1
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Liu J, Ding M, Bai J, Luo R, Liu R, Qu J, Li X. Decoding the role of immune T cells: A new territory for improvement of metabolic-associated fatty liver disease. IMETA 2023; 2:e76. [PMID: 38868343 PMCID: PMC10989916 DOI: 10.1002/imt2.76] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2022] [Revised: 12/13/2022] [Accepted: 12/16/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2024]
Abstract
Metabolic-associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD) is a new emerging concept and is associated with metabolic dysfunction, generally replacing the name of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) due to heterogeneous liver condition and inaccuracies in definition. The prevalence of MAFLD is rising by year due to dietary changes, metabolic disorders, and no approved therapy, affecting a quarter of the global population and representing a major economic problem that burdens healthcare systems. Currently, in addition to the common causative factors like insulin resistance, oxidative stress, and lipotoxicity, the role of immune cells, especially T cells, played in MAFLD is increasingly being emphasized by global scholars. Based on the diverse classification and pathophysiological effects of immune T cells, we comprehensively analyzed their bidirectional regulatory effects on the hepatic inflammatory microenvironment and MAFLD progression. This interaction between MAFLD and T cells was also associated with hepatic-intestinal immune crosstalk and gut microbiota homeostasis. Moreover, we pointed out several T-cell-based therapeutic approaches including but not limited to adoptive transfer of T cells, fecal microbiota transplantation, and drug therapy, especially for natural products and Chinese herbal prescriptions. Overall, this study contributes to a better understanding of the important role of T cells played in MAFLD progression and corresponding therapeutic options and provides a potential reference for further drug development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia Liu
- School of Life SciencesBeijing University of Chinese MedicineBeijingChina
| | - Mingning Ding
- School of Life SciencesBeijing University of Chinese MedicineBeijingChina
| | - Jinzhao Bai
- School of Chinese Materia MedicaBeijing University of Chinese MedicineBeijingChina
| | - Ranyi Luo
- School of Life SciencesBeijing University of Chinese MedicineBeijingChina
| | - Runping Liu
- School of Chinese Materia MedicaBeijing University of Chinese MedicineBeijingChina
| | - Jiaorong Qu
- School of Life SciencesBeijing University of Chinese MedicineBeijingChina
| | - Xiaojiaoyang Li
- School of Life SciencesBeijing University of Chinese MedicineBeijingChina
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2
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Yazdanifar M, Mashkour N, Bertaina A. Making a case for using γδ T cells against SARS-CoV-2. Crit Rev Microbiol 2020; 46:689-702. [PMID: 33023358 DOI: 10.1080/1040841x.2020.1822279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Intensive worldwide efforts are underway to determine both the pathogenesis of SARS-CoV-2 infection and the immune responses in COVID-19 patients in order to develop effective therapeutics and vaccines. One type of cell that may contribute to these immune responses is the γδ T lymphocyte, which plays a key role in immunosurveillance of the mucosal and epithelial barriers by rapidly responding to pathogens. Although found in low numbers in blood, γδ T cells consist the majority of tissue-resident T cells and participate in the front line of the host immune defense. Previous studies have demonstrated the critical protective role of γδ T cells in immune responses to other respiratory viruses, including SARS-CoV-1. However, no studies have profoundly investigated these cells in COVID-19 patients to date. γδ T cells can be safely expanded in vivo using existing inexpensive FDA-approved drugs such as bisphosphonate, in order to test its protective immune response to SARS-CoV-2. To support this line of research, we review insights gained from previous coronavirus research, along with recent findings, discussing the potential role of γδ T cells in controlling SARS-CoV-2. We conclude by proposing several strategies to enhance γδ T cell's antiviral function, which may be used in developing therapies for COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahboubeh Yazdanifar
- Stem Cell Transplantation and Regenerative Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, CA, USA
| | - Narges Mashkour
- Australian Institute of Tropical Health and Medicine, CPHMVS, James Cook University, Townsville, QLD, Australia
| | - Alice Bertaina
- Stem Cell Transplantation and Regenerative Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, CA, USA
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3
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Lei L, Qian H, Yang X, Zhang X, Zhang D, Dai T, Guo R, Shi L, Cheng Y, Zhang B, Zhou X, Hu J, Guo Y. The phenotypic changes of γδ T cells in COVID-19 patients. J Cell Mol Med 2020; 24:11603-11606. [PMID: 32864865 PMCID: PMC7576249 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.15620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2020] [Revised: 06/07/2020] [Accepted: 06/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
A novel pneumonia-associated respiratory syndrome named coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19), which was caused by SARS-CoV-2,broke out in Wuhan, China, in the end of 2019. Unfortunately, there is no specific antiviral agent or vaccine available to treat SARS-CoV-2 infections. The information regarding the immunological characteristics in COVID-19 patients remains limited. Here, we collected the blood samples from 18 healthy donors (HD) and 38 COVID-19 patients to analyze changes on γδ T cell population. In comparison with HD, the γδ T cell percentage decreased, while the activation marker CD25 expression increased in response to SARS-CoV-2 infection. Interestingly, the CD4 expression was upregulated in γδ T cells reflecting the occurrence of a specific effector cell population, which may serve as a biomarker for the assessment of SARS-CoV-2 infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Lei
- Department of Pathogenic Microbiology and Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, China
| | - Hongbo Qian
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The 8th hospital of Xi'an, Xi'an, China
| | - Xiaofang Yang
- Department of Pathogenic Microbiology and Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, China
| | - Xingzhe Zhang
- Department of Pathogenic Microbiology and Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, China
| | - Dan Zhang
- Department of Pathogenic Microbiology and Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, China
| | - Tongxin Dai
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The 8th hospital of Xi'an, Xi'an, China
| | - Rui Guo
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The 8th hospital of Xi'an, Xi'an, China
| | - Lin Shi
- Department of Pathogenic Microbiology and Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, China
| | - Yanbin Cheng
- Department of Pathogenic Microbiology and Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, China
| | - Baojun Zhang
- Department of Pathogenic Microbiology and Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, China
| | - Xiaobo Zhou
- Department of Pathogenic Microbiology and Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, China.,Key Laboratory of Environment and Genes Related to Diseases, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, China.,Institute of Infection and Immunity, Translational Medicine Institute, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, China
| | - Jinsong Hu
- Department of Cell Biology and Genetics, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, China
| | - Yaling Guo
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The 8th hospital of Xi'an, Xi'an, China
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4
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Yazdanifar M, Barbarito G, Bertaina A, Airoldi I. γδ T Cells: The Ideal Tool for Cancer Immunotherapy. Cells 2020; 9:E1305. [PMID: 32456316 PMCID: PMC7290982 DOI: 10.3390/cells9051305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2020] [Revised: 05/20/2020] [Accepted: 05/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
γδ T cells have recently gained considerable attention as an attractive tool for cancer adoptive immunotherapy due to their potent anti-tumor activity and unique role in immunosurveillance. The remarkable success of engineered T cells for the treatment of hematological malignancies has revolutionized the field of adoptive cell immunotherapy. Accordingly, major efforts are underway to translate this exciting technology to the treatment of solid tumors and the development of allogeneic therapies. The unique features of γδ T cells, including their major histocompatibility complex (MHC)-independent anti-cancer activity, tissue tropism, and multivalent response against a broad spectrum of the tumors, render them ideal for designing universal 'third-party' cell products, with the potential to overcome the challenges of allogeneic cell therapy. In this review, we describe the crucial role of γδ T cells in anti-tumor immunosurveillance and we summarize the different approaches used for the ex vivo and in vivo expansion of γδ T cells suitable for the development of novel strategies for cancer therapy. We further discuss the different transduction strategies aiming at redirecting or improving the function of γδ T cells, as well as, the considerations for the clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahboubeh Yazdanifar
- Stem Cell Transplantation and Regenerative Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, CA 94305, USA; (M.Y.); (G.B.)
| | - Giulia Barbarito
- Stem Cell Transplantation and Regenerative Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, CA 94305, USA; (M.Y.); (G.B.)
| | - Alice Bertaina
- Stem Cell Transplantation and Regenerative Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, CA 94305, USA; (M.Y.); (G.B.)
| | - Irma Airoldi
- Laboratorio Cellule Staminali post-natali e Terapie Cellulari, IRCCS G. Gaslini, Via G. Gaslini 5, 16147 Genova, Italy
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5
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Biernacki MA, Sheth VS, Bleakley M. T cell optimization for graft-versus-leukemia responses. JCI Insight 2020; 5:134939. [PMID: 32376800 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.134939] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Protection from relapse after allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation (HCT) is partly due to donor T cell-mediated graft-versus-leukemia (GVL) immune responses. Relapse remains common in HCT recipients, but strategies to augment GVL could significantly improve outcomes after HCT. Donor T cells with αβ T cell receptors (TCRs) mediate GVL through recognition of minor histocompatibility antigens and alloantigens in HLA-matched and -mismatched HCT, respectively. αβ T cells specific for other leukemia-associated antigens, including nonpolymorphic antigens and neoantigens, may also deliver an antileukemic effect. γδ T cells may contribute to GVL, although their biology and specificity are less well understood. Vaccination or adoptive transfer of donor-derived T cells with natural or transgenic receptors are strategies with potential to selectively enhance αβ and γδ T cell GVL effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melinda A Biernacki
- Clinical Research Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington, USA.,Department of Medicine, and
| | - Vipul S Sheth
- Clinical Research Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Marie Bleakley
- Clinical Research Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington, USA.,Department of Pediatrics, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
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6
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Peripheral T cell lymphoma, NOS with aberrant αβ and γδ T cell receptor expression in a post-heart transplant patient. J Hematop 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s12308-020-00393-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022] Open
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7
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Abstract
Advances in academic and clinical studies during the last several years have resulted in practical outcomes in adoptive immune therapy of cancer. Immune cells can be programmed with molecular modules that increase their therapeutic potency and specificity. It has become obvious that successful immunotherapy must take into account the full complexity of the immune system and, when possible, include the use of multifactor cell reprogramming that allows fast adjustment during the treatment. Today, practically all immune cells can be stably or transiently reprogrammed against cancer. Here, we review works related to T cell reprogramming, as the most developed field in immunotherapy. We discuss factors that determine the specific roles of αβ and γδ T cells in the immune system and the structure and function of T cell receptors in relation to other structures involved in T cell target recognition and immune response. We also discuss the aspects of T cell engineering, specifically the construction of synthetic T cell receptors (synTCRs) and chimeric antigen receptors (CARs) and the use of engineered T cells in integrative multifactor therapy of cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuel G Katz
- Department of Pathology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
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8
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Taylor EB, Chinchar VG, Quiniou SMA, Wilson M, Bengtén E. Cloning and characterization of antiviral cytotoxic T lymphocytes in channel catfish, Ictalurus punctatus. Virology 2019; 540:184-194. [PMID: 31929000 DOI: 10.1016/j.virol.2019.11.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2019] [Revised: 11/10/2019] [Accepted: 11/25/2019] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
To determine the role of piscine anti-viral cytotoxic cells, we analyzed the response of channel catfish to Ictalurid herpesvirus 1, commonly designated channel catfish virus (CCV). Peripheral blood leukocytes (PBL) from catfish immunized with MHC-matched, CCV-infected G14D cells (G14D-CCV) showed marked lysis of G14D-CCV but little to no lysis of uninfected allogenic (3B11) or syngeneic (G14D) cells. Expansion of effectors by in vitro culture in the presence of irradiated G14D-CCV cells generated cultures with enhanced cytotoxicity and often broader target range. Cytotoxic effectors expressed rearranged TCR genes, perforin, granzyme, and IFN-γ. Four clonal cytotoxic lines were developed and unique TCR gene rearrangements including γδ were detected. Furthermore, catfish CTL clones were either CD4+/CD8- or CD4-/CD8-. Two CTL lines showed markedly enhanced killing of G14D-CCV targets, while the other two lines displayed a broader target range. Collectively, catfish virus-specific CTL display unique features that illustrate the diversity of the ectothermic vertebrate immune response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erin B Taylor
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS, 39216, USA
| | - V Gregory Chinchar
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS, 39216, USA
| | - Sylvie M A Quiniou
- Warmwater Aquaculture Research Unit, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Stoneville, MS, 38776, USA
| | - Melanie Wilson
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS, 39216, USA
| | - Eva Bengtén
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS, 39216, USA.
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9
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Polito VA, Cristantielli R, Weber G, Del Bufalo F, Belardinilli T, Arnone CM, Petretto A, Antonucci L, Giorda E, Tumino N, Pitisci A, De Angelis B, Quintarelli C, Locatelli F, Caruana I. Universal Ready-to-Use Immunotherapeutic Approach for the Treatment of Cancer: Expanded and Activated Polyclonal γδ Memory T Cells. Front Immunol 2019; 10:2717. [PMID: 31824502 PMCID: PMC6883509 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.02717] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2019] [Accepted: 11/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
In the last years, important progresses have been registered in the treatment of patients suffering from oncological/haematological malignancies, but more still needs to be done to reduce toxicity and side effects, improve outcome and offer new strategies for relapsed or refractory disease. A remarkable part of these clinical benefits is due to advances in immunotherapy. Here, we investigate the generation of a novel, universal and ready-to-use immunotherapeutic product based on γδ-T lymphocytes. These cells are part of the innate immune system, exerting potent natural cytotoxicity against bacteria, viruses and tumours. This ability, coupled with their negligible alloreactivity, makes them attractive for adoptive immunotherapy approaches. To achieve a cell product suitable for clinical use, we developed a strategy capable to generate polyclonal γδ-T cells with predominant memory-Vδ1 phenotype in good manufacturing practice (GMP) procedures with the additional possibility of gene-modification to improve their anti-tumour activity. Irradiated, engineered artificial antigen-presenting cells (aAPCs) expressing CD86/41BBL/CD40L and the cytomegalovirus (CMV)-antigen-pp65 were used. The presence of CMV-pp65 and CD40L proved to be crucial for expansion of the memory-Vδ1 subpopulation. To allow clinical translation and guarantee patient safety, aAPCs were stably transduced with an inducible suicide gene. Expanded γδ-T cells showed high expression of activation and memory markers, without signs of exhaustion; they maintained polyclonality and potent anti-tumour activity both in vitro (against immortalised and primary blasts) and in in vivo studies without displaying alloreactivity signals. The molecular characterisation (phophoproteomic and gene-expression) of these cell products underlines their unique properties. These cells can further be armed with chimeric antigen receptors (CAR) to improve anti-tumour capacity and persistence. We demonstrate the feasibility of establishing an allogeneic third-party, off-the-shelf and ready-to-use, γδ-T-cell bank. These γδ-T cells may represent an attractive therapeutic option endowed with broad clinical applications, including treatment of viral infections in highly immunocompromised patients, treatment of aggressive malignancies refractory to conventional approaches, bridging therapy to more targeted immunotherapeutic approaches and, ultimately, an innovative platform for the development of off-the-shelf CAR-T-cell products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vinicia A Polito
- Department of Paediatric Haematology and Oncology, Cellular and Gene Therapy, IRCCS Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, Rome, Italy
| | - Rosaria Cristantielli
- Department of Paediatric Haematology and Oncology, Cellular and Gene Therapy, IRCCS Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, Rome, Italy
| | - Gerrit Weber
- Department of Paediatric Haematology and Oncology, Cellular and Gene Therapy, IRCCS Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, Rome, Italy
| | - Francesca Del Bufalo
- Department of Paediatric Haematology and Oncology, Cellular and Gene Therapy, IRCCS Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, Rome, Italy
| | - Tamascia Belardinilli
- Department of Paediatric Haematology and Oncology, Cellular and Gene Therapy, IRCCS Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, Rome, Italy
| | - Claudia M Arnone
- Department of Paediatric Haematology and Oncology, Cellular and Gene Therapy, IRCCS Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, Rome, Italy
| | - Andrea Petretto
- Core Facilities, Proteomics Laboratory, Istituto Giannina Gaslini, Genoa, Italy
| | - Laura Antonucci
- Department of Paediatric Haematology and Oncology, Cellular and Gene Therapy, IRCCS Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, Rome, Italy
| | - Ezio Giorda
- Core Facilities, IRCCS Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, Rome, Italy
| | - Nicola Tumino
- Immunology Research Area, IRCSS Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, Rome, Italy
| | - Angela Pitisci
- Department of Paediatric Haematology and Oncology, Cellular and Gene Therapy, IRCCS Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, Rome, Italy
| | - Biagio De Angelis
- Department of Paediatric Haematology and Oncology, Cellular and Gene Therapy, IRCCS Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, Rome, Italy
| | - Concetta Quintarelli
- Department of Paediatric Haematology and Oncology, Cellular and Gene Therapy, IRCCS Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, Rome, Italy
| | - Franco Locatelli
- Department of Paediatric Haematology and Oncology, Cellular and Gene Therapy, IRCCS Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, Rome, Italy.,Department of Gynaecology/Obstetrics and Paediatrics, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Ignazio Caruana
- Department of Paediatric Haematology and Oncology, Cellular and Gene Therapy, IRCCS Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, Rome, Italy
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10
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Rodríguez-Gómez IM, Talker SC, Käser T, Stadler M, Reiter L, Ladinig A, Milburn JV, Hammer SE, Mair KH, Saalmüller A, Gerner W. Expression of T-Bet, Eomesodermin, and GATA-3 Correlates With Distinct Phenotypes and Functional Properties in Porcine γδ T Cells. Front Immunol 2019; 10:396. [PMID: 30915070 PMCID: PMC6421308 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.00396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2017] [Accepted: 02/15/2019] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Unlike mice and humans, porcine γδ T cells represent a prominent subset of T cells in blood and secondary lymphatic organs. GATA-3, T-bet and Eomesodermin (Eomes) are transcription factors with crucial functions in T-cell development and functional differentiation, but their expression has not been investigated in porcine γδ T cells so far. We analyzed the expression of these transcription factors in γδ thymocytes, mature γδ T cells from blood, spleen, lymph nodes, and lung tissue as well as in vitro stimulated γδ T cells on the protein level by flow cytometry. GATA-3 was present in more than 80% of all γδ-thymocytes. Extra-thymic CD2− γδ T cells expressed high levels of GATA-3 in all investigated organs and had a CD8α−/dimCD27+perforin− phenotype. T-bet expression was mainly found in a subset of CD2+ γδ T cells with an opposing CD8αhighCD27dim/−perforin+ phenotype. Eomes+ γδ T cells were also found within CD2+ γδ T cells but were heterogeneous in regard to expression of CD8α, CD27, and perforin. Eomes+ γδ T cells frequently co-expressed T-bet and dominated in the spleen. During aging, CD2−GATA-3+ γδ T cells strongly prevailed in young pigs up to an age of about 2 years but declined in older animals where CD2+T-bet+ γδ T cells became more prominent. Despite high GATA-3 expression levels, IL-4 production could not be found in γδ T cells by intracellular cytokine staining. Experiments with sorted and ConA + IL-2 + IL-12 + IL-18-stimulated CD2− γδ T cells showed that proliferating cells start expressing CD2 and T-bet, produce IFN-γ, but retain GATA-3 expression. In summary, our data suggest a role for GATA-3 in the development of γδ-thymocytes and in the function of peripheral CD2−CD8α−/dimCD27+perforin− γδ T cells. In contrast, T-bet expression appears to be restricted to terminal differentiation stages of CD2+ γδ T cells, frequently coinciding with perforin expression. The functional relevance of high GATA-3 expression levels in extra-thymic CD2− γδ T cells awaits further clarification. However, their unique phenotype suggests that they represent a thymus-derived separate lineage of γδ T cells in the pig for which currently no direct counterpart in rodents or humans has been described.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irene M Rodríguez-Gómez
- Institute of Immunology, Department of Pathobiology, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Stephanie C Talker
- Institute of Immunology, Department of Pathobiology, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Tobias Käser
- Institute of Immunology, Department of Pathobiology, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Maria Stadler
- Institute of Immunology, Department of Pathobiology, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Lisa Reiter
- University Clinic for Swine, Department for Farm Animals and Veterinary Public Health, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Andrea Ladinig
- University Clinic for Swine, Department for Farm Animals and Veterinary Public Health, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Jemma V Milburn
- Institute of Immunology, Department of Pathobiology, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Vienna, Austria.,Christian Doppler Laboratory for Optimized Prediction of Vaccination Success in Pigs, Institute of Immunology, Department of Pathobiology, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Sabine E Hammer
- Institute of Immunology, Department of Pathobiology, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Kerstin H Mair
- Institute of Immunology, Department of Pathobiology, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Vienna, Austria.,Christian Doppler Laboratory for Optimized Prediction of Vaccination Success in Pigs, Institute of Immunology, Department of Pathobiology, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Armin Saalmüller
- Institute of Immunology, Department of Pathobiology, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Wilhelm Gerner
- Institute of Immunology, Department of Pathobiology, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Vienna, Austria.,Christian Doppler Laboratory for Optimized Prediction of Vaccination Success in Pigs, Institute of Immunology, Department of Pathobiology, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Vienna, Austria
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11
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Karner KH, Menon MP, Inamdar KV, Carey JL. Post-transplant CD4+ non-cytotoxic γδ T cell lymphoma with lymph node involvement. J Hematop 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/s12308-018-0332-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022] Open
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12
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The potential role of γδ T cells after allogeneic HCT for leukemia. Blood 2018; 131:1063-1072. [PMID: 29358176 DOI: 10.1182/blood-2017-08-752162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2017] [Accepted: 10/19/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Allogeneic hematopoetic stem cell transplantation (HCT) offers an option for patients with hematologic malignancies, in whom conventional standard therapies failed or are not effective enough to cure the disease. Successful HCT can restore functional hematopoiesis and immune function, and the new donor-derived immune system can exert a graft-versus-leukemia (GVL) effect. However, allogenic HCT can also be associated with serious risks for transplantation-related morbidities or mortalities such as graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) or life-threatening infectious complications. GVHD is caused by alloreactive T lymphocytes, which express the αβ T-cell receptor, whereas lymphocytes expressing the γδ T-cell receptor are not alloreactive and do not induce GVHD but can exhibit potent antileukemia and anti-infectious activities. Therefore, γδ T cells are becoming increasingly interesting in allogeneic HCT, and clinical strategies to exploit the full function of these lymphocytes have been and are being developed. Such strategies comprise the in vivo activation of γδ T cells or subsets after HCT by certain drugs or antibodies or the ex vivo expansion and manipulation of either patient-derived or donor-derived γδ T cells and their subsets and the adoptive transfer of the ex vivo-activated lymphocytes. On the basis of the absence of dysregulated alloreactivity, such approaches could induce potent GVL effects in the absence of GVHD. The introduction of large-scale clinical methods to enrich, isolate, expand, and manipulate γδ T cells will facilitate future clinical studies that aim to exploit the full function of these beneficial nonalloreactive lymphocytes.
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13
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Immunophenotypic Shifts in Primary Cutaneous γδ T-Cell Lymphoma Suggest Antigenic Modulation. Am J Surg Pathol 2017; 41:431-445. [DOI: 10.1097/pas.0000000000000786] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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14
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Kadivar M, Petersson J, Svensson L, Marsal J. CD8αβ+ γδ T Cells: A Novel T Cell Subset with a Potential Role in Inflammatory Bowel Disease. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2016; 197:4584-4592. [PMID: 27849165 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1601146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2016] [Accepted: 10/13/2016] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
γδ T cells have been attributed a wide variety of functions, which in some cases may appear as contradictory. To better understand the enigmatic biology of γδ T cells it is crucial to define the constituting subpopulations. γδ T cells have previously been categorized into two subpopulations: CD8αα+ and CD8- cells. In this study we have defined and characterized a novel subset of human γδ T-cells expressing CD8αβ. These CD8αβ+ γδ T cells differed from the previously described γδ T cell subsets in several aspects, including the degree of enrichment within the gut mucosa, the activation status in blood, the type of TCRδ variant used in blood, and small but significant differences in their response to IL-2 stimulation. Furthermore, the novel subset expressed cytotoxic mediators and CD69, and produced IFN-γ and TNF-α. In patients with active inflammatory bowel disease the mucosal frequencies of CD8αβ+ γδ T cells were significantly lower as compared with healthy controls, correlated negatively with the degree of disease activity, and increased to normal levels as a result of anti-TNF-α therapy. In conclusion, our results demonstrate that CD8αβ+ γδ T cells constitute a novel lymphocyte subset, which is strongly enriched within the gut and may play an important role in gut homeostasis and mucosal healing in inflammatory bowel disease.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Julia Petersson
- Immunology Section, Lund University, S-22184 Lund, Sweden; and
| | - Lena Svensson
- Immunology Section, Lund University, S-22184 Lund, Sweden; and
| | - Jan Marsal
- Immunology Section, Lund University, S-22184 Lund, Sweden; and .,Department of Gastroenterology, Skåne University Hospital, S-22185 Lund, Sweden
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15
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Zvyagin IV, Mamedov IZ, Tatarinova OV, Komech EA, Kurnikova EE, Boyakova EV, Brilliantova V, Shelikhova LN, Balashov DN, Shugay M, Sycheva AL, Kasatskaya SA, Lebedev YB, Maschan AA, Maschan MA, Chudakov DM. Tracking T-cell immune reconstitution after TCRαβ/CD19-depleted hematopoietic cells transplantation in children. Leukemia 2016; 31:1145-1153. [DOI: 10.1038/leu.2016.321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2016] [Revised: 09/14/2016] [Accepted: 10/13/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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16
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Bertaina A, Zorzoli A, Petretto A, Barbarito G, Inglese E, Merli P, Lavarello C, Brescia LP, De Angelis B, Tripodi G, Moretta L, Locatelli F, Airoldi I. Zoledronic acid boosts γδ T-cell activity in children receiving αβ + T and CD19 + cell-depleted grafts from an HLA-haplo-identical donor. Oncoimmunology 2016; 6:e1216291. [PMID: 28344861 DOI: 10.1080/2162402x.2016.1216291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2016] [Revised: 07/10/2016] [Accepted: 07/18/2016] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
We demonstrated that γδ T cells of patients given HLA-haploidentical HSCT after removal of αβ+ T cells and CD19+ B cells are endowed with the capacity of killing leukemia cells after ex vivo treatment with zoledronic acid (ZOL). Thus, we tested the hypothesis that infusion of ZOL in patients receiving this type of graft may enhance γδ T-cell cytotoxic activity against leukemia cells. ZOL was infused every 28 d in 43 patients; most were treated at least twice. γδ T cells before and after ZOL treatments were studied in 33 of these 43 patients, till at least 7 mo after HSCT by high-resolution mass spectrometry, flow-cytometry, and degranulation assay. An induction of Vδ2-cell differentiation, paralleled by increased cytotoxicity of both Vδ1 and Vδ2 cells against primary leukemia blasts was associated with ZOL treatment. Cytotoxic activity was further increased in Vδ2 cells, but not in Vδ1 lymphocytes in those patients given more than one treatment. Proteomic analysis of γδ T cells purified from patients showed upregulation of proteins involved in activation processes and immune response, paralleled by downregulation of proteins involved in proliferation. Moreover, a proteomic signature was identified for each ZOL treatment. Patients given three or more ZOL infusions had a better probability of survival in comparison to those given one or two treatments (86% vs. 54%, respectively, p = 0.008). Our data indicate that ZOL infusion in pediatric recipients of αβ T- and B-cell-depleted HLA-haploidentical HSCT promotes γδ T-cell differentiation and cytotoxicity and may influence the outcome of patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Bertaina
- Department of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, IRCCS Ospedale Bambino Gesù , Rome, Italy
| | - A Zorzoli
- Laboratorio di Oncologia, Istituto Giannina Gaslini , Genova, Italy
| | - A Petretto
- Core Facilities, Istituto Giannina Gaslini , Genova, Italy
| | - G Barbarito
- Laboratorio di Oncologia, Istituto Giannina Gaslini , Genova, Italy
| | - E Inglese
- Core Facilities, Istituto Giannina Gaslini , Genova, Italy
| | - P Merli
- Department of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, IRCCS Ospedale Bambino Gesù , Rome, Italy
| | - C Lavarello
- Core Facilities, Istituto Giannina Gaslini , Genova, Italy
| | - L P Brescia
- Department of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, IRCCS Ospedale Bambino Gesù , Rome, Italy
| | - B De Angelis
- Department of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, IRCCS Ospedale Bambino Gesù , Rome, Italy
| | - G Tripodi
- Dipartimento Ricerca Traslazionale, Medicina di Laboratorio, Diagnostica e Servizi, Istituto Giannina Gaslini , Genova, Italy
| | - L Moretta
- Area di Ricerca Immunologica, IRCCS Ospedale Bambino Gesù , Rome, Italy
| | - F Locatelli
- Department of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, IRCCS Ospedale Bambino Gesù, Rome, Italy; Department of Pediatric Science, Università di Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - I Airoldi
- Laboratorio di Oncologia, Istituto Giannina Gaslini , Genova, Italy
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17
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Lu H, Li DJ, Jin LP. γδT Cells and Related Diseases. Am J Reprod Immunol 2016; 75:609-18. [PMID: 26833725 DOI: 10.1111/aji.12495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2015] [Accepted: 01/05/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Discovered 30 years ago, γδT cells remain an enigmatic T-cell subset. Although they account for a small portion of the total human circulating T-cell pool, their associations with other immune cells and their potential regulatory roles in related diseases have been explored but still require further investigation. γδT cells which are MHC-unrestricted innate-like lymphocytes with more unique antigen receptors than αβT cells and B cells are considered to bridge innate and adaptive immunity. They have APC functions and initiate adaptive immunity. Due to their distribution in specific tissues, secretion of Th1-, Th2-, and Th17-type cytokines, and other characteristics, they are involved in a variety of physiology and pathology processes. They are barometers in HIV infection. However, different γδT cell subsets play opposing roles in HBV infections, autoimmune diseases, and several types of tumors. Moreover, decidual γδT cells have protective roles during pregnancies by synthesizing several cytokines. This emerging evidence provides an improved understanding of the immune mechanism of infection, autoimmunity, cancer, and other related disorders and better insights regarding the potential roles of γδT cells in immunological therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Han Lu
- Laboratory for Reproductive Immunology, Hospital of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Fudan University Shanghai Medical College, Shanghai, China
| | - Da-Jin Li
- Laboratory for Reproductive Immunology, Hospital of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Fudan University Shanghai Medical College, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Female Reproductive Endocrine Related Diseases, Shanghai, China
| | - Li-Ping Jin
- Laboratory for Reproductive Immunology, Hospital of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Fudan University Shanghai Medical College, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Female Reproductive Endocrine Related Diseases, Shanghai, China
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18
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Strbo N, Alcaide ML, Romero L, Bolivar H, Jones D, Podack ER, Fischl MA. Loss of Intra-Epithelial Endocervical Gamma Delta (GD) 1 T Cells in HIV-Infected Women. Am J Reprod Immunol 2015; 75:134-45. [PMID: 26666220 DOI: 10.1111/aji.12458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2015] [Accepted: 11/05/2015] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
PROBLEM Human gamma delta (GD) T cells play a well-documented role in epithelial barrier surveillance and protection. Two subsets of GD T cells, defined by the use of either the Vdelta2 (GD2) or Vdelta1 (GD1) TCR, predominate. We hypothesized that endocervical GD T cells play important role in lower genital tract anti-HIV immune responses. METHOD OF STUDY HIV-infected (n = 18) and HIV-uninfected (n = 19) pre-menopausal women participating in the WIHS cohort were recruited. Frequency and phenotype of GD T cells were determined in endocervical cytobrush samples and peripheral blood by multicolor flow cytometry. RESULTS We found depletion of GD2 cells in the blood of HIV-infected women as well as significant decrease in the frequency of endocervical GD1 cells compared to uninfected women. CONCLUSION We report for the first time, the GD1 cells are a predominant endocervical T-cell subset that is significantly decreased in HIV-infected women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natasa Strbo
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Maria L Alcaide
- Division of Infectious Diseases, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Laura Romero
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Hector Bolivar
- Division of Infectious Diseases, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Deborah Jones
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Eckhard R Podack
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Margaret A Fischl
- Division of Infectious Diseases, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA
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19
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Welker C, Handgretinger R, Schilbach K. Isolation and Ex Vivo Culture of Vδ1+CD4+γδ T Cells, an Extrathymic αβT-cell Progenitor. J Vis Exp 2015:e53482. [PMID: 26709831 DOI: 10.3791/53482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2022] Open
Abstract
The thymus, the primary organ for the generation of αβ T cells and backbone of the adaptive immune system in vertebrates, has long been considered as the only source of αβT cells. Yet, thymic involution begins early in life leading to a drastically reduced output of naïve αβT cells into the periphery. Nevertheless, even centenarians can build immunity against newly acquired pathogens. Recent research suggests extrathymic αβT cell development, however our understanding of pathways that may compensate for thymic loss of function are still rudimental. γδ T cells are innate lymphocytes that constitute the main T-cell subset in the tissues. We recently ascribed a so far unappreciated outstanding function to a γδ T cell subset by showing that the scarce entity of CD4(+) Vδ1(+)γδ T cells can transdifferentiate into αβT cells in inflammatory conditions. Here, we provide the protocol for the isolation of this progenitor from peripheral blood and its subsequent cultivation. Vδ1 cells are positively enriched from PBMCs of healthy human donors using magnetic beads, followed by a second step wherein we target the scarce fraction of CD4(+) cells with a further magnetic labeling technique. The magnetic force of the second labeling exceeds the one of the first magnetic label, and thus allows the efficient, quantitative and specific positive isolation of the population of interest. We then introduce the technique and culture condition required for cloning and efficiently expanding the cells and for identification of the generated clones by FACS analysis. Thus, we provide a detailed protocol for the purification, culture and ex vivo expansion of CD4(+) Vδ1(+)γδ T cells. This knowledge is prerequisite for studies that relate to this αβT cell progenitor`s biology and for those who aim to identify the molecular triggers that are involved in its transdifferentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Welker
- Deptartment of Hematology and Oncology, Children's University Hospital Tübingen
| | | | - Karin Schilbach
- Deptartment of Hematology and Oncology, Children's University Hospital Tübingen;
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20
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Kabelitz D, Déchanet-Merville J. Editorial: "Recent Advances in Gamma/Delta T Cell Biology: New Ligands, New Functions, and New Translational Perspectives". Front Immunol 2015; 6:371. [PMID: 26257738 PMCID: PMC4508528 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2015.00371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2015] [Accepted: 07/06/2015] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Dieter Kabelitz
- Institute of Immunology, University of Kiel , Kiel , Germany
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