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Cai W, Lian L, Li A, Zhang Q, Li M, Zhang J, Xie Y. Cardiac resident macrophages: The core of cardiac immune homeostasis. Cell Signal 2024; 119:111169. [PMID: 38599440 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2024.111169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2024] [Revised: 03/24/2024] [Accepted: 04/07/2024] [Indexed: 04/12/2024]
Abstract
Cardiac resident macrophages (CRMs) are essential in maintaining the balance of the immune homeostasis in the heart. One of the main factors in the progression of cardiovascular diseases, such as myocarditis, myocardial infarction(MI), and heart failure(HF), is the imbalance in the regulatory mechanisms of CRMs. Recent studies have reported novel heterogeneity and spatiotemporal complexity of CRMs, and their role in maintaining cardiac immune homeostasis and treating cardiovascular diseases. In this review, we focus on the functions of CRMs, including immune surveillance, immune phagocytosis, and immune metabolism, and explore the impact of CRM's homeostasis imbalance on cardiac injury and cardiac repair. We also discuss the therapeutic approaches linked to CRMs. The immunomodulatory strategies targeting CRMs may be a therapeutic approach for the treatment of cardiovascular disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenhui Cai
- First Teaching Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 300183, China; National Clinical Research Center for Chinese Medicine Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Tianjin 300193, China; Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 300193, China
| | - Lu Lian
- First Teaching Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 300183, China; National Clinical Research Center for Chinese Medicine Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Tianjin 300193, China; Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 300193, China
| | - Aolin Li
- First Teaching Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 300183, China; National Clinical Research Center for Chinese Medicine Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Tianjin 300193, China; Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 300193, China
| | - Qianqian Zhang
- Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 300193, China
| | - Mengmeng Li
- Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 300193, China
| | - Junping Zhang
- First Teaching Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 300183, China.
| | - YingYu Xie
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 300193, China.
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2
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Khan SU, Huang Y, Ali H, Ali I, Ahmad S, Khan SU, Hussain T, Ullah M, Lu K. Single-cell RNA Sequencing (scRNA-seq): Advances and Challenges for Cardiovascular Diseases (CVDs). Curr Probl Cardiol 2024; 49:102202. [PMID: 37967800 DOI: 10.1016/j.cpcardiol.2023.102202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2023] [Accepted: 11/11/2023] [Indexed: 11/17/2023]
Abstract
Implementing Single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) has significantly enhanced our comprehension of cardiovascular diseases (CVDs), providing new opportunities to strengthen the prevention of CVDs progression. Cardiovascular diseases continue to be the primary cause of death worldwide. Improving treatment strategies and patient risk assessment requires a deeper understanding of the fundamental mechanisms underlying these disorders. The advanced and widespread use of Single-cell RNA sequencing enables a comprehensive investigation of the complex cellular makeup of the heart, surpassing essential descriptive aspects. This enhances our understanding of disease causes and directs functional research. The significant advancement in understanding cellular phenotypes has enhanced the study of fundamental cardiovascular science. scRNA-seq enables the identification of discrete cellular subgroups, unveiling previously unknown cell types in the heart and vascular systems that may have relevance to different disease pathologies. Moreover, scRNA-seq has revealed significant heterogeneity in phenotypes among distinct cell subtypes. Finally, we will examine current and upcoming scRNA-seq studies about various aspects of the cardiovascular system, assessing their potential impact on our understanding of the cardiovascular system and offering insight into how these technologies may revolutionise the diagnosis and treatment of cardiac conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shahid Ullah Khan
- Integrative Science Center of Germplasm Creation in Western China (CHONGQING) Science City and Southwest University, College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China; Engineering Research Center of South Upland Agriculture, Ministry of Education, Chongqing, 400715, China; Women Medical and Dental College, Khyber Medical University, Peshawar, KPK, 22020, Pakistan
| | - Yuqing Huang
- Metabolic Vascular Disease Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Luzhou, China; Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Hamid Ali
- Department of Biosciences, COMSATS University Islamabad, Park Road Tarlai Kalan, Islamabad-44000
| | - Ijaz Ali
- Centre for Applied Mathematics and Bioinformatics, Gulf University for Science and Technology, Hawally 32093, Kuwait
| | - Saleem Ahmad
- Cardiovascular Center of Excellence, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans 70112 LA, USA
| | - Safir Ullah Khan
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, School of Life Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230027, People's Republic of China
| | - Talib Hussain
- Women Dental College Abbottabad, KPK, 22020, Pakistan
| | - Muneeb Ullah
- Department of Pharmacy, Kohat University of Science and Technology, Kohat, KPK, Pakistan
| | - Kun Lu
- Integrative Science Center of Germplasm Creation in Western China (CHONGQING) Science City and Southwest University, College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China; Engineering Research Center of South Upland Agriculture, Ministry of Education, Chongqing, 400715, China.
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3
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Chen C, Wang J, Liu C, Hu J. Cardiac resident macrophages: key regulatory mediators in the aftermath of myocardial infarction. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1207100. [PMID: 37457720 PMCID: PMC10348646 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1207100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2023] [Accepted: 06/13/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Acute myocardial infarction (MI) is a prevalent and highly fatal global disease. Despite significant reduction in mortality rates with standard treatment regimens, the risk of heart failure (HF) remains high, necessitating innovative approaches to protect cardiac function and prevent HF progression. Cardiac resident macrophages (cMacs) have emerged as key regulators of the pathophysiology following MI. cMacs are a heterogeneous population composed of subsets with different lineage origins and gene expression profiles. Several critical aspects of post-MI pathophysiology have been shown to be regulated by cMacs, including recruitment of peripheral immune cells, clearance and replacement of damaged myocardial cells. Furthermore, cMacs play a crucial role in regulating cardiac fibrosis, risk of arrhythmia, energy metabolism, as well as vascular and lymphatic remodeling. Given the multifaceted roles of cMacs in post-MI pathophysiology, targeting cMacs represents a promising therapeutic strategy. Finally, we discuss novel treatment strategies, including using nanocarriers to deliver drugs to cMacs or using cell therapies to introduce exogenous protective cMacs into the heart.
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4
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Li J, Chen Q, Zhang R, Liu Z, Cheng Y. The phagocytic role of macrophage following myocardial infarction. Heart Fail Rev 2023:10.1007/s10741-023-10314-5. [PMID: 37160618 DOI: 10.1007/s10741-023-10314-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/12/2023] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Myocardial infarction (MI) is one of the cardiovascular diseases with high morbidity and mortality. MI causes large amounts of apoptotic and necrotic cells that need to be efficiently and instantly engulfed by macrophage to avoid second necrosis. Phagocytic macrophages can dampen or resolve inflammation to protect infarcted heart. Phagocytosis of macrophages is modulated by various factors including proteins, receptors, lncRNA and cytokines. A better understanding of mechanisms in phagocytosis will be beneficial to regulate macrophage phagocytosis capability towards a desired direction in cardioprotection after MI. In this review, we describe the phagocytosis effect of macrophages and summarize the latest reported signals regulating phagocytosis after MI, which will provide a new thinking about phagocytosis-dependent cardiac protection after MI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiahua Li
- Joint Laboratory for Translational Cancer Research of Chinese Medicine of the Ministry of Education of the People's Republic of China, Guangdong Key Laboratory for Translational Cancer Research of Chinese Medicine, International Institute for Translational Chinese Medicine, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510006, China
- Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macau Joint Lab On Chinese Medicine and Immune Disease Research, Guangzhou Univ Chinese Med, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510006, China
| | - Qi Chen
- Joint Laboratory for Translational Cancer Research of Chinese Medicine of the Ministry of Education of the People's Republic of China, Guangdong Key Laboratory for Translational Cancer Research of Chinese Medicine, International Institute for Translational Chinese Medicine, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510006, China
| | - Rong Zhang
- Joint Laboratory for Translational Cancer Research of Chinese Medicine of the Ministry of Education of the People's Republic of China, Guangdong Key Laboratory for Translational Cancer Research of Chinese Medicine, International Institute for Translational Chinese Medicine, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510006, China
- Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macau Joint Lab On Chinese Medicine and Immune Disease Research, Guangzhou Univ Chinese Med, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510006, China
| | - Zhongqiu Liu
- Joint Laboratory for Translational Cancer Research of Chinese Medicine of the Ministry of Education of the People's Republic of China, Guangdong Key Laboratory for Translational Cancer Research of Chinese Medicine, International Institute for Translational Chinese Medicine, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510006, China.
- Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macau Joint Lab On Chinese Medicine and Immune Disease Research, Guangzhou Univ Chinese Med, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510006, China.
| | - Yuanyuan Cheng
- Joint Laboratory for Translational Cancer Research of Chinese Medicine of the Ministry of Education of the People's Republic of China, Guangdong Key Laboratory for Translational Cancer Research of Chinese Medicine, International Institute for Translational Chinese Medicine, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510006, China.
- Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macau Joint Lab On Chinese Medicine and Immune Disease Research, Guangzhou Univ Chinese Med, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510006, China.
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Chalise U, Becirovic‐Agic M, Lindsey ML. The cardiac wound healing response to myocardial infarction. WIREs Mech Dis 2023; 15:e1584. [PMID: 36634913 PMCID: PMC10077990 DOI: 10.1002/wsbm.1584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2021] [Revised: 03/31/2022] [Accepted: 05/18/2022] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Myocardial infarction (MI) is defined as evidence of myocardial necrosis consistent with prolonged ischemia. In response to MI, the myocardium undergoes a series of wound healing events that initiate inflammation and shift to anti-inflammation before transitioning to tissue repair that culminates in scar formation to replace the region of the necrotic myocardium. The overall response to MI is determined by two major steps, the first of which is the secretion of proteases by infiltrating leukocytes to breakdown extracellular matrix (ECM) components, a necessary step to remove necrotic cardiomyocytes. The second step is the generation of new ECM that comprises the scar; and this step is governed by the cardiac fibroblasts as the major source of new ECM synthesis. The leukocyte component resides in the middle of the two-step process, contributing to both sides as the leukocytes transition from pro-inflammatory to anti-inflammatory and reparative cell phenotypes. The balance between the two steps determines the final quantity and quality of scar formed, which in turn contributes to chronic outcomes following MI, including the progression to heart failure. This review will summarize our current knowledge regarding the cardiac wound healing response to MI, primarily focused on experimental models of MI in mice. This article is categorized under: Cardiovascular Diseases > Molecular and Cellular Physiology Immune System Diseases > Molecular and Cellular Physiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Upendra Chalise
- Department of Cellular and Integrative Physiology, Center for Heart and Vascular ResearchUniversity of Nebraska Medical CenterOmahaNebraskaUSA
- Research ServiceNebraska‐Western Iowa Health Care SystemOmahaNebraskaUSA
| | - Mediha Becirovic‐Agic
- Department of Cellular and Integrative Physiology, Center for Heart and Vascular ResearchUniversity of Nebraska Medical CenterOmahaNebraskaUSA
- Research ServiceNebraska‐Western Iowa Health Care SystemOmahaNebraskaUSA
| | - Merry L. Lindsey
- Department of Cellular and Integrative Physiology, Center for Heart and Vascular ResearchUniversity of Nebraska Medical CenterOmahaNebraskaUSA
- Research ServiceNebraska‐Western Iowa Health Care SystemOmahaNebraskaUSA
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Ke Y, Jian-yuan H, Ping Z, Yue W, Na X, Jian Y, Kai-xuan L, Yi-fan S, Han-bin L, Rong L. The progressive application of single-cell RNA sequencing technology in cardiovascular diseases. Biomed Pharmacother 2022; 154:113604. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2022.113604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2022] [Revised: 08/20/2022] [Accepted: 08/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/02/2022] Open
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7
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Resident cardiac macrophages: Heterogeneity and function in health and disease. Immunity 2022; 55:1549-1563. [PMID: 36103852 DOI: 10.1016/j.immuni.2022.08.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2022] [Revised: 08/09/2022] [Accepted: 08/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Understanding tissue macrophage biology has become challenging in recent years due the ever-increasing complexity in macrophage-subset identification and functional characterization. This is particularly important within the myocardium, as we have come to understand that macrophages play multifaceted roles in cardiac health and disease, and heart disease remains the leading cause of death worldwide. Here, we review recent progress in the field, focusing on resident cardiac macrophage heterogeneity, origins, and functions at steady state and after injury. We stratify resident cardiac macrophage functions by the ability of macrophages to either directly influence cardiac physiology or indirectly influence cardiac physiology through orchestrating multi-cellular communication with cardiomyocytes and stromal and immune populations.
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Michel JB, Lagrange J, Regnault V, Lacolley P. Conductance Artery Wall Layers and Their Respective Roles in the Clearance Functions. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2022; 42:e253-e272. [PMID: 35924557 DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.122.317759] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Evolutionary organization of the arterial wall into layers occurred concomitantly with the emergence of a highly muscularized, pressurized arterial system that facilitates outward hydraulic conductance and mass transport of soluble substances across the arterial wall. Although colliding circulating cells disperse potential energy within the arterial wall, the different layers counteract this effect: (1) the endothelium ensures a partial barrier function; (2) the media comprises smooth muscle cells capable of endocytosis/phagocytosis; (3) the outer adventitia and perivascular adipocytic tissue are the final receptacles of convected substances. While the endothelium forms a physical and a biochemical barrier, the medial layer is avascular, relying on the specific permeability properties of the endothelium for metabolic support. Different components of the media interact with convected molecules: medial smooth muscle cells take up numerous molecules via scavenger receptors and are capable of phagocytosis of macro/micro particles. The outer layers-the highly microvascularized innervated adventitia and perivascular adipose tissue-are also involved in the clearance functions of the media: the adventitia is the seat of immune response development, inward angiogenesis, macromolecular lymphatic drainage, and neuronal stimulation. Consequently, the clearance functions of the arterial wall are physiologically essential, but also may favor the development of arterial wall pathologies. This review describes how the walls of large conductance arteries have acquired physiological clearance functions, how this is determined by the attributes of the endothelial barrier, governed by endocytic and phagocytic capacities of smooth muscle cells, impacting adventitial functions, and the role of these clearance functions in arterial wall diseases.
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MicroRNA-181c-5p modulates phagocytosis efficiency in bone marrow-derived macrophages. Inflamm Res 2022; 71:321-330. [PMID: 35020000 PMCID: PMC8919373 DOI: 10.1007/s00011-022-01539-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2021] [Revised: 12/09/2021] [Accepted: 01/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE AND DESIGN Phagocytosis and clearance of apoptotic cells are essential for inflammation resolution, efficient wound healing, and tissue homeostasis. MicroRNAs are critical modulators of macrophage polarization and function. The current study aimed to investigate the role of miR-181c-5p in macrophage phagocytosis. MATERIALS AND METHODS miR-181c-5p was identified as a potential candidate in microRNA screening of RAW264.7 macrophages fed with apoptotic cells. To investigate the role of miR-181c-5p in phagocytosis, the expression of miR-181c-5p was assessed in phagocyting bone marrow-derived macrophages. Phagocytosis efficiency was measured by fluorescence microscopy. Gain- and loss-of-function studies were performed using miR-181c-5p-specific mimic and inhibitor. The expression of the phagocytosis-associated genes and proteins of interest was evaluated by RT2 profiler PCR array and western blotting, respectively. RESULTS miR-181c-5p expression was significantly upregulated in the phagocyting macrophages. Furthermore, mimic-induced overexpression of miR-181c-5p resulted in the increased phagocytic ability of macrophages. Moreover, overexpression of miR-181c-5p resulted in upregulation of WAVE-2 in phagocyting macrophages, suggesting that miR-181c-5p may regulate cytoskeletal arrangement during macrophage phagocytosis. CONCLUSION Altogether, our data provide a novel function of miR-181c-5p in macrophage biology and suggest that targeting macrophage miR-181c-5p in injured tissues might improve clearance of dead cells and lead to efficient inflammation resolution.
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Kuzheleva EA, Fedyunina VA, Garganeeva AA. [Patterns of immunological reactions in the pathogenesis of chronic heart failure: review]. KARDIOLOGIIA 2021; 61:94-104. [PMID: 35057726 DOI: 10.18087/cardio.2021.12.n1598] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2021] [Accepted: 07/01/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The immune system is essential for maintaining the homeostasis. At present, there is convincing evidence for participation of the immune system in the pathogenesis of cardiovascular pathology, including the final step of cardiovascular continuum, heart failure. Objective difficulties in understanding subtle processes of loss of the normal cardiac structure and function are based on the diversity of pathogenetic factors of development and progression of chronic heart failure (CHF) and the involvement of most organs and body systems. Russian and international scientists actively study issues of immune homeostasis, including the efficacy of current immune therapy. At the same time, available reports are largely uncompiled and reflect isolated parts of the immunopathogenesis of cardiovascular diseases. This review focuses on comprehensive elucidation of major patterns of immune processes in the CHF pathogenesis to form an integral view of the problem under study.
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Affiliation(s)
- E A Kuzheleva
- Cardiology Research Institute, Tomsk National Research Medical Center, Russian Academy of Sciences, Tomsk, Russia
| | - V A Fedyunina
- Cardiology Research Institute, Tomsk National Research Medical Center, Russian Academy of Sciences, Tomsk, Russia
| | - A A Garganeeva
- Cardiology Research Institute, Tomsk National Research Medical Center, Russian Academy of Sciences, Tomsk, Russia
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11
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Klaourakis K, Vieira JM, Riley PR. The evolving cardiac lymphatic vasculature in development, repair and regeneration. Nat Rev Cardiol 2021; 18:368-379. [PMID: 33462421 PMCID: PMC7812989 DOI: 10.1038/s41569-020-00489-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/23/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
The lymphatic vasculature has an essential role in maintaining normal fluid balance in tissues and modulating the inflammatory response to injury or pathogens. Disruption of normal development or function of lymphatic vessels can have severe consequences. In the heart, reduced lymphatic function can lead to myocardial oedema and persistent inflammation. Macrophages, which are phagocytic cells of the innate immune system, contribute to cardiac development and to fibrotic repair and regeneration of cardiac tissue after myocardial infarction. In this Review, we discuss the cardiac lymphatic vasculature with a focus on developments over the past 5 years arising from the study of mammalian and zebrafish model organisms. In addition, we examine the interplay between the cardiac lymphatics and macrophages during fibrotic repair and regeneration after myocardial infarction. Finally, we discuss the therapeutic potential of targeting the cardiac lymphatic network to regulate immune cell content and alleviate inflammation in patients with ischaemic heart disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Konstantinos Klaourakis
- Burdon Sanderson Cardiac Science Centre, Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- British Heart Foundation-Oxbridge Centre of Regenerative Medicine, CRM, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Joaquim M Vieira
- Burdon Sanderson Cardiac Science Centre, Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.
- British Heart Foundation-Oxbridge Centre of Regenerative Medicine, CRM, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.
| | - Paul R Riley
- Burdon Sanderson Cardiac Science Centre, Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.
- British Heart Foundation-Oxbridge Centre of Regenerative Medicine, CRM, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.
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12
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Kologrivova I, Shtatolkina M, Suslova T, Ryabov V. Cells of the Immune System in Cardiac Remodeling: Main Players in Resolution of Inflammation and Repair After Myocardial Infarction. Front Immunol 2021; 12:664457. [PMID: 33868315 PMCID: PMC8050340 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.664457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 117] [Impact Index Per Article: 39.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2021] [Accepted: 03/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The burden of heart failure (HF), developing after myocardial infarction MI, still represents a major issue in clinical practice. Failure of appropriate resolution of inflammation during post-myocardial injury is associated with unsuccessful left ventricular remodeling and underlies HF pathogenesis. Cells of the immune system have been shown to mediate both protective and damaging effects in heart remodeling. This ambiguity of the role of the immune system and inconsistent results of the recent clinical trials question the benefits of anti-inflammatory therapies during acute MI. The present review will summarize knowledge of the roles that different cells of the immune system play in the process of post-infarct cardiac healing. Data on the phenotype, active molecules and functions of the immune cells, based on the results of both experimental and clinical studies, will be provided. For some cellular subsets, such as macrophages, neutrophils, dendritic cells and lymphocytes, an anti-inflammatory activity has been attributed to the specific subpopulations. Activity of other cells, such as eosinophils, mast cells, natural killer (NK) cells and NKT cells has been shown to be highly dependent of the signals created by micro-environment. Also, new approaches for classification of cellular phenotypes based on the single-cell RNA sequencing allow better understanding of the phenotype of the cells involved in resolution of inflammation. Possible perspectives of immune-mediated therapy for AMI patients are discussed in the conclusion. We also outline unresolved questions that need to be solved in order to implement the current knowledge on the role of the immune cells in post-MI tissue repair into practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irina Kologrivova
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Diagnostics, Cardiology Research Institute, Tomsk National Research Medical Centre, Russian Academy of Sciences, Tomsk, Russia
| | - Marina Shtatolkina
- Department of Emergency Cardiology, Cardiology Research Institute, Tomsk National Research Medical Centre, Russian Academy of Sciences, Tomsk, Russia
| | - Tatiana Suslova
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Diagnostics, Cardiology Research Institute, Tomsk National Research Medical Centre, Russian Academy of Sciences, Tomsk, Russia
| | - Vyacheslav Ryabov
- Department of Emergency Cardiology, Cardiology Research Institute, Tomsk National Research Medical Centre, Russian Academy of Sciences, Tomsk, Russia.,Division of Cardiology, Department of Professional Development and Retraining, Siberian State Medical University, Tomsk, Russia
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13
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Yoshimura C, Nagasaka A, Kurose H, Nakaya M. Efferocytosis during myocardial infarction. J Biochem 2021; 168:1-6. [PMID: 32302392 DOI: 10.1093/jb/mvaa051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2020] [Accepted: 04/07/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Myocardial infarction is one of the major causes of death worldwide. Many heart cells die during myocardial infarction through various processes such as necrosis, apoptosis, necroptosis, autophagy-related cell death, pyroptosis and ferroptosis. These dead cells in infarcted hearts expose the so-called 'eat-me' signals, such as phosphatidylserine, on their surfaces, enhancing their removal by professional and non-professional phagocytes. Clearance of dead cells by phagocytes in the diseased hearts plays a crucial role in the pathology of myocardial infarction by inhibiting the inflammatory responses caused by the leakage of contents from dead cells. This review focuses on the rapidly growing understanding of the molecular mechanisms of dead cell phagocytosis, termed efferocytosis, during myocardial infarction, which contributes to the pathophysiology of myocardial infarction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chikashi Yoshimura
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan
| | - Akiomi Nagasaka
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan
| | - Hitoshi Kurose
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan
| | - Michio Nakaya
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan.,AMED-PRIME, Japan Agency for Medical Research and Development, Tokyo 100-0004, Japan
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14
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Yang D, Liu HQ, Liu FY, Tang N, Guo Z, Ma SQ, An P, Wang MY, Wu HM, Yang Z, Fan D, Tang QZ. Critical roles of macrophages in pressure overload-induced cardiac remodeling. J Mol Med (Berl) 2020; 99:33-46. [PMID: 33130927 DOI: 10.1007/s00109-020-02002-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2020] [Revised: 10/07/2020] [Accepted: 10/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Macrophages are integral components of the mammalian heart that show extensive expansion in response to various internal or external stimuli. After the onset of sustained pressure overload (PO), the accumulation of cardiac macrophages through local macrophage proliferation and monocyte migration has profound effects on the transition to cardiac hypertrophy and remodeling. In this review, we describe the heterogeneity and diversity of cardiac macrophages and summarize the current understanding of the important roles of macrophages in PO-induced cardiac remodeling. In addition, the possible mechanisms involved in macrophage modulation are also described. Finally, considering the significant effects of cardiac macrophages, we highlight their emerging role as therapeutic targets for alleviating pathological cardiac remodeling after PO.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan Yang
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430060, People's Republic of China
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, Wuhan University, Jiefang Road 238, Wuhan, 430060, People's Republic of China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Metabolic and Chronic Diseases, Wuhan, 430060, People's Republic of China
| | - Han-Qing Liu
- Department of Thyroid and Breast, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430060, People's Republic of China
| | - Fang-Yuan Liu
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430060, People's Republic of China
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, Wuhan University, Jiefang Road 238, Wuhan, 430060, People's Republic of China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Metabolic and Chronic Diseases, Wuhan, 430060, People's Republic of China
| | - Nan Tang
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430060, People's Republic of China
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, Wuhan University, Jiefang Road 238, Wuhan, 430060, People's Republic of China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Metabolic and Chronic Diseases, Wuhan, 430060, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhen Guo
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430060, People's Republic of China
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, Wuhan University, Jiefang Road 238, Wuhan, 430060, People's Republic of China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Metabolic and Chronic Diseases, Wuhan, 430060, People's Republic of China
| | - Shu-Qing Ma
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430060, People's Republic of China
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, Wuhan University, Jiefang Road 238, Wuhan, 430060, People's Republic of China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Metabolic and Chronic Diseases, Wuhan, 430060, People's Republic of China
| | - Peng An
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430060, People's Republic of China
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, Wuhan University, Jiefang Road 238, Wuhan, 430060, People's Republic of China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Metabolic and Chronic Diseases, Wuhan, 430060, People's Republic of China
| | - Ming-Yu Wang
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430060, People's Republic of China
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, Wuhan University, Jiefang Road 238, Wuhan, 430060, People's Republic of China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Metabolic and Chronic Diseases, Wuhan, 430060, People's Republic of China
| | - Hai-Ming Wu
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430060, People's Republic of China
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, Wuhan University, Jiefang Road 238, Wuhan, 430060, People's Republic of China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Metabolic and Chronic Diseases, Wuhan, 430060, People's Republic of China
| | - Zheng Yang
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430060, People's Republic of China
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, Wuhan University, Jiefang Road 238, Wuhan, 430060, People's Republic of China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Metabolic and Chronic Diseases, Wuhan, 430060, People's Republic of China
| | - Di Fan
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430060, People's Republic of China.
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, Wuhan University, Jiefang Road 238, Wuhan, 430060, People's Republic of China.
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Metabolic and Chronic Diseases, Wuhan, 430060, People's Republic of China.
| | - Qi-Zhu Tang
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430060, People's Republic of China.
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, Wuhan University, Jiefang Road 238, Wuhan, 430060, People's Republic of China.
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Metabolic and Chronic Diseases, Wuhan, 430060, People's Republic of China.
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15
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Bouchery T, Harris N. Neutrophil-macrophage cooperation and its impact on tissue repair. Immunol Cell Biol 2020; 97:289-298. [PMID: 30710448 DOI: 10.1111/imcb.12241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2018] [Revised: 01/30/2019] [Accepted: 01/31/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Immune cells are rapidly recruited to a site of injury or infection. Although the importance of phagocytic immune cells in clearing bacteria has long been appreciated, the advent of technologies allowing more in-depth analysis of cellular function, such as intravital microscopy and the use of genetically modified animal models, has allowed much deeper insight into the complex roles of these cells play during tissue repair. Many immune cells contribute to the repair process; however, this review will concentrate on the involvement of the phagocytes, namely macrophages and neutrophils, with a particular focus on our more recent understanding of how interactions between these two cell types impact on the final outcome of tissue repair.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tiffany Bouchery
- Department of Immunology and Pathology, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Nicola Harris
- Department of Immunology and Pathology, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
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16
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Zhang W, Zhao J, Wang R, Jiang M, Ye Q, Smith AD, Chen J, Shi Y. Macrophages reprogram after ischemic stroke and promote efferocytosis and inflammation resolution in the mouse brain. CNS Neurosci Ther 2019; 25:1329-1342. [PMID: 31697040 PMCID: PMC6887920 DOI: 10.1111/cns.13256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2019] [Revised: 10/20/2019] [Accepted: 10/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
AIMS Blood-borne monocytes/macrophages infiltrate the brain in massive numbers after ischemic stroke, but their impact on poststroke brain injury and recovery remains elusive. This study examined the transcriptomic changes in monocytes/macrophages after ischemic stroke and the functional implications of these changes, particularly with regards to the contribution of these cells to the phagocytic clearance of dead/dying cells (efferocytosis) in the poststroke brain. METHODS We performed whole-genome RNA sequencing on the monocyte/macrophage population sorted from mouse brain and peripheral blood 5 days after permanent focal cerebral ischemia. In addition, the spatial and temporal profiles of macrophage efferocytosis were examined in vivo by immunohistochemistry 3-7 days after brain ischemia. RESULTS Robust transcriptomic changes occurred in monocytes/macrophages upon infiltrating the poststroke brain. Functional enrichment analysis revealed a transcriptome of brain macrophages that strongly favored efferocytic activity. A large number of efferocytosis-related genes were upregulated in brain macrophages, the products of which are essential components involved in various steps of efferocytosis, such as chemotaxis, recognition of dead cells, engulfment, and processing of phagosomes. The efferocytic activity of brain macrophages were verified by immunohistochemistry, wherein Iba1-labeled microglia/macrophages effectively cleared apoptotic neurons in the infarct during the subacute stage after brain ischemia. We also identified PPARγ and STAT6 as potential upstream regulators that shaped this proefferocytic and inflammation-resolving transcriptome of macrophages in the poststroke brain. CONCLUSION Macrophages play a crucial role in the phagocytic clearance of dead neurons after ischemic stroke and promote the resolution of inflammation in the brain. Molecular therapies that enhance macrophage efferocytic capability may be promising treatments for ischemic stroke by facilitating inflammation resolution, brain repair, and recovery of neurological functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenting Zhang
- Department of Neurology, Pittsburgh Institute of Brain Disorders & Recovery, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Jingyan Zhao
- Department of Neurology, Pittsburgh Institute of Brain Disorders & Recovery, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Rongrong Wang
- Department of Neurology, Pittsburgh Institute of Brain Disorders & Recovery, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Ming Jiang
- Department of Neurology, Pittsburgh Institute of Brain Disorders & Recovery, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Qing Ye
- Department of Neurology, Pittsburgh Institute of Brain Disorders & Recovery, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.,Geriatric Research, Education and Clinical Center, Veterans Affairs Pittsburgh Health Care System, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Amanda D Smith
- Department of Neurology, Pittsburgh Institute of Brain Disorders & Recovery, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.,Geriatric Research, Education and Clinical Center, Veterans Affairs Pittsburgh Health Care System, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Jun Chen
- Department of Neurology, Pittsburgh Institute of Brain Disorders & Recovery, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.,Geriatric Research, Education and Clinical Center, Veterans Affairs Pittsburgh Health Care System, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Yejie Shi
- Department of Neurology, Pittsburgh Institute of Brain Disorders & Recovery, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.,Geriatric Research, Education and Clinical Center, Veterans Affairs Pittsburgh Health Care System, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
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17
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Seeberg JC, Loibl M, Moser F, Schwegler M, Büttner-Herold M, Daniel C, Engel FB, Hartmann A, Schlötzer-Schrehardt U, Goppelt-Struebe M, Schellerer V, Naschberger E, Ganzleben I, Heinzerling L, Fietkau R, Distel LV. Non-professional phagocytosis: a general feature of normal tissue cells. Sci Rep 2019; 9:11875. [PMID: 31417141 PMCID: PMC6695441 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-48370-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2018] [Accepted: 08/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Non-professional phagocytosis by cancer cells has been described for decades. Recently, non-professional phagocytosis by normal tissue cells has been reported, which prompted us to take a closer look at this phenomenon. Non-professional phagocytosis was studied by staining cultured cells with live-cell staining dyes or by staining paraffin-embedded tissues by immunohistochemistry. Here, we report that each of 21 normal tissue cell lines from seven different organs was capable of phagocytosis, including ex vivo cell cultures examined before the 3rd passage as well as the primary and virus-transformed cell lines. We extended our analysis to an in vivo setting, and we found the occurrence of non-professional phagocytosis in healthy skin biopsies immediately after resection. Using dystrophin immunohistochemistry for membrane staining, human post-infarction myocardial tissue was assessed. We found prominent signs of non-professional phagocytosis at the transition zone of healthy and infarcted myocardia. Taken together, our findings suggest that non-professional phagocytosis is a general feature of normal tissue cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacob C Seeberg
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University Clinic Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, 91054, Germany
| | - Monika Loibl
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University Clinic Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, 91054, Germany
| | - Fabian Moser
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University Clinic Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, 91054, Germany
| | - Manuela Schwegler
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University Clinic Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, 91054, Germany
| | - Maike Büttner-Herold
- Experimental Renal and Cardiovascular Research, Department of Nephropathology, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, 91054, Germany
| | - Christoph Daniel
- Experimental Renal and Cardiovascular Research, Department of Nephropathology, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, 91054, Germany
| | - Felix B Engel
- Experimental Renal and Cardiovascular Research, Department of Nephropathology, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, 91054, Germany
| | - Arndt Hartmann
- Department of Pathology, University Clinic Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, 91054, Germany
| | | | - Margarete Goppelt-Struebe
- Department of Medicine 4 - Nephrology and Hypertension, University Clinic Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, 91054, Germany
| | - Vera Schellerer
- Department of Surgery, University Clinic Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, 91054, Germany
| | - Elisabeth Naschberger
- Department of Surgery, University Clinic Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, 91054, Germany
| | - Ingo Ganzleben
- Department of Medicine 1, University Clinic Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, 91054, Germany
| | - Lucie Heinzerling
- Department of Dermatology, University Clinic Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, 91054, Germany
| | - Rainer Fietkau
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University Clinic Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, 91054, Germany
| | - Luitpold V Distel
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University Clinic Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, 91054, Germany.
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18
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Arienti S, Barth ND, Dorward DA, Rossi AG, Dransfield I. Regulation of Apoptotic Cell Clearance During Resolution of Inflammation. Front Pharmacol 2019; 10:891. [PMID: 31456686 PMCID: PMC6701246 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2019.00891] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2019] [Accepted: 07/15/2019] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Programmed cell death (apoptosis) has an important role in the maintenance of tissue homeostasis as well as the progression and ultimate resolution of inflammation. During apoptosis, the cell undergoes morphological and biochemical changes [e.g., phosphatidylserine (PtdSer) exposure, caspase activation, changes in mitochondrial membrane potential and DNA cleavage] that act to shut down cellular function and mark the cell for phagocytic clearance. Tissue phagocytes bind and internalize apoptotic cells, bodies, and vesicles, providing a mechanism for the safe disposal of apoptotic material. Phagocytic removal of apoptotic cells before they undergo secondary necrosis reduces the potential for bystander damage to adjacent tissue and importantly initiates signaling pathways within the phagocytic cell that act to dampen inflammation. In a pathological context, excessive apoptosis or failure to clear apoptotic material results in secondary necrosis with the release of pro-inflammatory intracellular contents. In this review, we consider some of the mechanisms by which phagocytosis of apoptotic cells can be controlled. We suggest that matching apoptotic cell load with the capacity for apoptotic cell clearance within tissues may be important for therapeutic strategies that target the apoptotic process for treatment of inflammatory disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simone Arienti
- Centre for Inflammation Research, Queen's Medical Research Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Nicole D Barth
- Centre for Inflammation Research, Queen's Medical Research Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - David A Dorward
- Centre for Inflammation Research, Queen's Medical Research Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Adriano G Rossi
- Centre for Inflammation Research, Queen's Medical Research Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Ian Dransfield
- Centre for Inflammation Research, Queen's Medical Research Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
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19
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Filardi T, Ghinassi B, Di Baldassarre A, Tanzilli G, Morano S, Lenzi A, Basili S, Crescioli C. Cardiomyopathy Associated with Diabetes: The Central Role of the Cardiomyocyte. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20133299. [PMID: 31284374 PMCID: PMC6651183 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20133299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2019] [Revised: 07/02/2019] [Accepted: 07/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The term diabetic cardiomyopathy (DCM) labels an abnormal cardiac structure and performance due to intrinsic heart muscle malfunction, independently of other vascular co-morbidity. DCM, accounting for 50%–80% of deaths in diabetic patients, represents a worldwide problem for human health and related economics. Optimal glycemic control is not sufficient to prevent DCM, which derives from heart remodeling and geometrical changes, with both consequences of critical events initially occurring at the cardiomyocyte level. Cardiac cells, under hyperglycemia, very early undergo metabolic abnormalities and contribute to T helper (Th)-driven inflammatory perturbation, behaving as immunoactive units capable of releasing critical biomediators, such as cytokines and chemokines. This paper aims to focus onto the role of cardiomyocytes, no longer considered as “passive” targets but as “active” units participating in the inflammatory dialogue between local and systemic counterparts underlying DCM development and maintenance. Some of the main biomolecular/metabolic/inflammatory processes triggered within cardiac cells by high glucose are overviewed; particular attention is addressed to early inflammatory cytokines and chemokines, representing potential therapeutic targets for a prompt early intervention when no signs or symptoms of DCM are manifesting yet. DCM clinical management still represents a challenge and further translational investigations, including studies at female/male cell level, are warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tiziana Filardi
- Department of Experimental Medicine, "Sapienza" University, Viale del Policlinico 155, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Barbara Ghinassi
- Department of Medicine and Aging Sciences, "G. D'Annunzio" University of Chieti and Pescara, Via dei Vestini 31, 66100 Chieti, Italy
| | - Angela Di Baldassarre
- Department of Medicine and Aging Sciences, "G. D'Annunzio" University of Chieti and Pescara, Via dei Vestini 31, 66100 Chieti, Italy
| | - Gaetano Tanzilli
- Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, "Sapienza" University, Viale del Policlinico 155, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Susanna Morano
- Department of Experimental Medicine, "Sapienza" University, Viale del Policlinico 155, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Andrea Lenzi
- Department of Experimental Medicine, "Sapienza" University, Viale del Policlinico 155, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Stefania Basili
- Department of Translational and Precision Medicine, "Sapienza" University of Rome, Viale del Policlinico 155, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Clara Crescioli
- Department of Movement, Human and Health Sciences, Section of Health Sciences, University of Rome "Foro Italico", Piazza L. de Bosis 6, 00135 Rome, Italy.
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20
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Abstract
Myeloid cells assume a wide range of phenotypes, some of which are protective against injury and infection whilst others promote cardiovascular disease. This heterogeneity is partially caused by switching of cell sources from local tissue-resident macrophage proliferation to recruitment of circulating cells, and partially due to macrophages' phenotypic plasticity. While long-lived tissue-resident macrophages support development, tissue homoeostasis and cardiac conduction, monocyte-derived cells may promote destruction of the arterial wall and the myocardium, leading to organ ischaemia and heart failure. Influencing myeloid cell flux and phenotype shifts emerges as a therapeutic opportunity in many disease areas, including atherosclerosis, acute myocardial infarction, heart failure and stroke. However, it is currently unclear which cell subsets and drug targets are the most efficient and safest options. Here I review the neutrophil and macrophage supply chain and the cells' emerging heterogeneity in the setting of atherosclerosis and ischaemic heart disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Nahrendorf
- Center for Systems Biology and Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
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21
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Bajpai A, Tilley DG. The Role of Leukocytes in Diabetic Cardiomyopathy. Front Physiol 2018; 9:1547. [PMID: 30443223 PMCID: PMC6221939 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2018.01547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2018] [Accepted: 10/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Diabetes is predominant risk factor for cardiovascular diseases such as myocardial infarction and heart failure. Recently, leukocytes, particularly neutrophils, macrophages, and lymphocytes, have become targets of investigation for their potential role in a number of chronic inflammatory diseases such as diabetes and heart failure. While leukocytes contribute significantly to the progression of diabetes and heart failure individually, understanding their participation in the pathogenesis of diabetic heart failure is much less understood. The present review summarizes the role of leukocytes in the complex interplay between diabetes and heart failure, which is critical to the discovery of new targeted therapies for diabetic cardiomyopathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anamika Bajpai
- Center for Translational Medicine, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Douglas G Tilley
- Center for Translational Medicine, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, United States
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22
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Gomez I, Duval V, Silvestre JS. Cardiomyocytes and Macrophages Discourse on the Method to Govern Cardiac Repair. Front Cardiovasc Med 2018; 5:134. [PMID: 30333983 PMCID: PMC6175999 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2018.00134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2018] [Accepted: 09/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
In response to pathophysiological stress, the cardiac tissue undergoes profound remodeling process that incorporates the elimination of dying resident cells, compensatory hypertrophy of functional cardiomyocytes, growth and remodeling of the vascular compartment and formation of a fibrotic scar. Accumulating evidences indicate that cardiac remodeling is, at least in part, controlled by a complex crosstalk between cardiomyocytes and macrophages. The strategic location of abundant macrophages to the proximity of cardiomyocytes suggest that they could regulate the fate of cardiomyocytes in the injured heart. As such, macrophages appear as critical support cells for cardiomyocytes and play central roles in cardiac hypertrophy, fibrosis and remodeling. Notably, the cardiac tissue expands heterogeneous population of cardiac macrophages through local proliferation of resident macrophage as well as recruitment and differentiation of blood-derived monocytes. It has also been suggested that cardiac-resident macrophages display distinct functional properties from that of monocyte-derived macrophages in cardiac tissue. Furthermore, macrophages are an overflowing source of biological entities with non-canonical roles on cardiac conduction or cardiomyocyte proliferation by regulating action potential diffusion or cardiac cell cycle reentry. Alternatively, stressed cardiomyocytes can trigger the release of a broad repertoire of instructive signals that can regulate macrophage number, skew their phenotype and therefore direct their beneficial or deleterious actions. In this review, we highlight recent discoveries describing how the intricate dialogue between cardiomyocytes and macrophages can shape the deleterious or healing signaling mechanisms in the injured cardiac tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ingrid Gomez
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), UMRS-970, Paris Centre de Recherche Cardiovasculaire, Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Vincent Duval
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), UMRS-970, Paris Centre de Recherche Cardiovasculaire, Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Jean-Sébastien Silvestre
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), UMRS-970, Paris Centre de Recherche Cardiovasculaire, Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
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23
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Lancaster CE, Ho CY, Hipolito VEB, Botelho RJ, Terebiznik MR. Phagocytosis: what's on the menu? 1. Biochem Cell Biol 2018; 97:21-29. [PMID: 29791809 DOI: 10.1139/bcb-2018-0008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Phagocytosis is an evolutionarily conserved process. In Protozoa, phagocytosis fulfills a feeding mechanism, while in Metazoa, phagocytosis diversified to play multiple organismal roles, including immune defence, tissue homeostasis, and remodeling. Accordingly, phagocytes display a high level of plasticity in their capacity to recognize, engulf, and process targets that differ in composition and morphology. Here, we review how phagocytosis adapts to its multiple roles and discuss in particular the effect of target morphology in phagocytic uptake and phagosome maturation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charlene E Lancaster
- a Department of Biological Sciences, University of Toronto at Scarborough, Toronto, ON M1C 1A4, Canada.,b Department of Cell and System Biology, University of Toronto at Scarborough, Toronto, ON M1C 1A4, Canada
| | - Cheuk Y Ho
- a Department of Biological Sciences, University of Toronto at Scarborough, Toronto, ON M1C 1A4, Canada
| | - Victoria E B Hipolito
- c Molecular Science Graduate Program, Ryerson University, Toronto, ON M5B 2K3, Canada.,d Department of Chemistry and Biology, Ryerson University, Toronto, ON M5B 2K3, Canada
| | - Roberto J Botelho
- c Molecular Science Graduate Program, Ryerson University, Toronto, ON M5B 2K3, Canada.,d Department of Chemistry and Biology, Ryerson University, Toronto, ON M5B 2K3, Canada
| | - Mauricio R Terebiznik
- a Department of Biological Sciences, University of Toronto at Scarborough, Toronto, ON M1C 1A4, Canada.,b Department of Cell and System Biology, University of Toronto at Scarborough, Toronto, ON M1C 1A4, Canada
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