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Singh A, Mahapatra B, Banerjee A, Singh S, Singh S, Dubey VK, Das P, Singh RK. Leishmania antigens activated CD4 + T cells expressing CD200R receptors are the prime IL-10 producing phenotype and an important determinant of visceral leishmaniasis pathogenesis. Cytokine 2024; 173:156435. [PMID: 37950929 DOI: 10.1016/j.cyto.2023.156435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2023] [Revised: 11/02/2023] [Accepted: 11/05/2023] [Indexed: 11/13/2023]
Abstract
The excessive production of IL-10, an anti-inflammatory cytokine, by Leishmania antigen-activated T cells is supposed to be a key player in the onset and progression of visceral leishmaniasis (VL). The IL-10-producing sources in VL remain unidentified and uncharacterized. In this study, we reveal that antigen-activated CD4+ T cells, i.e., CD44+CD4+ T cells expressing CD200R receptors, are the prime IL-10-producing phenotypes in Leishmania donovani infection-induced pathogenesis. These phenotypes are separate from CD25+Foxp3+CD4+ T regulatory cells, which are classical IL-10-producing phenotypes. In order to ascertain the role of CD200R and CD25 receptors in IL-10 overexpression-associated VL pathogenesis, we abrogated CD200R and CD25 receptor-mediated signaling in the infected mice. The splenic load of parasites and the size of the liver and spleen were significantly reduced in CD200-blocked mice as compared to CD25-blocked mice. Further, the CD200 blocking polarized CD4+ T cells to pro-inflammatory cytokines-producing phenotypes, as we observed a higher frequency of IFN-γ, TNF-α, and IL-12 positive cells as compared to controls including the CD25 blocking. Our findings suggest that in L. donovani infection-induced pathogenesis the expression of CD200R on antigen-activated T cells helps them to acquire IL-10-producing abilities as part of its one of the survival strategies. However, more studies would be warranted to better understand CD200R receptors role in VL pathogenesis and to develop the next generation of therapeutic and prophylactic control measures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abhishek Singh
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi 221 005, India
| | - Baishakhi Mahapatra
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi 221 005, India
| | - Arpita Banerjee
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi 221 005, India
| | - Samer Singh
- Centre for Experimental Medicine and Surgery, Institute of Medical Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi 221 005, India
| | - Sangram Singh
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Dr. RMLA University, Ayodhya 224001, India
| | - Vikash K Dubey
- Department of Biochemical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi 221 005, India
| | - Pradeep Das
- ICMR-National Institute of Cholera and Enteric Diseases, Kolkata, West Bengal 700010, India
| | - Rakesh K Singh
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi 221 005, India.
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2
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Bahrami F, Masoudzadeh N, Van Veen S, Persson J, Lari A, Sarvnaz H, Taslimi Y, Östensson M, Andersson B, Sharifi I, Goyonlo VM, Ottenhoff TH, Haks MC, Harandi AM, Rafati S. Blood transcriptional profiles distinguish different clinical stages of cutaneous leishmaniasis in humans. Mol Immunol 2022; 149:165-173. [PMID: 35905592 DOI: 10.1016/j.molimm.2022.07.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2022] [Revised: 07/03/2022] [Accepted: 07/19/2022] [Indexed: 10/16/2022]
Abstract
Cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL) is a neglected tropical disease with severe morbidity and socioeconomic sequelae. A better understanding of underlying immune mechanisms that lead to different clinical outcomes of CL could inform the rational design of intervention measures. While transcriptomic analyses of CL lesions were recently reported by us and others, there is a dearth of information on the expression of immune-related genes in the blood of CL patients. Herein, we investigated immune-related gene expression in whole blood samples collected from individuals with different clinical stages of CL along with healthy volunteers in an endemic CL region where Leishmania (L.) tropica is prevalent. Study participants were categorized into asymptomatic (LST+) and healthy uninfected (LST-) groups based on their leishmanin skin test (LST). Whole blood PAXgene samples were collected from volunteers, who had healed CL lesions, and patients with active L. tropica cutaneous lesions. Quality RNA extracted from 57 blood samples were subjected to Dual-color reverse-transcription multiplex ligation-dependent probe amplification (dcRT-MLPA) assay for profiling 144 immune-related genes. Results show significant changes in the expression of genes involved in interferon signaling pathway in the blood of active CL patients, asymptomatics and healed individuals. Nonetheless, distinct profiles for several immune-related genes were identified in the healed, the asymptomatic, and the CL patients compared to the healthy controls. Among others, IFI16 and CCL11 were found as immune transcript signatures for the healed and the asymptomatic individuals, respectively. These results warrant further exploration to pinpoint novel blood biomarkers for different clinical stages of CL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fariborz Bahrami
- Department of Immunology, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Nasrin Masoudzadeh
- Department of Immunotherapy and Leishmania Vaccine Research, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Suzanne Van Veen
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Josefine Persson
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Biomedicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Arezou Lari
- Systems Biomedicine Unit, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hamzeh Sarvnaz
- Department of Immunotherapy and Leishmania Vaccine Research, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Yasaman Taslimi
- Department of Immunotherapy and Leishmania Vaccine Research, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Malin Östensson
- Bioinformatics Core Facility, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Björn Andersson
- Bioinformatics Core Facility, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Iraj Sharifi
- Leishmaniasis Research Center, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | | | - Tom Hm Ottenhoff
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Mariëlle C Haks
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Ali M Harandi
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Biomedicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden; Vaccine Evaluation Center, BC Children's Hospital Research Institute, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada.
| | - Sima Rafati
- Department of Immunotherapy and Leishmania Vaccine Research, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran.
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3
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Noubissi Nzeteu GA, Schlichtner S, David S, Ruppenstein A, Fasler-Kan E, Raap U, Sumbayev VV, Gibbs BF, Meyer NH. Macrophage Differentiation and Polarization Regulate the Release of the Immune Checkpoint Protein V-Domain Ig Suppressor of T Cell Activation. Front Immunol 2022; 13:837097. [PMID: 35634346 PMCID: PMC9132587 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.837097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2021] [Accepted: 04/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Recently, the V-domain immunoglobulin suppressor of T-cell activation (VISTA) was identified as a negative immune checkpoint regulator (NCR) that is mainly expressed in hematopoietic cells. Preclinical studies have shown that VISTA blockade results in impeded tumor growth and improved survival. Nevertheless, little is known about the physiological role of VISTA expression in macrophages. This study focused on the differential expression of VISTA in human monocytes and macrophages in order to elucidate a putative role of VISTA regulation upon macrophage polarization and activation. We observed that human peripheral monocytes constitutively release soluble VISTA, which was regulated via matrix metalloproteinases. However, monocyte stimulation with cytokines that induce macrophage differentiation, such as granulocyte-macrophage colony–stimulating (GM-CSF) and macrophage colony-stimulating factor (M-CSF), substantially reduced soluble VISTA release. VISTA release was further affected by various pro- and anti-inflammatory stimuli that led to macrophage polarization, where activated M1 macrophages generally released more VISTA than M2 macrophages. Additionally, we observed that stimulation of activated macrophages with the toll-like receptor 4 ligand lipopolysaccharide (LPS) led to a further decrease of soluble VISTA release. Moreover, we found that soluble VISTA impairs T cell cytotoxic activity but did not induce their programmed death. Our results suggest that VISTA is constantly produced and released in the peripheral blood where it may contribute to peripheral tolerance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gaetan Aime Noubissi Nzeteu
- Division of General and Visceral Surgery, Department of Human Medicine, University of Oldenburg, Oldenburg, Germany.,Division of Experimental Allergy and Immunodermatology, Department of Human Medicine, University of Oldenburg, Oldenburg, Germany
| | - Stephanie Schlichtner
- Medway School of Pharmacy, Universities of Kent and Greenwich, Chatham Maritime, United Kingdom
| | - Sulamith David
- Division of Experimental Allergy and Immunodermatology, Department of Human Medicine, University of Oldenburg, Oldenburg, Germany
| | - Aylin Ruppenstein
- Division of Experimental Allergy and Immunodermatology, Department of Human Medicine, University of Oldenburg, Oldenburg, Germany
| | - Elizaveta Fasler-Kan
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Children's Hospital, Inselspital Bern, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland.,Department of Biomedicine, University of Basel and University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Ulrike Raap
- Division of Experimental Allergy and Immunodermatology, Department of Human Medicine, University of Oldenburg, Oldenburg, Germany.,University Clinic of Dermatology and Allergy, University of Oldenburg, Klinikum Oldenburg AöR, Oldenburg, Germany
| | - Vadim V Sumbayev
- Medway School of Pharmacy, Universities of Kent and Greenwich, Chatham Maritime, United Kingdom
| | - Bernhard F Gibbs
- Division of Experimental Allergy and Immunodermatology, Department of Human Medicine, University of Oldenburg, Oldenburg, Germany
| | - N Helge Meyer
- Division of General and Visceral Surgery, Department of Human Medicine, University of Oldenburg, Oldenburg, Germany.,Division of Experimental Allergy and Immunodermatology, Department of Human Medicine, University of Oldenburg, Oldenburg, Germany
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4
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Seth A, Kar S. Host-directed antileishmanial interventions: Harvesting unripe fruits to reach fruition. Int Rev Immunol 2022; 42:217-236. [PMID: 35275772 DOI: 10.1080/08830185.2022.2047670] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Leishmaniasis is an exemplary paradigm of immune evasion, fraught with the perils of limited clinical assistance, escalating costs of treatment and made worse with the lack of suitable vaccine. While drugs remain central to large-scale disease control, the growing emergence of parasite resistance necessitates the need for combination therapy involving host-directed immunological agents. Also, since prolonged disease progression is associated with strong immune suppression of the host, augmentation of host immunity via restoration of the immunoregulatory circuit involving antigen-presenting cells and T-cells, activation of macrophage function and/or CD4+ T helper 1 cell differentiation may serve as an ideal approach to resolve severe cases of leishmaniasis. As such, therapies that embody a synergistic approach that involve direct killing of the parasite in addition to elevating host immunity are likely to pave the way for widespread elimination of leishmaniasis in the future. With this review, we aim to recapitulate the various immunotherapeutic agents found to hold promise in antileishmanial treatment both in vitro and in vivo. These include parasite-specific antigens, dendritic cell-targeted therapy, recombinant inhibitors of various components intrinsic to immune cell signaling and agonists or antagonists to immune cells and cytokines. We also summarize their abilities to direct therapeutic skewing of the host cell-immune response and review their potential to combat the disease either alone, or as adjunct modalities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anuradha Seth
- Division of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow, India.,Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Susanta Kar
- Division of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow, India
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5
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Jafarzadeh A, Kumar S, Bodhale N, Jafarzadeh S, Nemati M, Sharifi I, Sarkar A, Saha B. The expression of PD-1 and its ligands increases in Leishmania infection and its blockade reduces the parasite burden. Cytokine 2022; 153:155839. [PMID: 35276636 DOI: 10.1016/j.cyto.2022.155839] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2021] [Revised: 12/16/2021] [Accepted: 02/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
The expression of programmed cell death protein-1 (PD-1) and its ligands- PD-L1 and PD-L2- on T cells and macrophages', respectively, increases in Leishmania infection. The PD-1/PD-L1 interaction induces T cell anergy, T cell apoptosis and exhaustion, diversion of T cells toward TH2 and T-reg cells but inhibits M1 macrophage activities by suppression of nitric oxide (NO) and reactive oxygen species (ROS) production. These changes exacerbate Leishmania infection. As PD-L1-deficient, but not PD-L2-deficient, mice were protected againstL. mexicanainfection, differential roles have been proposed for PD-L1 and PD-L2 in mouse models of leishmaniasis. Blockade of PD-1/PD-L1 interaction in various in vitro and Leishmania-infected mouse, hamster and dog models enhanced IFN-γ and NO production, reduced IL-10 and TGF-β generation, promoted T cell proliferation and reduced parasite burden. Therefore, PD-1/PD-L1 blockade is being considered as a potential therapeutic strategy to restore protective immunity during leishmaniasis, particularly, in drug-resistant cases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdollah Jafarzadeh
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran; Molecular Medicine Research Center, Research Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences, Rafsanjan, Iran
| | - Sunil Kumar
- National Centre For Cell Science, Pune 411007, India
| | | | - Sara Jafarzadeh
- Student Research Committee, School of Medicine, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Maryam Nemati
- Molecular Medicine Research Center, Research Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences, Rafsanjan, Iran; Department of Haematology and Laboratory Sciences, School of Para-Medicine, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Iraj Sharifi
- Leishmaniasis Research Center, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Arup Sarkar
- Trident Academy of Creative Technology, Bhubaneswar, India
| | - Bhaskar Saha
- National Centre For Cell Science, Pune 411007, India; Student Research Committee, School of Medicine, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran; Trident Academy of Creative Technology, Bhubaneswar, India.
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6
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Taslimi Y, Masoudzadeh N, Bahrami F, Rafati S. Cutaneous leishmaniasis: multiomics approaches to unravel the role of immune cells checkpoints. Expert Rev Proteomics 2022; 19:213-225. [PMID: 36191333 DOI: 10.1080/14789450.2022.2131545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL) is the most frequent form of leishmaniases, associated with skin inflammation and ulceration. Understanding the interaction of different phagocytic cells in the recognition and uptake of different Leishmania species is critical for controlling the infection. Phagocytic cells have a pivotal role as professional antigen-presenting cells that bridge the innate and adaptive immunity and shape the outcome of the disease. AREAS COVERED Here we reviewed new technologies with high-throughput data collection capabilities along with systems biology approaches which are recently being used to decode the paradox of CL immunology. EXPERT OPINION We emphasized on the crosstalk between DC and T-cells while focusing on the immune checkpoints interactions between the human immune system and the Leishmania species. Further, we discussed omics technologies including bulk RNA sequencing, reverse transcriptase-multiplex ligation dependent probe amplification (RT-MLPA), and proximity extension assay (PEA) in studies on human blood or tissue-driven samples from CL patients in which we have so far been involved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasaman Taslimi
- Department of Immunotherapy and Leishmania Vaccine Research, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran Iran
| | - Nasrin Masoudzadeh
- Department of Immunotherapy and Leishmania Vaccine Research, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran Iran
| | - Fariborz Bahrami
- Department of Immunology, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Sima Rafati
- Department of Immunotherapy and Leishmania Vaccine Research, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran Iran
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7
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Dey NS, Senaratne S, Somaratne V, Madarasinghe NP, Seneviratne B, Forrester S, Montes de Oca M, Reis LC, Moulik S, Walrad PB, Chatterjee M, Goto H, Wickremasinghe R, Lagos D, Kaye PM, Ranasinghe S. Early reduction in PD-L1 expression predicts faster treatment response in human cutaneous leishmaniasis. J Clin Invest 2021; 131:142765. [PMID: 34609968 PMCID: PMC8592550 DOI: 10.1172/jci142765] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2020] [Accepted: 09/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL) is caused by Leishmania donovani in Sri Lanka. Pentavalent antimonials (e.g., sodium stibogluconate [SSG]) remain first-line drugs for CL with no new effective treatments emerging. We studied whole blood and lesion transcriptomes from Sri Lankan patients with CL at presentation and during SSG treatment. From lesions but not whole blood, we identified differential expression of immune-related genes, including immune checkpoint molecules, after onset of treatment. Using spatial profiling and RNA-FISH, we confirmed reduced expression of programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) and indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase 1 (IDO1) proteins on treatment in lesions of a second validation cohort and further demonstrated significantly higher expression of these checkpoint molecules on parasite-infected compared with noninfected lesional CD68+ monocytes and macrophages. Crucially, early reduction in PD-L1 but not IDO1 expression was predictive of rate of clinical cure (HR = 4.88) and occurred in parallel with reduction in parasite load. Our data support a model whereby the initial anti-leishmanial activity of antimonial drugs alleviates checkpoint inhibition on T cells, facilitating immune-drug synergism and clinical cure. Our findings demonstrate that PD-L1 expression can be used as a predictor of rapidity of clinical response to SSG treatment in Sri Lanka and support further evaluation of PD-L1 as a host-directed therapeutic in leishmaniasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nidhi S Dey
- York Biomedical Research Institute, Hull York Medical School, University of York, York, United Kingdom
| | - Sujai Senaratne
- Department of Parasitology, University of Sri Jayewardenepura, Nugegoda, Sri Lanka
| | - Vijani Somaratne
- Dermatology Unit, District General Hospital Embilipitiya, Embilipitiya, Sri Lanka
| | | | - Bimalka Seneviratne
- Deparment of Pathology, University of Sri Jayewardenepura, Nugegoda, Sri Lanka
| | - Sarah Forrester
- York Biomedical Research Institute, Hull York Medical School, University of York, York, United Kingdom
| | - Marcela Montes de Oca
- York Biomedical Research Institute, Hull York Medical School, University of York, York, United Kingdom
| | - Luiza Campos Reis
- Instituto de Medicina Tropical de São Paulo, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Srija Moulik
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Postgraduate Medical Education and Research, Kolkata, India
| | - Pegine B Walrad
- York Biomedical Research Institute, Department of Biology, University of York, York, United Kingdom
| | - Mitali Chatterjee
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Postgraduate Medical Education and Research, Kolkata, India
| | - Hiro Goto
- Instituto de Medicina Tropical de São Paulo, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil.,Departamento de Medicina Preventiva, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Renu Wickremasinghe
- Department of Parasitology, University of Sri Jayewardenepura, Nugegoda, Sri Lanka
| | - Dimitris Lagos
- York Biomedical Research Institute, Hull York Medical School, University of York, York, United Kingdom
| | - Paul M Kaye
- York Biomedical Research Institute, Hull York Medical School, University of York, York, United Kingdom
| | - Shalindra Ranasinghe
- Department of Parasitology, University of Sri Jayewardenepura, Nugegoda, Sri Lanka
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8
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Adenosine-related small molecules show utility of recall antigen assay to screen compounds for off-target effects on memory T cells. Sci Rep 2021; 11:9561. [PMID: 33953256 PMCID: PMC8100288 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-88965-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2020] [Accepted: 04/07/2021] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Extracellular adenosine suppresses T cell immunity in the tumor microenvironment and in vitro treatment of memory T cells with adenosine can suppress antigen-mediated memory T cell expansion. We describe utilizing the recall antigen assay platform to screen small molecule drug off-target effects on memory T cell expansion/function using a dosing regimen based on adenosine treatment. As a proof of principle, we show low dose GS-5734, a monophosphoramidate prodrug of an adenosine analog, does not alter memory T cell recall at lower doses whereas toxicity observed at high dose favors antigen-specific memory T cell survival/proliferation over non-specific CD8+ T cells. Conversely, parent nucleoside GS-441524 at high dosage does not result in cellular toxicity and reduces antigen-specific T cell recall in most donors. Despite similar chemical structure, these drugs displayed opposing effects on memory T cell expansion and viability highlighting the sensitivity of this assay setup in screening compounds for off-target effects.
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9
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de Freitas E Silva R, Gálvez RI, Pereira VRA, de Brito MEF, Choy SL, Lotter H, Bosurgi L, Jacobs T. Programmed Cell Death Ligand (PD-L)-1 Contributes to the Regulation of CD4 + T Effector and Regulatory T Cells in Cutaneous Leishmaniasis. Front Immunol 2020; 11:574491. [PMID: 33193363 PMCID: PMC7642203 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.574491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2020] [Accepted: 09/10/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Cutaneous Leishmaniasis (CL) affects up to one million people every year and treatments are costly and toxic. The regulation of the host immune response is complex and the knowledge of how CD4+ T cells are activated and maintained during Leishmania infection is still limited. Current therapies aim to target programmed cell death (PD)-1 and programmed cell death ligand (PD-L)-1 in order to boost T cell activity. However, the role of the PD-1/PD-L1 axis during Leishmania infection is still unclear. In this study, we found that patients with active and post-treatment CL displayed different subsets of CD4+PD-1+ T cells. Accordingly, L. major-infected mice upregulated PD-1 on activated CD4+ T effector cells and PD-L1 on resident macrophages and infiltrating monocytes at the site of infection. L. major-infected Pdl1−/− mice expressed lower levels of MHCII and higher levels of CD206 on macrophages and monocytes and, more importantly, the lack of PD-L1 contributed to a reduced frequency of CD4+Ly6Chi T effector cells and an increase of CD4+Foxp3+ regulatory T cells at the site of infection and in draining lymph nodes. Additionally, the lack of PD-L1 was associated with lower production of IL-27 by infiltrating monocytes and lower levels of the Th1 cytokines IFN-γ and TNF-α produced by CD4+ T effector cells. Pdl1−/− mice initially exhibited larger lesions despite having a similar parasite load. Our results describe for the first time how the interruption of the PD-1/PD-L1 axis influences the immune response against CL and suggests that this axis regulates the balance between CD4+Ly6Chi T effector cells and CD4+Foxp3+ regulatory T cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rafael de Freitas E Silva
- Protozoa Immunology, Bernhard Nocht Institute for Tropical Medicine, Hamburg, Germany.,Department of Natural Sciences, University of Pernambuco, Garanhuns, Brazil
| | - Rosa Isela Gálvez
- Protozoa Immunology, Bernhard Nocht Institute for Tropical Medicine, Hamburg, Germany
| | | | | | - Siew Ling Choy
- Department of Molecular Parasitology and Immunology, Bernhard Nocht Institute for Tropical Medicine, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Hannelore Lotter
- Department of Molecular Parasitology and Immunology, Bernhard Nocht Institute for Tropical Medicine, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Lidia Bosurgi
- Protozoa Immunology, Bernhard Nocht Institute for Tropical Medicine, Hamburg, Germany.,I. Department of Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Thomas Jacobs
- Protozoa Immunology, Bernhard Nocht Institute for Tropical Medicine, Hamburg, Germany
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10
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González-Tafoya E, Diupotex M, Zamora-Chimal J, Salaiza-Suazo N, Ruiz-Remigio A, Becker I. TNF contributes to T-cell exhaustion in chronic L. mexicana infections of mice through PD-L1 up-regulation. Cell Immunol 2020; 358:104196. [PMID: 33032241 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellimm.2020.104196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2020] [Revised: 07/14/2020] [Accepted: 07/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Leishmania mexicana can produce chronic infections leading to exhausted T cell phenotypes, mediated by PD-1/PD-L1. Little is known on mechanisms that induce these inhibitory molecules in chronic leishmaniasis. We analyzed factors that contribute to exhausted phenotypes in chronic L. mexicana infections of mice. Our results show that draining lymph node cells express enhanced levels of PD-1/PD-L1. T lymphocytes producing low cytokine levels were also found. L. mexicana infection of dendritic cells (DCs) produced elevated amounts of TNF and showed up-regulation of PD-L1 expression. We provide evidence that T cells of chronic L. mexicana infections in mice are functionally exhausted due to chronic TNF production, which leads to PD-L1 up-regulation in DCs. We conclude that TNF has a fundamental role in promoting T cell exhaustion during chronic L. mexicana infections, which contributes to the inability of T cells to proliferate and produce pro-inflammatory cytokines, thus favoring disease progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eddie González-Tafoya
- Unidad de Investigación en Medicina Experimental, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Hospital General de México, Dr. Balmis 148, Ciudad de México C. P. 06726, Mexico
| | - Mariana Diupotex
- Unidad de Investigación en Medicina Experimental, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Hospital General de México, Dr. Balmis 148, Ciudad de México C. P. 06726, Mexico
| | - Jaime Zamora-Chimal
- Unidad de Investigación en Medicina Experimental, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Hospital General de México, Dr. Balmis 148, Ciudad de México C. P. 06726, Mexico
| | - Norma Salaiza-Suazo
- Unidad de Investigación en Medicina Experimental, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Hospital General de México, Dr. Balmis 148, Ciudad de México C. P. 06726, Mexico
| | - Adriana Ruiz-Remigio
- Unidad de Investigación en Medicina Experimental, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Hospital General de México, Dr. Balmis 148, Ciudad de México C. P. 06726, Mexico
| | - Ingeborg Becker
- Unidad de Investigación en Medicina Experimental, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Hospital General de México, Dr. Balmis 148, Ciudad de México C. P. 06726, Mexico.
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11
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Doello K, Amezcua V, Delgado A, Valdivia J. Visceral Leishmaniasis in a 62-Year-Old Woman with Metastatic Renal Cancer in Treatment with Nivolumab. Indian J Med Paediatr Oncol 2020. [DOI: 10.4103/ijmpo.ijmpo_238_18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Kevin Doello
- Service of Medical Oncology, Virgen De Las Nieves Hospital, Granada, Spain
| | - Víctor Amezcua
- Service of Medical Oncology, Virgen De Las Nieves Hospital, Granada, Spain
| | - Alicia Delgado
- Service of Hematology, Virgen De Las Nieves Hospital, Granada, Spain
| | - Javier Valdivia
- Service of Medical Oncology, Virgen De Las Nieves Hospital, Granada, Spain
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