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Chen Y, Jin X, Wang Q, Hu S, Huang X. Causal role of immune cells in chronic periodontitis: a bidirectional Mendelian randomization study. BMC Oral Health 2024; 24:806. [PMID: 39014403 PMCID: PMC11253491 DOI: 10.1186/s12903-024-04592-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2023] [Accepted: 07/09/2024] [Indexed: 07/18/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND This study aims to explore the bidirectional causal relationship between immune cell phenotypes and chronic periodontitis using a Mendelian randomization framework. MATERIALS AND METHODS Through a two-sample Mendelian randomization analysis, this research examined genetic data related to 731 immune cell traits and chronic periodontitis. Instrumental variables were chosen based on their genetic links to either immune traits or periodontitis. Various statistical techniques, including MR-Egger regression, weighted median, and inverse-variance weighted (IVW) analysis, were employed to determine the causal connections. RESULTS Predominantly using the IVW method, 26 distinct immune phenotypes were identified as potentially influencing periodontitis (P < 0.05). Conversely, periodontitis potentially affected 33 different immune phenotypes (P < 0.05). The results for pleiotropy and sensitivity tests were stable. However, these associations lost significance after adjusting for the False Discovery Rate. CONCLUSION This study uncovers a complex bidirectional causal relationship between certain immune cell phenotypes and chronic periodontitis, underscoring the intricate interaction between the immune system and the pathogenesis of periodontal disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Chen
- Department of Stomatology, the Fourth Affiliated Hospital of School of Medicine, and International School of Medicine, International Institutes of Medicine, Zhejiang University, No.N1, Shangcheng Avenue, Yiwu City, Zhejiang Province, 322000, China
| | - Xinyang Jin
- Department of Stomatology, the Fourth Affiliated Hospital of School of Medicine, and International School of Medicine, International Institutes of Medicine, Zhejiang University, No.N1, Shangcheng Avenue, Yiwu City, Zhejiang Province, 322000, China
| | - Qi Wang
- Department of Stomatology, the Fourth Affiliated Hospital of School of Medicine, and International School of Medicine, International Institutes of Medicine, Zhejiang University, No.N1, Shangcheng Avenue, Yiwu City, Zhejiang Province, 322000, China
| | - Sai Hu
- Department of Stomatology, the Fourth Affiliated Hospital of School of Medicine, and International School of Medicine, International Institutes of Medicine, Zhejiang University, No.N1, Shangcheng Avenue, Yiwu City, Zhejiang Province, 322000, China
| | - Xu Huang
- Department of Stomatology, the Fourth Affiliated Hospital of School of Medicine, and International School of Medicine, International Institutes of Medicine, Zhejiang University, No.N1, Shangcheng Avenue, Yiwu City, Zhejiang Province, 322000, China.
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Puletic M, Velikic G, Maric DM, Supic G, Maric DL, Radovic N, Avramov S, Vojvodic D. Clinical Efficacy of Extracellular Vesicle Therapy in Periodontitis: Reduced Inflammation and Enhanced Regeneration. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:5753. [PMID: 38891939 PMCID: PMC11171522 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25115753] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2024] [Revised: 05/12/2024] [Accepted: 05/21/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Periodontitis, a prevalent inflammatory condition, affects the supporting structures of teeth, leading to significant oral health challenges. Traditional treatments have primarily focused on mechanical debridement, antimicrobial therapy, and surgery, which often fail to restore lost periodontal structures. Emerging as a novel approach in regenerative medicine, extracellular vesicle (EV) therapy, including exosomes, leverages nano-sized vesicles known for facilitating intercellular communication and modulating physiological and pathological processes. This study is a proof-of-concept type that evaluates the clinical efficacy of EV therapy as a non-surgical treatment for stage I-III periodontitis, focusing on its anti-inflammatory and regenerative potential. The research involved seven patients undergoing the therapy, and seven healthy individuals. Clinical parameters, including the plaque index, bleeding on probing, probing depth, and attachment level, were assessed alongside cytokine levels in the gingival crevicular fluid. The study found significant improvements in clinical parameters, and a marked reduction in pro-inflammatory cytokines post-treatment, matching the levels of healthy subjects, underscoring the therapy's ability to not only attenuate inflammation and enhance tissue regeneration, but also highlighting its potential in restoring periodontal health. This investigation illuminates the promising role of EV therapy in periodontal treatment, advocating for a shift towards therapies that halt disease progression and promote structural and functional restoration of periodontal tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miljan Puletic
- Faculty of Stomatology Pancevo, University Business Academy, 26101 Pancevo, Serbia; (M.P.); (D.M.M.); (N.R.); (S.A.)
| | - Gordana Velikic
- Department for Research and Development, Clinic Orto MD-Parks Hospital, 21000 Novi Sad, Serbia
- Hajim School of Engineering, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY 14627, USA
| | - Dusan M. Maric
- Faculty of Stomatology Pancevo, University Business Academy, 26101 Pancevo, Serbia; (M.P.); (D.M.M.); (N.R.); (S.A.)
- Department for Research and Development, Clinic Orto MD-Parks Hospital, 21000 Novi Sad, Serbia
| | - Gordana Supic
- Institute for Medical Research, Military Medical Academy, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia; (G.S.); (D.V.)
- Medical Faculty of Military Medical Academy, University of Defense, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Dusica L. Maric
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, University of Novi Sad, 21000 Novi Sad, Serbia
| | - Nikola Radovic
- Faculty of Stomatology Pancevo, University Business Academy, 26101 Pancevo, Serbia; (M.P.); (D.M.M.); (N.R.); (S.A.)
| | - Stevan Avramov
- Faculty of Stomatology Pancevo, University Business Academy, 26101 Pancevo, Serbia; (M.P.); (D.M.M.); (N.R.); (S.A.)
- Institute for Biological Research “Sinisa Stankovic”, National Institute of the Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, 11060 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Danilo Vojvodic
- Institute for Medical Research, Military Medical Academy, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia; (G.S.); (D.V.)
- Medical Faculty of Military Medical Academy, University of Defense, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
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Scrobota I, Tig IA, Marcu AO, Potra Cicalau GI, Sachelarie L, Iova G. Evaluation of Immunohistochemical Biomarkers in Diabetic Wistar Rats with Periodontal Disease. J Pers Med 2024; 14:527. [PMID: 38793109 PMCID: PMC11121950 DOI: 10.3390/jpm14050527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2024] [Revised: 05/11/2024] [Accepted: 05/13/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The association of periodontal disease and diabetes is a subject of intense research in terms of etiopathology and treatment options. This research aimed to evaluate the modulation of the local inflammatory status by two natural extracts, curcumin (Cu) and rutin (R), in an experimentally induced diabetes and periodontal disease in Wistar rats. METHODS Fifty Wistar albino rats were randomly assigned to five groups: Control (C), Diabetes-associated Periodontal Disease (DP), Diabetes-associated Periodontal Disease treated with Curcumin (DPCu), Diabetes-associated Periodontal Disease treated with Rutin (DPR), and Diabetes-associated Periodontal Disease treated with both Curcumin and Rutin (DPCuR). Gingival samples were collected from all rats, and immunohistochemical markers CD3, CD20, and CD34 were evaluated to assess the local inflammatory infiltrate. Descriptive statistics were applied (SPSS24 Software, Armonk, NY, USA). RESULTS Rutin, alone or combined with Curcumin, reduced CD3-positive cell levels. Curcumin demonstrated superior efficacy in reducing CD20-positive cells. The combination of Curcumin and Rutin had the most important impact on both markers. Curcumin notably increased immature CD34-positive cell levels. CONCLUSIONS Curcumin and Rutin, either alone or together, hold potential for reducing local inflammation in diabetes-induced periodontal disease in Wistar rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ioana Scrobota
- Department of Dental Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, University of Oradea, 1st Decembrie Street, 410073 Oradea, Romania; (I.S.); (I.A.T.); (G.I.P.C.); (G.I.)
| | - Ioan Andrei Tig
- Department of Dental Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, University of Oradea, 1st Decembrie Street, 410073 Oradea, Romania; (I.S.); (I.A.T.); (G.I.P.C.); (G.I.)
| | - Andrea Olivia Marcu
- Preclinics Department, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, University of Oradea, 410073 Oradea, Romania;
| | - Georgiana Ioana Potra Cicalau
- Department of Dental Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, University of Oradea, 1st Decembrie Street, 410073 Oradea, Romania; (I.S.); (I.A.T.); (G.I.P.C.); (G.I.)
| | - Liliana Sachelarie
- Preclinics Department, Faculty of Medicine, Apollonia University, 700511 Iasi, Romania
| | - Gilda Iova
- Department of Dental Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, University of Oradea, 1st Decembrie Street, 410073 Oradea, Romania; (I.S.); (I.A.T.); (G.I.P.C.); (G.I.)
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Anestino TA, Queiroz-Junior CM, Cruz AMF, Souza DG, Madeira MFM. The impact of arthritogenic viruses in oral tissues. J Appl Microbiol 2024; 135:lxae029. [PMID: 38323434 DOI: 10.1093/jambio/lxae029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2023] [Revised: 12/14/2023] [Accepted: 02/05/2024] [Indexed: 02/08/2024]
Abstract
Arthritis and periodontitis are inflammatory diseases that share several immunopathogenic features. The expansion in the study of virus-induced arthritis has shed light on how this condition could impact other parts of the human body, including the mouth. Viral arthritis is an inflammatory joint disease caused by several viruses, most notably the alphaviruses Chikungunya virus (CHIKV), Sindbis virus (SINV), Ross River virus (RRV), Mayaro virus (MAYV), and O'nyong'nyong virus (ONNV). These viruses can induce an upsurge of matrix metalloproteinases and immune-inflammatory mediators such as Interleukin-6 (IL6), IL-1β, tumor necrosis factor, chemokine ligand 2, and receptor activator of nuclear factor kappa-B ligand in the joint and serum of infected individuals. This can lead to the influx of inflammatory cells to the joints and associated muscles as well as osteoclast activation and differentiation, culminating in clinical signs of swelling, pain, and bone resorption. Moreover, several data indicate that these viral infections can affect other sites of the body, including the mouth. The human oral cavity is a rich and diverse microbial ecosystem, and viral infection can disrupt the balance of microbial species, causing local dysbiosis. Such events can result in oral mucosal damage and gingival bleeding, which are indicative of periodontitis. Additionally, infection by RRV, CHIKV, SINV, MAYV, or ONNV can trigger the formation of osteoclasts and upregulate pro-osteoclastogenic inflammatory mediators, interfering with osteoclast activation. As a result, these viruses may be linked to systemic conditions, including oral manifestations. Therefore, this review focuses on the involvement of alphavirus infections in joint and oral health, acting as potential agents associated with oral mucosal inflammation and alveolar bone loss. The findings of this review demonstrate how alphavirus infections could be linked to the comorbidity between arthritis and periodontitis and may provide a better understanding of potential therapeutic management for both conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thales Augusto Anestino
- Department of Microbiology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, CEP: 31270-901, Brazil
| | - Celso Martins Queiroz-Junior
- Department of Morphology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, CEP: 31270-901, Brazil
| | - Amanda Medeiros Frota Cruz
- Department of Microbiology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, CEP: 31270-901, Brazil
| | - Daniele G Souza
- Department of Microbiology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, CEP: 31270-901, Brazil
| | - Mila Fernandes Moreira Madeira
- Department of Microbiology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, CEP: 31270-901, Brazil
- Department of Oral Biology, Biomedical Research Institute, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, 14203, United States
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Zhu ZX, Liu Y, Wang J, Xie Y, Li RY, Ma Q, Tu Q, Melhem NA, Couldwell S, El-Araby RE, Tai A, Van Dyke TE, Karimbux N, Jeong YN, Chen JJ. A novel lncRNA-mediated epigenetic regulatory mechanism in periodontitis. Int J Biol Sci 2023; 19:5187-5203. [PMID: 37928259 PMCID: PMC10620817 DOI: 10.7150/ijbs.87977] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2023] [Accepted: 10/01/2023] [Indexed: 11/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Periodontitis is a highly prevalent chronic inflammatory disease with an exaggerated host immune response, resulting in periodontal tissue destruction and potential tooth loss. The long non-coding RNA, LncR-ANRIL, located on human chromosome 9p21, is recognized as a genetic risk factor for various conditions, including atherosclerosis, periodontitis, diabetes, and cancer. LncR-APDC is an ortholog of ANRIL located on mouse genome chr4. This study aims to comprehend the regulatory role of lncR-APDC in periodontitis progression. Our experimental findings, obtained from lncR-APDC gene knockout (KO) mice with induced experimental periodontitis (EP), revealed exacerbated bone loss and disrupted pro-inflammatory cytokine regulation. Downregulation of osteogenic differentiation occurred in bone marrow stem cells harvested from lncR-APDC-KO mice. Furthermore, single-cell RNA sequencing of periodontitis gingival tissue revealed alterations in the proportion and function of immune cells, including T and B cells, macrophages, and neutrophils, due to lncR-APDC silencing. Our findings also unveiled a previously unidentified epithelial cell subset that is distinctively presenting in the lncR-APDC-KO group. This epithelial subset, characterized by the positive expression of Krt8 and Krt18, engages in interactions with immune cells through a variety of ligand-receptor pairs. The expression of Tff2, now recognized for its role in chronic inflammatory conditions, exhibited a notable increase across various tissue and cell types in lncR-APDC deficient mice. Additionally, our investigation revealed the potential for a direct binding interaction between lncR-APDC and Tff2. Intra-gingival administration of AAV9-lncR-APDC was shown to have therapeutic effects in the EP model. In conclusion, our results suggest that lncR-APDC plays a critical role in the progression of periodontal disease and holds therapeutic potential for periodontitis. Furthermore, the presence of the distinctive epithelial subpopulation and significantly elevated Tff2 levels in the lncR-APDC-silenced EP model offer new perspectives on the epigenetic regulation of periodontitis pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zoe Xiaofang Zhu
- Division of Oral Biology, Tufts University School of Dental Medicine, 136 Harrison Ave, M&V Building Room 830, Boston, MA 02111, United States
- Department of Periodontology, Tufts University School of Dental Medicine, Boston, MA, 02211, United States
| | - Yao Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, China
| | - Jinghao Wang
- Division of Oral Biology, Tufts University School of Dental Medicine, 136 Harrison Ave, M&V Building Room 830, Boston, MA 02111, United States
| | - Ying Xie
- Division of Oral Biology, Tufts University School of Dental Medicine, 136 Harrison Ave, M&V Building Room 830, Boston, MA 02111, United States
| | - Rachel Yuantong Li
- Division of Oral Biology, Tufts University School of Dental Medicine, 136 Harrison Ave, M&V Building Room 830, Boston, MA 02111, United States
| | - Qian Ma
- Division of Oral Biology, Tufts University School of Dental Medicine, 136 Harrison Ave, M&V Building Room 830, Boston, MA 02111, United States
| | - Qisheng Tu
- Division of Oral Biology, Tufts University School of Dental Medicine, 136 Harrison Ave, M&V Building Room 830, Boston, MA 02111, United States
- Department of Periodontology, Tufts University School of Dental Medicine, Boston, MA, 02211, United States
| | - Neiman A Melhem
- Division of Oral Biology, Tufts University School of Dental Medicine, 136 Harrison Ave, M&V Building Room 830, Boston, MA 02111, United States
| | - Sandrine Couldwell
- Division of Oral Biology, Tufts University School of Dental Medicine, 136 Harrison Ave, M&V Building Room 830, Boston, MA 02111, United States
- Department of Periodontology, Tufts University School of Dental Medicine, Boston, MA, 02211, United States
| | - Rady E. El-Araby
- Division of Oral Biology, Tufts University School of Dental Medicine, 136 Harrison Ave, M&V Building Room 830, Boston, MA 02111, United States
| | - Albert Tai
- Department of Immunology, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, United States
- Data Intensive Studies Center, Tufts University, Medford, MA, United States
| | - Thomas E. Van Dyke
- Clinical and Translational Research, Oral Medicine, Infection, and Immunity, Harvard School of Dental Medicine, Forsyth Institute, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Nadeem Karimbux
- Department of Periodontology, Tufts University School of Dental Medicine, Boston, MA, 02211, United States
| | - Y. Natalie Jeong
- Department of Periodontology, Tufts University School of Dental Medicine, Boston, MA, 02211, United States
| | - Jake Jinkun Chen
- Division of Oral Biology, Tufts University School of Dental Medicine, 136 Harrison Ave, M&V Building Room 830, Boston, MA 02111, United States
- Department of Periodontology, Tufts University School of Dental Medicine, Boston, MA, 02211, United States
- Department of Genetics, Molecular and Cell Biology, Tufts University School of Medicine, Tufts School of Graduate Biomedical Sciences, 136 Harrison Ave, M&V Room 811, Boston, MA 02111, United States
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Junxian L, Mehrabanian M, Mivehchi H, Banakar M, Etajuri EA. The homeostasis and therapeutic applications of innate and adaptive immune cells in periodontitis. Oral Dis 2023; 29:2552-2564. [PMID: 36004490 DOI: 10.1111/odi.14360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2022] [Revised: 08/06/2022] [Accepted: 08/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Periodontitis (PD) is one of the most common dental disorders. This chronic oral inflammation is caused by complicated interrelations between bacterial infections, dysregulated immune reactions, and environmental risk factors. A dysregulated immune response can lead to inflammatory bone resorption by allowing the recruitment of pro-inflammatory immune cells to the periodontal tissues. SUBJECTS The recruitment of innate and adaptive immune cells in PD initiates the acute and following chronic inflammatory processes. The inflamed tissues, on the other hand, can be restored if the anti-inflammatory lineages are predominantly established in the periodontal tissues. Therefore, we aimed to review the published literature to provide an overview of the existing knowledge about the role of immune cells in PD, as well as their possible therapeutic applications. RESULTS Experimental studies showed that drugs/systems that negatively regulate inflammatory cells in the body, as well as interventions aimed at increasing the number of anti-inflammatory cells such as Tregs and Bregs, can both help in the healing process of PD. CONCLUSION Targeting immune cells or their positive/negative manipulations has been demonstrated to be an effective therapeutic method. However, to use this sort of immunotherapy in humans, further pre-clinical investigations, as well as randomized clinical trials, are required.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Junxian
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Shanxi Provincial People's Hospital, Taiyuan, China
| | - Mojtaba Mehrabanian
- DMD Dentist, Alumni of the Faculty of Dentistry, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Hassan Mivehchi
- DMD Dentist, Alumni of the Faculty of Dentistry, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Morteza Banakar
- Saveetha Dental College, Chennai, India
- Dental Research Center, Dentistry Research Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Enas Abdalla Etajuri
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Malaya, Malaya, Malaysia
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Stolley JM, Scott MC, Joag V, Dale AJ, Johnston TS, Saavedra F, Gavil NV, Lotfi-Emran S, Soerens AG, Weyu E, Pierson MJ, Herzberg MC, Zhang N, Vezys V, Masopust D. Depleting CD103+ resident memory T cells in vivo reveals immunostimulatory functions in oral mucosa. J Exp Med 2023; 220:e20221853. [PMID: 37097449 PMCID: PMC10130744 DOI: 10.1084/jem.20221853] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2022] [Revised: 02/15/2023] [Accepted: 03/31/2023] [Indexed: 04/26/2023] Open
Abstract
The oral mucosa is a frontline for microbial exposure and juxtaposes several unique tissues and mechanical structures. Based on parabiotic surgery of mice receiving systemic viral infections or co-housing with microbially diverse pet shop mice, we report that the oral mucosa harbors CD8+ CD103+ resident memory T cells (TRM), which locally survey tissues without recirculating. Oral antigen re-encounter during the effector phase of immune responses potentiated TRM establishment within tongue, gums, palate, and cheek. Upon reactivation, oral TRM triggered changes in somatosensory and innate immune gene expression. We developed in vivo methods for depleting CD103+ TRM while sparing CD103neg TRM and recirculating cells. This revealed that CD103+ TRM were responsible for inducing local gene expression changes. Oral TRM putatively protected against local viral infection. This study provides methods for generating, assessing, and in vivo depleting oral TRM, documents their distribution throughout the oral mucosa, and provides evidence that TRM confer protection and trigger responses in oral physiology and innate immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- J. Michael Stolley
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
- Center for Immunology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Milcah C. Scott
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
- Center for Immunology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Vineet Joag
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
- Center for Immunology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Alexander J. Dale
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Timothy S. Johnston
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Flavia Saavedra
- School of Dentistry, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Noah V. Gavil
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
- Center for Immunology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Sahar Lotfi-Emran
- Department of Medicine, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Andrew G. Soerens
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
- Center for Immunology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Eyob Weyu
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
- Center for Immunology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Mark J. Pierson
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
- Center for Immunology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Mark C. Herzberg
- School of Dentistry, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Nu Zhang
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Molecular Genetics, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Vaiva Vezys
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
- Center for Immunology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - David Masopust
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
- Center for Immunology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
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Xu T, Xie K, Wang C, Ivanovski S, Zhou Y. Immunomodulatory nanotherapeutic approaches for periodontal tissue regeneration. NANOSCALE 2023; 15:5992-6008. [PMID: 36896757 DOI: 10.1039/d2nr06149j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Periodontitis is an infection-induced inflammatory disease characterized by progressive destruction of tooth supporting tissues, which, if left untreated, can result in tooth loss. The destruction of periodontal tissues is primarily caused by an imbalance between the host immune protection and immune destruction mechanisms. The ultimate goal of periodontal therapy is to eliminate inflammation and promote the repair and regeneration of both hard and soft tissues, so as to restore the physiological structure and function of periodontium. Advancement in nanotechnologies has enabled the development of nanomaterials with immunomodulatory properties for regenerative dentistry. This review discusses the immune mechanisms of the major effector cells in the innate and adaptive immune systems, the physicochemical and biological properties of nanomaterials, and the research advancements in immunomodulatory nanotherapeutic approaches for the management of periodontitis and the regeneration of periodontal tissues. The current challenges, and prospects for future applications of nanomaterials are then discussed so that researchers at the intersections of osteoimmunology, regenerative dentistry and materiobiology will continue to advance the development of nanomaterials for improved periodontal tissue regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tian Xu
- School of Dentistry, The University of Queensland, QLD 4006, Australia.
| | - Kunke Xie
- Clinical Laboratory, Bo'Ai Hospital of Zhongshan, 6 Chenggui Road, East District, Zhongshan 528403, Guangdong, China
| | - Cong Wang
- School of Dentistry, The University of Queensland, QLD 4006, Australia.
| | - Sašo Ivanovski
- School of Dentistry, The University of Queensland, QLD 4006, Australia.
| | - Yinghong Zhou
- School of Dentistry, The University of Queensland, QLD 4006, Australia.
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Trtić N, Mori M, Matsui S, Nakamura N, Fukamachi H, Kurosawa M, Morisaki H, Maruoka Y, Mayers M, Okahashi N, Kuwata H, Itsumi M. Oral commensal bacterial flora is responsible for peripheral differentiation of neutrophils in the oral mucosa in the steady state. J Oral Biosci 2023; 65:119-125. [PMID: 36464149 DOI: 10.1016/j.job.2022.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2022] [Revised: 11/24/2022] [Accepted: 11/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/05/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Commensal bacteria in the host body play a fundamental role in the differentiation and maintenance of the immune system. Studies on intestinal immunity have revealed that, under steady-state conditions, microflora have an important role in the maintenance of health. However, the role of oral commensal bacteria on the oral immune system is still unclear. Here, we clarify the interactions between commensal bacteria and the oral mucosal immune system under steady-state conditions. METHODS We used germ-free mice that had never been exposed to bacteria and conventional mice grown with normal bacterial flora. Oral cells were isolated from the oral mucosa, stained with specific antibodies, and analyzed by flow cytometry. For the detection of myeloperoxidase and intracellular cytokines, oral cells were stimulated with N-formyl-methionine-leucyl-phenylalanine and phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate/ionomycin, respectively. RESULTS We found that the oral mucosa harbored more neutrophils in germ-free mice than in conventional mice. However, the majority of neutrophils in the germ-free oral mucosa exhibited an immature phenotype. Other immune cells, including macrophages, T cells, and B cells, in the oral mucosa of germ-free mice showed similar differentiation to those in conventional mice. These results indicate that in the steady-state oral mucosa, the normal commensal flora promote the peripheral differentiation of neutrophils. CONCLUSIONS The presence of commensal flora is critical for the development of adequate immune system in the oral mucosa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nataša Trtić
- Department of Oral Microbiology and Immunology, School of Dentistry, Showa University, 1-5-8 Hatanodai, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo, 142-8555, Japan; Department of Periodontology and Oral Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Banja Luka, Bulevar Vojvode Petra Bojovica 2, Banja Luka, 78000, Bosnia and Herzegovina
| | - Mina Mori
- Department of Oral Microbiology and Immunology, School of Dentistry, Showa University, 1-5-8 Hatanodai, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo, 142-8555, Japan; Department of Special Needs Dentistry, Division of Medical and Dental Cooperative Dentistry, Showa University, 2-1-1 Kitasenzoku, Ohta-ku, Tokyo, 145-8515, Japan
| | - Shohei Matsui
- Department of Oral Microbiology and Immunology, School of Dentistry, Showa University, 1-5-8 Hatanodai, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo, 142-8555, Japan; Department of Special Needs Dentistry, Division of Medical and Dental Cooperative Dentistry, Showa University, 2-1-1 Kitasenzoku, Ohta-ku, Tokyo, 145-8515, Japan
| | - Natsuno Nakamura
- Department of Oral Microbiology and Immunology, School of Dentistry, Showa University, 1-5-8 Hatanodai, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo, 142-8555, Japan; Department of Special Needs Dentistry, Division of Dentistry for Persons with Disabilities, School of Dentistry, Showa University, 2-1-1 Kitasenzoku, Ohta-ku, Tokyo, 145-8515, Japan
| | - Haruka Fukamachi
- Department of Oral Microbiology and Immunology, School of Dentistry, Showa University, 1-5-8 Hatanodai, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo, 142-8555, Japan
| | - Mie Kurosawa
- Department of Oral Microbiology and Immunology, School of Dentistry, Showa University, 1-5-8 Hatanodai, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo, 142-8555, Japan
| | - Hirobumi Morisaki
- Department of Oral Microbiology and Immunology, School of Dentistry, Showa University, 1-5-8 Hatanodai, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo, 142-8555, Japan
| | - Yasubumi Maruoka
- Department of Special Needs Dentistry, Division of Medical and Dental Cooperative Dentistry, Showa University, 2-1-1 Kitasenzoku, Ohta-ku, Tokyo, 145-8515, Japan
| | - Mie Mayers
- Department of Special Needs Dentistry, Division of Medical and Dental Cooperative Dentistry, Showa University, 2-1-1 Kitasenzoku, Ohta-ku, Tokyo, 145-8515, Japan
| | - Nobuo Okahashi
- Center for Frontier Oral Science, Osaka University Graduate School of Dentistry, 1-8 Yamada-Oka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Hirotaka Kuwata
- Department of Oral Microbiology and Immunology, School of Dentistry, Showa University, 1-5-8 Hatanodai, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo, 142-8555, Japan
| | - Momoe Itsumi
- Department of Oral Microbiology and Immunology, School of Dentistry, Showa University, 1-5-8 Hatanodai, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo, 142-8555, Japan.
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10
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Hu S, Li S, Ning W, Huang X, Liu X, Deng Y, Franceschi D, Ogbuehi AC, Lethaus B, Savkovic V, Li H, Gaus S, Zimmerer R, Ziebolz D, Schmalz G, Huang S. Identifying crosstalk genetic biomarkers linking a neurodegenerative disease, Parkinson's disease, and periodontitis using integrated bioinformatics analyses. Front Aging Neurosci 2022; 14:1032401. [PMID: 36545026 PMCID: PMC9760933 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2022.1032401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2022] [Accepted: 11/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective To identify the genetic linkage mechanisms underlying Parkinson's disease (PD) and periodontitis, and explore the role of immunology in the crosstalk between both these diseases. Methods The gene expression omnibus (GEO) datasets associated with whole blood tissue of PD patients and gingival tissue of periodontitis patients were obtained. Then, differential expression analysis was performed to identify the differentially expressed genes (DEGs) deregulated in both diseases, which were defined as crosstalk genes. Inflammatory response-related genes (IRRGs) were downloaded from the MSigDB database and used for dividing case samples of both diseases into different clusters using k-means cluster analysis. Feature selection was performed using the LASSO model. Thus, the hub crosstalk genes were identified. Next, the crosstalk IRRGs were selected and Pearson correlation coefficient analysis was applied to investigate the correlation between hub crosstalk genes and hub IRRGs. Additionally, immune infiltration analysis was performed to examine the enrichment of immune cells in both diseases. The correlation between hub crosstalk genes and highly enriched immune cells was also investigated. Results Overall, 37 crosstalk genes were found to be overlapping between the PD-associated DEGs and periodontitis-associated DEGs. Using clustering analysis, the most optimal clustering effects were obtained for periodontitis and PD when k = 2 and k = 3, respectively. Using the LASSO feature selection, five hub crosstalk genes, namely, FMNL1, MANSC1, PLAUR, RNASE6, and TCIRG1, were identified. In periodontitis, MANSC1 was negatively correlated and the other four hub crosstalk genes (FMNL1, PLAUR, RNASE6, and TCIRG1) were positively correlated with five hub IRRGs, namely, AQP9, C5AR1, CD14, CSF3R, and PLAUR. In PD, all five hub crosstalk genes were positively correlated with all five hub IRRGs. Additionally, RNASE6 was highly correlated with myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) in periodontitis, and MANSC1 was highly correlated with plasmacytoid dendritic cells in PD. Conclusion Five genes (i.e., FMNL1, MANSC1, PLAUR, RNASE6, and TCIRG1) were identified as crosstalk biomarkers linking PD and periodontitis. The significant correlation between these crosstalk genes and immune cells strongly suggests the involvement of immunology in linking both diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaonan Hu
- Stomatological Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China,*Correspondence: Shaonan Hu,
| | - Simin Li
- Stomatological Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wanchen Ning
- Stomatological Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiuhong Huang
- Stomatological Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiangqiong Liu
- Laboratory of Molecular Cell Biology, Beijing Tibetan Hospital, China Tibetology Research Center, Beijing, China
| | - Yupei Deng
- Laboratory of Molecular Cell Biology, Beijing Tibetan Hospital, China Tibetology Research Center, Beijing, China
| | - Debora Franceschi
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | | | - Bernd Lethaus
- Department of Cranio Maxillofacial Surgery, University Clinic Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Vuk Savkovic
- Department of Cranio Maxillofacial Surgery, University Clinic Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Hanluo Li
- Department of Cranio Maxillofacial Surgery, University Clinic Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Sebastian Gaus
- Department of Cranio Maxillofacial Surgery, University Clinic Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Rüdiger Zimmerer
- Department of Cranio Maxillofacial Surgery, University Clinic Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Dirk Ziebolz
- Department of Cariology, Endodontology and Periodontology, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Gerhard Schmalz
- Department of Cariology, Endodontology and Periodontology, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Shaohong Huang
- Stomatological Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China,Shaohong Huang,
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11
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Clark D, Radaic A, Kapila Y. Cellular Mechanisms of Inflammaging and Periodontal Disease. FRONTIERS IN DENTAL MEDICINE 2022; 3:844865. [PMID: 36540609 PMCID: PMC9762858 DOI: 10.3389/fdmed.2022.844865] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Increased age is associated with an increased prevalence of chronic inflammatory diseases and conditions. The term inflammaging has been used to describe the age-related changes to the immune response that results in a chronic and elevated inflammatory state that contributes, in part, to the increased prevalence of disease in older adults. Periodontal disease is a chronic inflammatory condition that affects the periodontium and increases in prevalence with age. To better understand the mechanisms that drive inflammaging, a broad body of research has focused on the pathological age-related changes to key cellular regulators of the immune response. This review will focus on our current understanding of how certain immune cells (neutrophils, macrophages, T cells) change with age and how such changes contribute to inflammaging and more specifically to periodontal disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Clark
- Department of Periodontics and Preventive Dentistry, School of Dental Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
| | - Allan Radaic
- Orofacial Sciences Department, School of Dentistry, University of California, San Francisco (UCSF), San Francisco, CA, United States
| | - Yvonne Kapila
- Orofacial Sciences Department, School of Dentistry, University of California, San Francisco (UCSF), San Francisco, CA, United States
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12
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Zou J, Zeng Z, Xie W, Zeng Z. Immunotherapy with regulatory T and B cells in periodontitis. Int Immunopharmacol 2022; 109:108797. [PMID: 35487085 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2022.108797] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2022] [Revised: 04/18/2022] [Accepted: 04/20/2022] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Periodontitis (PD), also known as gum disease, is a condition causing inflammatory bone resorption and tooth loss. Regulatory T cells (Tregs) and regulatory B cells (Bregs) are vital in controlling the immune response and hence play a role in infections and peripheral tolerance adjustment. These cells have immunosuppressive and tissue-repairing capabilities that are important for periodontal health; however, in inflammatory circumstances, Tregs may become unstable and dysfunctional, accelerating tissue deterioration. In recent years, Regulatory cell-mediated immunotherapy has been shown to be effective in many inflammatory diseases. Considering the roles of Tregs and Bregs in shaping immune responses, this study aimed to review the published articles in this field to provide a comprehensive view of the existing knowledge about the role of regulatory T and B cells, as well as their therapeutic applications in PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Zou
- Department of stomatology, Maternal and Child Health Centre, Ganzhou, Jiangxi 341000, China
| | - Zijun Zeng
- Anesthesia surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Gannan Medical College, Ganzhou, Jiangxi 341000, China
| | - Wen Xie
- Health Management Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Gannan Medical College, Ganzhou, Jiangxi 341000, China
| | - Zhimei Zeng
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Gannan Medical College Dental Department Ganzhou, Jiangxi 341000, China.
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13
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Jiang Q, Huang X, Yu W, Huang R, Zhao X, Chen C. mTOR Signaling in the Regulation of CD4+ T Cell Subsets in Periodontal Diseases. Front Immunol 2022; 13:827461. [PMID: 35222410 PMCID: PMC8866697 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.827461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2021] [Accepted: 01/20/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Periodontal disease results from the inflammatory infiltration by the microbial community which is marked through tooth mobility and alveolar bone resorption. The inflammation in periodontal disease is mediated by CD4+ T cells through cytokine secretion and osteoclastogenetic activity. Historically, the inflammatory model in periodontal disease is described through disruption of the balance between two subsets of T helper cells which are T-helper type 1 (Th1) and T-helper type 2 (Th2). However, more and more studies have found that apart from subsets of helper T cells, regulatory T-cells and Th17 cells are also involved in the pathogenesis of periodontal diseases. Growing evidence proves that helper T cells differentiation, activation, and subset determination are under the strong impact of mTOR signaling. mTOR signaling could promote Th1 and Th17 cell differentiation and inhibit Treg commitment through different mTOR complexes, therefore we anticipate a regulation effect of mTOR signaling on periodontal diseases by regulating CD4+ T cell subsets. This review aims to integrate the topical researches about the role of different types of Th cells in the pathogenesis of periodontal diseases, as well as the regulation of mTOR signaling in the specification and selection of Th cell commitment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Jiang
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery and Pharmacology, School of Dental Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Xiaobin Huang
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery and Pharmacology, School of Dental Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Wenjing Yu
- Department of Orthodontics, School of Dental Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Ranran Huang
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery and Pharmacology, School of Dental Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Xuefeng Zhao
- Department of Orthodontics, School of Dental Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States.,State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Chider Chen
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery and Pharmacology, School of Dental Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States.,Center of Innovation and Precision Dentistry, School of Dental Medicine, School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States
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14
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Balaji S, Cholan PK, Victor DJ. An emphasis of T-cell subsets as regulators of periodontal health and disease. J Clin Transl Res 2021; 7:648-656. [PMID: 34778595 PMCID: PMC8580519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2020] [Revised: 02/25/2021] [Accepted: 07/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The pathogenesis of complex diseases like periodontitis is moderated by the balance in immune inflammatory responses. T-lymphocytes are immune cells that descend from the bone marrow. Furthermore, they develop in the thymus playing an indispensable role in adaptive immune responses. The periodontal microenvironment allows differentiation of various groups of T-lymphocytes such as CD4+ (Th1/Th2/Th17/Treg/Tfh/Th9/T22), CD8+ cells, gamma-delta (γd) T cells, or memory cells based on the current regional cytokine milieu to secrete distinct cytokines and other molecules required for resolution of inflammation or result in progression of the disease based on interactions among various cells. AIM The dynamism of T-lymphocytes in the immunopathogenesis of periodontal diseases resulting in tissue destruction is established but the mechanisms of immunoregulation that underpins periodontal disease progression are cumbersome. This review aims to understand the distinct types of T cells and their effector functions with their portrayal in periodontal disease. RELEVANCE FOR PATIENTS This review gives valuable insights on the possibility of predicting periodontal disease progression, on the management and its prognosis by evaluating specific cytokines of destructive T-cell phenotype, and on the future perspectives of therapeutic modalities including ways of modulating host immune and inflammatory responses to establish periodontal homeostasis and areas of research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saranya Balaji
- Department of Periodontics, SRM Dental College, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Priyanka K. Cholan
- Department of Periodontics, SRM Dental College, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
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15
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Ilango P, Kumar D, Mahalingam A, Thanigaimalai A, Reddy VK. Evidence revealing the role of T cell regulators (Tregs) in periodontal diseases: A review. J Indian Soc Periodontol 2021; 25:278-282. [PMID: 34393396 PMCID: PMC8336777 DOI: 10.4103/jisp.jisp_308_20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2020] [Revised: 12/19/2020] [Accepted: 01/26/2021] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Periodontitis is an inflammatory disease of the periodontium, which is a reflection of the overgrowth of oral commensals. This alteration in the oral microbiota initiates inflammation of the gingiva, which when left untreated, terminates with the resorption of the alveolar bone that may lead to a poor and hopeless prognosis. With upcoming trends in modulating the host's immunity, the role of regulatory T-cells has gained importance. These T-cells defend against inflammation and autoimmunity as they suppress both. However, in both the conditions, the regulatory cells are invariably reduced in number. Novel methods to enhance the function of Tregs have made their way in dentistry, as a promising approach to cure periodontitis. This article discusses various significant tests and trials of Tregs in the recent years.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paavai Ilango
- Department of Periodontics, Priyadarshini Dental College and Hospital, Thiruvallur, India
| | - Dhanapriya Kumar
- Department of Periodontics, Priyadarshini Dental College and Hospital, Thiruvallur, India
| | - Arulpari Mahalingam
- Department of Pedodontics, Thai Moogambigai Dental College and Hospital, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Abirami Thanigaimalai
- Department of Periodontics, Priyadarshini Dental College and Hospital, Thiruvallur, India
| | - Vineela Katam Reddy
- Department of Periodontics, Indira Gandhi Dental College and Hospital, Puducherry, India
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16
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Zhang X, Wang Q, Yan X, Shan Y, Xing L, Li M, Long H, Lai W. Immune landscape of periodontitis unveils alterations of infiltrating immunocytes and molecular networks-aggregating into an interactive web-tool for periodontitis related immune analysis and visualization. J Transl Med 2020; 18:438. [PMID: 33208145 PMCID: PMC7672958 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-020-02616-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2020] [Accepted: 11/06/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Immunity reaction plays an essential role in periodontitis progress and we aim to investigate the underlying regulatory network of immune reactions in periodontitis. Methods CIBERSORT was used to estimate immunocyte fractions in different clinical statuses. Logistic regression was used to assess the immunocyte weight in periodontitis. Immune-related periodontitis subtypes were identified by the Nonnegative Matrix Factorization algorithm. Gene-set enrichment analysis and Gene-set variation analysis were conducted to analyze pathway activities. Immunocytes related gene modules were identified by Weighted gene co-expression network analysis. Results Altered immunocytes in healthy versus periodontitis, aggressive versus chronic, male versus female and age were identified. Immunocytes enriched in periodontitis were calculated, and their correlation was also explored. Two distinct immune-related periodontitis subtypes were identified and one is characterized by B cell reactions and the other is IL-6 cytokine reactions. 463 statistically significant correlations between 22 immunocytes and pathways were revealed. Immunocytes and clinical phenotypes matched their gene modules, and their functions were annotated. Last, an easy-to-use and user-friendly interactive web-tool were developed for periodontitis related immune analysis and visualization (https://118.24.100.193:3838/tool-PIA/). Conclusions This study systematically investigated periodontitis immune atlas and caught a glimpse of the underlying mechanism of periodontitis from gene-pathway-immunocyte networks, which can not only inspire researchers but also help them in periodontitis related immune researches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoqi Zhang
- Department of Orthodontics, State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center of Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, 14, Sect 3, Renmin South Rd, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, China
| | - Qingxuan Wang
- Department of Orthodontics, State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center of Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, 14, Sect 3, Renmin South Rd, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, China
| | - Xinyu Yan
- Department of Orthodontics, State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center of Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, 14, Sect 3, Renmin South Rd, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, China
| | - Yue Shan
- Department of Orthodontics, State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center of Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, 14, Sect 3, Renmin South Rd, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, China
| | - Lu Xing
- Department of Orthodontics, State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center of Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, 14, Sect 3, Renmin South Rd, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, China
| | - Minqi Li
- Department of Bone Metabolism, Shandong Key Laboratory of Oral Tissue Regeneration, School/Hospital of Stomatology, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Hu Long
- Department of Orthodontics, State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center of Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, 14, Sect 3, Renmin South Rd, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, China
| | - Wenli Lai
- Department of Orthodontics, State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center of Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, 14, Sect 3, Renmin South Rd, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, China.
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17
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Gu Y, Han X. Toll-Like Receptor Signaling and Immune Regulatory Lymphocytes in Periodontal Disease. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21093329. [PMID: 32397173 PMCID: PMC7247565 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21093329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2020] [Revised: 04/30/2020] [Accepted: 05/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Periodontitis is known to be initiated by periodontal microbiota derived from biofilm formation. The microbial dysbiotic changes in the biofilm trigger the host immune and inflammatory responses that can be both beneficial for the protection of the host from infection, and detrimental to the host, causing tissue destruction. During this process, recognition of Pathogen-Associated Molecular Patterns (PAMPs) by the host Pattern Recognition Receptors (PRRs) such as Toll-like receptors (TLRs) play an essential role in the host–microbe interaction and the subsequent innate as well as adaptive responses. If persistent, the adverse interaction triggered by the host immune response to the microorganisms associated with periodontal biofilms is a direct cause of periodontal inflammation and bone loss. A large number of T and B lymphocytes are infiltrated in the diseased gingival tissues, which can secrete inflammatory mediators and activate the osteolytic pathways, promoting periodontal inflammation and bone resorption. On the other hand, there is evidence showing that immune regulatory T and B cells are present in the diseased tissue and can be induced for the enhancement of their anti-inflammatory effects. Changes and distribution of the T/B lymphocytes phenotype seem to be a key determinant of the periodontal disease outcome, as the functional activities of these cells not only shape up the overall immune response pattern, but may directly regulate the osteoimmunological balance. Therefore, interventional strategies targeting TLR signaling and immune regulatory T/B cells may be a promising approach to rebalance the immune response and alleviate bone loss in periodontal disease. In this review, we will examine the etiological role of TLR signaling and immune cell osteoclastogenic activity in the pathogenesis of periodontitis. More importantly, the protective effects of immune regulatory lymphocytes, particularly the activation and functional role of IL-10 expressing regulatory B cells, will be discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingzhi Gu
- Department of Immunology and Infectious Diseases, The Forsyth Institute, 245 First Street, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA;
| | - Xiaozhe Han
- Department of Immunology and Infectious Diseases, The Forsyth Institute, 245 First Street, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA;
- Department of Oral Medicine, Infection and Immunity, Harvard School of Dental Medicine, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Correspondence:
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18
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Figueredo CM, Lira-Junior R, Love RM. T and B Cells in Periodontal Disease: New Functions in A Complex Scenario. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20163949. [PMID: 31416146 PMCID: PMC6720661 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20163949] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2019] [Revised: 08/09/2019] [Accepted: 08/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Periodontal disease is characterised by a dense inflammatory infiltrate in the connective tissue. When the resolution is not achieved, the activation of T and B cells is crucial in controlling chronic inflammation through constitutive cytokine secretion and modulation of osteoclastogenesis. The present narrative review aims to overview the recent findings of the importance of T and B cell subsets, as well as their cytokine expression, in the pathogenesis of the periodontal disease. T regulatory (Treg), CD8+ T, and tissue-resident γδ T cells are important to the maintenance of gingival homeostasis. In inflamed gingiva, however, the secretion of IL-17 and secreted osteoclastogenic factor of activated T cells (SOFAT) by activated T cells is crucial to induce osteoclastogenesis via RANKL activation. Moreover, the capacity of mucosal-associated invariant T cells (MAIT cells) to produce cytokines, such as IFN-γ, TNF-α, and IL-17, might indicate a critical role of such cells in the disease pathogenesis. Regarding B cells, low levels of memory B cells in clinically healthy periodontium seem to be important to avoid bone loss due to the subclinical inflammation that occurs. On the other hand, they can exacerbate alveolar bone loss in a receptor activator of nuclear factor kappa-B ligand (RANKL)-dependent manner and affect the severity of periodontitis. In conclusion, several new functions have been discovered and added to the complex knowledge about T and B cells, such as possible new functions for Tregs, the role of SOFAT, and MAIT cells, as well as B cells activating RANKL. The activation of distinct T and B cell subtypes is decisive in defining whether the inflammatory lesion will stabilise as chronic gingivitis or will progress to a tissue destructive periodontitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- C M Figueredo
- School of Dentistry and Oral Health, Griffith University, Queensland 4222, Australia.
- Menzies Health Institute Queensland, Griffith University, Gold Coast, QLD 4222, Australia.
| | - R Lira-Junior
- Division of Oral Diseases, Department of Dental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, 141 04 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - R M Love
- School of Dentistry and Oral Health, Griffith University, Queensland 4222, Australia
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19
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Alvarez C, Monasterio G, Cavalla F, Córdova LA, Hernández M, Heymann D, Garlet GP, Sorsa T, Pärnänen P, Lee HM, Golub LM, Vernal R, Kantarci A. Osteoimmunology of Oral and Maxillofacial Diseases: Translational Applications Based on Biological Mechanisms. Front Immunol 2019; 10:1664. [PMID: 31379856 PMCID: PMC6657671 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.01664] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2018] [Accepted: 07/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The maxillofacial skeleton is highly dynamic and requires a constant equilibrium between the bone resorption and bone formation. The field of osteoimmunology explores the interactions between bone metabolism and the immune response, providing a context to study the complex cellular and molecular networks involved in oro-maxillofacial osteolytic diseases. In this review, we present a framework for understanding the potential mechanisms underlying the immuno-pathobiology in etiologically-diverse diseases that affect the oral and maxillofacial region and share bone destruction as their common clinical outcome. These otherwise different pathologies share similar inflammatory pathways mediated by central cellular players, such as macrophages, T and B cells, that promote the differentiation and activation of osteoclasts, ineffective or insufficient bone apposition by osteoblasts, and the continuous production of osteoclastogenic signals by immune and local stromal cells. We also present the potential translational applications of this knowledge based on the biological mechanisms involved in the inflammation-induced bone destruction. Such applications can be the development of immune-based therapies that promote bone healing/regeneration, the identification of host-derived inflammatory/collagenolytic biomarkers as diagnostics tools, the assessment of links between oral and systemic diseases; and the characterization of genetic polymorphisms in immune or bone-related genes that will help diagnosis of susceptible individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carla Alvarez
- Forsyth Institute, Cambridge, MA, United States
- Periodontal Biology Laboratory, Faculty of Dentistry, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Gustavo Monasterio
- Periodontal Biology Laboratory, Faculty of Dentistry, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Franco Cavalla
- Department of Conservative Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Luis A. Córdova
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Faculty of Dentistry, San Jose's Hospital and Clínica Las Condes, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Marcela Hernández
- Periodontal Biology Laboratory, Faculty of Dentistry, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Dominique Heymann
- INSERM, UMR 1232, LabCT, CRCINA, Institut de Cancérologie de l'Ouest, Université de Nantes, Université d'Angers, Saint-Herblain, France
| | - Gustavo P. Garlet
- Department of Biological Sciences, Bauru School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo, Bauru, Brazil
| | - Timo Sorsa
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Diseases, University of Helsinki, Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
- Department of Oral Diseases, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Pirjo Pärnänen
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Diseases, University of Helsinki, Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Hsi-Ming Lee
- Department of Oral Biology and Pathology, School of Dental Medicine, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, United States
| | - Lorne M. Golub
- Department of Oral Biology and Pathology, School of Dental Medicine, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, United States
| | - Rolando Vernal
- Periodontal Biology Laboratory, Faculty of Dentistry, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
- Dentistry Unit, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universidad Autónoma de Chile, Santiago, Chile
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CD8 + Foxp3 + T Cells Affect Alveolar Bone Homeostasis via Modulating Tregs/Th17 During Induced Periodontitis: an Adoptive Transfer Experiment. Inflammation 2019; 41:1791-1803. [PMID: 29951876 DOI: 10.1007/s10753-018-0822-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Periodontitis is a dysbiotic bacteria-mediated disease characterized by periodontal inflammations and alveolar bone damage. Its mechanisms were complicated, involving an inflammation-mediated bone destruction. We sought to determine roles and rules that CD8+ regulatory T cells (CD8+ Tregs) affect alveolar bone homeostasis during periodontitis. Presence of CD8+ Tregs in the gingiva, cervical lymph nodes (CLNs), and spleens of healthy or periodontitis animals was analyzed. CD8+ regulatory T cells from periodontitis animals were sorted by magnetic-activated cell sorting and fluorescent-activated cell sorting technique, subsequently injected into recipient animals to set adoptive transfer model. We induced experimental periodontitis on transfer models and equal number healthy animals. Four weeks later, their alveolar bone loss and osteoclast coverage length were measured. We also detected CD8+ Tregs, CD4+ T cell, CD4+ Tregs, Th17 cell, and IL-1β, IL-6, IL-10, IL-17A, RANKL, TGF-β expression in the gingiva, CLNs, and spleen to illustrate possible working mechanism of CD8+ regulatory T cells. Periodontitis does not induce significant change on proportion or amount of CD8+ Tregs. Adoptive transfer of CD8+ Tregs reduces alveolar bone destruction and osteoclast formation. In addition, experimental periodontitis increases percentage of Th17 cells and decreases CD4+ Tregs in the gingiva and CLNs. More IL-1β, IL-6, IL-17A, and RANKL, and less IL-10 and TGF-β are also detected in the gingiva and CLNs from animals with periodontitis than the one from healthy animals. Adoptive transfer of CD8+ regulatory T cells remedies all above pathological change effectively. We did not find any significant difference in spleen, regardless group and detected items. Outcomes of present study clarify function that CD8+ regulatory T cells affect alveolar bone homeostasis, and disclose its possible working mechanisms. CD8+ regulatory T cells protect alveolar bone via reducing osteoclastogenesis and modulating local immune response.
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