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Lamendour L, Gilotin M, Deluce-Kakwata Nkor N, Lakhrif Z, Meley D, Poupon A, Laboute T, di Tommaso A, Pin JJ, Mulleman D, Le Mélédo G, Aubrey N, Watier H, Velge-Roussel F. Bispecific antibodies tethering innate receptors induce human tolerant-dendritic cells and regulatory T cells. Front Immunol 2024; 15:1369117. [PMID: 38601165 PMCID: PMC11005913 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1369117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2024] [Accepted: 03/04/2024] [Indexed: 04/12/2024] Open
Abstract
There is an urgent need for alternative therapies targeting human dendritic cells (DCs) that could reverse inflammatory syndromes in many autoimmune and inflammatory diseases and organ transplantations. Here, we describe a bispecific antibody (bsAb) strategy tethering two pathogen-recognition receptors at the surface of human DCs. This cross-linking switches DCs into a tolerant profile able to induce regulatory T-cell differentiation. The bsAbs, not parental Abs, induced interleukin 10 and transforming growth factor β1 secretion in monocyte-derived DCs and human peripheral blood mononuclear cells. In addition, they induced interleukin 10 secretion by synovial fluid cells in rheumatoid arthritis and gout patients. This concept of bsAb-induced tethering of surface pathogen-recognition receptors switching cell properties opens a new therapeutic avenue for controlling inflammation and restoring immune tolerance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucille Lamendour
- EA7501, Groupe Innovation et Ciblage Cellulaire, Team Fc Récepteurs, Anticorps et MicroEnvironnement (FRAME), Université de Tours, Tours, France
| | - Mäelle Gilotin
- EA7501, Groupe Innovation et Ciblage Cellulaire, Team Fc Récepteurs, Anticorps et MicroEnvironnement (FRAME), Université de Tours, Tours, France
| | - Nora Deluce-Kakwata Nkor
- EA7501, Groupe Innovation et Ciblage Cellulaire, Team Fc Récepteurs, Anticorps et MicroEnvironnement (FRAME), Université de Tours, Tours, France
| | - Zineb Lakhrif
- Infectiologie et Santé Publique (ISP) UMR 1282, INRAE, Team BioMAP, Université de Tours, Tours, France
| | - Daniel Meley
- EA7501, Groupe Innovation et Ciblage Cellulaire, Team Fc Récepteurs, Anticorps et MicroEnvironnement (FRAME), Université de Tours, Tours, France
| | - Anne Poupon
- institut de recherche pour l’agriculture, l’alimentation et ’environnement (INRAE) UMR 0085, centre de recherche scientifique (CNRS) UMR 7247, Physiologie de la Reproduction et des Comportements, Université de Tours, Tours, France
- MAbSilico, Tours, France
| | - Thibaut Laboute
- EA7501, Groupe Innovation et Ciblage Cellulaire, Team Fc Récepteurs, Anticorps et MicroEnvironnement (FRAME), Université de Tours, Tours, France
| | - Anne di Tommaso
- Infectiologie et Santé Publique (ISP) UMR 1282, INRAE, Team BioMAP, Université de Tours, Tours, France
| | | | - Denis Mulleman
- EA7501, Groupe Innovation et Ciblage Cellulaire, Team Fc Récepteurs, Anticorps et MicroEnvironnement (FRAME), Université de Tours, Tours, France
- Service de Rhumatologie, Centre Hospitalo-Universitaire (CHRU) de Tours, Tours, France
| | - Guillaume Le Mélédo
- EA7501, Groupe Innovation et Ciblage Cellulaire, Team Fc Récepteurs, Anticorps et MicroEnvironnement (FRAME), Université de Tours, Tours, France
- Service de Rhumatologie, Centre Hospitalo-Universitaire (CHRU) de Tours, Tours, France
| | - Nicolas Aubrey
- Infectiologie et Santé Publique (ISP) UMR 1282, INRAE, Team BioMAP, Université de Tours, Tours, France
| | - Hervé Watier
- EA7501, Groupe Innovation et Ciblage Cellulaire, Team Fc Récepteurs, Anticorps et MicroEnvironnement (FRAME), Université de Tours, Tours, France
| | - Florence Velge-Roussel
- EA7501, Groupe Innovation et Ciblage Cellulaire, Team Fc Récepteurs, Anticorps et MicroEnvironnement (FRAME), Université de Tours, Tours, France
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2
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Zhang D, Pan F, Zhu M, Li N, Liu M. Exosomes derived miR-362 exacerbates pneumonia by increasing Interleukin-6 via targeting VENTX. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY 2023; 38:2298-2309. [PMID: 37334766 DOI: 10.1002/tox.23867] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2023] [Revised: 06/01/2023] [Accepted: 06/05/2023] [Indexed: 06/20/2023]
Abstract
Pneumonia is a condition characterized by lung damage resulting from a robust immune response by the host. While the defense and immunity against bacterial lung infections have been extensively studied, little is known about the specific immune factors involved in the progression of bacterial pneumonia. To address this knowledge gap, our study aimed to compare normal lung tissues with pneumonia tissues using various techniques, including HE staining, RNA sequencing, RT-PCR, and Elisa assay. Our analysis revealed a significant increase in the levels of interleukin-6 (IL-6) in pneumonia tissues compared to normal lung tissues. To further investigate the underlying mechanism, we extracted exosomes from both pneumonia and normal lung tissues using ultracentrifugation. The exosomes were then examined using electron microscopy, diameter analysis, and western blot assay. RNA sequencing of the exosomes revealed an upregulation of several microRNAs (miRNAs), with miR-362 exhibiting the most significant change. This finding was confirmed through RT-PCR analysis conducted on lung tissues and alveolar lavage fluid. To gain insights into the specific target genes of miR-362, we employed bioinformatics analysis, which identified VENTX as a potential target gene. This finding was further validated through RT-PCR, western blot, and luciferase assay. Our experimental evidence demonstrated that miR-362 regulates VENTX expression, as evidenced by the use of miR-362 mimics or inhibitors on lung cells. Furthermore, we discovered that exosomes derived from pneumonia tissues upregulate IL-6 production through the miR-362/VENTX axis. Importantly, the blocking of IL-6 generation, which is facilitated by miR-362 inhibitor and VENTX overexpression lentivirus, can be achieved by treating exosomes. Moreover, we conducted in vivo experiments using pneumonia models. Rats were treated with IL-6, miR-362 mimics, or VENTX knock-down lentivirus. The results demonstrated a worse prognosis for rats treated with these factors, indicating their potential as prognostic markers. Taken together, our study suggests that exosomes facilitate IL-6 generation by transferring miR-362, thereby suppressing VENTX transcription. Consequently, the IL-6/miR-362/VENTX axis emerges as a promising therapeutic target for pneumonia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongqing Zhang
- Department of General Practie, Minhang Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Fei Pan
- Department of General Practie, Minhang Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Minjie Zhu
- Department of General Practie, Minhang Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Na Li
- Department of General Practie, Minhang Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Mei Liu
- Department of General Practie, Minhang Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
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3
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Talmon M, Percio M, Obeng JA, Ruffinatti FA, Sola D, Sainaghi PP, Bellis E, Cusinato S, Ianniello A, Fresu LG. Transcriptomic profile comparison of monocytes from rheumatoid arthritis patients in treatment with methotrexate, anti-TNFa, abatacept or tocilizumab. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0282564. [PMID: 36877690 PMCID: PMC9987802 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0282564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2022] [Accepted: 02/20/2023] [Indexed: 03/07/2023] Open
Abstract
It is well documented that patients affected by rheumatoid arthritis (RA) have distinct susceptibility to the different biologic DMARDs available on the market, probably because of the many facets of the disease. Monocytes are deeply involved in the pathogenesis of RA and we therefore evaluated and compared the transcriptomic profile of monocytes isolated from patients on treatment with methotrexate alone or in combination with tocilizumab, anti-TNFα or abatacept and from healthy donors. Whole-genome transcriptomics yielded a list of regulated genes by Rank Product statistics and DAVID was then used for functional annotation enrichment analysis. Last, data were validated by qRT-PCR. Abatacept, tocilizumab and anti-TNFa cohorts were separately compared with methotrexate, leading to the identification of 78, 6, and 436 differentially expressed genes, respectively. The upper-most ranked genes were related to inflammatory processes and immune responses. Such an approach draws the genomic profile of monocytes in treated RA patients and lays the basis for finding gene signature for tailored therapeutic choices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Talmon
- Department of Health Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Piemonte Orientale, Novara, Italy
| | - Marcella Percio
- Department of Health Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Piemonte Orientale, Novara, Italy
| | - Joyce Afrakoma Obeng
- Department of Health Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Piemonte Orientale, Novara, Italy
| | | | - Daniele Sola
- Struttura Complessa Allergologia ed Immunologia, CAAD Ipazia, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Maggiore della Carità, Novara, Italy
| | - Pier Paolo Sainaghi
- Struttura Complessa Allergologia ed Immunologia, CAAD Ipazia, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Maggiore della Carità, Novara, Italy
- Department of Translational Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Piemonte Orientale, Novara, Italy
| | - Emanuela Bellis
- Day Hospital Multidisciplinare—Struttura Complessa di Nefrologia e Dialisi, Ospedale di Borgomanero, Borgomanero, Italy
| | - Stefano Cusinato
- Day Hospital Multidisciplinare—Struttura Complessa di Nefrologia e Dialisi, Ospedale di Borgomanero, Borgomanero, Italy
| | - Aurora Ianniello
- Day Hospital Multidisciplinare—Struttura Complessa di Nefrologia e Dialisi, Ospedale di Borgomanero, Borgomanero, Italy
| | - Luigia G. Fresu
- Department of Health Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Piemonte Orientale, Novara, Italy
- * E-mail:
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Shaping of Monocyte-Derived Dendritic Cell Development and Function by Environmental Factors in Rheumatoid Arthritis. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms222413670. [PMID: 34948462 PMCID: PMC8708154 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222413670] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2021] [Revised: 12/16/2021] [Accepted: 12/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Dendritic cells (DC) are heterogeneous cell populations essential for both inducing immunity and maintaining immune tolerance. Chronic inflammatory contexts, such as found in rheumatoid arthritis (RA), severely affect the distribution and the function of DC, contributing to defective tolerance and fueling inflammation. In RA, the synovial fluid of patients is enriched by a subset of DC that derive from monocytes (Mo-DC), which promote deleterious Th17 responses. The characterization of environmental factors in the joint that impact on the development and the fate of human Mo-DC is therefore of great importance in RA. When monocytes leave the blood and infiltrate inflamed synovial tissues, the process of differentiation into Mo-DC can be influenced by interactions with soluble factors such as cytokines, local acidosis and dysregulated synoviocytes. Other molecular factors, such as the citrullination process, can also enhance osteoclast differentiation from Mo-DC, favoring bone damages in RA. Conversely, biotherapies used to control inflammation in RA, modulate also the process of monocyte differentiation into DC. The identification of the environmental mediators that control the differentiation of Mo-DC, as well as the underlying molecular signaling pathways, could constitute a major breakthrough for the development of new therapies in RA.
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5
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Abstract
Dendritic cells (DCs) are efficient antigen-presenting cells that serve as a link between the innate and adaptive immune systems. These cells are broadly involved in cellular and humoral immune responses by presenting antigens to initiate T cell reactions, cytokine and chemokine secretion, T cell differentiation and expansion, B cell activation and regulation, and the mediation of immune tolerance. The functions of DCs depend on their activation status, which is defined by the stages of maturation, phenotype differentiation, and migration ability, among other factors. IL-6 is a soluble mediator mainly produced by a variety of immune cells, including DCs, that exerts pleiotropic effects on immune and inflammatory responses through interaction with specific receptors expressed on the surface of target cells. Here, we review the role of IL-6, when generated in an inflammatory context or as derived from DCs, in modulating the biologic function and activation status of DCs and emphasize the importance of searching for novel strategies to target the IL-6/IL-6 signaling pathway as a means to diminish the inflammatory activity of DCs in immune response or to prime the immunogenic activity of DCs in immunosuppressive conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Dong Xu
- Shanghai Research Institute of Acupuncture and Meridian, Yueyang Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Mi Cheng
- Shanghai Research Institute of Acupuncture and Meridian, Yueyang Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Pan-Pan Shang
- Shanghai Research Institute of Acupuncture and Meridian, Yueyang Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yong-Qing Yang
- Shanghai Research Institute of Acupuncture and Meridian, Yueyang Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
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Tocilizumab Induces IL-10-Mediated Immune Tolerance in Invasive Candidiasis. J Fungi (Basel) 2021; 7:jof7080656. [PMID: 34436195 PMCID: PMC8398010 DOI: 10.3390/jof7080656] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2021] [Revised: 07/30/2021] [Accepted: 08/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The existence of a hyperinflammatory state has been observed in patients with invasive fungal infections (IFI). It is being postulated whether morbidity from IFI may, in part, be a consequence of an unnecessarily prolonged or exaggerated proinflammatory immune response including interleukin 6 (IL-6) post-infection, in a host with dysregulated or compromised immunity. This, in turn, induces collateral host injury at the tissue and organ level, leading to adverse outcomes. Tocilizumab has become widely used as an immunomodulator in the treatment of inflammatory conditions. Here, we evaluated the use of tocilizumab to curb post-infective inflammatory flare in the setting of an in-vivo mouse model for invasive candidiasis. Following Candida infection, the tocilizumab-treated mice showed improved short-term survival compared with the saline-treated control mice. There was a reduced inflammatory response mounted by the host, coupled with reduced IL-6 but increased IL-10 levels. TNF-α and IFN-γ responses were not affected. Tocilizumab facilitated immune tolerance by selectively inducing IL-10, producing CD8α+ conventional dendritic cells (DCs) and peripheral T-regulatory cells, over CD11b+ conventional DCs and plasmacytoid DCs. We demonstrate here the sequelae from immunomodulatory manipulation and the basis whereby the use of monoclonal antibodies may be further explored in IFI.
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7
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Abstract
Hemostatic derangement is a hallmark in severe COVID-19. Markedly elevation of D-dimer and fibrinogen degradation product levels were observed in patients with severe COVID-19 higher and 71.4% of nonsurvivors met the International Society of Thrombosis and Haemostasis criteria of disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC). Although the clinical and epidemiological features of COVID-19 have been well-described, the underlying mechanism influencing disease severity remains to be elucidated. Herein, the aim of this review article is to evaluate hemostasis in the pathogenesis of COVID-19 and its role in the management of this unprecedented pandemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ka U Lio
- Medical student, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Parth Rali
- Division of Thoracic Medicine and Surgery, Temple University Hospital, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
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8
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Borges RC, Hohmann MS, Borghi SM. Dendritic cells in COVID-19 immunopathogenesis: insights for a possible role in determining disease outcome. Int Rev Immunol 2020; 40:108-125. [PMID: 33191813 DOI: 10.1080/08830185.2020.1844195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
SARS-CoV-2 is the causative agent of the COVID-19 pandemic. This novel coronavirus emerged in China, quickly spreading to more than 200 countries worldwide. Although most patients are only mildly ill or even asymptomatic, some develop severe pneumonia and become critically ill. One of the biggest unanswered questions is why some develop severe disease, whilst others do not. Insight on the interaction between SARS-CoV-2 and the immune system and the contribution of dysfunctional immune responses to disease progression will be instrumental to the understanding of COVID-19 pathogenesis, risk factors for worst outcome, and rational design of effective therapies and vaccines. In this review we have gathered the knowledge available thus far on the epidemiology of SARS-COV-2 infection, focusing on the susceptibility of older individuals, SARS-CoV-2-host cell interaction during infection and the immune response directed at SARS-CoV-2. Dendritic cells act as crucial messengers linking innate and adaptative immunity against viral infections. Thus, this review also brings a focused discussion on the role of dendritic cells and their immune functions during SARS-CoV-2 infection and how immune evasion strategies of SARS-CoV-2 and advancing age mediate dendritic cell dysfunctions that contribute to COVID-19 pathogenesis and increased susceptibility to worst outcomes. This review brings to light the hypothesis that concomitant occurrence of dendritic cell dysfunction/cytopathic effects induced by SARS-CoV-2 and/or aging may influence disease outcome in the elderly. Lastly, a detailed discussion on the effects and mechanisms of action of drugs currently being tested for COVID-19 on the function of dendritic cells is also provided.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rodrigo Cerqueira Borges
- Avenida Professor Lineu Prestes, University Hospital, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Miriam Sayuri Hohmann
- Departament of Pathology, Biological Sciences Center, Londrina State University, Londrina, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Sergio Marques Borghi
- Departament of Pathology, Biological Sciences Center, Londrina State University, Londrina, Paraná, Brazil.,Center for Research in Health Sciences, University of Northern Paraná - Unopar, Londrina, Paraná, Brazil
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9
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Birzer A, Krawczyk A, Draßner C, Kuhnt C, Mühl-Zürbes P, Heilingloh CS, Steinkasserer A, Popella L. HSV-1 Modulates IL-6 Receptor Expression on Human Dendritic Cells. Front Immunol 2020; 11:1970. [PMID: 32983130 PMCID: PMC7479228 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.01970] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2020] [Accepted: 07/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Dendritic cells (DCs) are the guardians of the immune system since they are located in the majority of peripheral tissues. In addition, they are crucial for the induction of an effective immune response based on their unique capacity to stimulate naive T cells. During co-evolution, the human pathogen herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) has evolved several immune evasion mechanisms in order to subvert the host's immune system especially by targeting DC biology and function. Here we demonstrate that HSV-1 infection influences the IL-6 receptor (IL6R) expression both on protein and mRNA levels in/on human monocyte-derived mature DCs (mDCs). Surprisingly, reduced IL6R expression levels were also observed on uninfected bystander mDCs. Mechanistically, we clearly show that HSV-1-derived non-infectious light (L-) particles are sufficient to trigger IL6R regulation on uninfected bystander mDCs. These L-particles lack the viral DNA-loaded capsid and are predominantly produced during infection of mDCs. Our results show that the deletion of the HSV-1 tegument protein vhs partially rescued the reduced IL6R surface expression levels on/in bystander mDCs. Using a neutralizing antibody, which perturbs the transfer of L-particles to bystander mDCs, was sufficient to rescue the modulation of IL6R surface expression on uninfected bystander mDCs. This study provides evidence that L-particles transfer specific viral proteins to uninfected bystander mDCs, thereby negatively interfering with their IL6R expression levels, however, to a lesser extend compared to H-particles. Due to their immune-modulatory capacity, L-particles represent an elaborated approach of HSV-1-mediated immune evasion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra Birzer
- Department of Immune Modulation, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Adalbert Krawczyk
- Institute for Virology, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
- Department of Infectious Diseases, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Christina Draßner
- Department of Immune Modulation, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Christine Kuhnt
- Department of Immune Modulation, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Petra Mühl-Zürbes
- Department of Immune Modulation, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Christiane Silke Heilingloh
- Department of Immune Modulation, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
- Department of Infectious Diseases, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | | | - Linda Popella
- Department of Immune Modulation, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
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Interleukin-6 in Rheumatoid Arthritis. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21155238. [PMID: 32718086 PMCID: PMC7432115 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21155238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2020] [Revised: 07/18/2020] [Accepted: 07/20/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The role of interleukin (IL)-6 in health and disease has been under a lot of scrutiny in recent years, particularly during the recent COVID-19 pandemic. The inflammatory pathways in which IL-6 is involved are also partly responsible of the development and progression of rheumatoid arthritis (RA), opening interesting perspectives in terms of therapy. Anti-IL-6 drugs are being used with variable degrees of success in other diseases and are being tested in RA. Results have been encouraging, particularly when anti-IL-6 has been used with other drugs, such as metothrexate (MTX). In this review we discuss the main immunologic aspects that make anti-IL-6 a good candidate in RA, but despite the main therapeutic options available to target IL-6, no gold standard treatment has been established so far.
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11
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Verboogen DRJ, Revelo NH, ter Beest M, van den Bogaart G. Interleukin-6 secretion is limited by self-signaling in endosomes. J Mol Cell Biol 2019; 11:144-157. [PMID: 30016456 PMCID: PMC6392102 DOI: 10.1093/jmcb/mjy038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2017] [Revised: 05/04/2018] [Accepted: 07/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Cells producing cytokines often express the receptor for the same cytokine, which makes them prone to autocrine signaling. How cytokine release and signaling are regulated in the same cell is not understood. In this study, we demonstrate that signaling by exogenous and self-synthesized inflammatory cytokine interleukin-6 (IL-6) within endosomal compartments acts as a cellular brake that limits the synthesis of IL-6. Our data show that IL-6 is internalized by dendritic cells and signals from endosomal compartments containing the IL-6 receptor. Newly synthesized IL-6 also traffics via these endosomal compartments and signals in transit to the plasma membrane. This allows activation of STAT3 which in turn limits toll-like receptor 4 stimulant lipopolysaccharide (LPS) triggered transcription of IL-6. Long-term exposure to LPS removes this brake via inhibition of STAT3 by increased expression of suppressor of cytokine signaling 3 and results in fully fledged IL-6 production. This transient regulation could prevent excessive IL-6 production during early infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniëlle R J Verboogen
- Department of Tumor Immunology, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Natalia H Revelo
- Department of Tumor Immunology, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Martin ter Beest
- Department of Tumor Immunology, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Geert van den Bogaart
- Department of Tumor Immunology, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
- Department of Molecular Immunology, Groningen Biomolecular Sciences and Biotechnology Institute, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 7, Groningen, The Netherlands
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