoire. Infants with severe BPD did not appear to have increased abnormalities in repertoire diversity. Decreased TCR repertoire diversity was associated with repeatedly abnormal TREC screening, although the diversity was within the normal range for subjects without low TRECs. This study suggests that extremely premature infants demonstrate normal maturation of the T cell repertoire ex utero. Further work is needed to better characterize postnatal T cell development and function in this population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah U. Morton
- Division of Newborn Medicine, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, MA, United States
- Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Maureen Schnur
- Division of Newborn Medicine, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Rylee Kerper
- Division of Newborn Medicine, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Vanessa Young
- Division of Newborn Medicine, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Amy E. O’Connell
- Division of Newborn Medicine, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, MA, United States
- Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
- Manton Center for Orphan Disease Research at Boston Children’s Hospital (BCH), Boston, MA, United States
- *Correspondence: Amy E. O’Connell,
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6
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Li W, Jia Y, Wang Y, Zhao Q, Yang L, Zeng T, Niu L, Dai R, Li Y, Zhao X, Wu J. WASp Deficiency Selectively Affects the TCR Diversity of Different Memory T Cell Subsets in WAS Chimeric Mice. Front Immunol 2022; 12:794795. [PMID: 35116029 PMCID: PMC8803657 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.794795] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2021] [Accepted: 12/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The T cell receptor (TCR) diversity is essential for effective T cell immunity. Previous studies showed that TCR diversity in Wiskott–Aldrich Syndrome (WAS) patients was severely impaired, especially in the memory T cell populations. Whether this defect was caused by intrinsic WASp deficiency or extrinsic reasons is still unclear. Methods We sorted different T cell subsets from the bone marrow chimeric mice model using both magnetic beads and flow cytometry. TCR repertoires of memory T cells, especially CD4+ effector memory T (TEM) cells and CD8+ central memory T (TCM) cells, were analyzed using the UMI quantitative high-throughput sequencing (HTS). Results An average of 5.51 million sequencing reads of 32 samples was obtained from the Illumina sequencing platform. Bioinformatic analyses showed that compared with wild type (WT), WAS knock out (KO)-CD4+ TEM cells exhibited increased Simpson index and decreased D50 index (P <0.05); The rank abundance curve of KO-CD4+ TEM cells was shorter and steeper than that of WT, and the angle of qD and q in KO-CD4+ TEM cells was lower than that of WT, while these indexes showed few changes between WT and KO chimeric mice in the CD8+TCM population. Therefore, it indicated that the restriction on the TCRVβ repertoires is majorly in KO-CD4+ TEM cells but not KO- CD8+ TCM cells. Principal Component Analysis (PCA), a comprehensive parameter for TCRVβ diversity, successfully segregated CD4+ TEM cells from WT and KO, but failed in CD8+ TCM cells. Among the total sequences of TRB, the usage of TRBV12.2, TRBV30, TRBV31, TRBV4, TRBD1, TRBD2, TRBJ1.1, and TRBJ1.4 showed a significant difference between WT-CD4+ TEM cells and KO-CD4+ TEM cells (P <0.05), while in CD8+ TCM cells, only the usage of TRBV12.2 and TRBV20 showed a substantial difference between WT and KO (P <0.05). No significant differences in the hydrophobicity and sequence length of TCRVβ were found between the WT and KO groups. Conclusion WASp deficiency selectively affected the TCR diversity of different memory T cell subsets, and it had more impact on the TCRVβ diversity of CD4+ TEM cells than CD8+ TCM cells. Moreover, the limitation of TCRVβ diversity of CD4+ TEM cells and CD8+ TCM cells in WAS was not severe but intrinsic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenyan Li
- National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Child Infection and Immunity, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, Children’s Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yanjun Jia
- National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Child Infection and Immunity, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, Children’s Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yanping Wang
- National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Child Infection and Immunity, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, Children’s Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Qin Zhao
- National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Child Infection and Immunity, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, Children’s Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Lu Yang
- National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Child Infection and Immunity, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, Children’s Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Ting Zeng
- National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Child Infection and Immunity, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, Children’s Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Linlin Niu
- National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Child Infection and Immunity, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, Children’s Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Rongxin Dai
- National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Child Infection and Immunity, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, Children’s Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Children’s Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yanan Li
- National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Child Infection and Immunity, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, Children’s Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Children’s Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Xiaodong Zhao
- National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Child Infection and Immunity, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, Children’s Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
- *Correspondence: Junfeng Wu, ; Xiaodong Zhao,
| | - Junfeng Wu
- National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Child Infection and Immunity, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, Children’s Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Children’s Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
- *Correspondence: Junfeng Wu, ; Xiaodong Zhao,
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7
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Frizinsky S, Rechavi E, Barel O, Lee YN, Simon AJ, Lev A, Stauber T, Adam E, Somech R. Novel NHEJ1 pathogenic variant linked to severe combined immunodeficiency, microcephaly, and abnormal T and B cell receptor repertoires. Front Pediatr 2022; 10:883173. [PMID: 35967585 PMCID: PMC9363661 DOI: 10.3389/fped.2022.883173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2022] [Accepted: 06/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND During the process of generating diverse T and B cell receptor (TCR and BCR, respectively) repertoires, double-strand DNA breaks are produced. Subsequently, these breaks are corrected by a complex system led by the non-homologous end-joining (NHEJ). Pathogenic variants in genes involved in this process, such as the NHEJ1 gene, cause severe combined immunodeficiency syndrome (SCID) along with neurodevelopmental disease and sensitivity to ionizing radiation. OBJECTIVE To provide new clinical and immunological insights on NHEJ1 deficiency arising from a newly diagnosed patient with severe immunodeficiency. MATERIALS AND METHODS A male infant, born to consanguineous parents, suspected of having primary immunodeficiency underwent immunological and genetic workup. This included a thorough assessment of T cell phenotyping and lymphocyte activation by mitogen stimulation tests, whole-exome sequencing (WES), TCR repertoire Vβ repertoire via flow cytometry analysis, and TCR and BCR repertoire analysis via next-generation sequencing (NGS). RESULTS Clinical findings included microcephaly, recurrent pneumonia, and failure to thrive. An immune workup revealed lymphopenia, reduced T cell function, and hypogammaglobulinemia. Skewed TCR Vβ repertoire, TCR gamma (TRG) repertoire, and BCR repertoire were determined in the patient. Genetic analysis identified a novel homozygous missense pathogenic variant in XLF/Cernunnos: c.A580Ins.T; p.M194fs. The patient underwent a successful hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT). CONCLUSION A novel NHEJ1 pathogenic variant is reported in a patient who presented with SCID phenotype that displayed clonally expanded T and B cells. An adjusted HSCT was safe to ensure full T cell immune reconstitution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shirly Frizinsky
- Pediatric Department A and the Immunology Service, Jeffrey Modell Foundation Center, Edmond and Lily Safra Children's Hospital, Sheba Medical Center, Ramat Gan, Israel.,Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Erez Rechavi
- Pediatric Department A and the Immunology Service, Jeffrey Modell Foundation Center, Edmond and Lily Safra Children's Hospital, Sheba Medical Center, Ramat Gan, Israel.,Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Ortal Barel
- The Wohl Institute for Translational Medicine and Cancer Research Center, Sheba Medical Center, Ramat Gan, Israel
| | - Yu Nee Lee
- Pediatric Department A and the Immunology Service, Jeffrey Modell Foundation Center, Edmond and Lily Safra Children's Hospital, Sheba Medical Center, Ramat Gan, Israel.,The Wohl Institute for Translational Medicine and Cancer Research Center, Sheba Medical Center, Ramat Gan, Israel
| | - Amos J Simon
- Pediatric Department A and the Immunology Service, Jeffrey Modell Foundation Center, Edmond and Lily Safra Children's Hospital, Sheba Medical Center, Ramat Gan, Israel.,The Wohl Institute for Translational Medicine and Cancer Research Center, Sheba Medical Center, Ramat Gan, Israel
| | - Atar Lev
- Pediatric Department A and the Immunology Service, Jeffrey Modell Foundation Center, Edmond and Lily Safra Children's Hospital, Sheba Medical Center, Ramat Gan, Israel.,The Wohl Institute for Translational Medicine and Cancer Research Center, Sheba Medical Center, Ramat Gan, Israel
| | - Tali Stauber
- Pediatric Department A and the Immunology Service, Jeffrey Modell Foundation Center, Edmond and Lily Safra Children's Hospital, Sheba Medical Center, Ramat Gan, Israel.,Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel.,The Wohl Institute for Translational Medicine and Cancer Research Center, Sheba Medical Center, Ramat Gan, Israel
| | - Etai Adam
- Department of Pediatric Hematology, Oncology and Bone Marrow Transplant, Edmond and Lily Safra Children's Hospital, Sheba Medical Center, Ramat Gan, Israel
| | - Raz Somech
- Pediatric Department A and the Immunology Service, Jeffrey Modell Foundation Center, Edmond and Lily Safra Children's Hospital, Sheba Medical Center, Ramat Gan, Israel.,Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel.,The Wohl Institute for Translational Medicine and Cancer Research Center, Sheba Medical Center, Ramat Gan, Israel
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8
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Zielen S, Duecker RP, Woelke S, Donath H, Bakhtiar S, Buecker A, Kreyenberg H, Huenecke S, Bader P, Mahlaoui N, Ehl S, El-Helou SM, Pietrucha B, Plebani A, van der Flier M, van Aerde K, Kilic SS, Reda SM, Kostyuchenko L, McDermott E, Galal N, Pignata C, Pérez JLS, Laws HJ, Niehues T, Kutukculer N, Seidel MG, Marques L, Ciznar P, Edgar JDM, Soler-Palacín P, von Bernuth H, Krueger R, Meyts I, Baumann U, Kanariou M, Grimbacher B, Hauck F, Graf D, Granado LIG, Prader S, Reisli I, Slatter M, Rodríguez-Gallego C, Arkwright PD, Bethune C, Deripapa E, Sharapova SO, Lehmberg K, Davies EG, Schuetz C, Kindle G, Schubert R. Simple Measurement of IgA Predicts Immunity and Mortality in Ataxia-Telangiectasia. J Clin Immunol 2021; 41:1878-1892. [PMID: 34477998 PMCID: PMC8604875 DOI: 10.1007/s10875-021-01090-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2021] [Accepted: 06/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Patients with ataxia-telangiectasia (A-T) suffer from progressive cerebellar ataxia, immunodeficiency, respiratory failure, and cancer susceptibility. From a clinical point of view, A-T patients with IgA deficiency show more symptoms and may have a poorer prognosis. In this study, we analyzed mortality and immunity data of 659 A-T patients with regard to IgA deficiency collected from the European Society for Immunodeficiencies (ESID) registry and from 66 patients with classical A-T who attended at the Frankfurt Goethe-University between 2012 and 2018. We studied peripheral B- and T-cell subsets and T-cell repertoire of the Frankfurt cohort and survival rates of all A-T patients in the ESID registry. Patients with A-T have significant alterations in their lymphocyte phenotypes. All subsets (CD3, CD4, CD8, CD19, CD4/CD45RA, and CD8/CD45RA) were significantly diminished compared to standard values. Patients with IgA deficiency (n = 35) had significantly lower lymphocyte counts compared to A-T patients without IgA deficiency (n = 31) due to a further decrease of naïve CD4 T-cells, central memory CD4 cells, and regulatory T-cells. Although both patient groups showed affected TCR-ß repertoires compared to controls, no differences could be detected between patients with and without IgA deficiency. Overall survival of patients with IgA deficiency was significantly diminished. For the first time, our data show that patients with IgA deficiency have significantly lower lymphocyte counts and subsets, which are accompanied with reduced survival, compared to A-T patients without IgA deficiency. IgA, a simple surrogate marker, is indicating the poorest prognosis for classical A-T patients. Both non-interventional clinical trials were registered at clinicaltrials.gov 2012 (Susceptibility to infections in ataxia-telangiectasia; NCT02345135) and 2017 (Susceptibility to Infections, tumor risk and liver disease in patients with ataxia-telangiectasia; NCT03357978)
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefan Zielen
- Division of Allergology, Pulmonology and Cystic Fibrosis, Department for Children and Adolescents, Goethe University, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Ruth Pia Duecker
- Division of Allergology, Pulmonology and Cystic Fibrosis, Department for Children and Adolescents, Goethe University, Frankfurt, Germany.
| | - Sandra Woelke
- Division of Allergology, Pulmonology and Cystic Fibrosis, Department for Children and Adolescents, Goethe University, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Helena Donath
- Division of Allergology, Pulmonology and Cystic Fibrosis, Department for Children and Adolescents, Goethe University, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Sharhzad Bakhtiar
- Division for Stem Cell Transplantation, Immunology and Intensive Care Unit, Department for Children and Adolescents, Goethe University, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Aileen Buecker
- Division of Allergology, Pulmonology and Cystic Fibrosis, Department for Children and Adolescents, Goethe University, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Hermann Kreyenberg
- Division for Stem Cell Transplantation, Immunology and Intensive Care Unit, Department for Children and Adolescents, Goethe University, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Sabine Huenecke
- Division for Stem Cell Transplantation, Immunology and Intensive Care Unit, Department for Children and Adolescents, Goethe University, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Peter Bader
- Division for Stem Cell Transplantation, Immunology and Intensive Care Unit, Department for Children and Adolescents, Goethe University, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Nizar Mahlaoui
- Pediatric Immunology-Hematology and Rheumatology Unit, French National Reference Center for Primary Immune Deficiencies (CEREDIH), Necker Children's University Hospital, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), Paris, France
| | - Stephan Ehl
- Institute for Immunodeficiency, Center for Chronic Immunodeficiency (CCI), Medical Center - University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Sabine M El-Helou
- Institute for Immunodeficiency, Center for Chronic Immunodeficiency (CCI), Medical Center - University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
- RESIST - Cluster of Excellence 2155 To Hanover Medical School, Satellite Center Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Barbara Pietrucha
- Department of Immunology, The Children's Memorial Health Institute, Av. Dzieci Polskich 20, 04-730, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Alessandro Plebani
- Pediatrics Clinic and Institute for Molecular Medicine A. Nocivelli, Department of Clinical and Experimental Sciences, University of Brescia and ASST-Spedali Civili di Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - Michiel van der Flier
- Section Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Laboratory of Medical Immunology, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Koen van Aerde
- Department of Pediatrics, Amalia's Children Hospital, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Sara S Kilic
- Department of Pediatric Immunology and Rheumatology, the School of Medicine, Uludag University, Bursa, Turkey
| | - Shereen M Reda
- Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital, Faculty of Medicine, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Larysa Kostyuchenko
- Center of Pediatric Immunology, Western Ukrainian Specialized Children's Medical Centre, Lviv, Ukraine
| | - Elizabeth McDermott
- Clinical Immunology and Allergy Unit, Nottingham University Hospitals, Nottingham, UK
| | - Nermeen Galal
- Department of Pediatrics, Cairo University Specialized Pediatric Hospital, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Claudio Pignata
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences, Section of Pediatrics, Federico II University, Naples, Italy
| | - Juan Luis Santos Pérez
- Infectious Diseases and Immunodeficiencies Unit, Service of Pediatrics, Hospital Universitario Virgen de Las Nieves, Granada, Spain
| | - Hans-Juergen Laws
- Department of Pediatric Oncology, Hematology and Clinical Immunology, Medical Faculty, Center of Child and Adolescent Health, Heinrich-Heine University, Duesseldorf, Germany
| | - Tim Niehues
- Centre for Child and Adolescent Health, Helios Klinikum Krefeld, Krefeld, Germany
| | - Necil Kutukculer
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Pediatric Immunology, Ege University, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Markus G Seidel
- Research Unit for Pediatric Hematology and Immunology, Division of Pediatric Hemato-Oncology, Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Medical University Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Laura Marques
- Pediatric Department, Infectious Diseases and Immunodeficiencies Unit, Porto Hospital Center, Porto, Portugal
| | - Peter Ciznar
- Pediatric Department, Faculty of Medicine, Children University Hospital in Bratislava, Comenius University in Bratislava, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | | | - Pere Soler-Palacín
- Pediatric Infectious Diseases and Immunodeficiencies Unit, Vall D'Hebron Research Institute, Hospital Universitari Vall D'Hebron, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Horst von Bernuth
- Department of Pediatric Pneumology, Immunology and Intensive Care, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- Department of Immunology, Labor Berlin Charité - Vivantes GmbH, Berlin, Germany
- Berlin Center for Regenerative Therapies (BCRT), Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Renate Krueger
- Department of Pediatric Pneumology, Immunology and Intensive Care, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Isabelle Meyts
- Department of Pediatrics, University Hospitals Leuven, and the Laboratory for Inborn Errors of Immunity, Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Transplantation, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Ulrich Baumann
- Department of Paediatric Pulmonology, Allergy and Neonatology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Maria Kanariou
- Department of Immunology and Histocompatibility, Centre for Primary Immunodeficiencies, "Aghia Sophia" Children's Hospital, Athens, Greece
| | - Bodo Grimbacher
- Institute for Immunodeficiency, Center for Chronic Immunodeficiency (CCI), Medical Center - University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
- RESIST - Cluster of Excellence 2155 To Hanover Medical School, Satellite Center Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
- DZIF-German Center for Infection Research, Satellite Center Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany; Centre for Integrative Biological Signalling Studies, Albert-Ludwigs University, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Fabian Hauck
- Department of Pediatrics, Dr. Von Hauner Children's Hospital, University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Dagmar Graf
- MVZ Dr. Reising-Ackermann Und Kollegen, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Luis Ignacio Gonzalez Granado
- Primary Immunodeficiencies Unit, Pediatrics, Hospital 12 Octubre, Complutense University School of Medicine, Madrid, Spain
| | - Seraina Prader
- Division of Immunology and Children's Research Center, University Children's Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Ismail Reisli
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Immunology and Allergy, Meram Medical Faculty, Necmettin Erbakan University, Konya, Turkey
| | - Mary Slatter
- Primary Immunodeficiency Group, Paediatric Immunology and Haematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation, Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Great North Childrens' Hospital, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Carlos Rodríguez-Gallego
- Department of Immunology, Dr. Negrin University Hospital of Gran Canaria, University Fernando Pessoa Canarias, Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain
| | - Peter D Arkwright
- Lydia Becker Institute of Immunology and Inflammation, University of Manchester and Royal Manchester Children's Hospital, Manchester, UK
| | | | - Elena Deripapa
- National Medical Research Center of Pediatric Hematology, Oncology and Immunology, Moscow, Russia
| | - Svetlana O Sharapova
- Research Department, Belarusian Research Center for Pediatric Oncology, Hematology and Immunology, Minsk region, Minsk, Belarus
| | - Kai Lehmberg
- Division for Pediatric Stem Cell Transplantation and Immunology, Clinic for Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - E Graham Davies
- Great Ormond Street Hospital and UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, London, UK
| | - Catharina Schuetz
- Department of Pediatrics, Medizinische Fakultät Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Gerhard Kindle
- Institute for Immunodeficiency, Center for Chronic Immunodeficiency (CCI), Medical Center - University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
- FREEZE Biobank, Center for Biobanking, Medical Center and Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Breisacher Str. 115, 79106, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Ralf Schubert
- Division of Allergology, Pulmonology and Cystic Fibrosis, Department for Children and Adolescents, Goethe University, Frankfurt, Germany
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9
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Ehlers AM, den Hartog Jager CF, Kardol-Hoefnagel T, Katsburg MMD, Knulst AC, Otten HG. Comparison of Two Strategies to Generate Antigen-Specific Human Monoclonal Antibodies: Which Method to Choose for Which Purpose? Front Immunol 2021; 12:660037. [PMID: 34017336 PMCID: PMC8130674 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.660037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2021] [Accepted: 04/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Human monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) are valuable tools to link genetic information with functional features and to provide a platform for conformational epitope mapping. Additionally, combined data on genetic and functional features provide a valuable mosaic for systems immunology approaches. Strategies to generate human mAbs from peripheral blood have been described and used in several studies including single cell sequencing of antigen-binding B cells and the establishment of antigen-specific monoclonal Epstein-Barr Virus (EBV) immortalized lymphoblastoid cell lines (LCLs). However, direct comparisons of these two strategies are scarce. Hence, we sought to set up these two strategies in our laboratory using peanut 2S albumins (allergens) and the autoantigen anti-Rho guanosine diphosphate dissociation inhibitor 2 (RhoGDI2, alternatively 'ARHGDIB') as antigen targets to directly compare these strategies regarding costs, time expenditure, recovery, throughput and complexity. Regarding single cell sequencing, up to 50% of corresponding V(D)J gene transcripts were successfully amplified of which 54% were successfully cloned into expression vectors used for heterologous expression. Seventy-five percent of heterologously expressed mAbs showed specific binding to peanut 2S albumins resulting in an overall recovery of 20.3%, which may be increased to around 29% by ordering gene sequences commercially for antibody cloning. In comparison, the establishment of monoclonal EBV-LCLs showed a lower overall recovery of around 17.6%. Heterologous expression of a mAb carrying the same variable region as its native counterpart showed comparable concentration-dependent binding abilities. By directly comparing those two strategies, single cell sequencing allows a broad examination of antigen-binding mAbs in a moderate-throughput manner, while the establishment of monoclonal EBV-LCLs is a powerful tool to select a small number of highly reactive mAbs restricted to certain B cell subpopulations. Overall, both strategies, initially set-up for peanut 2S albumins, are suitable to obtain human mAbs and they are easily transferrable to other target antigens as shown for ARHGDIB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna M Ehlers
- Center for Translational Immunology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands.,Department of Dermatology/Allergology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Constance F den Hartog Jager
- Center for Translational Immunology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands.,Department of Dermatology/Allergology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Tineke Kardol-Hoefnagel
- Center for Translational Immunology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Miriam M D Katsburg
- Center for Translational Immunology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - André C Knulst
- Center for Translational Immunology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands.,Department of Dermatology/Allergology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Henny G Otten
- Center for Translational Immunology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
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10
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Immune and TRG repertoire signature of the thymus in Down syndrome patients. Pediatr Res 2021; 89:102-109. [PMID: 32231346 DOI: 10.1038/s41390-020-0857-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2019] [Revised: 01/10/2020] [Accepted: 03/11/2020] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Patients with Down syndrome (DS) are at increased risk for infections and autoimmune disorders. Although several immunological abnormalities were previously found, differences in T cell receptor repertoire have never been shown. Thus we compared the T cell receptor gamma (TRG) repertoire in DS and non-syndromic pediatric patients by next-generation sequencing, in addition to other immunological markers. METHODS Genomic DNA was extracted from thymuses of pediatric patients who underwent heart surgery, where six were with DS and six were non-syndromic patients. Peripheral blood counts, T cell subpopulations, thymus TCR excision circles (TRECs), spectratyping, and next-generation sequencing for TRG were analyzed. RESULTS The mean age of the patients was 7 months and the mean lymphocyte count was slightly lower in patients with DS, whereas thymus TREC results were similar to non-syndromic patients (p = 0.197). The TRG repertoire analysis showed that patients with DS had a significantly larger number of unique TRG sequences, together with decreased clonal expansion. Lastly, the V and J gene usages in the thymus were similar in DS and non-syndromic patients. CONCLUSIONS Patients with DS showed increased TRG repertoire diversity with decreased clonal expansion compared to non-syndromic patients. IMPACT Alterations in T cell receptor gamma repertoire were found in patients with Down syndrome using next-generation sequencing (NGS) technique. Patients showed increased repertoire diversity and decreased clonal expansion compared to controls. These findings add to previous reports on abnormalities of other immune system components in patients with Down syndrome. NGS technique may point out differences not seen by previous methods. Repertoire abnormalities may contribute to those patients' predisposition to infections and autoimmune diseases.
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11
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Atsumi S, Katoh H, Komura D, Hashimoto I, Furuya G, Koda H, Konishi H, Suzuki R, Yamamoto A, Yuba S, Abe H, Rino Y, Oshima T, Ushiku T, Fukayama M, Seto Y, Ishikawa S. Focal adhesion ribonucleoprotein complex proteins are major humoral cancer antigens and targets in autoimmune diseases. Commun Biol 2020; 3:588. [PMID: 33067514 PMCID: PMC7567837 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-020-01305-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2019] [Accepted: 09/15/2020] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Despite the accumulating evidences of the significance of humoral cancer immunity, its molecular mechanisms have largely remained elusive. Here we show that B-cell repertoire sequencing of 102 clinical gastric cancers and molecular biological analyses unexpectedly reveal that the major humoral cancer antigens are not case-specific neo-antigens but are rather commonly identified as ribonucleoproteins (RNPs) in the focal adhesion complex. These common antigens are shared as autoantigens with multiple autoimmune diseases, suggesting a direct molecular link between cancer- and auto-immunity on the focal adhesion RNP complex. This complex is partially exposed to the outside of cancer cell surfaces, which directly evokes humoral immunity and enables functional bindings of antibodies to cancer cell surfaces in physiological conditions. These findings shed light on humoral cancer immunity in that it commonly targets cellular components fundamental for cytoskeletal integrity and cell movement, pointing to a novel modality of immunotherapy using humoral immunological reactions to cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shinichiro Atsumi
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, the University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan.,Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, the University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hiroto Katoh
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, the University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan.
| | - Daisuke Komura
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, the University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Itaru Hashimoto
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, the University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan.,Department of Surgery, Yokohama City University, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Genta Furuya
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, the University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan.,Department of Pathology, Graduate School of Medicine, the University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hirotomo Koda
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, the University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan.,Department of Pathology, Graduate School of Medicine, the University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hiroki Konishi
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, the University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Ryohei Suzuki
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, the University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Asami Yamamoto
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, the University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Satsuki Yuba
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, the University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan.,Department of Molecular Pathology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Abe
- Department of Pathology, Graduate School of Medicine, the University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yasushi Rino
- Department of Surgery, Yokohama City University, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Takashi Oshima
- Department of Surgery, Yokohama City University, Kanagawa, Japan.,Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Kanagawa Cancer Center, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Tetsuo Ushiku
- Department of Pathology, Graduate School of Medicine, the University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Masashi Fukayama
- Department of Pathology, Graduate School of Medicine, the University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yasuyuki Seto
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, the University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shumpei Ishikawa
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, the University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan.
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12
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Li N, Yuan J, Tian W, Meng L, Liu Y. T-cell receptor repertoire analysis for the diagnosis and treatment of solid tumor: A methodology and clinical applications. Cancer Commun (Lond) 2020; 40:473-483. [PMID: 32677768 PMCID: PMC7571402 DOI: 10.1002/cac2.12074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2020] [Accepted: 06/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
T cells, which are involved in adaptive immunity, are essential in the elimination of tumor cells. Mature T cells can specifically recognize the antigen on the major histocompatibility complex (MHC) molecule through T‐cell receptors (TCR). The unique rearrangement mechanisms during T‐cell maturation provide great diversity to TCR, ensuring specific recognition between T cells and antigens. Thus, TCR repertoire analysis occupied an important position in T‐cell regarding research. Nowadays, next‐generation sequencing technology allows the simultaneous detection of TCR sequences with high throughput, and several evaluation indexes facilitate the measure of TCR repertoire. Based on this new methodology, discoveries are made across a range of tumor types. Results have shed light on the TCR repertoire differences between cancer patients and healthy control as well as between individual's lesions, paracancer, and peripheral blood samples. The potential of TCR repertoire as a biomarker for immunotherapy efficacy is also widely studied as TCR repertoire represents different baseline within individuals and shows dynamic change during treatment. Accurate delineation of the T‐cell repertoire can further the understanding of the immune system response to tumorigenesis. Still, existing researches are insufficient to clarify the specific clinical implications of TCR dynamic change and the definite role of TCR repertoire diversity during the treatment process. The results of some studies are even contrary. In this article, we reviewed TCR rearrangement mechanisms and analysis methods. Recent progress of TCR sequencing technology in tumor research is also discussed. In conclusion, intensive studies over an extended range of cancer types and a broadened group of subjects should be carried to solidify the TCR repertoire's position as an immunotherapy biomarker.
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Affiliation(s)
- Na Li
- Department of Central Laboratory, Shenyang Tenth People's Hospital, Shenyang Chest Hospital, Shenyang, Liaoning, 110044, P. R. China
| | - Jiani Yuan
- Novogene Corporation Limited, Beijing, 100083, P. R. China
| | - Wenjia Tian
- Novogene Corporation Limited, Beijing, 100083, P. R. China
| | - Lin Meng
- Novogene Corporation Limited, Beijing, 100083, P. R. China
| | - Yongyu Liu
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Shenyang Tenth People's Hospital, Shenyang Chest Hospital, Shenyang, Liaoning, 110044, P. R. China
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13
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Werner L, Lee YN, Rechavi E, Lev A, Yerushalmi B, Ling G, Shah N, Uhlig HH, Weiss B, Somech R, Snapper SB, Shouval DS. Alterations in T and B Cell Receptor Repertoires Patterns in Patients With IL10 Signaling Defects and History of Infantile-Onset IBD. Front Immunol 2020; 11:109. [PMID: 32117262 PMCID: PMC7017840 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.00109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2019] [Accepted: 01/15/2020] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Patients with loss-of-function mutations in IL10 or IL10 receptor (IL10R) genes develop severe, medical-refractory, infantile-onset inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). We have previously reported significant alterations in innate and adaptive immune responses in these patients. Next generation sequencing platforms enable a comprehensive assessment of T cell receptor (TCR) and B cell receptor (BCR) repertoire patterns. We aimed to characterize TCR and BCR features in peripheral blood of patients with deleterious IL10 signaling defects. DNA was isolated from blood of seven patients with IL10R mutations and one with an IL10 mutation, along with eight controls, and subjected to next generation sequencing of TRB and IgH loci. A significant increase in clonality was observed in both TCR and BCR repertoires in circulating lymphocytes of IL10/IL10R-deficient patients, but to a much greater extent in T cells. Furthermore, short CDR3β length and altered hydrophobicity were demonstrated in T cells of patients, but not in B cells, secondary to lower rates of insertions of nucleotides, but not deletions, at the V-, D-, or J-junctions. We were unable to observe specific T or B clones that were limited only to the patients or among controls. Moreover, the expanded T cells clones were unique to each patient. In conclusion, next generation sequencing of the TCR and BCR is a powerful tool for characterizing the adaptive immune cell phenotype and function in immune-mediated disorders. The oligoclonality observed among IL10/IL10R-deficient patients may suggest specialization of unique clones that likely have a role in mediating tissue damage. Nevertheless, the lack of shared clones between patients provides another piece of evidence that the adaptive immune response in IBD is not triggered against common antigens. Additional studies are required to define the specific antigens that interact with the expanded IL10/IL10R-deficient clones.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lael Werner
- Pediatric Gastroenterology Unit, Edmond and Lily Safra Children's Hospital, Sheba Medical Centre, Ramat Gan, Israel.,Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Yu Nee Lee
- Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel.,Pediatric Department A, Edmond and Lily Safra Children's Hospital, Sheba Medical Centre, Ramat Gan, Israel.,Immunology Service, Edmond and Lily Safra Children's Hospital, Sheba Medical Centre, Ramat Gan, Israel.,Jeffrey Modell Foundation Center, Edmond and Lily Safra Children's Hospital, Sheba Medical Centre, Ramat Gan, Israel
| | - Erez Rechavi
- Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel.,Pediatric Department A, Edmond and Lily Safra Children's Hospital, Sheba Medical Centre, Ramat Gan, Israel.,Immunology Service, Edmond and Lily Safra Children's Hospital, Sheba Medical Centre, Ramat Gan, Israel.,Jeffrey Modell Foundation Center, Edmond and Lily Safra Children's Hospital, Sheba Medical Centre, Ramat Gan, Israel
| | - Atar Lev
- Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel.,Pediatric Department A, Edmond and Lily Safra Children's Hospital, Sheba Medical Centre, Ramat Gan, Israel.,Immunology Service, Edmond and Lily Safra Children's Hospital, Sheba Medical Centre, Ramat Gan, Israel.,Jeffrey Modell Foundation Center, Edmond and Lily Safra Children's Hospital, Sheba Medical Centre, Ramat Gan, Israel
| | - Baruch Yerushalmi
- Pediatric Gastroenterology Unit, Soroka University Medical Center, Ben Gurion University of the Negev, Be'er Sheva, Israel
| | - Galina Ling
- Pediatric Gastroenterology Unit, Soroka University Medical Center, Ben Gurion University of the Negev, Be'er Sheva, Israel
| | - Neil Shah
- Department of Gastroenterology, Great Ormond Street Hospital, London, United Kingdom
| | - Holm H Uhlig
- Translational Gastroenterology Unit, Nuffield Department of Experimental Medicine, John Radcliffe Hospital, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom.,Department of Pediatrics, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom.,NIHR Oxford Biomedical Research Centre, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Batia Weiss
- Pediatric Gastroenterology Unit, Edmond and Lily Safra Children's Hospital, Sheba Medical Centre, Ramat Gan, Israel.,Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Raz Somech
- Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel.,Pediatric Department A, Edmond and Lily Safra Children's Hospital, Sheba Medical Centre, Ramat Gan, Israel.,Immunology Service, Edmond and Lily Safra Children's Hospital, Sheba Medical Centre, Ramat Gan, Israel.,Jeffrey Modell Foundation Center, Edmond and Lily Safra Children's Hospital, Sheba Medical Centre, Ramat Gan, Israel
| | - Scott B Snapper
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, United States.,Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Dror S Shouval
- Pediatric Gastroenterology Unit, Edmond and Lily Safra Children's Hospital, Sheba Medical Centre, Ramat Gan, Israel.,Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
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14
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Mitsunaga EM, Snyder MP. Deep Characterization of the Human Antibody Response to Natural Infection Using Longitudinal Immune Repertoire Sequencing. Mol Cell Proteomics 2020; 19:278-293. [PMID: 31767621 PMCID: PMC7000125 DOI: 10.1074/mcp.ra119.001633] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2019] [Revised: 10/30/2019] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Human antibody response studies are largely restricted to periods of high immune activity (e.g. vaccination). To comprehensively understand the healthy B cell immune repertoire and how this changes over time and through natural infection, we conducted immune repertoire RNA sequencing on flow cytometry-sorted B cell subsets to profile a single individual's antibodies over 11 months through two periods of natural viral infection. We found that 1) a baseline of healthy variable (V) gene usage in antibodies exists and is stable over time, but antibodies in memory cells consistently have a different usage profile relative to earlier B cell stages; 2) a single complementarity-determining region 3 (CDR3) is potentially generated from more than one VJ gene combination; and 3) IgG and IgA antibody transcripts are found at low levels in early human B cell development, suggesting that class switching may occur earlier than previously realized. These findings provide insight into immune repertoire stability, response to natural infections, and human B cell development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erin M Mitsunaga
- Department of Genetics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California 94305
| | - Michael P Snyder
- Department of Genetics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California 94305.
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15
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Werner L, Nunberg MY, Rechavi E, Lev A, Braun T, Haberman Y, Lahad A, Shteyer E, Schvimer M, Somech R, Weiss B, Lee YN, Shouval DS. Altered T cell receptor beta repertoire patterns in pediatric ulcerative colitis. Clin Exp Immunol 2019; 196:1-11. [PMID: 30556140 DOI: 10.1111/cei.13247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/02/2018] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The antigenic specificity of T cells occurs via generation and rearrangement of different gene segments producing a functional T cell receptor (TCR). High-throughput sequencing (HTS) allows in-depth assessment of TCR repertoire patterns. There are limited data concerning whether TCR repertoires are altered in inflammatory bowel disease. We hypothesized that pediatric ulcerative colitis (UC) patients possess unique TCR repertoires, resulting from clonotypical expansions in the gut. Paired blood and rectal samples were collected from nine newly diagnosed treatment-naive pediatric UC patients and four healthy controls. DNA was isolated to determine the TCR-β repertoire by HTS. Significant clonal expansion was demonstrated in UC patients, with inverse correlation between clinical disease severity and repertoire diversity in the gut. Using different repertoire variables in rectal biopsies, a clear segregation was observed between patients with severe UC, those with mild-moderate disease and healthy controls. Moreover, the overlap between autologous blood-rectal samples in UC patients was significantly higher compared with overlap among controls. Finally, we identified several clonotypes that were shared in either all or the majority of UC patients in the colon. Clonal expansion of TCR-β-expressing T cells among UC patients correlates with disease severity and highlights their involvement in mediating intestinal inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Werner
- Pediatric Gastroenterology Unit, Edmond and Lily Safra Children's Hospital, Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer, Israel.,Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - M Y Nunberg
- Pediatric Gastroenterology Unit, Edmond and Lily Safra Children's Hospital, Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer, Israel.,Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - E Rechavi
- Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel.,Pediatric Department A, Edmond and Lily Safra Children's Hospital, Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer, Israel.,Immunology Service, Edmond and Lily Safra Children's Hospital, Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer, Israel.,Jeffrey Modell Foundation Center, Edmond and Lily Safra Children's Hospital, Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer, Israel
| | - A Lev
- Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel.,Pediatric Department A, Edmond and Lily Safra Children's Hospital, Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer, Israel.,Immunology Service, Edmond and Lily Safra Children's Hospital, Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer, Israel.,Jeffrey Modell Foundation Center, Edmond and Lily Safra Children's Hospital, Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer, Israel
| | - T Braun
- Pediatric Gastroenterology Unit, Edmond and Lily Safra Children's Hospital, Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer, Israel.,Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Y Haberman
- Pediatric Gastroenterology Unit, Edmond and Lily Safra Children's Hospital, Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer, Israel.,Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - A Lahad
- Pediatric Gastroenterology Unit, Edmond and Lily Safra Children's Hospital, Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer, Israel.,Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - E Shteyer
- Juliet Keidan Institute of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Shaare Zedek Medical Center and The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - M Schvimer
- Institute of Pathology, Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer, Israel
| | - R Somech
- Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel.,Pediatric Department A, Edmond and Lily Safra Children's Hospital, Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer, Israel.,Immunology Service, Edmond and Lily Safra Children's Hospital, Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer, Israel.,Jeffrey Modell Foundation Center, Edmond and Lily Safra Children's Hospital, Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer, Israel
| | - B Weiss
- Pediatric Gastroenterology Unit, Edmond and Lily Safra Children's Hospital, Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer, Israel.,Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Y N Lee
- Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel.,Pediatric Department A, Edmond and Lily Safra Children's Hospital, Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer, Israel.,Immunology Service, Edmond and Lily Safra Children's Hospital, Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer, Israel.,Jeffrey Modell Foundation Center, Edmond and Lily Safra Children's Hospital, Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer, Israel
| | - D S Shouval
- Pediatric Gastroenterology Unit, Edmond and Lily Safra Children's Hospital, Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer, Israel.,Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
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16
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Ou M, Zheng F, Zhang X, Liu S, Tang D, Zhu P, Qiu J, Dai Y. Integrated analysis of B‑cell and T‑cell receptors by high‑throughput sequencing reveals conserved repertoires in IgA nephropathy. Mol Med Rep 2018; 17:7027-7036. [PMID: 29568935 PMCID: PMC5928659 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2018.8793] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2017] [Accepted: 02/01/2018] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Immunoglobulin A nephropathy (IgAN) is a type of glomerular disorder associated with immune dysregulation, and understanding B‑/T‑cell receptors (BCRs/TCRs) may be valuable for the development of specific immunotherapeutic interventions. In the present study, B and T cells were isolated from IgAN patients and healthy controls, and the composition of the BCR/TCR complementarity‑determining region (CDR)3 was analyzed by multiplex polymerase chain reaction, high‑throughput sequencing and bioinformatics. The present results revealed that the BCR/TCR CDR3 clones were expressed at very low frequencies, and the composition of clone types in patients with IgAN was skewed; the majority of clones were unique, and only 12 BCR and 228 TCR CDR3 clones were public ones, of which 16 were expressed at a significantly higher frequency in patients with IgAN (P<0.001). There were also certain conserved amino acid residues between unique clones or groups, and the residues GMDV, EQY and EQF were recurring only in the IgAN group. In addition, some VDJ gene recombinations indicated great variation between groups, including 4 high‑frequency VDJ gene recombinations in the IgAN patients (P<0.001). Immune repertoires provide novel information, and conserved BCR/TCR CDR3 clones and VDJ gene recombinations with great variation may be potential therapeutic targets for IgAN patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minglin Ou
- Clinical Medical Research Center of Second Clinical Medical College, Jinan University, Shenzhen People's Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518020, P.R. China
| | - Fengping Zheng
- Clinical Medical Research Center of Second Clinical Medical College, Jinan University, Shenzhen People's Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518020, P.R. China
| | - Xinzhou Zhang
- Clinical Medical Research Center of Second Clinical Medical College, Jinan University, Shenzhen People's Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518020, P.R. China
| | - Song Liu
- Clinical Medical Research Center of Second Clinical Medical College, Jinan University, Shenzhen People's Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518020, P.R. China
| | - Donge Tang
- Clinical Medical Research Center of Second Clinical Medical College, Jinan University, Shenzhen People's Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518020, P.R. China
| | - Peng Zhu
- Lab Center of Shenzhen Pingshan People's Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518118, P.R. China
| | - Jingjun Qiu
- Lab Center of Shenzhen Pingshan People's Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518118, P.R. China
| | - Yong Dai
- Clinical Medical Research Center of Second Clinical Medical College, Jinan University, Shenzhen People's Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518020, P.R. China
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17
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Cheng C, Wang B, Gao L, Liu J, Chen X, Huang H, Zhao Z. Next generation sequencing reveals changes of the γδ T cell receptor repertoires in patients with pulmonary tuberculosis. Sci Rep 2018; 8:3956. [PMID: 29500378 PMCID: PMC5834497 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-22061-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2017] [Accepted: 02/14/2018] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Tuberculosis (TB) is a severe global threat to human health. The immune protection initiated by γδ T cells play an important role in mycobacterial infection. Vaccines for Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) based on γδ T cells provide a novel approach for TB control. In our previous studies, we found a preponderant complementarity-determining region 3 (CDR3) sequence of the γδ T cell receptor (TCR) in TB patients, and successfully identified a tuberculosis antigen that can effectively activate γδ T cells with a reverse genetic strategy. However, due to the throughput limitation of the method we used, the information we obtained about the γδ TCR repertoire and preponderant CDR3 sequences was limited. In this study, we introduced next generation sequencing (NGS) to study the γδ TCR CDR3 repertoires in TB patients. We found that the CDR3δ tended to be more polyclonal and CDR3γ tended to be longer in TB patients; the γδ T cells expressing CDR3 sequences using a Vγ9-JγP rearrangement expanded significantly during Mtb infection. We also identified new preponderant CDR3 sequences during Mtb infection. This study comprehensively characterized the γδ T cell receptor repertoire changes, and provides useful information for the development of new vaccines and adjuvants against TB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chaofei Cheng
- MOH Key Laboratory of Systems Biology of Pathogens, Institute of Pathogen Biology, and Centre for Tuberculosis Research, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100730, China
| | - Bei Wang
- MOH Key Laboratory of Systems Biology of Pathogens, Institute of Pathogen Biology, and Centre for Tuberculosis Research, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100730, China.,Clinical Immunology Center, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100730, China
| | - Lei Gao
- MOH Key Laboratory of Systems Biology of Pathogens, Institute of Pathogen Biology, and Centre for Tuberculosis Research, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100730, China
| | - Jianmin Liu
- The Sixth People's Hospital of Zhengzhou, Zhengzhou, 450015, China
| | - Xinchun Chen
- Department of Pathogen Biology, School of Medicine, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518002, China.
| | - He Huang
- MOH Key Laboratory of Systems Biology of Pathogens, Institute of Pathogen Biology, and Centre for Tuberculosis Research, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100730, China. .,Clinical Immunology Center, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100730, China.
| | - Zhendong Zhao
- MOH Key Laboratory of Systems Biology of Pathogens, Institute of Pathogen Biology, and Centre for Tuberculosis Research, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100730, China. .,Clinical Immunology Center, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100730, China. .,CAMS-Oxford University International Center for Translational Immunology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100730, China.
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18
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Clinical Manifestations and Pathophysiological Mechanisms of the Wiskott-Aldrich Syndrome. J Clin Immunol 2018. [PMID: 29086100 DOI: 10.1007/s10875-017-0453-z)] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
Abstract
The Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome (WAS) is a rare X-linked disorder originally described by Dr. Alfred Wiskott in 1937 and Dr. Robert Aldrich in 1954 as a familial disease characterized by infections, bleeding tendency, and eczema. Today, it is well recognized that the syndrome has a wide clinical spectrum ranging from mild, isolated thrombocytopenia to full-blown presentation that can be complicated by life-threatening hemorrhages, immunodeficiency, atopy, autoimmunity, and cancer. The pathophysiology of classic and emerging features is being elucidated by clinical studies, but remains incompletely defined, which hinders the application of targeted therapies. At the same time, progress of hematopoietic stem cell transplantation and gene therapy offer optimistic prospects for treatment options aimed at the replacement of the defective lymphohematopoietic system that have the potential to provide a cure for this rare and polymorphic disease.
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19
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Ghraichy M, Galson JD, Kelly DF, Trück J. B-cell receptor repertoire sequencing in patients with primary immunodeficiency: a review. Immunology 2017; 153:145-160. [PMID: 29140551 DOI: 10.1111/imm.12865] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2017] [Revised: 10/25/2017] [Accepted: 11/07/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The advent of next-generation sequencing (NGS) now allows a detailed assessment of the adaptive immune system in health and disease. In particular, high-throughput B-cell receptor (BCR) repertoire sequencing provides detailed information about the functionality and abnormalities of the B-cell system. However, it is mostly unknown how the BCR repertoire is altered in the context of primary immunodeficiencies (PID) and whether findings are consistent throughout phenotypes and genotypes. We have performed an extensive literature search of the published work on BCR repertoire sequencing in PID patients, including several forms of predominantly antibody disorders and combined immunodeficiencies. It is somewhat surprising that BCR repertoires, even from severe clinical phenotypes, often show only mild abnormalities and that diversity or immunoglobulin gene segment usage is generally preserved to some extent. Despite the great variety of wet laboratory and analytical methods that were used in the different studies, several findings are common to most investigated PIDs, such as the increased usage of gene segments that are associated with self-reactivity. These findings suggest that BCR repertoire characteristics may be used to assess the functionality of the B-cell compartment irrespective of the underlying defect. With the use of NGS approaches, there is now the opportunity to apply BCR repertoire sequencing to multiple patients and explore the PID BCR repertoire in more detail. Ultimately, using BCR repertoire sequencing in translational research could aid the management of PID patients by improving diagnosis, estimating functionality of the immune system and improving assessment of prognosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie Ghraichy
- Division of Immunology, University Children's Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.,Children's Research Center, University Children's Hospital, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Jacob D Galson
- Children's Research Center, University Children's Hospital, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.,University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Dominic F Kelly
- Oxford Vaccine Group, Department of Paediatrics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Johannes Trück
- Division of Immunology, University Children's Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.,Children's Research Center, University Children's Hospital, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.,University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
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20
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Somech R, Lev A, Lee YN, Simon AJ, Barel O, Schiby G, Avivi C, Barshack I, Rhodes M, Yin J, Wang M, Yang Y, Rhodes J, Marcus N, Garty BZ, Stein J, Amariglio N, Rechavi G, Wiest DL, Zhang Y. Disruption of Thrombocyte and T Lymphocyte Development by a Mutation in ARPC1B. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2017; 199:4036-4045. [PMID: 29127144 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1700460] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2017] [Accepted: 10/06/2017] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Regulation of the actin cytoskeleton is crucial for normal development and function of the immune system, as evidenced by the severe immune abnormalities exhibited by patients bearing inactivating mutations in the Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome protein (WASP), a key regulator of actin dynamics. WASP exerts its effects on actin dynamics through a multisubunit complex termed Arp2/3. Despite the critical role played by Arp2/3 as an effector of WASP-mediated control over actin polymerization, mutations in protein components of the Arp2/3 complex had not previously been identified as a cause of immunodeficiency. Here, we describe two brothers with hematopoietic and immunologic symptoms reminiscent of Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome (WAS). However, these patients lacked mutations in any of the genes previously associated with WAS. Whole-exome sequencing revealed a homozygous 2 bp deletion, n.c.G623DEL-TC (p.V208VfsX20), in Arp2/3 complex component ARPC1B that causes a frame shift resulting in premature termination. Modeling of the disease in zebrafish revealed that ARPC1B plays a critical role in supporting T cell and thrombocyte development. Moreover, the defects in development caused by ARPC1B loss could be rescued by the intact human ARPC1B ortholog, but not by the p.V208VfsX20 variant identified in the patients. Moreover, we found that the expression of ARPC1B is restricted to hematopoietic cells, potentially explaining why a mutation in ARPC1B has now been observed as a cause of WAS, whereas mutations in other, more widely expressed, components of the Arp2/3 complex have not been observed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raz Somech
- Pediatric Department A and Immunology Service, Jeffrey Modell Foundation Center, Edmond and Lily Safra Children's Hospital, Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 52621, Israel.,The Wohl Institute for Translational Medicine, Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer, Tel Aviv 52621, Israel
| | - Atar Lev
- Pediatric Department A and Immunology Service, Jeffrey Modell Foundation Center, Edmond and Lily Safra Children's Hospital, Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 52621, Israel.,The Wohl Institute for Translational Medicine, Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer, Tel Aviv 52621, Israel
| | - Yu Nee Lee
- Pediatric Department A and Immunology Service, Jeffrey Modell Foundation Center, Edmond and Lily Safra Children's Hospital, Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 52621, Israel.,The Wohl Institute for Translational Medicine, Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer, Tel Aviv 52621, Israel
| | - Amos J Simon
- Pediatric Department A and Immunology Service, Jeffrey Modell Foundation Center, Edmond and Lily Safra Children's Hospital, Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 52621, Israel.,The Wohl Institute for Translational Medicine, Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer, Tel Aviv 52621, Israel.,Hematology Laboratory, Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 52621, Israel
| | - Ortal Barel
- The Wohl Institute for Translational Medicine, Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer, Tel Aviv 52621, Israel.,Sheba Cancer Research Center, Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 52621, Israel
| | - Ginette Schiby
- Department of Pathology, Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 52621, Israel
| | - Camila Avivi
- Department of Pathology, Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 52621, Israel
| | - Iris Barshack
- Department of Pathology, Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 52621, Israel
| | - Michele Rhodes
- Blood Cell Development and Function Program, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, PA 19111
| | - Jiejing Yin
- Blood Cell Development and Function Program, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, PA 19111
| | - Minshi Wang
- Blood Cell Development and Function Program, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, PA 19111
| | - Yibin Yang
- Blood Cell Development and Function Program, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, PA 19111
| | - Jennifer Rhodes
- Blood Cell Development and Function Program, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, PA 19111
| | - Nufar Marcus
- Allergy and Immunology Unit, Schneider Children's Medical Center of Israel, Felsenstein Medical Research Center, Kipper Institute of Immunology, Petach Tikva, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 4920235, Israel
| | - Ben-Zion Garty
- Allergy and Immunology Unit, Schneider Children's Medical Center of Israel, Felsenstein Medical Research Center, Kipper Institute of Immunology, Petach Tikva, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 4920235, Israel
| | - Jerry Stein
- Bone Marrow Transplantation Unit, Schneider Children's Medical Center of Israel, Petach Tikva, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 4920235, Israel; and
| | - Ninette Amariglio
- The Wohl Institute for Translational Medicine, Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer, Tel Aviv 52621, Israel.,Hematology Laboratory, Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 52621, Israel.,Sheba Cancer Research Center, Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 52621, Israel.,The Mina and Everard Goodman Faculty of Life Sciences, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat Gan 52900, Israel
| | - Gideon Rechavi
- The Wohl Institute for Translational Medicine, Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer, Tel Aviv 52621, Israel.,Sheba Cancer Research Center, Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 52621, Israel
| | - David L Wiest
- Blood Cell Development and Function Program, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, PA 19111;
| | - Yong Zhang
- Blood Cell Development and Function Program, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, PA 19111;
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21
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Clinical Manifestations and Pathophysiological Mechanisms of the Wiskott-Aldrich Syndrome. J Clin Immunol 2017; 38:13-27. [PMID: 29086100 DOI: 10.1007/s10875-017-0453-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 115] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2017] [Accepted: 10/13/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome (WAS) is a rare X-linked disorder originally described by Dr. Alfred Wiskott in 1937 and Dr. Robert Aldrich in 1954 as a familial disease characterized by infections, bleeding tendency, and eczema. Today, it is well recognized that the syndrome has a wide clinical spectrum ranging from mild, isolated thrombocytopenia to full-blown presentation that can be complicated by life-threatening hemorrhages, immunodeficiency, atopy, autoimmunity, and cancer. The pathophysiology of classic and emerging features is being elucidated by clinical studies, but remains incompletely defined, which hinders the application of targeted therapies. At the same time, progress of hematopoietic stem cell transplantation and gene therapy offer optimistic prospects for treatment options aimed at the replacement of the defective lymphohematopoietic system that have the potential to provide a cure for this rare and polymorphic disease.
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22
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Kuznetsov NV, Almuzzaini B, Kritikou JS, Baptista MAP, Oliveira MMS, Keszei M, Snapper SB, Percipalle P, Westerberg LS. Nuclear Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome protein co-regulates T cell factor 1-mediated transcription in T cells. Genome Med 2017; 9:91. [PMID: 29078804 PMCID: PMC5660450 DOI: 10.1186/s13073-017-0481-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2017] [Accepted: 10/11/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome protein (WASp) family of actin-nucleating factors are present in the cytoplasm and in the nucleus. The role of nuclear WASp for T cell development remains incompletely defined. METHODS We performed WASp chromatin immunoprecipitation and deep sequencing (ChIP-seq) in thymocytes and spleen CD4+ T cells. RESULTS WASp was enriched at genic and intergenic regions and associated with the transcription start sites of protein-coding genes. Thymocytes and spleen CD4+ T cells showed 15 common WASp-interacting genes, including the gene encoding T cell factor (TCF)12. WASp KO thymocytes had reduced nuclear TCF12 whereas thymocytes expressing constitutively active WASpL272P and WASpI296T had increased nuclear TCF12, suggesting that regulated WASp activity controlled nuclear TCF12. We identify a putative DNA element enriched in WASp ChIP-seq samples identical to a TCF1-binding site and we show that WASp directly interacted with TCF1 in the nucleus. CONCLUSIONS These data place nuclear WASp in proximity with TCF1 and TCF12, essential factors for T cell development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikolai V Kuznetsov
- Department of Microbiology Tumor and Cell biology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, 171 77, Sweden
| | - Bader Almuzzaini
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, 171 77, Sweden.,King Abdullah International Medical Research Center/King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences Medical Genomic Research Department, MNGHA, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Joanna S Kritikou
- Department of Microbiology Tumor and Cell biology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, 171 77, Sweden
| | - Marisa A P Baptista
- Department of Microbiology Tumor and Cell biology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, 171 77, Sweden.,Institute for Virology and Immunobiology, University of Würzburg, 97078, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Mariana M S Oliveira
- Department of Microbiology Tumor and Cell biology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, 171 77, Sweden
| | - Marton Keszei
- Department of Microbiology Tumor and Cell biology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, 171 77, Sweden
| | - Scott B Snapper
- Gastroenterology Division, Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Piergiorgio Percipalle
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, 171 77, Sweden.,Biology Program, New York University Abu Dhabi (NYUAD), P.O. Box 129188, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates.,Department of Molecular Biosciences, The Wenner-Gren Institute, Stockholm University, 106 91, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Lisa S Westerberg
- Department of Microbiology Tumor and Cell biology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, 171 77, Sweden.
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23
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Rosati E, Dowds CM, Liaskou E, Henriksen EKK, Karlsen TH, Franke A. Overview of methodologies for T-cell receptor repertoire analysis. BMC Biotechnol 2017; 17:61. [PMID: 28693542 PMCID: PMC5504616 DOI: 10.1186/s12896-017-0379-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 191] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2017] [Accepted: 06/26/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The T-cell receptor (TCR), located on the surface of T cells, is responsible for the recognition of the antigen-major histocompatibility complex, leading to the initiation of an inflammatory response. Analysing the TCR repertoire may help to gain a better understanding of the immune system features and of the aetiology and progression of diseases, in particular those with unknown antigenic triggers. The extreme diversity of the TCR repertoire represents a major analytical challenge; this has led to the development of specialized methods which aim to characterize the TCR repertoire in-depth. Currently, next generation sequencing based technologies are most widely employed for the high-throughput analysis of the immune cell repertoire. Results Here, we report on the latest methodological advancements in the field by describing and comparing the available tools; from the choice of the starting material and library preparation method, to the sequencing technologies and data analysis. Finally, we provide a practical example and our own experience by reporting some exemplary results from a small internal benchmark study, where current approaches from the literature and the market are employed and compared. Conclusions Several valid methods for clonotype identification and TCR repertoire analysis exist, however, a gold standard method for the field has not yet been identified. Depending on the purpose of the scientific study, some approaches may be more suitable than others. Finally, due to possible method specific biases, scientists must be careful when comparing results obtained using different methods. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12896-017-0379-9) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisa Rosati
- Institute of Clinical Molecular Biology, Kiel University, Rosalind-Franklin-Str. 12, 24105, Kiel, Germany
| | - C Marie Dowds
- Institute of Clinical Molecular Biology, Kiel University, Rosalind-Franklin-Str. 12, 24105, Kiel, Germany
| | - Evaggelia Liaskou
- Centre for Liver Research and NIHR Birmingham Liver Biomedical Research Unit, Institute of Immunology and Immunotherapy, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Eva Kristine Klemsdal Henriksen
- Norwegian PSC Research Center, Department of Transplantation Medicine, Division of Surgery, Inflammatory Medicine and Transplantation, Oslo University Hospital Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway.,Research Institute of Internal Medicine, Division of Surgery, Inflammatory Medicine and Transplantation, Oslo University Hospital Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway.,K.G. Jebsen Inflammation Research Centre, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.,Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Tom H Karlsen
- Norwegian PSC Research Center, Department of Transplantation Medicine, Division of Surgery, Inflammatory Medicine and Transplantation, Oslo University Hospital Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway.,Section of Gastroenterology, Department of Transplantation Medicine, Division of Surgery, Inflammatory Medicine and Transplantation, Oslo University Hospital Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway
| | - Andre Franke
- Institute of Clinical Molecular Biology, Kiel University, Rosalind-Franklin-Str. 12, 24105, Kiel, Germany.
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Levy-Mendelovich S, Lev A, Rechavi E, Barel O, Golan H, Bielorai B, Neumann Y, Simon AJ, Somech R. T and B cell clonal expansion in Ras-associated lymphoproliferative disease (RALD) as revealed by next-generation sequencing. Clin Exp Immunol 2017; 189:310-317. [PMID: 28500641 DOI: 10.1111/cei.12986] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/04/2017] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Ras-associated lymphoproliferative disease (RALD) is an autoimmune lymphoproliferative syndrome (ALPS)-like disease caused by mutations in Kirsten rat sarcoma viral oncogene homologue (KRAS) or neuroblastoma RAS viral (V-Ras) oncogene homologue (NRAS). The immunological phenotype and pathogenesis of RALD have yet to be studied extensively. Here we report a thorough immunological investigation of a RALD patient with a somatic KRAS mutation. Patient lymphocytes were analysed for phenotype, immunoglobulin levels and T cell proliferation capacity. T and B cell receptor excision circles (TREC and KREC, respectively), markers of naive T and B cell production, were measured serially for 3 years. T and B cell receptor repertoires were studied using both traditional assays as well as next-generation sequencing (NGS). TREC and KREC declined dramatically with time, as did T cell receptor diversity. NGS analysis demonstrated T and B clonal expansions and marked restriction of T and B cell receptor repertoires compared to healthy controls. Our results demonstrate, at least for our reported RALD patient, how peripheral T and B clonal expansions reciprocally limit lymphocyte production and restrict the lymphocyte receptor repertoire in this disease. Decreased naive lymphocyte production correlated with a clinical deterioration in our patient's immune status, suggesting that TREC and KREC may be used as an aid in monitoring disease progression. Both the methodologies used here and the conclusions regarding immune homeostasis may be applicable to the research of ALPS and other immune dysregulation syndromes.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Levy-Mendelovich
- Pediatric Department A and the Immunology Service, Jeffrey Modell Foundation Center, "Edmond and Lily Safra" Children's Hospital, Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer, Ramat Gan, Israel.,Department of Pediatric Hematology-Oncology and BMT, "Edmond and Lily Safra" Children's Hospital, Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer, Ramat Gan, Israel.,Sackler School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Israel, Ramat Gan, Israel.,National Hemophilia and Thrombosis institute, Sheba Medical center, Tel Hashomer, Ramat Gan, Israel
| | - A Lev
- Pediatric Department A and the Immunology Service, Jeffrey Modell Foundation Center, "Edmond and Lily Safra" Children's Hospital, Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer, Ramat Gan, Israel.,Sackler School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Israel, Ramat Gan, Israel
| | - E Rechavi
- Pediatric Department A and the Immunology Service, Jeffrey Modell Foundation Center, "Edmond and Lily Safra" Children's Hospital, Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer, Ramat Gan, Israel.,Sackler School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Israel, Ramat Gan, Israel
| | - O Barel
- Sackler School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Israel, Ramat Gan, Israel.,Cancer Research Center, Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer, Ramat Gan, Israel
| | - H Golan
- Department of Pediatric Hematology-Oncology and BMT, "Edmond and Lily Safra" Children's Hospital, Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer, Ramat Gan, Israel.,Sackler School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Israel, Ramat Gan, Israel
| | - B Bielorai
- Department of Pediatric Hematology-Oncology and BMT, "Edmond and Lily Safra" Children's Hospital, Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer, Ramat Gan, Israel.,Sackler School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Israel, Ramat Gan, Israel
| | - Y Neumann
- Department of Pediatric Hematology-Oncology and BMT, "Edmond and Lily Safra" Children's Hospital, Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer, Ramat Gan, Israel.,Sackler School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Israel, Ramat Gan, Israel
| | - A J Simon
- Pediatric Department A and the Immunology Service, Jeffrey Modell Foundation Center, "Edmond and Lily Safra" Children's Hospital, Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer, Ramat Gan, Israel.,Sackler School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Israel, Ramat Gan, Israel.,Cancer Research Center, Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer, Ramat Gan, Israel.,Hematology Laboratories, Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer, Ramat Gan, Israel
| | - R Somech
- Pediatric Department A and the Immunology Service, Jeffrey Modell Foundation Center, "Edmond and Lily Safra" Children's Hospital, Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer, Ramat Gan, Israel
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25
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Gallo V, Dotta L, Giardino G, Cirillo E, Lougaris V, D'Assante R, Prandini A, Consolini R, Farrow EG, Thiffault I, Saunders CJ, Leonardi A, Plebani A, Badolato R, Pignata C. Diagnostics of Primary Immunodeficiencies through Next-Generation Sequencing. Front Immunol 2016; 7:466. [PMID: 27872624 PMCID: PMC5098274 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2016.00466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2016] [Accepted: 10/17/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Recently, a growing number of novel genetic defects underlying primary immunodeficiencies (PIDs) have been identified, increasing the number of PID up to more than 250 well-defined forms. Next-generation sequencing (NGS) technologies and proper filtering strategies greatly contributed to this rapid evolution, providing the possibility to rapidly and simultaneously analyze large numbers of genes or the whole exome. OBJECTIVE To evaluate the role of targeted NGS and whole exome sequencing (WES) in the diagnosis of a case series, characterized by complex or atypical clinical features suggesting a PID, difficult to diagnose using the current diagnostic procedures. METHODS We retrospectively analyzed genetic variants identified through targeted NGS or WES in 45 patients with complex PID of unknown etiology. RESULTS Forty-seven variants were identified using targeted NGS, while 5 were identified using WES. Newly identified genetic variants were classified into four groups: (I) variations associated with a well-defined PID, (II) variations associated with atypical features of a well-defined PID, (III) functionally relevant variations potentially involved in the immunological features, and (IV) non-diagnostic genotype, in whom the link with phenotype is missing. We reached a conclusive genetic diagnosis in 7/45 patients (~16%). Among them, four patients presented with a typical well-defined PID. In the remaining three cases, mutations were associated with unexpected clinical features, expanding the phenotypic spectrum of typical PIDs. In addition, we identified 31 variants in 10 patients with complex phenotype, individually not causative per se of the disorder. CONCLUSION NGS technologies represent a cost-effective and rapid first-line genetic approach for the evaluation of complex PIDs. WES, despite a moderate higher cost compared to targeted, is emerging as a valuable tool to reach in a timely manner, a PID diagnosis with a considerable potential to draw genotype-phenotype correlation. Nevertheless, a large fraction of patients still remains without a conclusive diagnosis. In these patients, the sum of non-diagnostic variants might be proven informative in future studies with larger cohorts of patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vera Gallo
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences, Federico II University , Naples , Italy
| | - Laura Dotta
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, "Angelo Nocivelli" Institute for Molecular Medicine, University of Brescia , Brescia , Italy
| | - Giuliana Giardino
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences, Federico II University , Naples , Italy
| | - Emilia Cirillo
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences, Federico II University , Naples , Italy
| | - Vassilios Lougaris
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, "Angelo Nocivelli" Institute for Molecular Medicine, University of Brescia , Brescia , Italy
| | - Roberta D'Assante
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences, Federico II University , Naples , Italy
| | - Alberto Prandini
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, "Angelo Nocivelli" Institute for Molecular Medicine, University of Brescia , Brescia , Italy
| | - Rita Consolini
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa , Pisa , Italy
| | - Emily G Farrow
- Center for Pediatric Genomic Medicine, Children's Mercy Hospital , Kansas City, MO , USA
| | - Isabelle Thiffault
- Center for Pediatric Genomic Medicine, Children's Mercy Hospital , Kansas City, MO , USA
| | - Carol J Saunders
- Center for Pediatric Genomic Medicine, Children's Mercy Hospital , Kansas City, MO , USA
| | - Antonio Leonardi
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnology, Federico II University , Naples , Italy
| | - Alessandro Plebani
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, "Angelo Nocivelli" Institute for Molecular Medicine, University of Brescia , Brescia , Italy
| | - Raffaele Badolato
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, "Angelo Nocivelli" Institute for Molecular Medicine, University of Brescia , Brescia , Italy
| | - Claudio Pignata
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences, Federico II University , Naples , Italy
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26
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Vigdorovich V, Oliver BG, Carbonetti S, Dambrauskas N, Lange MD, Yacoob C, Leahy W, Callahan J, Stamatatos L, Sather DN. Repertoire comparison of the B-cell receptor-encoding loci in humans and rhesus macaques by next-generation sequencing. Clin Transl Immunology 2016; 5:e93. [PMID: 27525066 PMCID: PMC4973324 DOI: 10.1038/cti.2016.42] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2016] [Revised: 06/15/2016] [Accepted: 06/16/2016] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Rhesus macaques (RMs) are a widely used model system for the study of vaccines, infectious diseases and microbial pathogenesis. Their value as a model lies in their close evolutionary relationship to humans, which, in theory, allows them to serve as a close approximation of the human immune system. However, despite their prominence as a human surrogate model system, many aspects of the RM immune system remain ill characterized. In particular, B cell-mediated immunity in macaques has not been sufficiently characterized, and the B-cell receptor-encoding loci have not been thoroughly annotated. To address these gaps, we analyzed the circulating heavy- and light-chain repertoires in humans and RMs by next-generation sequencing. By comparing V gene segment usage, J-segment usage and CDR3 lengths between the two species, we identified several important similarities and differences. These differences were especially notable in the IgM(+) B-cell repertoire. However, the class-switched, antigen-educated B-cell populations converged on a set of similar characteristics, implying similarities in how each species responds to antigen. Our study provides the first comprehensive overview of the circulating repertoires of the heavy- and light-chain sequences in RMs, and provides insight into how they may perform as a model system for B cell-mediated immunity in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vladimir Vigdorovich
- Center for Infectious Disease Research (formerly Seattle BioMed) , Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Brian G Oliver
- Center for Infectious Disease Research (formerly Seattle BioMed) , Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Sara Carbonetti
- Center for Infectious Disease Research (formerly Seattle BioMed) , Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Nicholas Dambrauskas
- Center for Infectious Disease Research (formerly Seattle BioMed) , Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Miles D Lange
- Center for Infectious Disease Research (formerly Seattle BioMed) , Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Christina Yacoob
- Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Viral and Infectious Disease Division , Seattle, WA, USA
| | | | | | - Leonidas Stamatatos
- Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Viral and Infectious Disease Division , Seattle, WA, USA
| | - D Noah Sather
- Center for Infectious Disease Research (formerly Seattle BioMed) , Seattle, WA, USA
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27
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Hrdlickova R, Toloue M, Tian B. RNA-Seq methods for transcriptome analysis. WILEY INTERDISCIPLINARY REVIEWS-RNA 2016; 8. [PMID: 27198714 DOI: 10.1002/wrna.1364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 330] [Impact Index Per Article: 41.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2016] [Revised: 04/18/2016] [Accepted: 04/19/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Deep sequencing has been revolutionizing biology and medicine in recent years, providing single base-level precision for our understanding of nucleic acid sequences in high throughput fashion. Sequencing of RNA, or RNA-Seq, is now a common method to analyze gene expression and to uncover novel RNA species. Aspects of RNA biogenesis and metabolism can be interrogated with specialized methods for cDNA library preparation. In this study, we review current RNA-Seq methods for general analysis of gene expression and several specific applications, including isoform and gene fusion detection, digital gene expression profiling, targeted sequencing and single-cell analysis. In addition, we discuss approaches to examine aspects of RNA in the cell, technical challenges of existing RNA-Seq methods, and future directions. WIREs RNA 2017, 8:e1364. doi: 10.1002/wrna.1364 For further resources related to this article, please visit the WIREs website.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Bin Tian
- Department of Microbiology, Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, Newark, NJ, USA
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28
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Ligase-4 Deficiency Causes Distinctive Immune Abnormalities in Asymptomatic Individuals. J Clin Immunol 2016; 36:341-53. [PMID: 27063650 DOI: 10.1007/s10875-016-0266-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2016] [Accepted: 03/07/2016] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE DNA Ligase 4 (LIG4) is a key factor in the non-homologous end-joining (NHEJ) DNA double-strand break repair pathway needed for V(D)J recombination and the generation of the T cell receptor and immunoglobulin molecules. Defects in LIG4 result in a variable syndrome of growth retardation, pancytopenia, combined immunodeficiency, cellular radiosensitivity, and developmental delay. METHODS We diagnosed a patient with LIG4 syndrome by radiosensitivity testing on peripheral blood cells, and established that two of her four healthy siblings carried the same compound heterozygous LIG4 mutations. An extensive analysis of the immune phenotype, cellular radiosensitivity, telomere length, and T and B cell antigen receptor repertoire was performed in all siblings. RESULTS In the three genotypically affected individuals, variable severities of radiosensitivity, alterations of T and B cell counts with an increased percentage of memory cells, and hypogammaglobulinemia, were noticed. Analysis of T and B cell antigen receptor repertoires demonstrated increased usage of alternative microhomology-mediated end-joining (MHMEJ) repair, leading to diminished N nucleotide addition and shorter CDR3 length. However, overall repertoire diversity was preserved. CONCLUSIONS We demonstrate that LIG4 syndrome presents with high clinical variability even within the same family, and that distinctive immunologic abnormalities may be observed also in yet asymptomatic individuals.
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29
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N-WASP is required for B-cell-mediated autoimmunity in Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome. Blood 2015; 127:216-20. [PMID: 26468226 DOI: 10.1182/blood-2015-05-643817] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2015] [Accepted: 10/04/2015] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Mutations of the Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome gene (WAS) are responsible for Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome (WAS), a disease characterized by thrombocytopenia, eczema, immunodeficiency, and autoimmunity. Mice with conditional deficiency of Was in B lymphocytes (B/WcKO) have revealed a critical role for WAS protein (WASP) expression in B lymphocytes in the maintenance of immune homeostasis. Neural WASP (N-WASP) is a broadly expressed homolog of WASP, and regulates B-cell signaling by modulating B-cell receptor (BCR) clustering and internalization. We have generated a double conditional mouse lacking both WASP and N-WASP selectively in B lymphocytes (B/DcKO). Compared with B/WcKO mice, B/DcKO mice showed defective B-lymphocyte proliferation and impaired antibody responses to T-cell-dependent antigens, associated with decreased autoantibody production and lack of autoimmune kidney disease. These results demonstrate that N-WASP expression in B lymphocytes is required for the development of autoimmunity of WAS and may represent a novel therapeutic target in WAS.
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30
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Kolhatkar NS, Brahmandam A, Thouvenel CD, Becker-Herman S, Jacobs HM, Schwartz MA, Allenspach EJ, Khim S, Panigrahi AK, Luning Prak ET, Thrasher AJ, Notarangelo LD, Candotti F, Torgerson TR, Sanz I, Rawlings DJ. Altered BCR and TLR signals promote enhanced positive selection of autoreactive transitional B cells in Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015; 212:1663-77. [PMID: 26371186 PMCID: PMC4577851 DOI: 10.1084/jem.20150585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2015] [Accepted: 08/11/2015] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome (WAS) is an X-linked immunodeficiency disorder frequently associated with systemic autoimmunity, including autoantibody-mediated cytopenias. WAS protein (WASp)-deficient B cells have increased B cell receptor (BCR) and Toll-like receptor (TLR) signaling, suggesting that these pathways might impact establishment of the mature, naive BCR repertoire. To directly investigate this possibility, we evaluated naive B cell specificity and composition in WASp-deficient mice and WAS subjects (n = 12). High-throughput sequencing and single-cell cloning analysis of the BCR repertoire revealed altered heavy chain usage and enrichment for low-affinity self-reactive specificities in murine marginal zone and human naive B cells. Although negative selection mechanisms including deletion, anergy, and receptor editing were relatively unperturbed, WASp-deficient transitional B cells showed enhanced proliferation in vivo mediated by antigen- and Myd88-dependent signals. Finally, using both BCR sequencing and cell surface analysis with a monoclonal antibody recognizing an intrinsically autoreactive heavy chain, we show enrichment in self-reactive cells specifically at the transitional to naive mature B cell stage in WAS subjects. Our combined data support a model wherein modest alterations in B cell-intrinsic, BCR, and TLR signals in WAS, and likely other autoimmune disorders, are sufficient to alter B cell tolerance via positive selection of self-reactive transitional B cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikita S Kolhatkar
- Department of Immunology and Department of Pediatrics, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA 98195
| | - Archana Brahmandam
- Department of Immunology and Department of Pediatrics, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA 98195 Center for Immunity and Immunotherapies, Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, WA 98101
| | - Christopher D Thouvenel
- Department of Immunology and Department of Pediatrics, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA 98195 Center for Immunity and Immunotherapies, Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, WA 98101
| | - Shirly Becker-Herman
- Department of Immunology and Department of Pediatrics, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA 98195 Center for Immunity and Immunotherapies, Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, WA 98101
| | - Holly M Jacobs
- Department of Immunology and Department of Pediatrics, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA 98195 Center for Immunity and Immunotherapies, Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, WA 98101
| | - Marc A Schwartz
- Department of Immunology and Department of Pediatrics, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA 98195
| | - Eric J Allenspach
- Department of Immunology and Department of Pediatrics, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA 98195
| | - Socheath Khim
- Department of Immunology and Department of Pediatrics, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA 98195 Center for Immunity and Immunotherapies, Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, WA 98101
| | - Anil K Panigrahi
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104
| | - Eline T Luning Prak
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104
| | - Adrian J Thrasher
- Molecular Immunology Unit, Section of Molecular and Cellular Immunology, Centre for Immunodeficiency, University College London Institute of Child Health, London WC1N 1EH, England, UK
| | | | - Fabio Candotti
- Genetics and Molecular Biology Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892
| | - Troy R Torgerson
- Department of Immunology and Department of Pediatrics, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA 98195 Center for Immunity and Immunotherapies, Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, WA 98101
| | - Ignacio Sanz
- Lowance Center for Human Immunology and Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322 Lowance Center for Human Immunology and Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322
| | - David J Rawlings
- Department of Immunology and Department of Pediatrics, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA 98195 Department of Immunology and Department of Pediatrics, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA 98195 Center for Immunity and Immunotherapies, Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, WA 98101
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Dahlberg CIM, Torres ML, Petersen SH, Baptista MAP, Keszei M, Volpi S, Grasset EK, Karlsson MCI, Walter JE, Snapper SB, Notarangelo LD, Westerberg LS. Deletion of WASp and N-WASp in B cells cripples the germinal center response and results in production of IgM autoantibodies. J Autoimmun 2015; 62:81-92. [PMID: 26143192 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaut.2015.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2015] [Revised: 06/09/2015] [Accepted: 06/11/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Humoral immunodeficiency caused by mutations in the Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome protein (WASp) is associated with failure to respond to common pathogens and high frequency of autoimmunity. Here we addressed the question how deficiency in WASp and the homologous protein N-WASp skews the immune response towards autoreactivity. Mice devoid of WASp or both WASp and N-WASp in B cells formed germinal center to increased load of apoptotic cells as a source of autoantigens. However, the germinal centers showed abolished polarity and B cells retained longer and proliferated less in the germinal centers. While WASp-deficient mice had high titers of autoreactive IgG, B cells devoid of both WASp and N-WASp produced mainly IgM autoantibodies with broad reactivity to autoantigens. Moreover, B cells lacking both WASp and N-WASp induced somatic hypermutation at reduced frequency. Despite this, IgG1-expressing B cells devoid of WASp and N-WASp acquired a specific high affinity mutation, implying an increased BCR signaling threshold for selection in germinal centers. Our data provides evidence for that N-WASp expression alone drives WASp-deficient B cells towards autoimmunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carin I M Dahlberg
- Department of Microbiology Tumor and Cell Biology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm 171 77, Sweden
| | - Magda-Liz Torres
- Department of Microbiology Tumor and Cell Biology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm 171 77, Sweden
| | - Sven H Petersen
- Department of Microbiology Tumor and Cell Biology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm 171 77, Sweden
| | - Marisa A P Baptista
- Department of Microbiology Tumor and Cell Biology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm 171 77, Sweden
| | - Marton Keszei
- Department of Microbiology Tumor and Cell Biology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm 171 77, Sweden
| | - Stefano Volpi
- Division of Immunology, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Emilie K Grasset
- Department of Microbiology Tumor and Cell Biology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm 171 77, Sweden
| | - Mikael C I Karlsson
- Department of Microbiology Tumor and Cell Biology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm 171 77, Sweden
| | - Jolan E Walter
- Division of Immunology, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Pediatric Immunodeficiency Program, Division of Allergy, Massachusetts General Hospital for Children, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Scott B Snapper
- Gastroenterology Division, Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Luigi D Notarangelo
- Division of Immunology, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Lisa S Westerberg
- Department of Microbiology Tumor and Cell Biology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm 171 77, Sweden.
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Cotta-de-Almeida V, Dupré L, Guipouy D, Vasconcelos Z. Signal Integration during T Lymphocyte Activation and Function: Lessons from the Wiskott-Aldrich Syndrome. Front Immunol 2015; 6:47. [PMID: 25709608 PMCID: PMC4321635 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2015.00047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2014] [Accepted: 01/26/2015] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Over the last decades, research dedicated to the molecular and cellular mechanisms underlying primary immunodeficiencies (PID) has helped to understand the etiology of many of these diseases and to develop novel therapeutic approaches. Beyond these aspects, PID are also studied because they offer invaluable natural genetic tools to dissect the human immune system. In this review, we highlight the research that has focused over the last 20 years on T lymphocytes from Wiskott–Aldrich syndrome (WAS) patients. WAS T lymphocytes are defective for the WAS protein (WASP), a regulator of actin cytoskeleton remodeling. Therefore, study of WAS T lymphocytes has helped to grasp that many steps of T lymphocyte activation and function depend on the crosstalk between membrane receptors and the actin cytoskeleton. These steps include motility, immunological synapse assembly, and signaling, as well as the implementation of helper, regulatory, or cytotoxic effector functions. The recent concept that WASP also works as a regulator of transcription within the nucleus is an illustration of the complexity of signal integration in T lymphocytes. Finally, this review will discuss how further study of WAS may contribute to solve novel challenges of T lymphocyte biology.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Loïc Dupré
- UMR 1043, Centre de Physiopathologie de Toulouse Purpan, INSERM , Toulouse , France ; Université Toulouse III Paul-Sabatier , Toulouse , France ; UMR 5282, CNRS , Toulouse , France
| | - Delphine Guipouy
- UMR 1043, Centre de Physiopathologie de Toulouse Purpan, INSERM , Toulouse , France ; Université Toulouse III Paul-Sabatier , Toulouse , France ; UMR 5282, CNRS , Toulouse , France
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Petersen SH, Sendel A, van der Burg M, Westerberg LS. Unraveling the repertoire in Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome. Front Immunol 2014; 5:539. [PMID: 25386182 PMCID: PMC4209863 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2014.00539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2014] [Accepted: 10/11/2014] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Sven H. Petersen
- Department of Microbiology Tumor and Cell Biology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Anton Sendel
- Department of Microbiology Tumor and Cell Biology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Mirjam van der Burg
- Department of Immunology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Lisa S. Westerberg
- Department of Microbiology Tumor and Cell Biology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
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