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Prolonged Antiretroviral Treatment Induces Adipose Tissue Remodelling Associated with Mild Inflammation in SIV-Infected Macaques. Cells 2022; 11:cells11193104. [PMID: 36231066 PMCID: PMC9561982 DOI: 10.3390/cells11193104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2022] [Revised: 09/27/2022] [Accepted: 09/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
During chronic SIV/HIV infection, adipose tissue (AT) is the target of both antiretroviral treatment (ART) and the virus. AT might subsequently contribute to the low-grade systemic inflammation observed in patients on ART. To evaluate the inflammatory profile of AT during chronic SIV/HIV infection, we assayed subcutaneous and visceral abdominal AT from non-infected (SIV−, control), ART-naïve SIV-infected (SIV+) and ART-controlled SIV-infected (SIV+ART+) cynomolgus macaques for the mRNA expression of genes coding for factors related to inflammation. Significant differences were observed only when comparing the SIV+ART+ group with the SIV+ and/or SIV− groups. ART-treated infection impacted the metabolic fraction (with elevated expression of PPARγ and CEBPα), the extracellular matrix (with elevated expression of COL1A2 and HIF-1α), and the inflammatory profile. Both pro- and anti-inflammatory signatures were detected in AT, with greater mRNA expression of anti-inflammatory markers (adiponectin and CD163) and markers associated with inflammation (TNF-α, Mx1, CCL5 and CX3CL1). There were no intergroup differences in other markers (IL-6 and MCP-1). In conclusion, we observed marked differences in the immune and metabolic profiles of AT in the context of an ART-treated, chronic SIV infection; these differences were related more to ART than to SIV infection per se.
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Oriol-Tordera B, Berdasco M, Llano A, Mothe B, Gálvez C, Martinez-Picado J, Carrillo J, Blanco J, Duran-Castells C, Ganoza C, Sanchez J, Clotet B, Calle ML, Sánchez-Pla A, Esteller M, Brander C, Ruiz-Riol M. Methylation regulation of Antiviral host factors, Interferon Stimulated Genes (ISGs) and T-cell responses associated with natural HIV control. PLoS Pathog 2020; 16:e1008678. [PMID: 32760119 PMCID: PMC7410168 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1008678] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2020] [Accepted: 06/03/2020] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
GWAS, immune analyses and biomarker screenings have identified host factors associated with in vivo HIV-1 control. However, there is a gap in the knowledge about the mechanisms that regulate the expression of such host factors. Here, we aimed to assess DNA methylation impact on host genome in natural HIV-1 control. To this end, whole DNA methylome in 70 untreated HIV-1 infected individuals with either high (>50,000 HIV-1-RNA copies/ml, n = 29) or low (<10,000 HIV-1-RNA copies/ml, n = 41) plasma viral load (pVL) levels were compared and identified 2,649 differentially methylated positions (DMPs). Of these, a classification random forest model selected 55 DMPs that correlated with virologic (pVL and proviral levels) and HIV-1 specific adaptive immunity parameters (IFNg-T cell responses and neutralizing antibodies capacity). Then, cluster and functional analyses identified two DMP clusters: cluster 1 contained hypo-methylated genes involved in antiviral and interferon response (e.g. PARP9, MX1, and USP18) in individuals with high viral loads while in cluster 2, genes related to T follicular helper cell (Tfh) commitment (e.g. CXCR5 and TCF7) were hyper-methylated in the same group of individuals with uncontrolled infection. For selected genes, mRNA levels negatively correlated with DNA methylation, confirming an epigenetic regulation of gene expression. Further, these gene expression signatures were also confirmed in early and chronic stages of infection, including untreated, cART treated and elite controllers HIV-1 infected individuals (n = 37). These data provide the first evidence that host genes critically involved in immune control of the virus are under methylation regulation in HIV-1 infection. These insights may offer new opportunities to identify novel mechanisms of in vivo virus control and may prove crucial for the development of future therapeutic interventions aimed at HIV-1 cure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bruna Oriol-Tordera
- IrsiCaixa AIDS Research Institute, Hospital Germans Trias i Pujol, Institute for Health Science Research Germans Trias i Pujol (IGTP), Badalona, Spain
| | - Maria Berdasco
- Cancer Epigenetics and Biology Program (PEBC), Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
- Josep Carreras Leukaemia Research Institute (IJC), Badalona, Spain
| | - Anuska Llano
- IrsiCaixa AIDS Research Institute, Hospital Germans Trias i Pujol, Institute for Health Science Research Germans Trias i Pujol (IGTP), Badalona, Spain
| | - Beatriz Mothe
- IrsiCaixa AIDS Research Institute, Hospital Germans Trias i Pujol, Institute for Health Science Research Germans Trias i Pujol (IGTP), Badalona, Spain
- University of Vic—Central University of Catalonia, Catalonia, Vic, Spain
- Fundació Lluita contra la Sida, Infectious Disease Department, Hospital Universitari Germans Trias i Pujol, Badalona, Spain
| | - Cristina Gálvez
- IrsiCaixa AIDS Research Institute, Hospital Germans Trias i Pujol, Institute for Health Science Research Germans Trias i Pujol (IGTP), Badalona, Spain
| | - Javier Martinez-Picado
- IrsiCaixa AIDS Research Institute, Hospital Germans Trias i Pujol, Institute for Health Science Research Germans Trias i Pujol (IGTP), Badalona, Spain
- University of Vic—Central University of Catalonia, Catalonia, Vic, Spain
- Catalan Institution for Research and Advanced Studies (ICREA), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Jorge Carrillo
- IrsiCaixa AIDS Research Institute, Hospital Germans Trias i Pujol, Institute for Health Science Research Germans Trias i Pujol (IGTP), Badalona, Spain
| | - Julià Blanco
- IrsiCaixa AIDS Research Institute, Hospital Germans Trias i Pujol, Institute for Health Science Research Germans Trias i Pujol (IGTP), Badalona, Spain
- University of Vic—Central University of Catalonia, Catalonia, Vic, Spain
| | - Clara Duran-Castells
- IrsiCaixa AIDS Research Institute, Hospital Germans Trias i Pujol, Institute for Health Science Research Germans Trias i Pujol (IGTP), Badalona, Spain
| | - Carmela Ganoza
- Asociación Civil IMPACTA Salud y Educacion, Lima, Peru
- Alberto Hurtado School of Medicine, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Peru
| | - Jorge Sanchez
- Asociación Civil IMPACTA Salud y Educacion, Lima, Peru
- Department of Global Health, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
- Centro de Investigaciones Tecnológicas, Biomédicas y Medioambientales, CITBM, Lima, Peru
| | - Bonaventura Clotet
- IrsiCaixa AIDS Research Institute, Hospital Germans Trias i Pujol, Institute for Health Science Research Germans Trias i Pujol (IGTP), Badalona, Spain
- University of Vic—Central University of Catalonia, Catalonia, Vic, Spain
- Fundació Lluita contra la Sida, Infectious Disease Department, Hospital Universitari Germans Trias i Pujol, Badalona, Spain
| | - Maria Luz Calle
- University of Vic—Central University of Catalonia, Catalonia, Vic, Spain
| | - Alex Sánchez-Pla
- Statistics Department, Biology Faculty, University of Barcelona, Spain
- Statistics and Bioinformatics Unit Vall d'Hebron Institut de Recerca (VHIR), Spain
| | - Manel Esteller
- Josep Carreras Leukaemia Research Institute (IJC), Badalona, Spain
- Catalan Institution for Research and Advanced Studies (ICREA), Barcelona, Spain
- Centro de Investigacion Biomedica en Red Cancer (CIBERONC), Madrid, Spain
- Physiological Sciences Department, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Barcelona (UB), Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Christian Brander
- IrsiCaixa AIDS Research Institute, Hospital Germans Trias i Pujol, Institute for Health Science Research Germans Trias i Pujol (IGTP), Badalona, Spain
- University of Vic—Central University of Catalonia, Catalonia, Vic, Spain
- Catalan Institution for Research and Advanced Studies (ICREA), Barcelona, Spain
- AELIX Therapeutics, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Marta Ruiz-Riol
- IrsiCaixa AIDS Research Institute, Hospital Germans Trias i Pujol, Institute for Health Science Research Germans Trias i Pujol (IGTP), Badalona, Spain
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Puente-Marin S, Nombela I, Chico V, Ciordia S, Mena MC, Coll J, Mercado L, Ortega-Villaizan MDM. Rainbow Trout Erythrocytes ex vivo Transfection With a DNA Vaccine Encoding VHSV Glycoprotein G Induces an Antiviral Immune Response. Front Immunol 2018; 9:2477. [PMID: 30429850 PMCID: PMC6220650 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.02477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2018] [Accepted: 10/08/2018] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Fish red blood cells (RBCs), are integral in several biologic processes relevant to immunity, such as pathogen recognition, pathogen binding and clearance, and production of effector molecules and cytokines. So far, one of the best strategies to control and prevent viral diseases in aquaculture is DNA immunization. DNA vaccines (based on the rhabdoviral glycoprotein G [gpG] gene) have been shown to be effective against fish rhabdoviruses. However, more knowledge about the immune response triggered by DNA immunization is necessary to develop novel and more effective strategies. In this study, we investigated the role of fish RBCs in immune responses induced by DNA vaccines. We show for the first time that rainbow trout RBCs express gpG of viral hemorrhagic septicaemia virus (VHSV) (GVHSV) when transfected with the DNA vaccine ex vivo and modulate the expression of immune genes and proteins. Functional network analysis of transcriptome profiling of RBCs expressing GVHSV revealed changes in gene expression related to G-protein coupled receptor (GPCR)-downstream signaling, complement activation, and RAR related orphan receptor α (RORA). Proteomic profile functional network analysis of GVHSV-transfected RBCs revealed proteins involved in the detoxification of reactive oxygen species, interferon-stimulated gene 15 (ISG15) antiviral mechanisms, antigen presentation of exogenous peptides, and the proteasome. Conditioned medium of GVHSV-transfected RBCs conferred antiviral protection and induced ifn1 and mx gene expression in RTG-2 cells infected with VHSV. In summary, rainbow trout nucleated RBCs could be actively participating in the regulation of the fish immune response to GVHSV DNA vaccine, and thus may represent a possible carrier cells for the development of new vaccine approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Puente-Marin
- Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular, Universidad Miguel Hernández, Elche, Spain
| | - Ivan Nombela
- Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular, Universidad Miguel Hernández, Elche, Spain
| | - Veronica Chico
- Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular, Universidad Miguel Hernández, Elche, Spain
| | - Sergio Ciordia
- Unidad de Proteómica, Centro Nacional de Biotecnología (CNB-CSIC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Maria Carmen Mena
- Unidad de Proteómica, Centro Nacional de Biotecnología (CNB-CSIC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Julio Coll
- Instituto Nacional de Investigaciones Agrarias, Biotecnología, Madrid, Spain
| | - Luis Mercado
- Instituto de Biología, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Valparaíso Valparaíso, Chile
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Valero Y, Boughlala B, Arizcun M, Patel S, Fiksdal IU, Esteban MÁ, De Juan J, Meseguer J, Chaves-Pozo E, Cuesta A. Genes related to cell-mediated cytotoxicity and interferon response are induced in the retina of European sea bass upon intravitreal infection with nodavirus. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2018; 74:627-636. [PMID: 29414318 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2018.01.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2017] [Revised: 01/18/2018] [Accepted: 01/21/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Viral diseases are responsible for high rates of mortality and subsequent economic losses in modern aquaculture. The nervous necrosis virus (NNV) produces viral encephalopathy and retinopathy (VER), which affects the central nervous system, is considered one of the most serious viral diseases in marine aquaculture. Although some studies have localized NNV in the retina cells, none has dealt with immunity in the retina. Thus, for the first time, we intravitreally infected healthy specimens of European sea bass (Dicentrarchus labrax) with NNV with the aim of characterizing the immune response in the retina. Ultrastructural analysis detected important retinal injuries and structure degradation, including pycnosis, hydropic degeneration and vacuolization in some cell layers as well as myelin sheaths in the optic nerve fibres. Immunohistochemistry demonstrated that NNV replicated in the eyes. Regarding retinal immunity, NNV infection elicited the transcription of genes encoding proteins involved in the interferon (IFN) and cell-mediated cytotoxicity (CMC) responses as well as B and T cell markers, demonstrating that viral replication influences innate and adaptive responses. Further studies are needed to understand the retina immunity and whether the main retinal function, vision, is affected by nodavirus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yulema Valero
- Centro Oceanográfico de Murcia, Instituto Español de Oceanografía (IEO), Carretera de la Azohía s/n, Puerto de Mazarrón, 30860, Murcia, Spain; Grupo de Marcadores Inmunológicos, Laboratorio de Genética e Inmunología Molecular, Instituto de Biología, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Valparaíso, Valparaíso, Chile
| | - Bassima Boughlala
- Departamento de Biotecnología, Universidad de Alicante, Ctra. San Vicente-Alicante s/n, 03080, Alicante, Spain
| | - Marta Arizcun
- Centro Oceanográfico de Murcia, Instituto Español de Oceanografía (IEO), Carretera de la Azohía s/n, Puerto de Mazarrón, 30860, Murcia, Spain
| | - Sonal Patel
- Diseases and Pathogen Transmission, Institute of Marine Research, Nordnesgaten 50, 5005, Bergen, Norway
| | - Ingrid U Fiksdal
- Diseases and Pathogen Transmission, Institute of Marine Research, Nordnesgaten 50, 5005, Bergen, Norway
| | - M Ángeles Esteban
- Fish Innate Immune System Group, Department of Cell Biology and Histology, Faculty of Biology, Campus Regional de Excelencia Internacional "Campus Mare Nostrum", University of Murcia, 30100, Murcia, Spain
| | - Joaquín De Juan
- Departamento de Biotecnología, Universidad de Alicante, Ctra. San Vicente-Alicante s/n, 03080, Alicante, Spain
| | - José Meseguer
- Fish Innate Immune System Group, Department of Cell Biology and Histology, Faculty of Biology, Campus Regional de Excelencia Internacional "Campus Mare Nostrum", University of Murcia, 30100, Murcia, Spain
| | - Elena Chaves-Pozo
- Centro Oceanográfico de Murcia, Instituto Español de Oceanografía (IEO), Carretera de la Azohía s/n, Puerto de Mazarrón, 30860, Murcia, Spain
| | - Alberto Cuesta
- Fish Innate Immune System Group, Department of Cell Biology and Histology, Faculty of Biology, Campus Regional de Excelencia Internacional "Campus Mare Nostrum", University of Murcia, 30100, Murcia, Spain.
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