1
|
Vasconcelos-Fontes L, Vieira RC, He M, Ferreira-Reis R, Jurberg AD, Arêas Mendes-da-Cruz D, Andersson J, Cotta-de-Almeida V, Westerberg LS. Controlled WASp activity regulates the proliferative response for Treg cell differentiation in the thymus. Eur J Immunol 2024; 54:e2350450. [PMID: 38356202 DOI: 10.1002/eji.202350450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2023] [Revised: 02/01/2024] [Accepted: 02/02/2024] [Indexed: 02/16/2024]
Abstract
The Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome protein (WASp) regulates actin cytoskeletal dynamics and function of hematopoietic cells. Mutations in the WAS gene lead to two different syndromes; Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome (WAS) caused by loss-of-function mutations, and X-linked neutropenia (XLN) caused by gain-of-function mutations. We previously showed that WASp-deficient mice have a decreased number of regulatory T (Treg) cells in the thymus and the periphery. We here evaluated the impact of WASp mutations on Treg cells in the thymus of WAS and XLN mouse models. Using in vitro Treg differentiation assays, WAS CD4 single-positive thymocytes have decreased differentiation to Treg cells, despite normal early signaling upon IL-2 and TGF-β stimulation. They failed to proliferate and express CD25 at high levels, leading to poor survival and a lower number of Foxp3+ Treg cells. Conversely, XLN CD4 single-positive thymocytes efficiently differentiate into Foxp3+ Treg cells following a high proliferative response to IL-2 and TGF-β, associated with high CD25 expression when compared with WT cells. Altogether, these results show that specific mutations of WASp affect Treg cell development differently, demonstrating a critical role of WASp activity in supporting Treg cell development and expansion.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Larissa Vasconcelos-Fontes
- Department of Microbiology Tumor and Cell Biology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Laboratory on Thymus Research, Oswaldo Cruz Institute, Fiocruz, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- National Institute of Science and Technology on Neuroimmunomodulation (INCT-NIM), Oswaldo Cruz Institute, Fiocruz, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Rhaissa C Vieira
- Department of Microbiology Tumor and Cell Biology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Minghui He
- Department of Microbiology Tumor and Cell Biology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Rafaella Ferreira-Reis
- Laboratory on Thymus Research, Oswaldo Cruz Institute, Fiocruz, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- National Institute of Science and Technology on Neuroimmunomodulation (INCT-NIM), Oswaldo Cruz Institute, Fiocruz, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- Rio de Janeiro Research Network on Neuroinflammation (RENEURIN), Oswaldo Cruz Institute, Fiocruz, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Arnon Dias Jurberg
- Laboratory on Thymus Research, Oswaldo Cruz Institute, Fiocruz, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- National Institute of Science and Technology on Neuroimmunomodulation (INCT-NIM), Oswaldo Cruz Institute, Fiocruz, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- Rio de Janeiro Research Network on Neuroinflammation (RENEURIN), Oswaldo Cruz Institute, Fiocruz, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Daniella Arêas Mendes-da-Cruz
- Laboratory on Thymus Research, Oswaldo Cruz Institute, Fiocruz, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- National Institute of Science and Technology on Neuroimmunomodulation (INCT-NIM), Oswaldo Cruz Institute, Fiocruz, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- Rio de Janeiro Research Network on Neuroinflammation (RENEURIN), Oswaldo Cruz Institute, Fiocruz, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - John Andersson
- Department of Microbiology Tumor and Cell Biology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Karolinska Institutet, Institute of Environmental Medicine, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Vinicius Cotta-de-Almeida
- Laboratory on Thymus Research, Oswaldo Cruz Institute, Fiocruz, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- National Institute of Science and Technology on Neuroimmunomodulation (INCT-NIM), Oswaldo Cruz Institute, Fiocruz, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- Rio de Janeiro Research Network on Neuroinflammation (RENEURIN), Oswaldo Cruz Institute, Fiocruz, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Lisa S Westerberg
- Department of Microbiology Tumor and Cell Biology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Pille M, Avila J, Sanchez GS, Goetgeluk G, De Munter S, Jansen H, Billiet L, Weening K, Xue H, Bonte S, Ingels J, De Cock L, Pascal E, Deseins L, Kerre T, Taghon T, Leclercq G, Vermijlen D, Davis B, Vandekerckhove B. The Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome protein is required for positive selection during T-cell lineage differentiation. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1188099. [PMID: 37350958 PMCID: PMC10282776 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1188099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2023] [Accepted: 05/15/2023] [Indexed: 06/24/2023] Open
Abstract
The Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome (WAS) is an X-linked primary immune deficiency caused by a mutation in the WAS gene. This leads to altered or absent WAS protein (WASp) expression and function resulting in thrombocytopenia, eczema, recurrent infections, and autoimmunity. In T cells, WASp is required for immune synapse formation. Patients with WAS show reduced numbers of peripheral blood T lymphocytes and an altered T-cell receptor repertoire. In vitro, their peripheral T cells show decreased proliferation and cytokine production upon aCD3/aCD28 stimulation. It is unclear whether these T-cell defects are acquired during peripheral activation or are, in part, generated during thymic development. Here, we assessed the role of WASp during T-cell differentiation using artificial thymic organoid cultures and in the thymus of humanized mice. Although CRISPR/Cas9 WAS knockout hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells (HSPCs) rearranged the T-cell receptor and differentiated to T-cell receptor (TCR)+ CD4+ CD8+ double-positive (DP) cells similar to wild-type HSPCs, a partial defect in the generation of CD8 single-positive (SP) cells was observed, suggesting that WASp is involved in their positive selection. TCR repertoire analysis of the DP and CD8+ SP population, however, showed a polyclonal repertoire with no bias toward autoreactivity. To our knowledge, this is the first study of the role of WASp in human T-cell differentiation and on TCR repertoire generation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Melissa Pille
- Laboratory of Experimental Immunology, Department of Diagnostic Sciences, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - John Avila
- Brown Foundation Institute of Molecular Medicine, Mc Govern Medical School, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Guillem Sanchez Sanchez
- Department of Pharmacotherapy and Pharmaceutics, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Brussels, Belgium
- Institute for Medical Immunology, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Brussels, Belgium
- ULB Center for Research in Immunology (U-CRI), Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Brussels, Belgium
- WELBIO Department, WEL Research Institute, Wavre, Belgium
| | - Glenn Goetgeluk
- Laboratory of Experimental Immunology, Department of Diagnostic Sciences, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
- Cancer Research Institute Ghent (CRIG), Ghent, Belgium
| | - Stijn De Munter
- Laboratory of Experimental Immunology, Department of Diagnostic Sciences, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
- Cancer Research Institute Ghent (CRIG), Ghent, Belgium
| | - Hanne Jansen
- Laboratory of Experimental Immunology, Department of Diagnostic Sciences, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Lore Billiet
- Laboratory of Experimental Immunology, Department of Diagnostic Sciences, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Karin Weening
- Laboratory of Experimental Immunology, Department of Diagnostic Sciences, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Haipeng Xue
- Brown Foundation Institute of Molecular Medicine, Mc Govern Medical School, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Sarah Bonte
- Cancer Research Institute Ghent (CRIG), Ghent, Belgium
- Department of Applied Mathematics, Computer Science and Statistics, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Joline Ingels
- Laboratory of Experimental Immunology, Department of Diagnostic Sciences, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
- Cancer Research Institute Ghent (CRIG), Ghent, Belgium
| | - Laurenz De Cock
- Laboratory of Experimental Immunology, Department of Diagnostic Sciences, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
- Cancer Research Institute Ghent (CRIG), Ghent, Belgium
| | - Eva Pascal
- Laboratory of Experimental Immunology, Department of Diagnostic Sciences, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
- Cancer Research Institute Ghent (CRIG), Ghent, Belgium
| | - Lucas Deseins
- Laboratory of Experimental Immunology, Department of Diagnostic Sciences, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
- Cancer Research Institute Ghent (CRIG), Ghent, Belgium
| | - Tessa Kerre
- Department of Internal Medicine and Pediatrics, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium
- Department of Hematology, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Tom Taghon
- Laboratory of Experimental Immunology, Department of Diagnostic Sciences, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
- Cancer Research Institute Ghent (CRIG), Ghent, Belgium
| | - Georges Leclercq
- Laboratory of Experimental Immunology, Department of Diagnostic Sciences, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
- Cancer Research Institute Ghent (CRIG), Ghent, Belgium
| | - David Vermijlen
- Department of Pharmacotherapy and Pharmaceutics, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Brussels, Belgium
- Institute for Medical Immunology, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Brussels, Belgium
- ULB Center for Research in Immunology (U-CRI), Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Brussels, Belgium
- WELBIO Department, WEL Research Institute, Wavre, Belgium
| | - Brian Davis
- Brown Foundation Institute of Molecular Medicine, Mc Govern Medical School, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Bart Vandekerckhove
- Laboratory of Experimental Immunology, Department of Diagnostic Sciences, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
- Cancer Research Institute Ghent (CRIG), Ghent, Belgium
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Naseem A, Steinberg Z, Cavazza A. Genome editing for primary immunodeficiencies: A therapeutic perspective on Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome. Front Immunol 2022; 13:966084. [PMID: 36059471 PMCID: PMC9433875 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.966084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2022] [Accepted: 07/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Primary immunodeficiency diseases (PIDs) are a group of rare inherited disorders affecting the immune system that can be conventionally treated with allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation and with experimental autologous gene therapy. With both approaches still facing important challenges, gene editing has recently emerged as a potential valuable alternative for the treatment of genetic disorders and within a relatively short period from its initial development, has already entered some landmark clinical trials aimed at tackling several life-threatening diseases. In this review, we discuss the progress made towards the development of gene editing-based therapeutic strategies for PIDs with a special focus on Wiskott - Aldrich syndrome and outline their main challenges as well as future directions with respect to already established treatments.
Collapse
|
4
|
Tristán-Manzano M, Maldonado-Pérez N, Justicia-Lirio P, Muñoz P, Cortijo-Gutiérrez M, Pavlovic K, Jiménez-Moreno R, Nogueras S, Carmona MD, Sánchez-Hernández S, Aguilar-González A, Castella M, Juan M, Marañón C, Marchal JA, Benabdellah K, Herrera C, Martin F. Physiological lentiviral vectors for the generation of improved CAR-T cells. MOLECULAR THERAPY - ONCOLYTICS 2022; 25:335-349. [PMID: 35694446 PMCID: PMC9163403 DOI: 10.1016/j.omto.2022.05.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2021] [Accepted: 05/07/2022] [Indexed: 10/29/2022]
|
5
|
Zhao Q, Dai R, Li Y, Wang Y, Chen X, Shu Z, Zhou L, Ding Y, Tang X, Zhao X. Trends in TREC values according to age and gender in Chinese children and their clinical applications. Eur J Pediatr 2022; 181:529-538. [PMID: 34405301 DOI: 10.1007/s00431-021-04223-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2021] [Revised: 05/28/2021] [Accepted: 07/26/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
T cell receptor excision circles (TRECs) are small circularized DNA elements produced during rearrangement of T cell receptor (TCR) genes. Because TRECs are fairly stable, do not replicate during mitosis, and are not diluted during division of naïve T cells (Dion et al. [1]), they are suitable for assessing the number of newly formed T cells (Ping and Denise [2]). In this study, we detected TRECs in 521 healthy Chinese children aged 0-18 years in different clinical settings. The TRECs decrease with aging and show lower levels in preterm and low birth weight (BW) babies compared to those in full-term infants, while the preterm babies can also show comparable levels of TRECs when they have a gestation age (GA)-matched BW. We found a strong correlation between TRECs and peripheral CD4 naïve T cell numbers, which was age-related. We also analyzed the TRECs in different PIDs. Since T cell defects vary in PIDs, TREC levels change inconsistently. For example, in Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome (WAS), combining the level of TREC with lymphocyte subsets can help to distinguish subtypes of disease.Conclusion: We established the reference value range for TRECs by evaluating children below 18 years old in China, which could be used to screen for PIDs during early life. What is Known: • The TREC levels are decreased with age, and there is a positive correlation between TRECs and the numbers of naïve T cells. What is New: • This is the largest study to determine TREC reference levels in healthy Chinese pediatric, we provide solid data showing a correlation between CD4 naïve T cell counts and TREC levels according to age. We point out the GA matched BW is need to be considered during the SCID newborn screening. We are the first group showed that TREC levels can help clinician distinguish different WAS phenotype.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qin Zhao
- Department of Pediatric Research Institute, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders (Chongqing), China International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Child Development and Critical Disorders, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China.,Chongqing Key Laboratory of Child Infection and Immunity, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400014, China
| | - Rongxin Dai
- Department of Pediatric Research Institute, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders (Chongqing), China International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Child Development and Critical Disorders, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China.,Chongqing Key Laboratory of Child Infection and Immunity, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400014, China.,Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, No. 136, Zhongshan 2nd Road, Yuzhong District, Chongqing, 400014, China
| | - Yanan Li
- Department of Pediatric Research Institute, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders (Chongqing), China International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Child Development and Critical Disorders, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China.,Chongqing Key Laboratory of Child Infection and Immunity, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400014, China
| | - Yanping Wang
- Department of Pediatric Research Institute, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders (Chongqing), China International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Child Development and Critical Disorders, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China.,Chongqing Key Laboratory of Child Infection and Immunity, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400014, China
| | - Xuemei Chen
- Department of Pediatric Research Institute, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders (Chongqing), China International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Child Development and Critical Disorders, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China.,Chongqing Key Laboratory of Child Infection and Immunity, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400014, China
| | - Zhou Shu
- Department of Pediatric Research Institute, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders (Chongqing), China International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Child Development and Critical Disorders, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China.,Chongqing Key Laboratory of Child Infection and Immunity, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400014, China.,Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, No. 136, Zhongshan 2nd Road, Yuzhong District, Chongqing, 400014, China
| | - Lina Zhou
- Department of Pediatric Research Institute, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders (Chongqing), China International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Child Development and Critical Disorders, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China.,Chongqing Key Laboratory of Child Infection and Immunity, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400014, China
| | - Yuan Ding
- Department of Pediatric Research Institute, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders (Chongqing), China International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Child Development and Critical Disorders, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China.,Chongqing Key Laboratory of Child Infection and Immunity, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400014, China.,Department of Health Management, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400014, China
| | - Xuemei Tang
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, No. 136, Zhongshan 2nd Road, Yuzhong District, Chongqing, 400014, China
| | - Xiaodong Zhao
- Department of Pediatric Research Institute, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders (Chongqing), China International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Child Development and Critical Disorders, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China. .,Chongqing Key Laboratory of Child Infection and Immunity, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400014, China. .,Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, No. 136, Zhongshan 2nd Road, Yuzhong District, Chongqing, 400014, China.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Latour S. Inherited immunodeficiencies associated with proximal and distal defects in T cell receptor signaling and co-signaling. Biomed J 2022; 45:321-333. [PMID: 35091087 PMCID: PMC9250091 DOI: 10.1016/j.bj.2022.01.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2021] [Revised: 01/17/2022] [Accepted: 01/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Sylvain Latour
- Laboratory of Lymphocyte Activation and Susceptibility to EBV infection, Inserm UMR 1163, Université de Paris, Institut Imagine, Paris, France.
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Abstract
Ras homology (RHO) GTPases are signalling proteins that have crucial roles in triggering multiple immune functions. Through their interactions with a broad range of effectors and kinases, they regulate cytoskeletal dynamics, cell polarity and the trafficking and proliferation of immune cells. The activity and localization of RHO GTPases are highly controlled by classical families of regulators that share consensus motifs. In this Review, we describe the recent discovery of atypical modulators and partners of RHO GTPases, which bring an additional layer of regulation and plasticity to the control of RHO GTPase activities in the immune system. Furthermore, the development of large-scale genetic screening has now enabled researchers to identify dysregulation of RHO GTPase signalling pathways as a cause of many immune system-related diseases. We discuss the mutations that have been identified in RHO GTPases and their signalling circuits in patients with rare diseases. The discoveries of new RHO GTPase partners and genetic mutations in RHO GTPase signalling hubs have uncovered unsuspected layers of crosstalk with other signalling pathways and may provide novel therapeutic opportunities for patients affected by complex immune or broader syndromes.
Collapse
|
8
|
Szmyd B, Mlynarski W, Pastorczak A. Genetic predisposition to lymphomas: Overview of rare syndromes and inherited familial variants. MUTATION RESEARCH. REVIEWS IN MUTATION RESEARCH 2021; 788:108386. [PMID: 34893151 DOI: 10.1016/j.mrrev.2021.108386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2020] [Revised: 05/14/2021] [Accepted: 06/03/2021] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Approximately 10 % of malignancies occur in carriers of germline mutations predisposing to cancer. A high risk of developing lymphomas has been noted in many primary immunodeficiencies, including DNA repair disorders. Moreover, implementation of next-generation sequencing has recently enabled to uncover rare genetic variants predisposing patients to lymphoid neoplasms. Some patients harboring inherited predisposition to lymphomas require dedicated clinical management, which will contribute to effective cancer treatment and to the prevention of potential severe toxicities and secondary malignancies. In line with that, our review summarizes the natural history of lymphoid tumors developing on different germline genetic backgrounds and discusses the progress that has been made toward successfully treating these malignancies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bartosz Szmyd
- Department of Pediatrics, Oncology and Hematology, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland.
| | - Wojciech Mlynarski
- Department of Pediatrics, Oncology and Hematology, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland.
| | - Agata Pastorczak
- Department of Pediatrics, Oncology and Hematology, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland.
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Jin YY, Wu J, Chen TX, Chen J. When WAS Gene Diagnosis Is Needed: Seeking Clues Through Comparison Between Patients With Wiskott-Aldrich Syndrome and Idiopathic Thrombocytopenic Purpura. Front Immunol 2019; 10:1549. [PMID: 31354712 PMCID: PMC6634258 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.01549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2019] [Accepted: 06/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome (WAS) is a rare and severe X-linked disorder with variable clinical phenotypes correlating with the type of mutations in the WAS gene. The syndrome is difficult to differentiate from idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura (ITP) before genetic diagnosis. We retrospectively reviewed patients suspected to have WAS who were referred to our hospital from 2004 to 2016 and compared the clinical features and laboratory examination of genetically confirmed WAS patients and of patients diagnosed with ITP in order to seek some clues to distinguish WAS and ITP before genetic diagnosis. Methods: Seventy-eight children suspected to have WAS from 78 unrelated families were enrolled in this study. The clinical data and laboratory examination of children were reviewed in the present study. The distribution of lymphocyte subsets from peripheral blood was examined by how cytometry. WASP mutations were identified by direct sequencing of PCR-amplified genomic DNA. Results: Forty-two patients were finally diagnosed with WAS genetically. The median onset age of these patients was 1 month (range: 1 day−10 months). The median diagnosis lag was 4.6 months (range: 0 months−9.42 years). Fifteen patients (35.71%) had positive family histories. More than half of the patients (n = 23, 54.76%) had diarrhea. Twenty-three (54.76%) had pneumonia, 7 with severe symptoms. Major bleeding events included skin spots or petechiae (n = 27, 64.29%), per-rectal bleeding (n = 21, 50.00%), epistaxis (n = 7, 16.67%) and intracranial bleeding (n = 2, 4.76%). Twenty-nine patients (69.05%) had eczema, and one patient had a drug allergy. Three patients had autoimmune diseases, among whom 2 had autoimmune hemolytic anemia and one had autoimmune hemolytic anemia and IgA nephropathy. A total of 42 mutations in WASP were identified, including 19 novel mutations. Eight patients received hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) and all survived. Compared with the 30 patients diagnosed with ITP, the WAS patients had higher EOS counts and elevated IgE level, increased NK cell numbers but fewer CD8+T lymphocytes. Conclusion: The WAS gene diagnosis should be considered in all males with ITP-like features, especially for patients with a very early onset age, decreased MPV (<6.5 fl), higher EOS counts and elevated IgE level, increased NK cell number, diminished CD8+T lymphocyte count.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ying-Ying Jin
- Department of Rheumatology/Immunology, Children's National Medical Center, Shanghai Children's Medical Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Jing Wu
- Division of Immunology, Institute of Pediatric Translational Medicine, Children's National Medical Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Tong-Xin Chen
- Department of Rheumatology/Immunology, Children's National Medical Center, Shanghai Children's Medical Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Division of Immunology, Institute of Pediatric Translational Medicine, Children's National Medical Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Ji Chen
- Department of Dermatology, Children's National Medical Center, Shanghai Children's Medical Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
T-cell defects in patients with ARPC1B germline mutations account for combined immunodeficiency. Blood 2018. [PMID: 30254128 DOI: 10.1182/blood-2018-07-863431)] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
ARPC1B is a key factor for the assembly and maintenance of the ARP2/3 complex that is involved in actin branching from an existing filament. Germline biallelic mutations in ARPC1B have been recently described in 6 patients with clinical features of combined immunodeficiency (CID), whose neutrophils and platelets but not T lymphocytes were studied. We hypothesized that ARPC1B deficiency may also lead to cytoskeleton and functional defects in T cells. We have identified biallelic mutations in ARPC1B in 6 unrelated patients with early onset disease characterized by severe infections, autoimmune manifestations, and thrombocytopenia. Immunological features included T-cell lymphopenia, low numbers of naïve T cells, and hyper-immunoglobulin E. Alteration in ARPC1B protein structure led to absent/low expression by flow cytometry and confocal microscopy. This molecular defect was associated with the inability of patient-derived T cells to extend an actin-rich lamellipodia upon T-cell receptor (TCR) stimulation and to assemble an immunological synapse. ARPC1B-deficient T cells additionally displayed impaired TCR-mediated proliferation and SDF1-α-directed migration. Gene transfer of ARPC1B in patients' T cells using a lentiviral vector restored both ARPC1B expression and T-cell proliferation in vitro. In 2 of the patients, in vivo somatic reversion restored ARPC1B expression in a fraction of lymphocytes and was associated with a skewed TCR repertoire. In 1 revertant patient, memory CD8+ T cells expressing normal levels of ARPC1B displayed improved T-cell migration. Inherited ARPC1B deficiency therefore alters T-cell cytoskeletal dynamics and functions, contributing to the clinical features of CID.
Collapse
|
11
|
Schwinger W, Urban C, Ulreich R, Sperl D, Karastaneva A, Strenger V, Lackner H, Boztug K, Albert MH, Benesch M, Seidel MG. The Phenotype and Treatment of WIP Deficiency: Literature Synopsis and Review of a Patient With Pre-transplant Serial Donor Lymphocyte Infusions to Eliminate CMV. Front Immunol 2018; 9:2554. [PMID: 30450104 PMCID: PMC6224452 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.02554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2018] [Accepted: 10/17/2018] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Early diagnosis of primary immunodeficiency disorders (PID) is vital and allows directed treatment, especially in syndromes with severe or profound combined immunodeficiency. In PID patients with perinatal CMV or other opportunistic, invasive infections (e.g., Pneumocystis or Aspergillus), multi-organ morbidity may already arise within the first months of life, before hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) or gene therapy can be undertaken, compromising the definitive treatment and outcome. Deficiency of Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome (WAS) protein-interacting protein (WIP deficiency) causes an autosomal recessive, WAS-like syndrome with early-onset combined immunodeficiency that has been described in three pedigrees to date. While WAS typically includes combined immunodeficiency, microthrombocytopenia, and eczema, the clinical and laboratory phenotypes of WIP-deficient patients-including lymphocyte subsets, platelets, lymphocyte proliferation in vitro, and IgE-varied widely and did not entirely recapitulate WAS, impeding early diagnosis in the reported patients. To elucidate the phenotype of WIP deficiency, we provide a comprehensive synopsis of clinical and laboratory features of all hitherto-described patients (n = 6) and WIP negative mice. Furthermore, we summarize the treatment modalities and outcomes of these patients and review in detail the course of one of them who was successfully treated with serial, unconditioned, maternal, HLA-identical donor lymphocyte infusions (DLI) against life-threatening, invasive CMV infection, followed by a TCRαβ/CD19-depleted, treosulfan/melphalan-conditioned, peripheral blood HSCT and repetitive, secondary-prophylactic, CMV-specific DLI with 1-year post-HSCT follow-up. This strategy could be useful in other patients with substantial premorbidity, considered "too bad to transplant," who have an HLA-identical family donor, to eliminate infections and bridge until definitive treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wolfgang Schwinger
- Division of Pediatric Hematology-Oncology, Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Medical University Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Christian Urban
- Division of Pediatric Hematology-Oncology, Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Medical University Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Raphael Ulreich
- Pediatric Intensive Care Unit, Division of General Pediatrics, Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Medical University Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Daniela Sperl
- Division of Pediatric Hematology-Oncology, Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Medical University Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Anna Karastaneva
- Division of Pediatric Hematology-Oncology, Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Medical University Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Volker Strenger
- Division of Pediatric Hematology-Oncology, Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Medical University Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Herwig Lackner
- Division of Pediatric Hematology-Oncology, Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Medical University Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Kaan Boztug
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Rare and Undiagnosed Diseases, Vienna, Austria.,CeMM Research Center for Molecular Medicine of the Austrian Academy of Sciences, Vienna, Austria.,Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.,Department of Pediatrics, St. Anna Kinderspital and Children's Cancer Research Institute, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Michael H Albert
- Dr. von Hauner University Children's Hospital, Ludwig Maximilian Universität, Munich, Germany
| | - Martin Benesch
- Division of Pediatric Hematology-Oncology, Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Medical University Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Markus G Seidel
- Division of Pediatric Hematology-Oncology, Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Medical University Graz, Graz, Austria.,Research Unit for Pediatric Hematology and Immunology, Medical University Graz, Graz, Austria
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
T-cell defects in patients with ARPC1B germline mutations account for combined immunodeficiency. Blood 2018; 132:2362-2374. [PMID: 30254128 DOI: 10.1182/blood-2018-07-863431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2018] [Accepted: 09/17/2018] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
ARPC1B is a key factor for the assembly and maintenance of the ARP2/3 complex that is involved in actin branching from an existing filament. Germline biallelic mutations in ARPC1B have been recently described in 6 patients with clinical features of combined immunodeficiency (CID), whose neutrophils and platelets but not T lymphocytes were studied. We hypothesized that ARPC1B deficiency may also lead to cytoskeleton and functional defects in T cells. We have identified biallelic mutations in ARPC1B in 6 unrelated patients with early onset disease characterized by severe infections, autoimmune manifestations, and thrombocytopenia. Immunological features included T-cell lymphopenia, low numbers of naïve T cells, and hyper-immunoglobulin E. Alteration in ARPC1B protein structure led to absent/low expression by flow cytometry and confocal microscopy. This molecular defect was associated with the inability of patient-derived T cells to extend an actin-rich lamellipodia upon T-cell receptor (TCR) stimulation and to assemble an immunological synapse. ARPC1B-deficient T cells additionally displayed impaired TCR-mediated proliferation and SDF1-α-directed migration. Gene transfer of ARPC1B in patients' T cells using a lentiviral vector restored both ARPC1B expression and T-cell proliferation in vitro. In 2 of the patients, in vivo somatic reversion restored ARPC1B expression in a fraction of lymphocytes and was associated with a skewed TCR repertoire. In 1 revertant patient, memory CD8+ T cells expressing normal levels of ARPC1B displayed improved T-cell migration. Inherited ARPC1B deficiency therefore alters T-cell cytoskeletal dynamics and functions, contributing to the clinical features of CID.
Collapse
|
13
|
Rivers E, Thrasher AJ. Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome protein: Emerging mechanisms in immunity. Eur J Immunol 2017; 47:1857-1866. [DOI: 10.1002/eji.201646715] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2017] [Revised: 07/10/2017] [Accepted: 08/09/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
|
14
|
Janssen WJM, Geluk HCA, Boes M. F-actin remodeling defects as revealed in primary immunodeficiency disorders. Clin Immunol 2016; 164:34-42. [PMID: 26802313 DOI: 10.1016/j.clim.2016.01.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2015] [Revised: 01/15/2016] [Accepted: 01/19/2016] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Primary immunodeficiencies (PIDs) are a heterogeneous group of immune-related diseases. PIDs develop due to defects in gene-products that have consequences to immune cell function. A number of PID-proteins is involved in the remodeling of filamentous actin (f-actin) to support the generation of a contact zone between the antigen-specific T cell and antigen presenting cell (APC): the immunological synapse (IS). IS formation is the first step towards T-cell activation and essential for clonal expansion and acquisition of effector function. We here evaluated PIDs in which aberrant f-actin-driven IS formation may contribute to the PID disease phenotypes as seen in patients. We review examples of such contributions to PID phenotypes from literature, and highlight cases in which PID-proteins were evaluated for a role in f-actin polymerization and IS formation. We conclude with the proposition that patient groups might benefit from stratifying them in distinct functional groups in regard to their f-actin remodeling phenotypes in lymphocytes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- W J M Janssen
- Laboratory of Translational Immunology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Wilhelmina Children's Hospital, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - H C A Geluk
- Laboratory of Translational Immunology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Wilhelmina Children's Hospital, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - M Boes
- Laboratory of Translational Immunology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Wilhelmina Children's Hospital, Utrecht, The Netherlands.
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Filteau M, Hamel V, Pouliot MC, Gagnon-Arsenault I, Dubé AK, Landry CR. Evolutionary rescue by compensatory mutations is constrained by genomic and environmental backgrounds. Mol Syst Biol 2015; 11:832. [PMID: 26459777 PMCID: PMC4631203 DOI: 10.15252/msb.20156444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Since deleterious mutations may be rescued by secondary mutations during evolution, compensatory evolution could identify genetic solutions leading to therapeutic targets. Here, we tested this hypothesis and examined whether these solutions would be universal or would need to be adapted to one's genetic and environmental makeups. We performed experimental evolutionary rescue in a yeast disease model for the Wiskott–Aldrich syndrome in two genetic backgrounds and carbon sources. We found that multiple aspects of the evolutionary rescue outcome depend on the genotype, the environment, or a combination thereof. Specifically, the compensatory mutation rate and type, the molecular rescue mechanism, the genetic target, and the associated fitness cost varied across contexts. The course of compensatory evolution is therefore highly contingent on the initial conditions in which the deleterious mutation occurs. In addition, these results reveal biologically favored therapeutic targets for the Wiskott–Aldrich syndrome, including the target of an unrelated clinically approved drug. Our results experimentally illustrate the importance of epistasis and environmental evolutionary constraints that shape the adaptive landscape and evolutionary rate of molecular networks.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marie Filteau
- Département de Biologie, PROTEO and Institut de Biologie Intégrative et des Systèmes (IBIS) Université Laval, Québec, Qc, Canada
| | - Véronique Hamel
- Département de Biologie, PROTEO and Institut de Biologie Intégrative et des Systèmes (IBIS) Université Laval, Québec, Qc, Canada
| | - Marie-Christine Pouliot
- Département de Biologie, PROTEO and Institut de Biologie Intégrative et des Systèmes (IBIS) Université Laval, Québec, Qc, Canada
| | - Isabelle Gagnon-Arsenault
- Département de Biologie, PROTEO and Institut de Biologie Intégrative et des Systèmes (IBIS) Université Laval, Québec, Qc, Canada
| | - Alexandre K Dubé
- Département de Biologie, PROTEO and Institut de Biologie Intégrative et des Systèmes (IBIS) Université Laval, Québec, Qc, Canada
| | - Christian R Landry
- Département de Biologie, PROTEO and Institut de Biologie Intégrative et des Systèmes (IBIS) Université Laval, Québec, Qc, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Kallikourdis M, Viola A, Benvenuti F. Human Immunodeficiencies Related to Defective APC/T Cell Interaction. Front Immunol 2015; 6:433. [PMID: 26379669 PMCID: PMC4551858 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2015.00433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2015] [Accepted: 08/09/2015] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The primary event for initiating adaptive immune responses is the encounter between T lymphocytes and antigen presenting cells (APCs) in the T cell area of secondary lymphoid organs and the formation of highly organized intercellular junctions referred to as immune synapses (IS). In vivo live-cell imaging of APC-T cell interactions combined to functional studies unveiled that T cell fate is dictated, in large part, by the stability of the initial contact. Immune cell interaction is equally important during delivery of T cell help to B cells and for the killing of target cells by cytotoxic T cells and NK cells. The critical role of contact dynamics and synapse stability on the immune response is well illustrated by human immune deficiencies in which disease pathogenesis is linked to altered adhesion or defective cross-talk between the synaptic partners. The Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome (WAS) is a severe primary immunodeficiency caused by mutations in the Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome protein (WASp), a scaffold that promotes actin polymerization and links TCR stimulation to T cell activation. Absence or mutations in WASp affects intercellular APC-T cell communications by interfering with multiple mechanisms on both sides of the IS. The warts, hypogammaglobulinemia, infections, and myelokathexis (WHIM) syndrome is caused by mutations in CXCR4, a chemokine receptor that in mutant form leads to impairment of APC-T cell interactions. Present evidences suggest that other recently characterized primary immune deficiencies caused by mutation in genes linked to actin cytoskeletal reorganization, such as WIP and DOCK8, may also depend on altered synapse stability. Here, we will discuss in details the mechanisms of disturbed APC-T cell interactions in WAS and WHIM. Moreover, we will summarize the evidence pointing to a compromised conjugate formation in WIP, DOCK8, and X-linked lymphoproliferative syndrome.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marinos Kallikourdis
- Humanitas University , Rozzano , Italy ; Adaptive Immunity Laboratory, Humanitas Clinical and Research Center , Rozzano , Italy
| | | | - Federica Benvenuti
- Cellular Immunology, International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology , Trieste , Italy
| |
Collapse
|