1
|
Jiang C, Lin J, Xie B, Peng M, Dai Z, Mai S, Chen Q. Causal association between circulating blood cell traits and pulmonary embolism: a mendelian randomization study. Thromb J 2024; 22:49. [PMID: 38863024 PMCID: PMC11167760 DOI: 10.1186/s12959-024-00618-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2024] [Accepted: 05/31/2024] [Indexed: 06/13/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pulmonary embolism (PE) is a life-threatening thromboembolic disease for which there is limited evidence for effective prevention and treatment. Our goal was to determine whether genetically predicted circulating blood cell traits could influence the incidence of PE. METHODS Using single variable Mendelian randomization (SVMR) and multivariate Mendelian randomization (MVMR) analyses, we identified genetic associations between circulating blood cell counts and lymphocyte subsets and PE. GWAS blood cell characterization summary statistics were compiled from the Blood Cell Consortium. The lymphocyte subpopulation counts were extracted from summary GWAS statistics for samples from 3757 individuals that had been analyzed by flow cytometry. GWAS data related to PE were obtained from the FinnGen study. RESULTS According to the SVMR and reverse MR, increased levels of circulating white blood cells (odds ratio [OR]: 0.88, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.81-0.95, p = 0.0079), lymphocytes (OR: 0.90, 95% CI: 0.84-0.97, p = 0.0115), and neutrophils (OR: 0.88, 95% CI: 0.81-0.96, p = 0.0108) were causally associated with PE susceptibility. MVMR analysis revealed that lower circulating lymphocyte counts (OR: 0.84, 95% CI: 0.75-0.94, p = 0.0139) were an independent predictor of PE. According to further MR results, this association may be primarily related to HLA-DR+ natural killer (NK) cells. CONCLUSIONS Among European populations, there is a causal association between genetically predicted low circulating lymphocyte counts, particularly low HLA-DR+ NK cells, and an increased risk of PE. This finding supports observational studies that link peripheral blood cells to PE and provides recommendations for predicting and preventing this condition.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chen Jiang
- Department of Geriatrics, Respiratory Medicine, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, China
| | - Jianing Lin
- Department of Geriatrics, Respiratory Medicine, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, China
| | - Bin Xie
- Department of Geriatrics, Respiratory Medicine, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, China
| | - Meijuan Peng
- Department of Geriatrics, Respiratory Medicine, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, China
| | - Ziyu Dai
- Department of Geriatrics, Respiratory Medicine, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, China
| | - Suyin Mai
- Department of Geriatrics, Respiratory Medicine, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, China
| | - Qiong Chen
- Department of Geriatrics, Respiratory Medicine, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, China.
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, China.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Farkona S, Pastrello C, Konvalinka A. Proteomics: Its Promise and Pitfalls in Shaping Precision Medicine in Solid Organ Transplantation. Transplantation 2023; 107:2126-2142. [PMID: 36808112 DOI: 10.1097/tp.0000000000004539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/22/2023]
Abstract
Solid organ transplantation is an established treatment of choice for end-stage organ failure. However, all transplant patients are at risk of developing complications, including allograft rejection and death. Histological analysis of graft biopsy is still the gold standard for evaluation of allograft injury, but it is an invasive procedure and prone to sampling errors. The past decade has seen an increased number of efforts to develop minimally invasive procedures for monitoring allograft injury. Despite the recent progress, limitations such as the complexity of proteomics-based technology, the lack of standardization, and the heterogeneity of populations that have been included in different studies have hindered proteomic tools from reaching clinical transplantation. This review focuses on the role of proteomics-based platforms in biomarker discovery and validation in solid organ transplantation. We also emphasize the value of biomarkers that provide potential mechanistic insights into the pathophysiology of allograft injury, dysfunction, or rejection. Additionally, we forecast that the growth of publicly available data sets, combined with computational methods that effectively integrate them, will facilitate a generation of more informed hypotheses for potential subsequent evaluation in preclinical and clinical studies. Finally, we illustrate the value of combining data sets through the integration of 2 independent data sets that pinpointed hub proteins in antibody-mediated rejection.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sofia Farkona
- Toronto General Hospital Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Soham and Shaila Ajmera Family Transplant Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Chiara Pastrello
- Osteoarthritis Research Program, Division of Orthopedic Surgery, Schroeder Arthritis Institute University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Data Science Discovery Centre for Chronic Diseases, Krembil Research Institute, Toronto Western Hospital, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Ana Konvalinka
- Toronto General Hospital Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Soham and Shaila Ajmera Family Transplant Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Institute of Medical Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Canadian Donation and Transplantation Research Program, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Khan MA, Lau CL, Krupnick AS. Monitoring regulatory T cells as a prognostic marker in lung transplantation. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1235889. [PMID: 37818354 PMCID: PMC10561299 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1235889] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2023] [Accepted: 09/11/2023] [Indexed: 10/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Lung transplantation is the major surgical procedure, which restores normal lung functioning and provides years of life for patients suffering from major lung diseases. Lung transplant recipients are at high risk of primary graft dysfunction, and chronic lung allograft dysfunction (CLAD) in the form of bronchiolitis obliterative syndrome (BOS). Regulatory T cell (Treg) suppresses effector cells and clinical studies have demonstrated that Treg levels are altered in transplanted lung during BOS progression as compared to normal lung. Here, we discuss levels of Tregs/FOXP3 gene expression as a crucial prognostic biomarker of lung functions during CLAD progression in clinical lung transplant recipients. The review will also discuss Treg mediated immune tolerance, tissue repair, and therapeutic strategies for achieving in-vivo Treg expansion, which will be a potential therapeutic option to reduce inflammation-mediated graft injuries, taper the toxic side effects of ongoing immunosuppressants, and improve lung transplant survival rates.
Collapse
|
4
|
Song Y, Liu X, Yuan J, Sha Z, Jiang W, Liu M, Qian Y, Gao C, Gong Z, Luo H, Zhou X, Huang J, Jiang R, Quan W. Atorvastatin combined with low-dose dexamethasone improves the neuroinflammation and survival in mice with intracerebral hemorrhage. Front Neurosci 2022; 16:967297. [PMID: 36071715 PMCID: PMC9441757 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2022.967297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2022] [Accepted: 07/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) is a fatal disease with high mortality and poor prognosis that triggers multiple severe brain injuries associated with an inflammatory cascade response that cannot be treated with any effective medication. Atorvastatin (ATO) suppresses inflammation, alleviates brain trauma, and eliminates subdural hematoma. Dexamethasone (DXM) also has the capacity to inhibit inflammation. Thus, we combined ATO with low-dose DXM to treat ICH mice in vivo to examine whether the combined treatment can inhibit secondary inflammation around the cerebral hemorrhage and decrease overall mortality. Compared to the monotherapy by either ATO or DXM, the combined treatment significantly improves the survivorship of the ICH mice, accelerates their recovery of impaired neurological function, and modulates the circulating cytokines, oxidative products, and apoptosis. Moreover, the benefit of ATO-DXM combination therapy was most pronounced on day 3 after dosing compared to ATO or DXM alone. Thus, early administration of ATO combined with low-dose-DXM promotes better survival of ICH and improves neurological function by reducing neuroinflammation and brain edema in their early phase.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yiming Song
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
- The State Key Laboratory of Neurotrauma Repair and Regeneration, Ministry of Education, Tianjin, China
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Xuanhui Liu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
- The State Key Laboratory of Neurotrauma Repair and Regeneration, Ministry of Education, Tianjin, China
| | - Jiangyuan Yuan
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
- The State Key Laboratory of Neurotrauma Repair and Regeneration, Ministry of Education, Tianjin, China
| | - Zhuang Sha
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
- The State Key Laboratory of Neurotrauma Repair and Regeneration, Ministry of Education, Tianjin, China
| | - Weiwei Jiang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
- The State Key Laboratory of Neurotrauma Repair and Regeneration, Ministry of Education, Tianjin, China
| | - Mingqi Liu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
- The State Key Laboratory of Neurotrauma Repair and Regeneration, Ministry of Education, Tianjin, China
| | - Yu Qian
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
- The State Key Laboratory of Neurotrauma Repair and Regeneration, Ministry of Education, Tianjin, China
| | - Chuang Gao
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
- The State Key Laboratory of Neurotrauma Repair and Regeneration, Ministry of Education, Tianjin, China
| | - Zhitao Gong
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
- The State Key Laboratory of Neurotrauma Repair and Regeneration, Ministry of Education, Tianjin, China
| | - Hongliang Luo
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
- The State Key Laboratory of Neurotrauma Repair and Regeneration, Ministry of Education, Tianjin, China
| | - Xin Zhou
- Department of Cardiology, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Jinhao Huang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
- The State Key Laboratory of Neurotrauma Repair and Regeneration, Ministry of Education, Tianjin, China
- *Correspondence: Jinhao Huang,
| | - Rongcai Jiang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
- The State Key Laboratory of Neurotrauma Repair and Regeneration, Ministry of Education, Tianjin, China
- Rongcai Jiang,
| | - Wei Quan
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
- The State Key Laboratory of Neurotrauma Repair and Regeneration, Ministry of Education, Tianjin, China
- Wei Quan,
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Kazmi S, Khan MA, Shamma T, Altuhami A, Assiri AM, Broering DC. Therapeutic nexus of T cell immunometabolism in improving transplantation immunotherapy. Int Immunopharmacol 2022; 106:108621. [DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2022.108621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2021] [Revised: 02/03/2022] [Accepted: 02/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
|
6
|
Targeting Interleukin-10 Restores Graft Microvascular Supply and Airway Epithelium in Rejecting Allografts. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23031269. [PMID: 35163192 PMCID: PMC8836023 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23031269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2021] [Revised: 01/09/2022] [Accepted: 01/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Interleukin-10 (IL-10) is a vital regulatory cytokine, which plays a constructive role in maintaining immune tolerance during an alloimmune inflammation. Our previous study highlighted that IL-10 mediated immunosuppression established the immune tolerance phase and thereby modulated both microvascular and epithelial integrity, which affected inflammation-associated graft malfunctioning and sub-epithelial fibrosis in rejecting allografts. Here, we further investigated the reparative effects of IL-10 on microvasculature and epithelium in a mouse model of airway transplantation. To investigate the IL-10 mediated microvascular and epithelial repair, we depleted and reconstituted IL-10, and monitored graft microvasculature, airway epithelium, and associated repair proteins. Our data demonstrated that both untreated control allografts and IL-10 (−) allografts showed a significant early (d6) increase in microvascular leakiness, drop-in tissue oxygenation, blood perfusion, and denuded airway epithelium, which is associated with loss of adhesion protein Fascin-1 and β-catenin on vascular endothelial cells at d10 post-transplantation. However, IL-10 (+) promotes early microvascular and airway epithelial repair, and a proportional increase in endothelial Fascin-1, and β-catenin at d10 post-transplantation. Moreover, airway epithelial cells also express a significantly higher expression of FOXJ1 and β-catenin in syngrafts and IL-10 (+) allografts as compared to IL-10 (−) and untreated controls at d10 post-transplantation. Collectively, these findings demonstrated that IL-10 mediated microvascular and epithelial changes are associated with the expression of FOXJ1, β-catenin, and Fascin-1 proteins on the airway epithelial and vascular endothelial cells, respectively. These findings establish a potential reparative modulation of IL-10 associated microvascular and epithelial repair, which could provide a vital therapeutic strategy to facilitate graft repair in clinical settings.
Collapse
|
7
|
Ortiz-Espinosa S, Morales X, Senent Y, Alignani D, Tavira B, Macaya I, Ruiz B, Moreno H, Remírez A, Sainz C, Rodriguez-Pena A, Oyarbide A, Ariz M, Andueza MP, Valencia K, Teijeira A, Hoehlig K, Vater A, Rolfe B, Woodruff TM, Lopez-Picazo JM, Vicent S, Kochan G, Escors D, Gil-Bazo I, Perez-Gracia JL, Montuenga LM, Lambris JD, Ortiz de Solorzano C, Lecanda F, Ajona D, Pio R. Complement C5a induces the formation of neutrophil extracellular traps by myeloid-derived suppressor cells to promote metastasis. Cancer Lett 2021; 529:70-84. [PMID: 34971753 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2021.12.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2021] [Revised: 12/22/2021] [Accepted: 12/24/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) play a major role in cancer progression. In this study, we investigated the mechanisms by which complement C5a increases the capacity of polymorphonuclear MDSCs (PMN-MDSCs) to promote tumor growth and metastatic spread. Stimulation of PMN-MDSCs with C5a favored the invasion of cancer cells via a process dependent on the formation of neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs). NETosis was dependent on the production of high mobility group box 1 (HMGB1) by cancer cells. Moreover, C5a induced the surface expression of the HMGB1 receptors TLR4 and RAGE in PMN-MDSCs. In a mouse lung metastasis model, inhibition of C5a, C5a receptor-1 (C5aR1) or NETosis reduced the number of circulating-tumor cells (CTCs) and the metastatic burden. In support of the translational relevance of these findings, C5a was able to stimulate migration and NETosis in PMN-MDSCs obtained from lung cancer patients. Furthermore, myeloperoxidase (MPO)-DNA complexes, as markers of NETosis, were elevated in lung cancer patients and significantly correlated with C5a levels. In conclusion, C5a induces the formation of NETs from PMN-MDSCs in the presence of cancer cells, which may facilitate cancer cell dissemination and metastasis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sergio Ortiz-Espinosa
- Program in Solid Tumors, Cima-University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain; Department of Biochemistry and Genetics, School of Sciences, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain; Navarra's Health Research Institute (IDISNA), Pamplona, Spain
| | - Xabier Morales
- Program in Solid Tumors, Cima-University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain; Navarra's Health Research Institute (IDISNA), Pamplona, Spain; Imaging Platform, CIMA, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Yaiza Senent
- Program in Solid Tumors, Cima-University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain; Department of Biochemistry and Genetics, School of Sciences, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain; Navarra's Health Research Institute (IDISNA), Pamplona, Spain
| | - Diego Alignani
- Navarra's Health Research Institute (IDISNA), Pamplona, Spain; Cytometry Unit, Cima-University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Cáncer (CIBERONC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Beatriz Tavira
- Program in Solid Tumors, Cima-University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain; Navarra's Health Research Institute (IDISNA), Pamplona, Spain
| | - Irati Macaya
- Program in Solid Tumors, Cima-University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Borja Ruiz
- Program in Solid Tumors, Cima-University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Haritz Moreno
- Program in Solid Tumors, Cima-University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Ana Remírez
- Program in Solid Tumors, Cima-University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain; Navarra's Health Research Institute (IDISNA), Pamplona, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Cáncer (CIBERONC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Cristina Sainz
- Program in Solid Tumors, Cima-University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain; Navarra's Health Research Institute (IDISNA), Pamplona, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Cáncer (CIBERONC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Alejandro Rodriguez-Pena
- Program in Solid Tumors, Cima-University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain; Navarra's Health Research Institute (IDISNA), Pamplona, Spain; Imaging Platform, CIMA, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Alvaro Oyarbide
- Program in Solid Tumors, Cima-University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain; Navarra's Health Research Institute (IDISNA), Pamplona, Spain; Imaging Platform, CIMA, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Mikel Ariz
- Program in Solid Tumors, Cima-University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain; Navarra's Health Research Institute (IDISNA), Pamplona, Spain; Imaging Platform, CIMA, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Maria P Andueza
- Department of Oncology, Clínica Universidad de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Karmele Valencia
- Program in Solid Tumors, Cima-University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain; Department of Biochemistry and Genetics, School of Sciences, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain; Navarra's Health Research Institute (IDISNA), Pamplona, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Cáncer (CIBERONC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Alvaro Teijeira
- Program in Immunology and Immunotherapy, Cima-University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
| | | | | | - Barbara Rolfe
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Queensland, Queensland, Australia
| | - Trent M Woodruff
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Queensland, Queensland, Australia
| | - Jose Maria Lopez-Picazo
- Navarra's Health Research Institute (IDISNA), Pamplona, Spain; Department of Oncology, Clínica Universidad de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Silvestre Vicent
- Program in Solid Tumors, Cima-University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain; Navarra's Health Research Institute (IDISNA), Pamplona, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Cáncer (CIBERONC), Madrid, Spain; Department of Pathology, Anatomy and Physiology, School of Medicine, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Grazyna Kochan
- Navarra's Health Research Institute (IDISNA), Pamplona, Spain; Immunomodulation Group, Navarrabiomed-Biomedical Research Center, Pamplona, Spain
| | - David Escors
- Navarra's Health Research Institute (IDISNA), Pamplona, Spain; Immunomodulation Group, Navarrabiomed-Biomedical Research Center, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Ignacio Gil-Bazo
- Program in Solid Tumors, Cima-University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain; Navarra's Health Research Institute (IDISNA), Pamplona, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Cáncer (CIBERONC), Madrid, Spain; Department of Oncology, Clínica Universidad de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Jose Luis Perez-Gracia
- Navarra's Health Research Institute (IDISNA), Pamplona, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Cáncer (CIBERONC), Madrid, Spain; Department of Oncology, Clínica Universidad de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Luis M Montuenga
- Program in Solid Tumors, Cima-University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain; Navarra's Health Research Institute (IDISNA), Pamplona, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Cáncer (CIBERONC), Madrid, Spain; Department of Pathology, Anatomy and Physiology, School of Medicine, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
| | - John D Lambris
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Carlos Ortiz de Solorzano
- Program in Solid Tumors, Cima-University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain; Navarra's Health Research Institute (IDISNA), Pamplona, Spain; Imaging Platform, CIMA, Pamplona, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Cáncer (CIBERONC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Fernando Lecanda
- Program in Solid Tumors, Cima-University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain; Navarra's Health Research Institute (IDISNA), Pamplona, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Cáncer (CIBERONC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Daniel Ajona
- Program in Solid Tumors, Cima-University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain; Department of Biochemistry and Genetics, School of Sciences, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain; Navarra's Health Research Institute (IDISNA), Pamplona, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Cáncer (CIBERONC), Madrid, Spain.
| | - Ruben Pio
- Program in Solid Tumors, Cima-University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain; Department of Biochemistry and Genetics, School of Sciences, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain; Navarra's Health Research Institute (IDISNA), Pamplona, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Cáncer (CIBERONC), Madrid, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
A study of the mechanisms responsible for the action of new immunosuppressants and their effects on rat small intestinal transplantation. Transpl Immunol 2021; 70:101497. [PMID: 34785307 DOI: 10.1016/j.trim.2021.101497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2021] [Revised: 11/08/2021] [Accepted: 11/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
In a series of studies, using an identical rat intestinal transplantation model, we evaluated the effects of several drugs. FK-506 caused a significant attenuation in the proliferation of allogeneic CD4+ T cells and IFN-γ secreting effector functions. FYT720 resulted in a marked reduction in the numbers of lymphocytes, associated with a reduction of T cell recruitment, in grafts. An anti-MAdCAM antibody was next reported to significantly down-regulate CD4+ T cell infiltration in intestinal grafts by blocking the adhesion molecule, and could be useful as an induction therapy. Concerning TAK-779, this CCR5 and CXCR3 antagonist diminished the number of graft-infiltrating cells by suppressing the expression of their receptors in the graft. As a result, it reduced the total number of recipient T cells involved in graft rejection. As the next step, we focused on the participation of monocytes/ macrophages in this field. PQA-18 has been the focus of a novel immunosuppressant that attenuates not only the production of various cytokines, such as IL-2 & TNF-α, on T cells, but the differentiation of macrophages by inhibiting PAK2 as well. In this report, we summarize our previous studies not only regarding the above drugs, but on an anti-complement drug and a JAK inhibitor as well.
Collapse
|
9
|
Khan MA, Ashoor GA, Shamma T, Alanazi F, Altuhami A, Kazmi S, Ahmed HA, Mohammed Assiri A, Clemens Broering D. IL-10 Mediated Immunomodulation Limits Subepithelial Fibrosis and Repairs Airway Epithelium in Rejecting Airway Allografts. Cells 2021; 10:1248. [PMID: 34069395 PMCID: PMC8158696 DOI: 10.3390/cells10051248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2021] [Revised: 04/01/2021] [Accepted: 04/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Interleukin-10 plays a vital role in maintaining peripheral immunotolerance and favors a regulatory immune milieu through the suppression of T effector cells. Inflammation-induced microvascular loss has been associated with airway epithelial injury, which is a key pathological source of graft malfunctioning and subepithelial fibrosis in rejecting allografts. The regulatory immune phase maneuvers alloimmune inflammation through various regulatory modulators, and thereby promotes graft microvascular repair and suppresses the progression of fibrosis after transplantation. The present study was designed to investigate the therapeutic impact of IL-10 on immunotolerance, in particular, the reparative microenvironment, which negates airway epithelial injury, and fibrosis in a mouse model of airway graft rejection. Here, we depleted and reconstituted IL-10, and serially monitored the phase of immunotolerance, graft microvasculature, inflammatory cytokines, airway epithelium, and subepithelial collagen in rejecting airway transplants. We demonstrated that the IL-10 depletion suppresses FOXP3+ Tregs, tumor necrosis factor-inducible gene 6 protein (TSG-6), graft microvasculature, and establishes a pro-inflammatory phase, which augments airway epithelial injury and subepithelial collagen deposition while the IL-10 reconstitution facilitates FOXP3+ Tregs, TSG-6 deposition, graft microvasculature, and thereby favors airway epithelial repair and subepithelial collagen suppression. These findings establish a potential reparative modulation of IL-10-associated immunotolerance on microvascular, epithelial, and fibrotic remodeling, which could provide a vital therapeutic option to rescue rejecting transplants in clinical settings.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Afzal Khan
- Organ Transplant Centre of Excellence, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre, Riyadh 12713, Saudi Arabia; (T.S.); (F.A.); (A.A.); (S.K.); (D.C.B.)
| | | | - Talal Shamma
- Organ Transplant Centre of Excellence, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre, Riyadh 12713, Saudi Arabia; (T.S.); (F.A.); (A.A.); (S.K.); (D.C.B.)
| | - Fatimah Alanazi
- Organ Transplant Centre of Excellence, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre, Riyadh 12713, Saudi Arabia; (T.S.); (F.A.); (A.A.); (S.K.); (D.C.B.)
| | - Abdullah Altuhami
- Organ Transplant Centre of Excellence, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre, Riyadh 12713, Saudi Arabia; (T.S.); (F.A.); (A.A.); (S.K.); (D.C.B.)
| | - Shadab Kazmi
- Organ Transplant Centre of Excellence, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre, Riyadh 12713, Saudi Arabia; (T.S.); (F.A.); (A.A.); (S.K.); (D.C.B.)
| | - Hala Abdalrahman Ahmed
- Comparative Medicine Department, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre, Riyadh 12713, Saudi Arabia; (H.A.A.); (A.M.A.)
| | - Abdullah Mohammed Assiri
- Comparative Medicine Department, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre, Riyadh 12713, Saudi Arabia; (H.A.A.); (A.M.A.)
- College of Medicine, Alfaisal University, Riyadh 11533, Saudi Arabia
| | - Dieter Clemens Broering
- Organ Transplant Centre of Excellence, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre, Riyadh 12713, Saudi Arabia; (T.S.); (F.A.); (A.A.); (S.K.); (D.C.B.)
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Khan MA. Regulatory T cells mediated immunomodulation during asthma: a therapeutic standpoint. J Transl Med 2020; 18:456. [PMID: 33267824 PMCID: PMC7713035 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-020-02632-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2020] [Accepted: 08/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Asthma is an inflammatory disease of the lung airway network, which is initiated and perpetuated by allergen-specific CD4+ T cells, IgE antibodies, and a massive release of Th2 cytokines. The most common clinical manifestations of asthma progression include airway inflammation, pathological airway tissue and microvascular remodeling, which leads to airway hyperresponsiveness (AHR), and reversible airway obstruction. In addition to inflammatory cells, a tiny population of Regulatory T cells (Tregs) control immune homeostasis, suppress allergic responses, and participate in the resolution of inflammation-associated tissue injuries. Preclinical and clinical studies have demonstrated a tremendous therapeutic potential of Tregs in allergic airway disease, which plays a crucial role in immunosuppression, and rejuvenation of inflamed airways. These findings supported to harness the immunotherapeutic potential of Tregs to suppress airway inflammation and airway microvascular reestablishment during the progression of the asthma disease. This review addresses the therapeutic impact of Tregs and how Treg mediated immunomodulation plays a vital role in subduing the development of airway inflammation, and associated airway remodeling during the onset of disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Afzal Khan
- Organ Transplant Research Section, Comparative Medicine Department, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Khan MA, Shamma T, Kazmi S, Altuhami A, Ahmed HA, Assiri AM, Broering DC. Hypoxia-induced complement dysregulation is associated with microvascular impairments in mouse tracheal transplants. J Transl Med 2020; 18:147. [PMID: 32234039 PMCID: PMC7110829 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-020-02305-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2019] [Accepted: 03/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Complement Regulatory Proteins (CRPs), especially CD55 primarily negate complement factor 3-mediated injuries and maintain tissue homeostasis during complement cascade activation. Complement activation and regulation during alloimmune inflammation contribute to allograft injury and therefore we proposed to investigate a crucial pathological link between vascular expression of CD55, active-C3, T cell immunity and associated microvascular tissue injuries during allograft rejection. METHODS Balb/c→C57BL/6 allografts were examined for microvascular deposition of CD55, C3d, T cells, and associated tissue microvascular impairments during rejection in mouse orthotopic tracheal transplantation. RESULTS Our findings demonstrated that hypoxia-induced early activation of HIF-1α favors a cell-mediated inflammation (CD4+, CD8+, and associated proinflammatory cytokines, IL-2 and TNF-α), which proportionally triggers the downregulation of CRP-CD55, and thereby augments the uncontrolled release of active-C3, and Caspase-3 deposition on CD31+ graft vascular endothelial cells. These molecular changes are pathologically associated with microvascular deterioration (low tissue O2 and Blood flow) and subsequent airway epithelial injuries of rejecting allografts as compared to non-rejecting syngrafts. CONCLUSION Together, these findings establish a pathological correlation between complement dysregulation, T cell immunity, and microvascular associated injuries during alloimmune inflammation in transplantation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Afzal Khan
- Organ Transplant Research Section, Comparative Medicine Department, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.
| | - Talal Shamma
- Organ Transplant Research Section, Comparative Medicine Department, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Shadab Kazmi
- Organ Transplant Research Section, Comparative Medicine Department, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdullah Altuhami
- Organ Transplant Research Section, Comparative Medicine Department, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Hala Abdalrahman Ahmed
- Comparative Medicine Department, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdullah Mohammed Assiri
- Comparative Medicine Department, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.,College of Medicine, Alfaisal University, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.,Institute for Research and Medical Consultations, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Dieter Clemens Broering
- Organ Transplant Research Section, Comparative Medicine Department, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Khan MA, Alanazi F, Ahmed HA, Shamma T, Kelly K, Hammad MA, Alawad AO, Assiri AM, Broering DC. iPSC-derived MSC therapy induces immune tolerance and supports long-term graft survival in mouse orthotopic tracheal transplants. Stem Cell Res Ther 2019; 10:290. [PMID: 31547869 PMCID: PMC6757436 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-019-1397-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2019] [Revised: 07/16/2019] [Accepted: 08/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Lung transplantation is a life-saving surgical replacement of diseased lungs in patients with end-stage respiratory malfunctions. Despite remarkable short-term recovery, long-term lung survival continues to face several major challenges, including chronic rejection and severe toxic side effects due to global immunosuppression. Stem cell-based immunotherapy has been recognized as a crucial immunoregulatory regimen in various preclinical and clinical studies. Despite initial therapeutic outcomes, conventional stem cells face key limitations. The novel Cymerus™ manufacturing facilitates production of a virtually limitless supply of consistent human induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC)-derived mesenchymal stem cells, which could play a key role in selective immunosuppression and graft repair during rejection. Methods Here, we demonstrated the impact of iPSC-derived human MSCs on the development of immune tolerance and long-term graft survival in mouse orthotopic airway allografts. BALB/c → C57BL/6 allografts were reconstituted with iPSC-derived MSCs (2 million/transplant/at d0), and allografts were examined for regulatory T cells (Tregs), oxygenation, microvascular blood flow, airway epithelium, and collagen deposition during rejection. Results We demonstrated that iPSC-derived MSC treatment leads to significant increases in hTSG-6 protein, followed by an upregulation of mouse Tregs and IL-5, IL-10, and IL-15 cytokines, which augments graft microvascular blood flow and oxygenation, and thereby maintained a healthy airway epithelium and prevented the subepithelial deposition of collagen at d90 post transplantation. Conclusions Collectively, these data confirmed that iPSC-derived MSC-mediated immunosuppression has potential to establish immune tolerance and rescue allograft from sustained hypoxic/ischemic phase, and subsequently limits long-term airway epithelial injury and collagen progression, which therapeutically warrant a study of Cymerus iPSC-derived MSCs as a potential management option for immunosuppression in transplant recipients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Afzal Khan
- Organ Transplant Research Section, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.
| | - Fatimah Alanazi
- Organ Transplant Research Section, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Hala Abdalrahman Ahmed
- Comparative Medicine Department, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Talal Shamma
- Organ Transplant Research Section, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Kilian Kelly
- Cynata Therapeutics Limited, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Mohamed A Hammad
- National Center for Stem Cell Technology, King Abdulaziz City for Science and Technology, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdullah O Alawad
- National Center for Stem Cell Technology, King Abdulaziz City for Science and Technology, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdullah Mohammed Assiri
- Comparative Medicine Department, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.,College of Medicine, Alfaisal University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.,Institute for Research and Medical Consultations, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, Saudi Arabia
| | - Dieter Clemens Broering
- Organ Transplant Research Section, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Khan MA, Shamma T. Complement factor and T-cell interactions during alloimmune inflammation in transplantation. J Leukoc Biol 2018; 105:681-694. [PMID: 30536904 DOI: 10.1002/jlb.5ru0718-288r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2018] [Revised: 10/25/2018] [Accepted: 11/21/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Complement factor and T-cell signaling during an effective alloimmune response plays a key role in transplant-associated injury, which leads to the progression of chronic rejection (CR). During an alloimmune response, activated complement factors (C3a and C5a) bind to their corresponding receptors (C3aR and C5aR) on a number of lymphocytes, including T-regulatory cells (Tregs), and these cell-molecular interactions have been vital to modulate an effective immune response to/from Th1-effector cell and Treg activities, which result in massive inflammation, microvascular impairments, and fibrotic remodeling. Involvement of the complement-mediated cell signaling during transplantation signifies a crucial role of complement components as a key therapeutic switch to regulate ongoing inflammatory state, and further to avoid the progression of CR of the transplanted organ. This review highlights the role of complement-T cell interactions, and how these interactions shunt the effector immune response during alloimmune inflammation in transplantation, which could be a novel therapeutic tool to protect a transplanted organ and avoid progression of CR.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Afzal Khan
- Organ Transplant Research Section, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Talal Shamma
- Organ Transplant Research Section, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| |
Collapse
|