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Bernstein ZJ, Shenoy A, Chen A, Heller NM, Spangler JB. Engineering the IL-4/IL-13 axis for targeted immune modulation. Immunol Rev 2023; 320:29-57. [PMID: 37283511 DOI: 10.1111/imr.13230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2023] [Accepted: 05/19/2023] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The structurally and functionally related interleukin-4 (IL-4) and IL-13 cytokines play pivotal roles in shaping immune activity. The IL-4/IL-13 axis is best known for its critical role in T helper 2 (Th2) cell-mediated Type 2 inflammation, which protects the host from large multicellular pathogens, such as parasitic helminth worms, and regulates immune responses to allergens. In addition, IL-4 and IL-13 stimulate a wide range of innate and adaptive immune cells, as well as non-hematopoietic cells, to coordinate various functions, including immune regulation, antibody production, and fibrosis. Due to its importance for a broad spectrum of physiological activities, the IL-4/IL-13 network has been targeted through a variety of molecular engineering and synthetic biology approaches to modulate immune behavior and develop novel therapeutics. Here, we review ongoing efforts to manipulate the IL-4/IL-13 axis, including cytokine engineering strategies, formulation of fusion proteins, antagonist development, cell engineering approaches, and biosensor design. We discuss how these strategies have been employed to dissect IL-4 and IL-13 pathways, as well as to discover new immunotherapies targeting allergy, autoimmune diseases, and cancer. Looking ahead, emerging bioengineering tools promise to continue advancing fundamental understanding of IL-4/IL-13 biology and enabling researchers to exploit these insights to develop effective interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zachary J Bernstein
- Translational Tissue Engineering Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Anjali Shenoy
- Translational Tissue Engineering Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Amy Chen
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Nicola M Heller
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
- Division of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Johns Hopkins University, School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, The Johns Hopkins University Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Jamie B Spangler
- Translational Tissue Engineering Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, The Johns Hopkins University Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
- Department of Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
- Bloomberg Kimmel Institute for Cancer Immunotherapy, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
- Department of Oncology, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
- Sidney Kimmel Cancer Center, The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
- Department of Ophthalmology, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
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2
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Pozzi G, Carubbi C, Cerreto GM, Scacchi C, Cortellazzi S, Vitale M, Masselli E. Functionally Relevant Cytokine/Receptor Axes in Myelofibrosis. Biomedicines 2023; 11:2462. [PMID: 37760903 PMCID: PMC10525259 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11092462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2023] [Revised: 08/29/2023] [Accepted: 09/01/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Dysregulated inflammatory signaling is a key feature of myeloproliferative neoplasms (MPNs), most notably of myelofibrosis (MF). Indeed, MF is considered the prototype of onco-inflammatory hematologic cancers. While increased levels of circulatory and bone marrow cytokines are a well-established feature of all MPNs, a very recent body of literature is intriguingly pinpointing the selective overexpression of cytokine receptors by MF hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells (HSPCs), which, by contrast, are nearly absent or scarcely expressed in essential thrombocythemia (ET) or polycythemia vera (PV) cells. This new evidence suggests that MF CD34+ cells are uniquely capable of sensing inflammation, and that activation of specific cytokine signaling axes may contribute to the peculiar aggressive phenotype and biological behavior of this disorder. In this review, we will cover the main cytokine systems peculiarly activated in MF and how cytokine receptor targeting is shaping a novel therapeutic avenue in this disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giulia Pozzi
- Anatomy Unit, Department of Medicine & Surgery (DiMeC), University of Parma, 43126 Parma, Italy
| | - Cecilia Carubbi
- Anatomy Unit, Department of Medicine & Surgery (DiMeC), University of Parma, 43126 Parma, Italy
| | - Giacomo Maria Cerreto
- Anatomy Unit, Department of Medicine & Surgery (DiMeC), University of Parma, 43126 Parma, Italy
| | - Chiara Scacchi
- Anatomy Unit, Department of Medicine & Surgery (DiMeC), University of Parma, 43126 Parma, Italy
| | - Samuele Cortellazzi
- Anatomy Unit, Department of Medicine & Surgery (DiMeC), University of Parma, 43126 Parma, Italy
| | - Marco Vitale
- Anatomy Unit, Department of Medicine & Surgery (DiMeC), University of Parma, 43126 Parma, Italy
- University Hospital of Parma, AOU-PR, 43126 Parma, Italy
| | - Elena Masselli
- Anatomy Unit, Department of Medicine & Surgery (DiMeC), University of Parma, 43126 Parma, Italy
- University Hospital of Parma, AOU-PR, 43126 Parma, Italy
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3
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Ghorbani P, Kim SY, Smith TKT, Minarrieta L, Robert-Gostlin V, Kilgour MK, Ilijevska M, Alecu I, Snider SA, Margison KD, Nunes JRC, Woo D, Pember C, O’Dwyer C, Ouellette J, Kotchetkov P, St-Pierre J, Bennett SAL, Lacoste B, Blais A, Nair MG, Fullerton MD. Choline metabolism underpins macrophage IL-4 polarization and RELMα up-regulation in helminth infection. PLoS Pathog 2023; 19:e1011658. [PMID: 37747879 PMCID: PMC10553840 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1011658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2022] [Revised: 10/05/2023] [Accepted: 09/05/2023] [Indexed: 09/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Type 2 cytokines like IL-4 are hallmarks of helminth infection and activate macrophages to limit immunopathology and mediate helminth clearance. In addition to cytokines, nutrients and metabolites critically influence macrophage polarization. Choline is an essential nutrient known to support normal macrophage responses to lipopolysaccharide; however, its function in macrophages polarized by type 2 cytokines is unknown. Using murine IL-4-polarized macrophages, targeted lipidomics revealed significantly elevated levels of phosphatidylcholine, with select changes to other choline-containing lipid species. These changes were supported by the coordinated up-regulation of choline transport compared to naïve macrophages. Pharmacological inhibition of choline metabolism significantly suppressed several mitochondrial transcripts and dramatically inhibited select IL-4-responsive transcripts, most notably, Retnla. We further confirmed that blocking choline metabolism diminished IL-4-induced RELMα (encoded by Retnla) protein content and secretion and caused a dramatic reprogramming toward glycolytic metabolism. To better understand the physiological implications of these observations, naïve or mice infected with the intestinal helminth Heligmosomoides polygyrus were treated with the choline kinase α inhibitor, RSM-932A, to limit choline metabolism in vivo. Pharmacological inhibition of choline metabolism lowered RELMα expression across cell-types and tissues and led to the disappearance of peritoneal macrophages and B-1 lymphocytes and an influx of infiltrating monocytes. The impaired macrophage activation was associated with some loss in optimal immunity to H. polygyrus, with increased egg burden. Together, these data demonstrate that choline metabolism is required for macrophage RELMα induction, metabolic programming, and peritoneal immune homeostasis, which could have important implications in the context of other models of infection or cancer immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peyman Ghorbani
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
- Centre for Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
- Ottawa Institute of Systems Biology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Sang Yong Kim
- Division of Biomedical Sciences, School of Medicine, University of California Riverside, Riverside, California, United States of America
| | - Tyler K. T. Smith
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
- Centre for Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
- Ottawa Institute of Systems Biology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Lucía Minarrieta
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
- Centre for Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
- Ottawa Institute of Systems Biology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Victoria Robert-Gostlin
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
- Centre for Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
- Ottawa Institute of Systems Biology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Marisa K. Kilgour
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
- Centre for Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Maja Ilijevska
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
- Centre for Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Irina Alecu
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
- Centre for Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
- Ottawa Institute of Systems Biology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Shayne A. Snider
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Kaitlyn D. Margison
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Julia R. C. Nunes
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
- Centre for Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
- Ottawa Institute of Systems Biology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Daniel Woo
- Division of Biomedical Sciences, School of Medicine, University of California Riverside, Riverside, California, United States of America
| | - Ciara Pember
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
- Centre for Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Conor O’Dwyer
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
- Centre for Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
- Ottawa Institute of Systems Biology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Julie Ouellette
- Neuroscience Program, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Pavel Kotchetkov
- Neuroscience Program, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Julie St-Pierre
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
- Centre for Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
- Ottawa Institute of Systems Biology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Steffany A. L. Bennett
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
- Centre for Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
- Ottawa Institute of Systems Biology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
- Centre for Catalysis Research and Innovation, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
- University of Ottawa Brain and Mind Institute, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Baptiste Lacoste
- Neuroscience Program, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
- University of Ottawa Brain and Mind Institute, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Alexandre Blais
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
- Centre for Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
- Ottawa Institute of Systems Biology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
- University of Ottawa Brain and Mind Institute, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
- Éric Poulin Centre for Neuromuscular Disease, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Meera G. Nair
- Division of Biomedical Sciences, School of Medicine, University of California Riverside, Riverside, California, United States of America
| | - Morgan D. Fullerton
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
- Centre for Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
- Ottawa Institute of Systems Biology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
- Centre for Catalysis Research and Innovation, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
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Cazzola M, Page CP, Matera MG, Rogliani P, Hanania NA. Revisiting asthma pharmacotherapy: where do we stand and where do we want to go? Eur Respir J 2023; 62:2300700. [PMID: 37474159 DOI: 10.1183/13993003.00700-2023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2023] [Accepted: 06/25/2023] [Indexed: 07/22/2023]
Abstract
Several current guidelines/strategies outline a treatment approach to asthma, which primarily consider the goals of improving lung function and quality of life and reducing symptoms and exacerbations. They suggest a strategy of stepping up or down treatment, depending on the patient's overall current asthma symptom control and future risk of exacerbation. While this stepwise approach is undeniably practical for daily practice, it does not always address the underlying mechanisms of this heterogeneous disease. In the last decade, there have been attempts to improve the treatment of severe asthma, such as the addition of a long-acting antimuscarinic agent to the traditional inhaled corticosteroid/long-acting β2-agonist treatment and the introduction of therapies targeting key cytokines. However, despite such strategies several unmet needs in this population remain, motivating research to identify novel targets and develop improved therapeutic and/or preventative asthma treatments. Pending the availability of such therapies, it is essential to re-evaluate the current conventional "one-size-fits-all" approach to a more precise asthma management. Although challenging, identifying "treatable traits" that contribute to respiratory symptoms in individual patients with asthma may allow a more pragmatic approach to establish more personalised therapeutic goals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mario Cazzola
- Unit of Respiratory Medicine, Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Rome "Tor Vergata", Rome, Italy
| | - Clive P Page
- Sackler Institute of Pulmonary Pharmacology, Institute of Pharmaceutical Science, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Maria Gabriella Matera
- Unit of Pharmacology, Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Naples, Italy
| | - Paola Rogliani
- Unit of Respiratory Medicine, Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Rome "Tor Vergata", Rome, Italy
| | - Nicola A Hanania
- Section of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
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5
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Atre R, Sharma R, Vadim G, Solanki K, Wadhonkar K, Singh N, Patidar P, Khabiya R, Samaur H, Banerjee S, Baig MS. The indispensability of macrophage adaptor proteins in chronic inflammatory diseases. Int Immunopharmacol 2023; 119:110176. [PMID: 37104916 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2023.110176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2023] [Revised: 04/06/2023] [Accepted: 04/08/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023]
Abstract
Adaptor proteins represent key signalling molecules involved in regulating immune responses. The host's innate immune system recognizes pathogens via various surface and intracellular receptors. Adaptor molecules are centrally involved in different receptor-mediated signalling pathways, acting as bridges between the receptors and other molecules. The presence of adaptors in major signalling pathways involved in the pathogenesis of various chronic inflammatory diseases has drawn attention toward the role of these proteins in such diseases. In this review, we summarize the importance and roles of different adaptor molecules in macrophage-mediated signalling in various chronic disease states. We highlight the mechanistic roles of adaptors and how they are involved in protein-protein interactions (PPI) via different domains to carry out signalling. Hence, we also provide insights into how targeting these adaptor proteins can be a good therapeutic strategy against various chronic inflammatory diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajat Atre
- Department of Biosciences and Biomedical Engineering (BSBE), Indian Institute of Technology Indore (IITI), Indore, India
| | - Rahul Sharma
- Department of Biosciences and Biomedical Engineering (BSBE), Indian Institute of Technology Indore (IITI), Indore, India
| | - Gaponenko Vadim
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60607, USA
| | - Kundan Solanki
- Department of Biosciences and Biomedical Engineering (BSBE), Indian Institute of Technology Indore (IITI), Indore, India
| | - Khandu Wadhonkar
- Department of Biosciences and Biomedical Engineering (BSBE), Indian Institute of Technology Indore (IITI), Indore, India
| | - Neha Singh
- Department of Biosciences and Biomedical Engineering (BSBE), Indian Institute of Technology Indore (IITI), Indore, India
| | - Pramod Patidar
- Department of Biosciences and Biomedical Engineering (BSBE), Indian Institute of Technology Indore (IITI), Indore, India
| | - Rakhi Khabiya
- Department of Biosciences and Biomedical Engineering (BSBE), Indian Institute of Technology Indore (IITI), Indore, India; School of Pharmacy, Devi Ahilya Vishwavidyalaya, Indore, India
| | - Harshita Samaur
- Department of Biosciences and Biomedical Engineering (BSBE), Indian Institute of Technology Indore (IITI), Indore, India
| | - Sreeparna Banerjee
- Department of Biological Sciences, Middle East Technical University, Ankara, Turkey.
| | - Mirza S Baig
- Department of Biosciences and Biomedical Engineering (BSBE), Indian Institute of Technology Indore (IITI), Indore, India.
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6
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Wang Z, Yi B, Gan L, Li X, Liu X, Lv Q, Yang L. Expression of IRS2 in the female reproductive system during the estrous cycle in mice. Biotech Histochem 2023; 98:187-192. [PMID: 36472073 DOI: 10.1080/10520295.2022.2153167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Insulin receptor substrate 2 (IRS2) participates in reproduction; however, the location and expression of IRS2 in the reproductive system of female mice is not clear. We used real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), western blot and immunohistochemical staining to investigate the expression of IRS2 in the ovary, oviduct and uterus of female mice during the estrous cycle. We found that IRS2 was expressed in all reproductive organs of mouse and that the expression level changed with the estrous phases. The expression of IRS2 in reproductive organs was greatest during estrus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhongli Wang
- Nursing College, Jiujiang University, Jiujiang, China.,Key Laboratory of System Bio-Medicine of Jiangxi Province, Jiujiang University, Jiujiang, China
| | - Benyi Yi
- Nursing College, Jiujiang University, Jiujiang, China
| | - Lijun Gan
- Nursing College, Jiujiang University, Jiujiang, China
| | - Xiuli Li
- Nursing College, Jiujiang University, Jiujiang, China
| | - Xiuxiu Liu
- Nursing College, Jiujiang University, Jiujiang, China
| | - Qizhuang Lv
- College of Biology & Pharmacy, Yulin Normal University, Yulin, China.,Guangxi Key Laboratory of Agricultural Resources Chemistry and Biotechnology, Yulin, China
| | - Lei Yang
- Key Laboratory of System Bio-Medicine of Jiangxi Province, Jiujiang University, Jiujiang, China
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7
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Bachman JA, Gyori BM, Sorger PK. Automated assembly of molecular mechanisms at scale from text mining and curated databases. Mol Syst Biol 2023; 19:e11325. [PMID: 36938926 PMCID: PMC10167483 DOI: 10.15252/msb.202211325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2022] [Revised: 02/24/2023] [Accepted: 02/27/2023] [Indexed: 03/21/2023] Open
Abstract
The analysis of omic data depends on machine-readable information about protein interactions, modifications, and activities as found in protein interaction networks, databases of post-translational modifications, and curated models of gene and protein function. These resources typically depend heavily on human curation. Natural language processing systems that read the primary literature have the potential to substantially extend knowledge resources while reducing the burden on human curators. However, machine-reading systems are limited by high error rates and commonly generate fragmentary and redundant information. Here, we describe an approach to precisely assemble molecular mechanisms at scale using multiple natural language processing systems and the Integrated Network and Dynamical Reasoning Assembler (INDRA). INDRA identifies full and partial overlaps in information extracted from published papers and pathway databases, uses predictive models to improve the reliability of machine reading, and thereby assembles individual pieces of information into non-redundant and broadly usable mechanistic knowledge. Using INDRA to create high-quality corpora of causal knowledge we show it is possible to extend protein-protein interaction databases and explain co-dependencies in the Cancer Dependency Map.
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Affiliation(s)
- John A Bachman
- Laboratory of Systems Pharmacology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Benjamin M Gyori
- Laboratory of Systems Pharmacology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Peter K Sorger
- Laboratory of Systems Pharmacology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.,Department of Systems Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
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8
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Varricchi G, Ferri S, Pepys J, Poto R, Spadaro G, Nappi E, Paoletti G, Virchow JC, Heffler E, Canonica WG. Biologics and airway remodeling in severe asthma. Allergy 2022; 77:3538-3552. [PMID: 35950646 PMCID: PMC10087445 DOI: 10.1111/all.15473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 32.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2022] [Revised: 08/03/2022] [Accepted: 08/05/2022] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Asthma is a chronic inflammatory airway disease resulting in airflow obstruction, which in part can become irreversible to conventional therapies, defining the concept of airway remodeling. The introduction of biologics in severe asthma has led in some patients to the complete normalization of previously considered irreversible airflow obstruction. This highlights the need to distinguish a "fixed" airflow obstruction due to structural changes unresponsive to current therapies, from a "reversible" one as demonstrated by lung function normalization during biological therapies not previously obtained even with high-dose systemic glucocorticoids. The mechanisms by which exposure to environmental factors initiates the inflammatory responses that trigger airway remodeling are still incompletely understood. Alarmins represent epithelial-derived cytokines that initiate immunologic events leading to inflammatory airway remodeling. Biological therapies can improve airflow obstruction by addressing these airway inflammatory changes. In addition, biologics might prevent and possibly even revert "fixed" remodeling due to structural changes. Hence, it appears clinically important to separate the therapeutic effects (early and late) of biologics as a new paradigm to evaluate the effects of these drugs and future treatments on airway remodeling in severe asthma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gilda Varricchi
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy.,Center for Basic and Clinical Immunology Research (CISI), University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy.,World Allergy Organization (WAO) Center of Excellence, Naples, Italy.,Institute of Experimental Endocrinology and Oncology (IEOS), National Research Council, Naples, Italy
| | - Sebastian Ferri
- Personalized Medicine Asthma and Allergy Unit - IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Milan, Italy
| | - Jack Pepys
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Humanitas University, Milan, Italy
| | - Remo Poto
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy.,Center for Basic and Clinical Immunology Research (CISI), University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy.,World Allergy Organization (WAO) Center of Excellence, Naples, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Spadaro
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy.,Center for Basic and Clinical Immunology Research (CISI), University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy.,World Allergy Organization (WAO) Center of Excellence, Naples, Italy
| | - Emanuele Nappi
- Personalized Medicine Asthma and Allergy Unit - IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Milan, Italy.,Department of Biomedical Sciences, Humanitas University, Milan, Italy
| | - Giovanni Paoletti
- Personalized Medicine Asthma and Allergy Unit - IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Milan, Italy.,Department of Biomedical Sciences, Humanitas University, Milan, Italy
| | | | - Enrico Heffler
- Personalized Medicine Asthma and Allergy Unit - IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Milan, Italy.,Department of Biomedical Sciences, Humanitas University, Milan, Italy
| | - Walter G Canonica
- Personalized Medicine Asthma and Allergy Unit - IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Milan, Italy.,Department of Biomedical Sciences, Humanitas University, Milan, Italy
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9
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Mori KM, McElroy JP, Weng DY, Chung S, Fadda P, Reisinger SA, Ying KL, Brasky TM, Wewers MD, Freudenheim JL, Shields PG, Song MA. Lung mitochondrial DNA copy number, inflammatory biomarkers, gene transcription and gene methylation in vapers and smokers. EBioMedicine 2022; 85:104301. [PMID: 36215783 PMCID: PMC9561685 DOI: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2022.104301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2022] [Revised: 08/31/2022] [Accepted: 09/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mitochondrial DNA copy number (mtCN) maintains cellular function and homeostasis, and is linked to nuclear DNA methylation and gene expression. Increased mtCN in the blood is associated with smoking and respiratory disease, but has received little attention for target organ effects for smoking or electronic cigarette (EC) use. METHODS Bronchoscopy biospecimens from healthy EC users, smokers (SM), and never-smokers (NS) were assessed for associations of mtCN with mtDNA point mutations, immune responses, nuclear DNA methylation and gene expression using linear regression. Ingenuity pathway analysis was used for enriched pathways. GEO and TCGA respiratory disease datasets were used to explore the involvement of mtCN-associated signatures. FINDINGS mtCN was higher in SM than NS, but EC was not statistically different from either. Overall there was a negative association of mtCN with a point mutation in the D-loop but no difference within groups. Positive associations of mtCN with IL-2 and IL-4 were found in EC only. mtCN was significantly associated with 71,487 CpGs and 321 transcripts. 263 CpGs were correlated with nearby transcripts for genes enriched in the immune system. EC-specific mtCN-associated-CpGs and genes were differentially expressed in respiratory diseases compared to controls, including genes involved in cellular movement, inflammation, metabolism, and airway hyperresponsiveness. INTERPRETATION Smoking may elicit a lung toxic effect through mtCN. While the impact of EC is less clear, EC-specific associations of mtCN with nuclear biomarkers suggest exposure may not be harmless. Further research is needed to understand the role of smoking and EC-related mtCN on lung disease risks. FUNDING The National Cancer Institute, the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, the Food and Drug Administration Center for Tobacco Products, the National Center For Advancing Translational Sciences, and Pelotonia Intramural Research Funds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kellie M Mori
- Division of Environmental Health Sciences, College of Public Health, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States
| | - Joseph P McElroy
- Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University and James Cancer Hospital, Columbus, OH, United States
| | - Daniel Y Weng
- Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University and James Cancer Hospital, Columbus, OH, United States
| | - Sangwoon Chung
- Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States
| | - Paolo Fadda
- Genomics Shared Resource, The Ohio State University and James Cancer Hospital, Columbus, OH, United States
| | - Sarah A Reisinger
- Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University and James Cancer Hospital, Columbus, OH, United States
| | - Kevin L Ying
- Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University and James Cancer Hospital, Columbus, OH, United States
| | - Theodore M Brasky
- Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University and James Cancer Hospital, Columbus, OH, United States
| | - Mark D Wewers
- Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States
| | - Jo L Freudenheim
- Department of Epidemiology and Environmental Health, School of Public Health and Health Professions, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, United States
| | - Peter G Shields
- Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University and James Cancer Hospital, Columbus, OH, United States.
| | - Min-Ae Song
- Division of Environmental Health Sciences, College of Public Health, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States.
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10
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Bakhshian Nik A, Alvarez-Argote S, O'Meara CC. Interleukin 4/13 signaling in cardiac regeneration and repair. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2022; 323:H833-H844. [PMID: 36149768 PMCID: PMC9602781 DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.00310.2022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2022] [Revised: 09/13/2022] [Accepted: 09/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Interleukin 4 (IL4) and interleukin 13 (IL13) are closely related cytokines that have been classically attributed to type II immunity, namely, differentiation of T-helper 2 (TH2) cells and alternative activation of macrophages. Although the role of IL4/13 has been well described in various contexts such as defense against helminth parasites, pathogenesis of allergic disease, and several models of wound healing, relatively little is known about the role of IL4/13 in the heart following injury. Emerging literature has identified various roles for IL4/13 in animal models of cardiac regeneration as well as in the adult mammalian heart following myocardial injury. Notably, although IL4 and IL13 signal to hematopoietic cell types following myocardial infarction (MI) to promote wound healing phenotypes, there is substantial evidence that these cytokines can signal directly to non-hematopoietic cell types in the heart during development, homeostasis, and following injury. Comprehensive understanding of the molecular and cellular actions of IL4/13 in the heart is still lacking, but overall evidence to date suggests that activation of these cytokines results in beneficial outcomes with respect to cardiac repair. Here, we aim to comprehensively review the role of IL4 and IL13 and their prospective mechanisms in cardiac regeneration and repair.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amirala Bakhshian Nik
- Department of Physiology, Cardiovascular Center, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin
| | - Santiago Alvarez-Argote
- Department of Physiology, Cardiovascular Center, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin
| | - Caitlin C O'Meara
- Department of Physiology, Cardiovascular Center, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin
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11
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Burchett JR, Dailey JM, Kee SA, Pryor DT, Kotha A, Kankaria RA, Straus DB, Ryan JJ. Targeting Mast Cells in Allergic Disease: Current Therapies and Drug Repurposing. Cells 2022; 11:3031. [PMID: 36230993 PMCID: PMC9564111 DOI: 10.3390/cells11193031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2022] [Revised: 08/31/2022] [Accepted: 09/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The incidence of allergic disease has grown tremendously in the past three generations. While current treatments are effective for some, there is considerable unmet need. Mast cells are critical effectors of allergic inflammation. Their secreted mediators and the receptors for these mediators have long been the target of allergy therapy. Recent drugs have moved a step earlier in mast cell activation, blocking IgE, IL-4, and IL-13 interactions with their receptors. In this review, we summarize the latest therapies targeting mast cells as well as new drugs in clinical trials. In addition, we offer support for repurposing FDA-approved drugs to target mast cells in new ways. With a multitude of highly selective drugs available for cancer, autoimmunity, and metabolic disorders, drug repurposing offers optimism for the future of allergy therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - John J. Ryan
- Department of Biology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23284, USA
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12
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Tan D, Yin W, Guan F, Zeng W, Lee P, Candotti F, James LK, Saraiva Camara NO, Haeryfar SM, Chen Y, Benlagha K, Shi LZ, Lei J, Gong Q, Liu Z, Liu C. B cell-T cell interplay in immune regulation: A focus on follicular regulatory T and regulatory B cell functions. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 10:991840. [PMID: 36211467 PMCID: PMC9537379 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2022.991840] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2022] [Accepted: 08/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
B cells are the core components of humoral immunity. A mature B cell can serve in multiple capacities, including antibody production, antigen presentation, and regulatory functions. Forkhead box P3 (FoxP3)-expressing regulatory T cells (Tregs) are key players in sustaining immune tolerance and keeping inflammation in check. Mounting evidence suggests complex communications between B cells and Tregs. In this review, we summarize the yin-yang regulatory relationships between B cells and Tregs mainly from the perspectives of T follicular regulatory (Tfr) cells and regulatory B cells (Bregs). We discuss the regulatory effects of Tfr cells on B cell proliferation and the germinal center response. Additionally, we review the indispensable role of B cells in ensuring homeostatic Treg survival and describe the function of Bregs in promoting Treg responses. Finally, we introduce a new subset of Tregs, termed Treg-of-B cells, which are induced by B cells, lake the expression of FoxP3 but still own immunomodulatory effects. In this article, we also enumerate a sequence of research from clinical patients and experimental models to clarify the role of Tfr cells in germinal centers and the role of convention B cells and Bregs to Tregs in the context of different diseases. This review offers an updated overview of immunoregulatory networks and unveils potential targets for therapeutic interventions against cancer, autoimmune diseases and allograft rejection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diaoyi Tan
- Department of Pathogen Biology, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science Technology, Wuhan, China
- Department of Urology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Wei Yin
- Wuhan Children’s Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Fei Guan
- Department of Pathogen Biology, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Wanjiang Zeng
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Pamela Lee
- Department of Paediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Fabio Candotti
- Division of Immunology and Allergy, Lausanne University Hospital and University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Louisa K James
- Centre for Immunobiology, Bizard Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Niels Olsen Saraiva Camara
- Department of Immunology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo (USP), São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | | | - Yan Chen
- The Second Department of Pediatrics, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, China
| | - Kamel Benlagha
- Université de Paris, Institut de Recherche Saint-Louis, EMiLy, Paris, France
| | - Lewis Zhichang Shi
- Department of Radiation Oncology University of Alabama at Birmingham School of Medicine (UAB-SOM) UAB Comprehensive Cancer Center, Jinzhou, China
| | - Jiahui Lei
- Department of Pathogen Biology, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Quan Gong
- Clinical Molecular Immunology Center, School of Medicine, Yangtze University, Jinzhou, China
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Yangtze University, Jinzhou, China
| | - Zheng Liu
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- *Correspondence: Zheng Liu, ; Chaohong Liu,
| | - Chaohong Liu
- Department of Pathogen Biology, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science Technology, Wuhan, China
- *Correspondence: Zheng Liu, ; Chaohong Liu,
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13
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Jaén M, Martín-Regalado Á, Bartolomé RA, Robles J, Casal JI. Interleukin 13 receptor alpha 2 (IL13Rα2): Expression, signaling pathways and therapeutic applications in cancer. Biochim Biophys Acta Rev Cancer 2022; 1877:188802. [PMID: 36152905 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbcan.2022.188802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2022] [Revised: 09/05/2022] [Accepted: 09/11/2022] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
Abstract
Interleukin 13 receptor alpha 2 (IL13Rα2) is increasingly recognized as a relevant player in cancer invasion and metastasis. Despite being initially considered a decoy receptor for dampening the levels of interleukin 13 (IL-13) in diverse inflammatory conditions, accumulating evidences in the last decades indicate the capacity of IL13Rα2 for mediating IL-13 signaling in cancer cells. The biological reasons behind the expression of this receptor with such extremely high affinity for IL-13 in cancer cells remain unclear. Elevated expression of IL13Rα2 is commonly associated with invasion, late stage and cancer metastasis that results in poor prognosis for glioblastoma, colorectal or breast cancer, among others. The discovery of new mediators and effectors of IL13Rα2 signaling has been critical for deciphering its underlying molecular mechanisms in cancer progression. Still, many questions about the effects of inflammation, the cancer type and the tumor degree in the expression of IL13Rα2 remain largely uncharacterized. Here, we review and discuss the current status of the IL13Rα2 biology in cancer, with particular emphasis in the role of inflammation-driven expression and the regulation of different signaling pathways. As IL13Rα2 implications in cancer continue to grow exponentially, we highlight new targeted therapies recently developed for glioblastoma, colorectal cancer and other IL13Rα2-positive tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Jaén
- Department of Molecular Biomedicine, Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas Margarita Salas, CSIC, Ramiro de Maeztu 9, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Ángela Martín-Regalado
- Department of Molecular Biomedicine, Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas Margarita Salas, CSIC, Ramiro de Maeztu 9, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Rubén A Bartolomé
- Department of Molecular Biomedicine, Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas Margarita Salas, CSIC, Ramiro de Maeztu 9, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Javier Robles
- Department of Molecular Biomedicine, Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas Margarita Salas, CSIC, Ramiro de Maeztu 9, 28040 Madrid, Spain; Protein Alternatives SL, Tres Cantos, Madrid, Spain
| | - J Ignacio Casal
- Department of Molecular Biomedicine, Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas Margarita Salas, CSIC, Ramiro de Maeztu 9, 28040 Madrid, Spain.
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14
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Gorgisen G, Aydin M, Mboma O, Gökyildirim MY, Chao CM. The Role of Insulin Receptor Substrate Proteins in Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia and Asthma: New Potential Perspectives. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms231710113. [PMID: 36077511 PMCID: PMC9456457 DOI: 10.3390/ijms231710113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2022] [Revised: 08/30/2022] [Accepted: 09/01/2022] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Insulin receptor substrates (IRSs) are proteins that are involved in signaling through the insulin receptor (IR) and insulin-like growth factor (IGFR). They can also interact with other receptors including growth factor receptors. Thus, they represent a critical node for the transduction and regulation of multiple signaling pathways in response to extracellular stimuli. In addition, IRSs play a central role in processes such as inflammation, growth, metabolism, and proliferation. Previous studies have highlighted the role of IRS proteins in lung diseases, in particular asthma. Further, the members of the IRS family are the common proteins of the insulin growth factor signaling cascade involved in lung development and disrupted in bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD). However, there is no study focusing on the relationship between IRS proteins and BPD yet. Unfortunately, there is still a significant gap in knowledge in this field. Thus, in this review, we aimed to summarize the current knowledge with the major goal of exploring the possible roles of IRS in BPD and asthma to foster new perspectives for further investigations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gokhan Gorgisen
- Department of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Van Yüzüncü Yil University, Van 65080, Turkey
| | - Malik Aydin
- Laboratory of Experimental Pediatric Pneumology and Allergology, Center for Biomedical Education and Research, School of Life Sciences (ZBAF), Faculty of Health, Witten/Herdecke University, 58455 Witten, Germany
- Center for Child and Adolescent Medicine, Center for Clinical and Translational Research (CCTR), Helios University Hospital Wuppertal, Witten/Herdecke University, 42283 Wuppertal, Germany
| | - Olivier Mboma
- Laboratory of Experimental Pediatric Pneumology and Allergology, Center for Biomedical Education and Research, School of Life Sciences (ZBAF), Faculty of Health, Witten/Herdecke University, 58455 Witten, Germany
- Center for Child and Adolescent Medicine, Center for Clinical and Translational Research (CCTR), Helios University Hospital Wuppertal, Witten/Herdecke University, 42283 Wuppertal, Germany
| | - Mira Y. Gökyildirim
- Department of Pediatrics, University Medical Center Rostock, University of Rostock, 18057 Rostock, Germany
| | - Cho-Ming Chao
- Department of Pediatrics, University Medical Center Rostock, University of Rostock, 18057 Rostock, Germany
- Cardio-Pulmonary Institute (CPI), Universities of Giessen and Marburg Lung Center (UGMLC), Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Justus Liebig University Giessen, 35390 Giessen, Germany
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +49-641-9946735
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15
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Shankar A, McAlees JW, Lewkowich IP. Modulation of IL-4/IL-13 cytokine signaling in the context of allergic disease. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2022; 150:266-276. [PMID: 35934680 PMCID: PMC9371363 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2022.06.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2022] [Revised: 06/17/2022] [Accepted: 06/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Aberrant activation of CD4 TH2 cells and excessive production of TH2 cytokines such as IL-4 and IL-13 have been implicated in the pathogenesis of allergic diseases. Generally, IL-4 and IL-13 utilize Janus kinase (JAK)/signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT) signaling pathways for induction of inflammatory gene expression and the effector functions associated with disease pathology in many allergic diseases. However, it is increasingly clear that JAK/STAT pathways activated by IL-4/IL-13 can themselves be modulated in the presence of other intracellular signaling programs, thereby changing the overall tone and/or magnitude of IL-4/IL-13 signaling. Apart from direct activation of the canonic JAK/STAT pathways, IL-4 and IL-13 also induce proinflammatory gene expression and effector functions through activation of additional signaling cascades. These alternative signaling cascades contribute to several specific aspects of IL-4/IL-13-associated cellular and molecular responses. A more complete understanding of IL-4/IL-13 signaling pathways, including the precise conditions under which noncanonic signaling pathways are activated, and the impact of these pathways on cellular- and host-level responses, will better allow us to design agents that target specific pathologic outcomes or tailor therapies for the treatment of uncommon disease endotypes.
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16
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Macrophages, Low-Grade Inflammation, Insulin Resistance and Hyperinsulinemia: A Mutual Ambiguous Relationship in the Development of Metabolic Diseases. J Clin Med 2022; 11:jcm11154358. [PMID: 35955975 PMCID: PMC9369133 DOI: 10.3390/jcm11154358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2022] [Revised: 07/21/2022] [Accepted: 07/22/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Metabolic derangement with poor glycemic control accompanying overweight and obesity is associated with chronic low-grade inflammation and hyperinsulinemia. Macrophages, which present a very heterogeneous population of cells, play a key role in the maintenance of normal tissue homeostasis, but functional alterations in the resident macrophage pool as well as newly recruited monocyte-derived macrophages are important drivers in the development of low-grade inflammation. While metabolic dysfunction, insulin resistance and tissue damage may trigger or advance pro-inflammatory responses in macrophages, the inflammation itself contributes to the development of insulin resistance and the resulting hyperinsulinemia. Macrophages express insulin receptors whose downstream signaling networks share a number of knots with the signaling pathways of pattern recognition and cytokine receptors, which shape macrophage polarity. The shared knots allow insulin to enhance or attenuate both pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory macrophage responses. This supposedly physiological function may be impaired by hyperinsulinemia or insulin resistance in macrophages. This review discusses the mutual ambiguous relationship of low-grade inflammation, insulin resistance, hyperinsulinemia and the insulin-dependent modulation of macrophage activity with a focus on adipose tissue and liver.
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17
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Michurina S, Stafeev I, Beloglazova I, Zubkova E, Mamontova E, Kopylov A, Shevchenko E, Menshikov M, Parfyonova Y. Regulation of Glucose Transport in Adipocytes by Interleukin-4. J Interferon Cytokine Res 2022; 42:127-136. [PMID: 35298287 DOI: 10.1089/jir.2021.0213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Metabolic abnormalities such as obesity, insulin resistance, and type 2 diabetes mellitus are known to be associated with adipose tissue inflammation and impaired secretion of cytokines. Anti-inflammatory cytokine interleukin-4 (IL-4) was found to promote insulin sensitivity, glucose tolerance, and reduce lipid accumulation in vivo through multiple mechanisms, including direct regulation of lipolysis in adipocytes. However, little is known about its role in adipocyte glucose metabolism. This study reveals that IL-4 upregulates glucose uptake in adipocytes without additional activation of the insulin-dependent IRS1 (insulin receptor substrate 1)-Akt (protein kinase B) pathway. Moreover, the main transcription factor STAT6 (signal transducer and activator of transcription 6), regulated by IL-4, was not involved in adipocyte glucose uptake. The proteomic results showed that IL-4 upregulates expression of proteins involved in mitochondrial biogenesis, renewal, and glucose oxidation. Our study provides a new hypothesis, explaining protective effects of IL-4 against metabolic abnormalities through activation of adipocytes glucose utilization and maintenance of mitochondrial function under metabolic overload conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Svetlana Michurina
- National Medical Research Centre for Cardiology, Moscow, Russia.,Department of Biochemistry, Lomonosov Moscow State Unversity, Moscow, Russia
| | - Iurii Stafeev
- National Medical Research Centre for Cardiology, Moscow, Russia
| | | | | | - Elizaveta Mamontova
- National Medical Research Centre for Cardiology, Moscow, Russia.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, Lomonosov Moscow State Unversity, Moscow, Russia
| | - Artur Kopylov
- Institute of Biomedical Chemistry, Moscow, Russia.,The Institute of General Pathology and Pathophysiology, Moscow, Russia
| | | | | | - Yelena Parfyonova
- National Medical Research Centre for Cardiology, Moscow, Russia.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, Lomonosov Moscow State Unversity, Moscow, Russia
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18
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Yuan X, Rong Y, Chen Y, Ren C, Meng Y, Mu Y, Chen X. Molecular characterization, expression analysis and cellular location of IL-4/13 receptors in large yellow croaker (Larimichthys crocea). FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2022; 120:45-55. [PMID: 34774733 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2021.11.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2021] [Revised: 11/07/2021] [Accepted: 11/07/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Interleukin (IL)-4 and IL-13 are closely related class I cytokines that play key roles in the T helper (Th)-2 immune response via heterodimeric receptors. IL-4 signals via both the type I (IL-4Rα/γc) and type II (IL-4Rα/IL-13Rα1) receptor complexes, while IL-13 signals only via the type II receptor complex. IL-13Rα2 is traditionally considered a "decoy" receptor for IL-13. However, the IL-4/13 system and its response to pathogenic infection are still not fully understood in fish. In this study, we identified four IL-4/13 receptor subunit genes in the large yellow croaker (Larimichthys crocea): LcIL-4Rα1, LcIL-4Rα2, LcIL-13Rα1, and LcIL-13Rα2. Sequence analysis showed that these receptors possessed typical characteristic domains, including a signal peptide, two fibronectin type III (FN III)-like domains, and a transmembrane domain, but their cytoplasmic regions were not well conserved. The mRNA and protein of the four IL-4/13 receptors were constitutively expressed in all examined tissues of large yellow croaker. Their mRNAs were also detected in primary head kidney macrophages (PKMs), primary head kidney granulocytes (PKGs), and primary head kidney lymphocytes (PKLs). Immunofluorescence assay further showed that LcIL-4Rα and LcIL-13Rα1 were expressed on the membrane of IgM + B cells. After stimulation by Vibrio alginolyticus and poly (I:C) (a viral dsRNA mimic), the mRNA levels of LcIL-4/13 receptors were significantly upregulated in the head kidney and spleen. Their mRNA levels were also upregulated in head kidney leukocytes in response to poly (I:C) and lipopolysaccharide (LPS) treatment. Moreover, both recombinant LcIL-4/13A and LcIL-4/13B upregulated LcIL-4Rα1 and LcIL-4Rα2 in primary leukocytes, but only recombinant LcIL-4/13A upregulated LcIL-13Rα1 and LcIL-13Rα2. These results indicated that LcIL-4/13 receptors, containing conserved functional domains, may be involved in the IL-4/13-mediated immune response to pathogenic infections in the large yellow croaker.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoqin Yuan
- Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology of Fujian Province, Institute of Oceanology, College of Life Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China
| | - Yi Rong
- Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology of Fujian Province, Institute of Oceanology, College of Life Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China
| | - You Chen
- Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology of Fujian Province, Institute of Oceanology, College of Life Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China
| | - Chaoqun Ren
- Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology of Fujian Province, Institute of Oceanology, College of Life Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China
| | - Yufan Meng
- Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology of Fujian Province, Institute of Oceanology, College of Life Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China
| | - Yinnan Mu
- Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology of Fujian Province, Institute of Oceanology, College of Life Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China.
| | - Xinhua Chen
- Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology of Fujian Province, Institute of Oceanology, College of Life Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China; Laboratory for Marine Biology and Biotechnology, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, China.
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19
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IL-4 and IL-13 Promote Proliferation of Mammary Epithelial Cells through STAT6 and IRS-1. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms222112008. [PMID: 34769439 PMCID: PMC8584551 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222112008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2021] [Revised: 10/08/2021] [Accepted: 11/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
T helper (Th)2 cytokines such as interleukin (IL)-4 and IL-13 control immune function by acting on leukocytes. They also regulate multiple responses in non-hematopoietic cells. During pregnancy, IL-4 and IL-13 facilitate alveologenesis of mammary glands. This particular morphogenesis generates alveoli from existing ducts and requires substantial cell proliferation. Using 3D cultures of primary mouse mammary epithelial cells, we demonstrate that IL-4 and IL-13 promote cell proliferation, leading to enlargement of mammary acini with partially filled lumens. The mitogenic effects of IL-4 and IL-13 are mediated by STAT6 as inhibition of STAT6 suppresses cell proliferation and improves lumen formation. In addition, IL-4 and IL-13 stimulate tyrosine phosphorylation of insulin receptor substrate-1 (IRS-1). Prolonged treatment with these cytokines leads to increased IRS-1 abundance, which, in turn, amplifies IL-4- and IL-13-stimulated IRS-1 tyrosine phosphorylation. Through signaling crosstalk between IL-4/IL-13 and insulin, a hormone routinely included in mammary cultures, IRS-1 tyrosine phosphorylation is further enhanced. Lowering IRS-1 expression reduces cell proliferation, suggesting that IRS-1 is involved in IL-4- and IL-13-stimulated cell proliferation. Thus, a Th2-dominant cytokine milieu during pregnancy confers mammary gland development by promoting cell proliferation.
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20
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Abstract
Interleukin-4 (IL-4) is a four-α-helical bundle type I cytokine with broad pleiotropic actions on multiple lineages. Major actions of IL-4 were initially discovered for B and T cells, but this cytokine acts on more than a dozen different target cells spanning the innate and adaptive immune systems and is produced by multiple different cellular sources. While IL-4 was discovered just under 40 years ago in 1982, the interest in and discoveries related to this cytokine continue to markedly expand. There are important new advances related to its biological actions and to its mechanisms of signaling, including critical genes and downstream targets in a range of cell types. IL-4 is critical not only for careful control of immunoglobulin production but also related to inflammation, fibrosis, allergic reactions, and antitumor activity, with actions of IL-4 occurring through two different types of receptors, one of which is also used by IL-13, a closely related cytokine with partially overlapping actions. In this review, we cover critical older information but also highlight newer advances. An area of evolving interest relates to the therapeutic blockade of IL-4 signaling pathway to treat atopic dermatitis and asthma. Thus, this cytokine is historically important, and research in this area has both elucidated major biological pathways and led to therapeutic advances for diseases that affect millions of individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Achsah D Keegan
- Center for Vascular and Inflammatory Diseases, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, and Veterans Affairs Maryland Health Care System, Baltimore Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Baltimore, USA
| | - Warren J Leonard
- Laboratory of Molecular Immunology, Immunology Center, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, USA
| | - Jinfang Zhu
- Molecular and Cellular Immunoregulation Section, Laboratory of Immune System Biology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, USA
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21
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Gonzalez-Figueroa P, Roco JA, Papa I, Núñez Villacís L, Stanley M, Linterman MA, Dent A, Canete PF, Vinuesa CG. Follicular regulatory T cells produce neuritin to regulate B cells. Cell 2021; 184:1775-1789.e19. [PMID: 33711260 DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2021.02.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2020] [Revised: 01/25/2021] [Accepted: 02/08/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Regulatory T cells prevent the emergence of autoantibodies and excessive IgE, but the precise mechanisms are unclear. Here, we show that BCL6-expressing Tregs, known as follicular regulatory T (Tfr) cells, produce abundant neuritin protein that targets B cells. Mice lacking Tfr cells or neuritin in Foxp3-expressing cells accumulated early plasma cells in germinal centers (GCs) and developed autoantibodies against histones and tissue-specific self-antigens. Upon immunization, these mice also produced increased plasma IgE and IgG1. We show that neuritin is taken up by B cells, causes phosphorylation of numerous proteins, and dampens IgE class switching. Neuritin reduced differentiation of mouse and human GC B cells into plasma cells, downregulated BLIMP-1, and upregulated BCL6. Administration of neuritin to Tfr-deficient mice prevented the accumulation of early plasma cells in GCs. Production of neuritin by Tfr cells emerges as a central mechanism to suppress B cell-driven autoimmunity and IgE-mediated allergies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paula Gonzalez-Figueroa
- Dept of Immunology and Infectious Disease, The John Curtin School of Medical Research, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, Australia
| | - Jonathan A Roco
- Dept of Immunology and Infectious Disease, The John Curtin School of Medical Research, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, Australia
| | - Ilenia Papa
- Dept of Immunology and Infectious Disease, The John Curtin School of Medical Research, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, Australia
| | - Lorena Núñez Villacís
- Dept of Cancer Biology and Therapeutics, The John Curtin School of Medical Research, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, Australia
| | - Maurice Stanley
- Dept of Immunology and Infectious Disease, The John Curtin School of Medical Research, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, Australia
| | - Michelle A Linterman
- Laboratory of Lymphocyte Signalling and Development, Babraham Institute, Cambridge, UK
| | - Alexander Dent
- Dept of Microbiology and Immunology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Pablo F Canete
- Dept of Immunology and Infectious Disease, The John Curtin School of Medical Research, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, Australia
| | - Carola G Vinuesa
- Dept of Immunology and Infectious Disease, The John Curtin School of Medical Research, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, Australia.
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22
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Han X, Krempski JW, Nadeau K. Advances and novel developments in mechanisms of allergic inflammation. Allergy 2020; 75:3100-3111. [PMID: 33068299 DOI: 10.1111/all.14632] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2020] [Revised: 10/13/2020] [Accepted: 10/13/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
In the past decade, research in the molecular and cellular underpinnings of basic and clinical immunology has significantly advanced our understanding of allergic disorders, allowing scientists and clinicians to diagnose and treat disorders such as asthma, allergic and nonallergic rhinitis, and food allergy. In this review, we discuss several significant recent developments in basic and clinical research as well as important future research directions in allergic inflammation. Certain key regulatory cytokines, genes and molecules have recently been shown to play key roles in allergic disorders. For example, interleukin-33 (IL-33) plays an important role in refractory disorders such as asthma, allergic rhinitis and food allergy, mainly by inducing T helper (Th) 2 immune responses and clinical trials with IL-33 inhibitors are underway in food allergy. We discuss interleukin 4 receptor pathways, which recently have been shown to play a critical role among the allergic inflammatory pathways that drive allergic disorders and pathogenesis. Further, the cytokine thymic stromal lymphopoietin (TSLP) has recently been shown as a factor in maintaining immune homeostasis and regulating type 2 inflammatory responses at mucosal barriers in allergic inflammation and targeting TSLP-mediated signalling is considered an attractive therapeutic strategy. In addition, new findings establish an important T cell-intrinsic role of mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue lymphoma translocation protein 1 (MALT1) proteolytic activity in the suppression of autoimmune responses. We have seen how mutations in the filaggrin gene are a significant risk factor for allergic diseases such as atopic dermatitis, asthma, allergic rhinitis, food allergy, contact allergy, and hand eczema. We are only beginning to understand the mechanisms by which the human microbiota may be regulating the immune system, and how sudden changes in the composition of the microbiota may have profound effects, linked with an increased risk of developing chronic inflammatory disorders, including allergies. New research has shown the important but complex role monocytes play in disorders such as food allergies. Finally, we discuss some of the new directions of research in this area, particularly the important use of biologicals in oral immunotherapy, advances in gene therapy, multifood therapy, novel diagnostics in diagnosing allergic disorders and the central role that omics play in creating molecular signatures and biomarkers of allergic disorders such as food allergy. Such exciting new developments and advances have significantly moved forth our ability to understand the mechanisms underlying allergic diseases for improved patient care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaorui Han
- Sean N. Parker Center for Allergy and Asthma Research at Stanford University Stanford University Stanford CA USA
| | - James W. Krempski
- Sean N. Parker Center for Allergy and Asthma Research at Stanford University Stanford University Stanford CA USA
| | - Kari Nadeau
- Sean N. Parker Center for Allergy and Asthma Research at Stanford University Stanford University Stanford CA USA
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23
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Chen L, Zhu L, Lu D, Wu Z, Han Y, Xu P, Chang L, Wu Q. Interleukin 4 Affects Epilepsy by Regulating Glial Cells: Potential and Possible Mechanism. Front Mol Neurosci 2020; 13:554547. [PMID: 33013320 PMCID: PMC7500526 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2020.554547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2020] [Accepted: 08/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Epilepsy is a chronic brain dysfunction induced by an abnormal neuronal discharge that is caused by complicated psychopathologies. Recently, accumulating studies have revealed a close relationship between inflammation and epilepsy. Specifically, microglia and astrocytes are important inflammatory cells in the central nervous system (CNS) that have been proven to be related to the pathogenesis and development of epilepsy. Additionally, interleukin 4 (IL-4) is an anti-inflammatory factor that can regulate microglia and astrocytes in many aspects. This review article focuses on the regulatory role of IL-4 in the pathological changes of glial cells related to epilepsy. We additionally propose that IL-4 may play a protective role in epileptogenesis and suggest that IL-4 may be a novel therapeutic target for the treatment of epilepsy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu Chen
- Department of Neurology, First Affiliated Hospital, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
| | - Lin Zhu
- Department of Neurology, First Affiliated Hospital, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
| | - Di Lu
- Biomedicine Engineering Research Centre, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
| | - Zhe Wu
- Department of Psychology, The First People's Hospital of Yunnan Province, Kunming, China
| | - Yanbing Han
- Department of Neurology, First Affiliated Hospital, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
| | - Puying Xu
- Department of Neurology, First Affiliated Hospital, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
| | - Lvhua Chang
- Department of Neurology, First Affiliated Hospital, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
| | - Qian Wu
- Department of Neurology, First Affiliated Hospital, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
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24
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Quarta A, Berneman Z, Ponsaerts P. Neuroprotective modulation of microglia effector functions following priming with interleukin 4 and 13: current limitations in understanding their mode-of-action. Brain Behav Immun 2020; 88:856-866. [PMID: 32224056 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbi.2020.03.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2020] [Revised: 03/23/2020] [Accepted: 03/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
In recent years the long-standing theory of microglia's properties for dual polarization towards a pro- or anti-inflammatory phenotype has been deeply challenged. Furthermore, the elucidation of microglia ontogenesis exposed intrinsic differences between microglia and peripheral myeloid cells, thereby further underscoring the need to re-evaluate microglia-specific activation behavior, especially within an inflamed central nervous system (CNS) environment. This review critically summarizes recent literature on the in vitro and in vivo response of murine microglia to the immune-modulatory cytokines interleukin 4 (IL4) and interleukin 13 (IL13), i.e. those driving the so-called anti-inflammatory phenotype. Here we highlight several pivotal factors that may influence experimental outcome and/or interpretation of in vitro and in vivo studies evaluating microglia's phenotypical and functional properties upon IL4/IL13 treatment. Finally, the current therapeutic relevance of IL4/IL13-induced microglia activation in both acute and chronic CNS disorders is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandra Quarta
- Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, Vaccine and Infectious Disease Institute (Vaxinfectio), University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Zwi Berneman
- Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, Vaccine and Infectious Disease Institute (Vaxinfectio), University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Peter Ponsaerts
- Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, Vaccine and Infectious Disease Institute (Vaxinfectio), University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium.
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25
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Harb H, Chatila TA. Mechanisms of Dupilumab. Clin Exp Allergy 2020; 50:5-14. [PMID: 31505066 PMCID: PMC6930967 DOI: 10.1111/cea.13491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 214] [Impact Index Per Article: 53.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2019] [Revised: 09/02/2019] [Accepted: 09/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The Th2 cytokines interleukin 4 (IL-4) and IL-13 and the heterodimeric IL-4 receptor (IL-4R) complexes that they interact with play a key role in the pathogenesis of allergic disorders. Dupilumab is a humanized IgG4 monoclonal antibody that targets the IL-4 receptor alpha chain (IL-4Rα), common to both IL-4R complexes: type 1 (IL-4Rα/γc; IL-4 specific) and type 2 (IL-4Rα/IL-13Rα1; IL-4 and IL-13 specific). In this review, we detail the current state of knowledge of the different signalling pathways coupled to the IL-4R complexes and examine the possible mechanisms of Dupilumab action and survey its clinical efficacy in different allergic disorders. The development of Dupilumab and the widening spectrum of its clinical applications is relevant to the current emphasis on precision medicine approaches to the blockade of pathways involved in allergic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hani Harb
- Division of Immunology, Department of Pediatrics, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Talal A Chatila
- Division of Immunology, Department of Pediatrics, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
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26
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Lee D, Lee DH, Choi S, Lee JS, Jang DS, Kang KS. Identification and Isolation of Active Compounds from Astragalus membranaceus that Improve Insulin Secretion by Regulating Pancreatic β-Cell Metabolism. Biomolecules 2019; 9:E618. [PMID: 31627434 PMCID: PMC6843762 DOI: 10.3390/biom9100618] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2019] [Revised: 10/16/2019] [Accepted: 10/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
In type 2 diabetes (T2D), insufficient secretion of insulin from the pancreatic β-cells contributes to high blood glucose levels, associated with metabolic dysregulation. Interest in natural products to complement or replace existing antidiabetic medications has increased. In this study, we examined the effect of Astragalus membranaceus extract (ASME) and its compounds 1-9 on glucose-stimulated insulin secretion (GSIS) from pancreatic β-cells. ASME and compounds 1-9 isolated from A. membranaceus stimulated insulin secretion in INS-1 cells without inducing cytotoxicity. A further experiment showed that compounds 2, 3, and 5 enhanced the phosphorylation of total insulin receptor substrate-2 (IRS-2), phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K), and Akt, and activated pancreatic and duodenal homeobox-1 (PDX-1) and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ (PPAR-γ), which are associated with β-cell function and insulin secretion. The data suggest that two isoflavonoids (2 and 3) and a nucleoside (compound 5), isolated from the roots of A. membranaceus, have the potential to improve insulin secretion in β-cells, representing the first step towards the development of potent antidiabetic drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dahae Lee
- College of Korean Medicine, Gachon University, Seongnam 13120, Korea.
| | - Da Hye Lee
- Department of Life and Nanopharmaceutical Sciences, Graduate School, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Korea.
| | - Sungyoul Choi
- College of Korean Medicine, Gachon University, Seongnam 13120, Korea.
| | - Jin Su Lee
- Department of Life and Nanopharmaceutical Sciences, Graduate School, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Korea.
| | - Dae Sik Jang
- Department of Life and Nanopharmaceutical Sciences, Graduate School, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Korea.
| | - Ki Sung Kang
- College of Korean Medicine, Gachon University, Seongnam 13120, Korea.
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27
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Common and different roles of IL-4 and IL-13 in skin allergy and clinical implications. Curr Opin Allergy Clin Immunol 2019; 19:319-327. [DOI: 10.1097/aci.0000000000000553] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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28
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Rached MT, Millership SJ, Pedroni SMA, Choudhury AI, Costa ASH, Hardy DG, Glegola JA, Irvine EE, Selman C, Woodberry MC, Yadav VK, Khadayate S, Vidal-Puig A, Virtue S, Frezza C, Withers DJ. Deletion of myeloid IRS2 enhances adipose tissue sympathetic nerve function and limits obesity. Mol Metab 2019; 20:38-50. [PMID: 30553769 PMCID: PMC6358539 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmet.2018.11.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2018] [Revised: 11/21/2018] [Accepted: 11/25/2018] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Sympathetic nervous system and immune cell interactions play key roles in the regulation of metabolism. For example, recent convergent studies have shown that macrophages regulate obesity through brown adipose tissue (BAT) activation and beiging of white adipose tissue (WAT) via effects upon local catecholamine availability. However, these studies have raised issues about the underlying mechanisms involved including questions regarding the production of catecholamines by macrophages, the role of macrophage polarization state and the underlying intracellular signaling pathways in macrophages that might mediate these effects. METHODS To address such issues we generated mice lacking Irs2, which mediates the effects of insulin and interleukin 4, specifically in LyzM expressing cells (Irs2LyzM-/- mice). RESULTS These animals displayed obesity resistance and preservation of glucose homeostasis on high fat diet feeding due to increased energy expenditure via enhanced BAT activity and WAT beiging. Macrophages per se did not produce catecholamines but Irs2LyzM-/- mice displayed increased sympathetic nerve density and catecholamine availability in adipose tissue. Irs2-deficient macrophages displayed an anti-inflammatory transcriptional profile and alterations in genes involved in scavenging catecholamines and supporting increased sympathetic innervation. CONCLUSIONS Our studies identify a critical macrophage signaling pathway involved in the regulation of adipose tissue sympathetic nerve function that, in turn, mediates key neuroimmune effects upon systemic metabolism. The insights gained may open therapeutic opportunities for the treatment of obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie-Therese Rached
- MRC London Institute of Medical Sciences, Du Cane Road, London, W12 0NN, UK; Institute of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, Du Cane Road, London, W12 0NN, UK
| | - Steven J Millership
- MRC London Institute of Medical Sciences, Du Cane Road, London, W12 0NN, UK; Institute of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, Du Cane Road, London, W12 0NN, UK
| | - Silvia M A Pedroni
- MRC London Institute of Medical Sciences, Du Cane Road, London, W12 0NN, UK; Institute of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, Du Cane Road, London, W12 0NN, UK
| | | | - Ana S H Costa
- MRC Cancer Unit, University of Cambridge, Box 197, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, CB2 0XZ, UK
| | - Darran G Hardy
- MRC London Institute of Medical Sciences, Du Cane Road, London, W12 0NN, UK; Institute of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, Du Cane Road, London, W12 0NN, UK
| | - Justyna A Glegola
- MRC London Institute of Medical Sciences, Du Cane Road, London, W12 0NN, UK
| | - Elaine E Irvine
- MRC London Institute of Medical Sciences, Du Cane Road, London, W12 0NN, UK
| | - Colin Selman
- Institute of Biodiversity, Animal Health and Comparative Medicine, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, G12 8QQ, UK
| | - Megan C Woodberry
- MRC London Institute of Medical Sciences, Du Cane Road, London, W12 0NN, UK
| | - Vijay K Yadav
- Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Hinxton, Cambridge, CB10 1SA, UK; Department of Genetics and Development, Columbia University, New York, 10032, USA
| | - Sanjay Khadayate
- MRC London Institute of Medical Sciences, Du Cane Road, London, W12 0NN, UK
| | - Antonio Vidal-Puig
- Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Hinxton, Cambridge, CB10 1SA, UK; University of Cambridge Metabolic Research Laboratories, Wellcome Trust-MRC Institute of Metabolic Science, Cambridge, CB2 0QQ, UK
| | - Samuel Virtue
- University of Cambridge Metabolic Research Laboratories, Wellcome Trust-MRC Institute of Metabolic Science, Cambridge, CB2 0QQ, UK
| | - Christian Frezza
- MRC Cancer Unit, University of Cambridge, Box 197, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, CB2 0XZ, UK
| | - Dominic J Withers
- MRC London Institute of Medical Sciences, Du Cane Road, London, W12 0NN, UK; Institute of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, Du Cane Road, London, W12 0NN, UK.
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