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Tu Q, Yu X, Xie W, Luo Y, Tang H, Chen K, Ruan Y, Li Y, Zhou J, Yin Y, Chen D, Song Z. Prokineticin 2 promotes macrophages-mediated antibacterial host defense against bacterial pneumonia. Int J Infect Dis 2022; 125:103-113. [PMID: 36241161 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijid.2022.10.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2022] [Revised: 09/23/2022] [Accepted: 10/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Bacterial pneumonia is a common serious infectious disease with high morbidity and mortality. Prokineticin 2 (PK2) has recently been identified as a novel immunomodulator in a variety of diseases; however, its role in bacterial pneumonia remains unclear. METHODS The levels of PK2 were measured and analyzed in patients with pneumonia and healthy controls. The effects of PK2 on the host response to pneumonia were evaluated by in vivo animal experiments and in vitro cell experiments. RESULTS PK2 levels dramatically decreased in patients with pneumonia compared with healthy controls, and PK2 levels were lower in patients with severe pneumonia than in pneumonia. In a mouse model of bacterial pneumonia, transtracheal administration of recombinant PK2 significantly alleviated lung injury and improved the survival, which was associated with increased host's bacterial clearance capacity, as manifested by decreased pulmonary bacterial loads. PK2 enhanced the chemotaxis, phagocytosis, and killing ability of macrophages, whereas the protective efficacy of PK2 was abolished after macrophage depletion. CONCLUSION Impaired alveolar macrophage function caused by decreased PK2 is a new endogenous cause of the occurrence and development of bacterial pneumonia. The administration of recombinant PK2 may be a potential adjuvant therapy for bacterial pneumonia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qianqian Tu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University; National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University; Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University. Chongqing Key Laboratory of Child Infection and Immunity, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China; Department of Laboratory Medicine, Key Laboratory of Diagnostic Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Xiaoyan Yu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University; National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University; Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University. Chongqing Key Laboratory of Child Infection and Immunity, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Wei Xie
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University; National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University; Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University. Chongqing Key Laboratory of Child Infection and Immunity, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yetao Luo
- Department of Nosocomial Infection Control, Second affiliated Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Hong Tang
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Department of Surgical Intensive Care Unit, the First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Kai Chen
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Key Laboratory of Diagnostic Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yanting Ruan
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University; National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University; Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University. Chongqing Key Laboratory of Child Infection and Immunity, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yue Li
- Molecular Medicine and Cancer Research Center, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Jie Zhou
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University; National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University; Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University. Chongqing Key Laboratory of Child Infection and Immunity, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yibing Yin
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Key Laboratory of Diagnostic Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Dapeng Chen
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University; National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University; Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University. Chongqing Key Laboratory of Child Infection and Immunity, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China.
| | - Zhixin Song
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University; National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University; Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University. Chongqing Key Laboratory of Child Infection and Immunity, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China.
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Yang J, Chang T, Tang L, Deng H, Chen D, Luo J, Wu H, Tang T, Zhang C, Li Z, Dong L, Yang XP, Tang ZH. Increased Expression of Tim-3 Is Associated With Depletion of NKT Cells In SARS-CoV-2 Infection. Front Immunol 2022; 13:796682. [PMID: 35250975 PMCID: PMC8889099 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.796682] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2021] [Accepted: 01/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
In the ongoing coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), natural killer T (NKT) cells act as primary initiators of immune responses. However, a decrease of circulating NKT cells has been observed in COVID-19 different stages, of which the underlying mechanism remains to be elucidated. Here, by performing single-cell RNA sequencing analysis in three large cohorts of COVID-19 patients, we found that increased expression of Tim-3 promotes depletion of NKT cells during the progression stage of COVID-19, which is associated with disease severity and outcome of patients with COVID-19. Tim-3+ NKT cells also expressed high levels of CD147 and CD26, which are potential SARS-CoV-2 spike binding receptors. In the study, Tim-3+ NKT cells showed high enrichment of apoptosis, higher expression levels of mitochondrial genes and caspase genes, with a larger pseudo time value. In addition, Tim-3+ NKT cells in COVID-19 presented a stronger capacity to secrete IFN-γ, IL-4 and IL-10 compared with healthy individuals, they also demonstrated high expression of co-inhibitory receptors such as PD-1, CTLA-4, and LAG-3. Moreover, we found that IL-12 secreted by dendritic cells (DCs) was positively correlated with up-regulated expression of Tim-3 in NKT cells in COVID-19 patients. Overall, this study describes a novel mechanism by which up-regulated Tim-3 expression induced the depletion and dysfunction of NKT cells in COVID-19 patients. These findings not only have possible implications for the prediction of severity and prognosis in COVID-19 but also provide a link between NKT cells and future new therapeutic strategies in SARS-CoV-2 infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingzhi Yang
- Division of Trauma & Surgical Critical Care, Department of Surgery, Tongji Hospital, Wuhan, China
| | - Teding Chang
- Division of Trauma & Surgical Critical Care, Department of Surgery, Tongji Hospital, Wuhan, China
| | - Liangsheng Tang
- Division of Trauma & Surgical Critical Care, Department of Surgery, Tongji Hospital, Wuhan, China
| | - Hai Deng
- Division of Trauma & Surgical Critical Care, Department of Surgery, Tongji Hospital, Wuhan, China
| | - Deng Chen
- Division of Trauma & Surgical Critical Care, Department of Surgery, Tongji Hospital, Wuhan, China
| | - Jialiu Luo
- Division of Trauma & Surgical Critical Care, Department of Surgery, Tongji Hospital, Wuhan, China
| | - Han Wu
- Division of Trauma & Surgical Critical Care, Department of Surgery, Tongji Hospital, Wuhan, China
| | - TingXuan Tang
- School of Medicine, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Cong Zhang
- Division of Trauma & Surgical Critical Care, Department of Surgery, Tongji Hospital, Wuhan, China
| | - Zhenwen Li
- Division of Trauma & Surgical Critical Care, Department of Surgery, Tongji Hospital, Wuhan, China
| | - Liming Dong
- Division of Trauma & Surgical Critical Care, Department of Surgery, Tongji Hospital, Wuhan, China
| | - Xiang-Ping Yang
- Department of Immunology, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Zhao-Hui Tang
- Division of Trauma & Surgical Critical Care, Department of Surgery, Tongji Hospital, Wuhan, China
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Keane JT, Posey AD. Chimeric Antigen Receptors Expand the Repertoire of Antigenic Macromolecules for Cellular Immunity. Cells 2021; 10:cells10123356. [PMID: 34943864 PMCID: PMC8699116 DOI: 10.3390/cells10123356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2021] [Revised: 11/24/2021] [Accepted: 11/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
T-cell therapies have made significant improvements in cancer treatment over the last decade. One cellular therapy utilizing T-cells involves the use of a chimeric MHC-independent antigen-recognition receptor, typically referred to as a chimeric antigen receptor (CAR). CAR molecules, while mostly limited to the recognition of antigens on the surface of tumor cells, can also be utilized to exploit the diverse repertoire of macromolecules targetable by antibodies, which are incorporated into the CAR design. Leaning into this expansion of target macromolecules will enhance the diversity of antigens T-cells can target and may improve the tumor-specificity of CAR T-cell therapy. This review explores the types of macromolecules targetable by T-cells through endogenous and synthetic antigen-specific receptors.
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Affiliation(s)
- John T. Keane
- Department of Systems Pharmacology and Translational Therapeutics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA;
| | - Avery D. Posey
- Department of Systems Pharmacology and Translational Therapeutics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA;
- Corporal Michael J. Crescenz VA Medical Center, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
- Correspondence:
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Inflammatory macrophage memory in nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug-exacerbated respiratory disease. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2020; 147:587-599. [PMID: 32540397 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2020.04.064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2020] [Revised: 04/04/2020] [Accepted: 04/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug-exacerbated respiratory disease (N-ERD) is a chronic inflammatory condition, which is driven by an aberrant arachidonic acid metabolism. Macrophages are major producers of arachidonic acid metabolites and subject to metabolic reprogramming, but they have been neglected in N-ERD. OBJECTIVE This study sought to elucidate a potential metabolic and epigenetic macrophage reprogramming in N-ERD. METHODS Transcriptional, metabolic, and lipid mediator profiles in macrophages from patients with N-ERD and healthy controls were assessed by RNA sequencing, Seahorse assays, and LC-MS/MS. Metabolites in nasal lining fluid, sputum, and plasma from patients with N-ERD (n = 15) and healthy individuals (n = 10) were quantified by targeted metabolomics analyses. Genome-wide methylomics were deployed to define epigenetic mechanisms of macrophage reprogramming in N-ERD. RESULTS This study shows that N-ERD monocytes/macrophages exhibit an overall reduction in DNA methylation, aberrant metabolic profiles, and an increased expression of chemokines, indicative of a persistent proinflammatory activation. Differentially methylated regions in N-ERD macrophages included genes involved in chemokine signaling and acylcarnitine metabolism. Acylcarnitines were increased in macrophages, sputum, nasal lining fluid, and plasma of patients with N-ERD. On inflammatory challenge, N-ERD macrophages produced increased levels of acylcarnitines, proinflammatory arachidonic acid metabolites, cytokines, and chemokines as compared to healthy macrophages. CONCLUSIONS Together, these findings decipher a proinflammatory metabolic and epigenetic reprogramming of macrophages in N-ERD.
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Survey of cellular immune responses to human cytomegalovirus infection in the microenvironment of the uterine-placental interface. Med Microbiol Immunol 2019; 208:475-485. [PMID: 31065796 DOI: 10.1007/s00430-019-00613-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2019] [Accepted: 04/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Congenital human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) infection is a leading cause of birth defects, yet there are no established treatments for preventing maternal-fetal transmission. During first trimester, HCMV replicates in basal decidua that functions as a reservoir for virus and source of transmission to the attached placenta and fetal hemiallograft but also contains immune cells, including natural killer cells, macrophages, and T cell subsets, that respond to pathogens, protecting the placenta and fetus. However, the specific cellular and cytokine responses to infection are unknown, nor are the immune correlates of protection that guide development of therapeutic strategies. Here we survey immune cell phenotypes in intact explants of basal decidua infected with a clinical pathogenic HCMV strain ex vivo and identify specific changes occurring in response to infection in the tissue environment. Using 4-color immunofluorescence microscopy, we found that at 3 days postinfection, virus replicates in decidual stromal cells and epithelial cells of endometrial glands. Infected cells and effector memory CD8+ T cells (TEM) in contact with them make IFN-γ. CD8+ TEM cells produce granulysin and cluster at sites of infection in decidua and the epithelium of endometrial glands. Quantification indicated expansion of two immune cell subtypes-CD8+ TEM cells and, to a lesser extent, iNKT cells. Approximately 20% of immune cells were found in pairs in both control and infected decidua, suggesting frequent cross-talk in the microenvironment of decidua. Our findings indicate a complex immune microenvironment in basal decidua and suggest CD8+ TEM cells play a role in early responses to decidual infection in seropositive women.
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Zhao A, Liu K, Qi Y. Natural killer T cells from peripheral blood of patients with pregnancy-induced hypertension inhibit the proliferation and migration of vascular endothelial cells by secreting interleukin-17. BIOTECHNOL BIOTEC EQ 2019. [DOI: 10.1080/13102818.2019.1577698] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Aixin Zhao
- Obstetrics Department, Jinan Second Maternal and Child Health Hospital, Jinan, P.R. China
| | - Kun Liu
- Obstetrics Department, Jinan Second Maternal and Child Health Hospital, Jinan, P.R. China
| | - Yunfang Qi
- Obstetrics Department, Jinan Second Maternal and Child Health Hospital, Jinan, P.R. China
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