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Văcăraş V, Vulturar R, Chiş A, Damian L. Inclusion body myositis, viral infections, and TDP-43: a narrative review. Clin Exp Med 2024; 24:91. [PMID: 38693436 PMCID: PMC11062973 DOI: 10.1007/s10238-024-01353-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2024] [Accepted: 04/15/2024] [Indexed: 05/03/2024]
Abstract
The ubiquitous RNA-processing molecule TDP-43 is involved in neuromuscular diseases such as inclusion body myositis, a late-onset acquired inflammatory myopathy. TDP-43 solubility and function are disrupted in certain viral infections. Certain viruses, high viremia, co-infections, reactivation of latent viruses, and post-acute expansion of cytotoxic T cells may all contribute to inclusion body myositis, mainly in an age-shaped immune landscape. The virally induced senescent, interferon gamma-producing cytotoxic CD8+ T cells with increased inflammatory, and cytotoxic features are involved in the occurrence of inclusion body myositis in most such cases, in a genetically predisposed host. We discuss the putative mechanisms linking inclusion body myositis, TDP-43, and viral infections untangling the links between viruses, interferon, and neuromuscular degeneration could shed a light on the pathogenesis of the inclusion body myositis and other TDP-43-related neuromuscular diseases, with possible therapeutic implications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vitalie Văcăraş
- Department of Neurosciences, "Iuliu Haţieganu" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Cluj-Napoca, 43, Victor Babeş St, 400012, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
- Neurology Department of Cluj, County Emergency Hospital, 3-5, Clinicilor St, 400347, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Romana Vulturar
- Department of Molecular Sciences, "Iuliu Haţieganu" University of Medicine and Pharmacy Cluj-Napoca, 6, Pasteur St, 400349, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
- Cognitive Neuroscience Laboratory, University Babeş-Bolyai, 30, Fântânele St, 400294, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
- Association for Innovation in Rare Inflammatory, Metabolic, Genetic Diseases INNOROG, 30E, Făgetului St, 400497, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Adina Chiş
- Department of Molecular Sciences, "Iuliu Haţieganu" University of Medicine and Pharmacy Cluj-Napoca, 6, Pasteur St, 400349, Cluj-Napoca, Romania.
- Cognitive Neuroscience Laboratory, University Babeş-Bolyai, 30, Fântânele St, 400294, Cluj-Napoca, Romania.
- Association for Innovation in Rare Inflammatory, Metabolic, Genetic Diseases INNOROG, 30E, Făgetului St, 400497, Cluj-Napoca, Romania.
| | - Laura Damian
- Association for Innovation in Rare Inflammatory, Metabolic, Genetic Diseases INNOROG, 30E, Făgetului St, 400497, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
- Department of Rheumatology, Centre for Rare Autoimmune and Autoinflammatory Diseases, Emergency, Clinical County Hospital Cluj, 2-4, Clinicilor St, 400006, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
- CMI Reumatologie Dr. Damian, 6-8, Petru Maior St, 400002, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
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Breidung D, Megas IF, Freytag DL, Bernhagen J, Grieb G. The Role of Macrophage Migration Inhibitory Factor (MIF) and D-Dopachrome Tautomerase (D-DT/MIF-2) in Infections: A Clinical Perspective. Biomedicines 2023; 12:2. [PMID: 38275363 PMCID: PMC10813530 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines12010002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2023] [Revised: 12/11/2023] [Accepted: 12/14/2023] [Indexed: 01/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF) and its homolog, D-dopachrome tautomerase (D-DT), are cytokines that play critical roles in the immune response to various infectious diseases. This review provides an overview of the complex involvement of MIF and D-DT in bacterial, viral, fungal, and parasitic infections. The role of MIF in different types of infections is controversial, as it has either a protective function or a host damage-enhancing function depending on the pathogen. Depending on the specific role of MIF, different therapeutic options for MIF-targeting drugs arise. Human MIF-neutralizing antibodies, anti-parasite MIF antibodies, small molecule MIF inhibitors or MIF-blocking peptides, as well as the administration of exogenous MIF or MIF activity-augmenting small molecules have potential therapeutic applications and need to be further explored in the future. In addition, MIF has been shown to be a potential biomarker and therapeutic target in sepsis. Further research is needed to unravel the complexity of MIF and D-DT in infectious diseases and to develop personalized therapeutic approaches targeting these cytokines. Overall, a comprehensive understanding of the role of MIF and D-DT in infections could lead to new strategies for the diagnosis, treatment, and management of infectious diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Breidung
- Department of Plastic, Reconstructive and Hand Surgery, Burn Center for Severe Burn Injuries, Klinikum Nuremberg Hospital, Paracelsus Medical University, Breslauer Str. 201, 90471 Nuremberg, Germany;
| | - Ioannis-Fivos Megas
- Department of Orthopaedic and Trauma Surgery, Center of Plastic Surgery, Hand Surgery and Microsurgery, Evangelisches Waldkrankenhaus Spandau, Stadtrandstr. 555, 13589 Berlin, Germany;
| | - David Lysander Freytag
- Department of Plastic Surgery and Hand Surgery, Gemeinschaftskrankenhaus Havelhoehe, Kladower Damm 221, 14089 Berlin, Germany;
| | - Jürgen Bernhagen
- Division of Vascular Biology, Institute for Stroke and Dementia Research (ISD), Klinikum der Universität München (KUM), Ludwig-Maximilians-University (LMU), Feodor-Lynenstraße 17, 81377 Munich, Germany;
- Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology (SyNergy), Feodor-Lynenstraße 17, 81377 Munich, Germany
| | - Gerrit Grieb
- Department of Plastic Surgery and Hand Surgery, Gemeinschaftskrankenhaus Havelhoehe, Kladower Damm 221, 14089 Berlin, Germany;
- Department of Plastic Surgery and Hand Surgery, Burn Center, Medical Faculty, RWTH Aachen University, Pauwelsstrasse 30, 52074 Aachen, Germany
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Liu W, Xu Z, Qiu Y, Qiu X, Tan L, Song C, Sun Y, Liao Y, Liu X, Ding C. Single-Cell Transcriptome Atlas of Newcastle Disease Virus in Chickens Both In Vitro and In Vivo. Microbiol Spectr 2023; 11:e0512122. [PMID: 37191506 PMCID: PMC10269786 DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.05121-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2022] [Accepted: 03/28/2023] [Indexed: 05/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Newcastle disease virus (NDV) is an avian paramyxovirus that causes major economic losses to the poultry industry around the world, with NDV pathogenicity varying due to strain virulence differences. However, the impacts of intracellular viral replication and the heterogeneity of host responses among cell types are unknown. Here, we investigated the heterogeneity of lung tissue cells in response to NDV infection in vivo and that of the chicken embryo fibroblast cell line DF-1 in response to NDV infection in vitro using single-cell RNA sequencing. We characterized the NDV target cell types in the chicken lung at the single-cell transcriptome level and classified cells into five known and two unknown cell types. The five known cell types are the targets of NDV in the lungs with virus RNA detected. Different paths of infection in the putative trajectories of NDV infection were distinguished between in vivo and in vitro, or between virulent Herts/33 strain and nonvirulent LaSota strain. Gene expression patterns and the interferon (IFN) response in different putative trajectories were demonstrated. IFN responses were elevated in vivo, especially in myeloid and endothelial cells. We distinguished the virus-infected and non-infected cells, and the Toll-like receptor signaling pathway was the main pathway after virus infection. Cell-cell communication analysis revealed the potential cell surface receptor-ligand of NDV. Our data provide a rich resource for understanding NDV pathogenesis and open the way to interventions specifically targeting infected cells. IMPORTANCE Newcastle disease virus (NDV) is an avian paramyxovirus that causes major economic losses to the poultry industry around the world, with NDV pathogenicity varying due to strain virulence differences. However, the impacts of intracellular viral replication and the heterogeneity of host responses among cell types are unknown. Here, we investigated the heterogeneity of lung tissue cells in response to NDV infection in vivo and that of the chicken embryo fibroblast cell line DF-1 in response to NDV infection in vitro using single-cell RNA sequencing. Our results open the way to interventions specifically targeting infected cells, suggest principles of virus-host interactions applicable to NDV and other similar pathogens, and highlight the potential for simultaneous single-cell measurements of both host and viral transcriptomes for delineating a comprehensive map of infection in vitro and in vivo. Therefore, this study can be a useful resource for the further investigation and understanding of NDV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weiwei Liu
- Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Zejun Xu
- School of Food and Bioengineering, Wuhu Institute of Technology, Wuhu, China
| | - Yafeng Qiu
- Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Xusheng Qiu
- Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Lei Tan
- Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Cuiping Song
- Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Yingjie Sun
- Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Ying Liao
- Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiufan Liu
- School of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Chan Ding
- Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai, China
- Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
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Pan J, Zhang X, Xu J, Chang Z, Xin Z, Wang G. Landscape of Exhausted T Cells in Tuberculosis Revealed by Single-Cell Sequencing. Microbiol Spectr 2023; 11:e0283922. [PMID: 36916943 PMCID: PMC10100881 DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.02839-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2022] [Accepted: 02/13/2023] [Indexed: 03/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Tuberculosis, a contagious bacterial infection caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis, is a substantial global health problem, impacting millions of lives annually. Exhausted T-cell signatures are critical for predicting clinical responses to tuberculosis infection. To obtain a panoramic transcriptional profile of T cells, we performed single-cell RNA-sequencing analysis of CD4+ T and CD8+ T cells isolated from peripheral blood mononuclear cells of healthy individuals and patients with tuberculosis. We identified seven subsets in CD8+ T cells and eight subsets in CD4+ T cells and elucidated the transcriptomic landscape changes and characteristics of each subset. We further investigated the cell-to-cell relationship of each subgroup of the two cell types. Different signature genes and pathways of exhausted CD4+ and CD8+ T cells were examined. We identified 12 genes with potential associations of T-cell exhaustion after tuberculosis infection. We also identified five genes as potential exhaustion marker genes. The CD8-EX3 subcluster in CD8+ T-exhausted cells was identified as an exhaustion-specific subcluster. The identified gene module further clarified the key factors influencing CD8+ T cell exhaustion. These data provide new insights into T-cell signatures in tuberculosis-exhausted populations. IMPORTANCE Identifying the changes in immune cells in response to infection can provide a better understanding of the effects of Mycobacterium tuberculosis on the host immune system. We performed single-cell RNA-sequencing analysis of CD4+ T and CD8+ T cells isolated from peripheral blood mononuclear cells of healthy individuals and patients with tuberculosis to reveal the cellular characteristics. Different signature genes and pathways of exhausted CD4+ and CD8+ T cells were examined. These will facilitate a more comprehensive understanding of the onset and underlying mechanism of T-cell exhaustion during active Mtb infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiahui Pan
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Research, Ministry of Education, College of Basic Medical Science, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Xinyue Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Research, Ministry of Education, College of Basic Medical Science, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Jianting Xu
- The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Zecheng Chang
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Research, Ministry of Education, College of Basic Medical Science, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Zhuoyuan Xin
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Research, Ministry of Education, College of Basic Medical Science, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Guoqing Wang
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Research, Ministry of Education, College of Basic Medical Science, Jilin University, Changchun, China
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Trifone C, Baquero L, Czernikier A, Benencio P, Leng L, Laufer N, Quiroga MF, Bucala R, Ghiglione Y, Turk G. Macrophage Migration Inhibitory Factor (MIF) Promotes Increased Proportions of the Highly Permissive Th17-like Cell Profile during HIV Infection. Viruses 2022; 14:v14102218. [PMID: 36298774 PMCID: PMC9611675 DOI: 10.3390/v14102218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2022] [Revised: 10/04/2022] [Accepted: 10/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study, we evaluate the role of the MIF/CD74 axis in the functionality of CD4+ T lymphocytes (CD4TL) during HIV infection. MDMs from healthy donors were infected with a R5-tropic or Transmitted/Founder (T/F) HIV strain. At day 11 post-MDM infection, allogeneic co-cultures with uninfected CD4TLs plus MIF stimulus were performed. Cytokine production was evaluated by ELISA. MIF plasma levels of people with HIV (PWH) were evaluated by ELISA. The phenotype and infection rate of CD4TLs from PWH were analyzed after MIF stimulus. Intracellular cytokines and transcription factors were evaluated by flow cytometry. Data were analyzed by parametric or non-parametric methods. The MIF stimulation of HIV-infected MDMs induced an increased expression of IL-6, IL-1β and IL-8. In CD4TL/MDM co-cultures, the MIF treatment increased IL-17A/RORγt-expressing CD4TLs. Higher concentrations of IL-17A in supernatants were also observed. These results were recapitulated using transmitted/founder (T/F) HIV-1 strains. The MIF treatment appeared to affect memory CD4TLs more than naïve CD4TLs. MIF blocking showed a negative impact on IL17A+CD4TL proportions. Higher MIF concentrations in PWH-derived plasma were correlated with higher IL-17A+CD4TL percentages. Finally, MIF stimulation in PWH-derived PBMCs led to an increase in Th17-like population. MIF may contribute to viral pathogenesis by generating a microenvironment enriched in activating mediators and Th17-like CD4TLs, which are known to be highly susceptible to HIV-1 infection and relevant to viral persistence. These observations establish a basis for considering MIF as a possible therapeutic target.
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Affiliation(s)
- César Trifone
- Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires C1121ABG, Argentina
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas en Retrovirus y SIDA (INBIRS), CONICET—Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires C1121ABG, Argentina
| | - Lucía Baquero
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas en Retrovirus y SIDA (INBIRS), CONICET—Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires C1121ABG, Argentina
- Departamento de Química Biológica, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires C1121ABG, Argentina
| | - Alejandro Czernikier
- Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires C1121ABG, Argentina
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas en Retrovirus y SIDA (INBIRS), CONICET—Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires C1121ABG, Argentina
| | - Paula Benencio
- Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires C1121ABG, Argentina
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas en Retrovirus y SIDA (INBIRS), CONICET—Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires C1121ABG, Argentina
| | - Lin Leng
- Department of Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, USA
| | - Natalia Laufer
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas en Retrovirus y SIDA (INBIRS), CONICET—Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires C1121ABG, Argentina
- Departamento de Microbiología, Parasitología e Inmunología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires C1121ABG, Argentina
| | - María Florencia Quiroga
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas en Retrovirus y SIDA (INBIRS), CONICET—Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires C1121ABG, Argentina
- Departamento de Microbiología, Parasitología e Inmunología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires C1121ABG, Argentina
| | - Richard Bucala
- Department of Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, USA
| | - Yanina Ghiglione
- Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires C1121ABG, Argentina
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas en Retrovirus y SIDA (INBIRS), CONICET—Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires C1121ABG, Argentina
| | - Gabriela Turk
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas en Retrovirus y SIDA (INBIRS), CONICET—Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires C1121ABG, Argentina
- Departamento de Microbiología, Parasitología e Inmunología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires C1121ABG, Argentina
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +54-11-4508-3689 (ext. 130); Fax: +54-11-4508-3705
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Yang K, Yang J, Zhou D, Zhu M, Du X, Zhou J, Liu S, Cheng Z. Interaction of p10/p27 with macrophage migration inhibitory factor promotes avian leukosis virus subgroup J infection. Vet Microbiol 2022; 267:109389. [DOI: 10.1016/j.vetmic.2022.109389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2021] [Revised: 02/24/2022] [Accepted: 02/27/2022] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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Marcon CF, Ferreira PTM, Franco PS, Ribeiro M, Silva RJ, Sousa RAP, Oliveira CJF, Rodrigues Junior V, Gomes MLM, Lazo Chica JE, Mineo TWP, Mineo JR, Barbosa BF, Ferro EAV, Gomes AO. Macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF) and pregnancy may impact the balance of intestinal cytokines and the development of intestinal pathology caused by Toxoplasma gondii infection. Cytokine 2020; 136:155283. [PMID: 32947151 DOI: 10.1016/j.cyto.2020.155283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Toxoplasma gondii (T. gondii) is an intracellular parasite responsible for causing toxoplasmosis. When infection occurs during pregnancy, it can produce severe congenital infection with ocular and neurologic damage to the infant. From the oral infection parasite reaches the intestine, causing inflammatory response, damage in tissue architecture and systemic dissemination. Macrophage migration inhibition factor (MIF) is a cytokine secreted from both immune and non-immune cells, including gut epithelial cells. MIF is described to promote inflammatory responses, to be associated in colitis pathogenesis and also to play role in maintaining the intestinal barrier. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the influence of the pregnancy and MIF deficiency on T. gondii infection in the intestinal microenvironment and to address how these factors can impact on the intestinal architecture and local cytokine profile. For this purpose, small intestine of pregnant and non-pregnant C57BL/6 MIF deficient mice (MIF-/-) and Wild-type (WT) orally infected with 5 cysts of ME-49 strain of T. gondii were collected on day 8th of infection. Intestines were processed for morphological and morphometric analyses, parasite quantification and for cytokines mensuration. Our results showed that the absence of MIF and pregnancy caused an increase in T. gondii infection index. T. gondii immunolocalization demonstrated that segments preferentially infected with T. gondii were duodenum and ileum. The infection caused a reduction in the size of the intestinal villi, whereas, infection associated with pregnancy caused an increase in villi size due to edema caused by the infection. Also, the goblet cell number was increased in the ileum of MIF-/- mice, when compared to the corresponding WT group. Analyses of cytokine production in the small intestine showed that MIF was up regulated in the gut of pregnant WT mice due to infection. Also, infection provoked an intense Th1 response that was more exacerbated in pregnant MIF-/- mice. We also detected that the Th2/Treg response was more pronounced in MIF-/- mice. Altogether, our results demonstrated that pregnancy and MIF deficiency interferes in the balance of the intestinal cytokines and favors a Th1-immflamatory profile, which in turn, impact in the development of pathology caused by T. gondii infection in the intestinal microenvironment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Camila Ferreira Marcon
- Instituto de Ciências Biológicas e Naturais (ICBN), Universidade Federal do Triângulo Mineiro (UFTM), Uberaba, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Paula Tatiana Mutão Ferreira
- Instituto de Ciências Biológicas e Naturais (ICBN), Universidade Federal do Triângulo Mineiro (UFTM), Uberaba, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Priscila Silva Franco
- Laboratório de Imunofisiologia da Reprodução, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas (ICBIM), Universidade Federal de Uberlândia (UFU), Uberlândia, Brazil
| | - Mayara Ribeiro
- Laboratório de Imunofisiologia da Reprodução, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas (ICBIM), Universidade Federal de Uberlândia (UFU), Uberlândia, Brazil
| | - Rafaela José Silva
- Laboratório de Imunofisiologia da Reprodução, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas (ICBIM), Universidade Federal de Uberlândia (UFU), Uberlândia, Brazil
| | - Roberto Augusto Pereira Sousa
- Instituto de Ciências Biológicas e Naturais (ICBN), Universidade Federal do Triângulo Mineiro (UFTM), Uberaba, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Carlo José Freire Oliveira
- Instituto de Ciências Biológicas e Naturais (ICBN), Universidade Federal do Triângulo Mineiro (UFTM), Uberaba, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Virmondes Rodrigues Junior
- Instituto de Ciências Biológicas e Naturais (ICBN), Universidade Federal do Triângulo Mineiro (UFTM), Uberaba, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Marcos Lucca Moreira Gomes
- Instituto de Ciências Biológicas e Naturais (ICBN), Universidade Federal do Triângulo Mineiro (UFTM), Uberaba, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Javier Emílio Lazo Chica
- Instituto de Ciências Biológicas e Naturais (ICBN), Universidade Federal do Triângulo Mineiro (UFTM), Uberaba, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Tiago Wilson Patriarca Mineo
- Laboratório de Imunoparasitologia, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas (ICBIM), Universidade Federal de Uberlândia (UFU), Uberlândia, Brazil
| | - José Roberto Mineo
- Laboratório de Imunoparasitologia, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas (ICBIM), Universidade Federal de Uberlândia (UFU), Uberlândia, Brazil
| | - Bellisa Freitas Barbosa
- Laboratório de Imunofisiologia da Reprodução, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas (ICBIM), Universidade Federal de Uberlândia (UFU), Uberlândia, Brazil
| | - Eloisa Amália Vieira Ferro
- Laboratório de Imunofisiologia da Reprodução, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas (ICBIM), Universidade Federal de Uberlândia (UFU), Uberlândia, Brazil
| | - Angelica Oliveira Gomes
- Instituto de Ciências Biológicas e Naturais (ICBN), Universidade Federal do Triângulo Mineiro (UFTM), Uberaba, Minas Gerais, Brazil.
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Marcon CF, Ferreira PTM, Franco PS, Ribeiro M, Silva RJ, Sousa RAP, Oliveira CJF, Junior VR, Gomes MLM, Chica JEL, Mineo TWP, Mineo JR, Barbosa BF, Ferro EAV, Gomes AO. WITHDRAWN: Macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF) and pregnancy may impact the balance of intestinal cytokines and the development of intestinal pathology caused by Toxoplasma gondii infection. Cytokine X 2020; 2:100034. [PMID: 33604559 PMCID: PMC7885889 DOI: 10.1016/j.cytox.2020.100034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Camila Ferreira Marcon
- Instituto de Ciências Biológicas e Naturais (ICBN), Universidade Federal do Triângulo Mineiro (UFTM), Uberaba, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Paula Tatiana Mutão Ferreira
- Instituto de Ciências Biológicas e Naturais (ICBN), Universidade Federal do Triângulo Mineiro (UFTM), Uberaba, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Priscila Silva Franco
- Laboratório de Imunofisiologia da Reprodução, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas (ICBIM), Universidade Federal de Uberlândia (UFU), Uberlândia, Brazil
| | - Mayara Ribeiro
- Laboratório de Imunofisiologia da Reprodução, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas (ICBIM), Universidade Federal de Uberlândia (UFU), Uberlândia, Brazil
| | - Rafaela José Silva
- Laboratório de Imunofisiologia da Reprodução, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas (ICBIM), Universidade Federal de Uberlândia (UFU), Uberlândia, Brazil
| | - Roberto Augusto Pereira Sousa
- Instituto de Ciências Biológicas e Naturais (ICBN), Universidade Federal do Triângulo Mineiro (UFTM), Uberaba, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Carlo José Freire Oliveira
- Instituto de Ciências Biológicas e Naturais (ICBN), Universidade Federal do Triângulo Mineiro (UFTM), Uberaba, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Virmondes Rodrigues Junior
- Instituto de Ciências Biológicas e Naturais (ICBN), Universidade Federal do Triângulo Mineiro (UFTM), Uberaba, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Marcos Lucca Moreira Gomes
- Instituto de Ciências Biológicas e Naturais (ICBN), Universidade Federal do Triângulo Mineiro (UFTM), Uberaba, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Javier Emílio Lazo Chica
- Instituto de Ciências Biológicas e Naturais (ICBN), Universidade Federal do Triângulo Mineiro (UFTM), Uberaba, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Tiago Wilson Patriarca Mineo
- Laboratório de Imunoparasitologia, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas (ICBIM), Universidade Federal de Uberlândia (UFU), Uberlândia, Brazil
| | - José Roberto Mineo
- Laboratório de Imunoparasitologia, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas (ICBIM), Universidade Federal de Uberlândia (UFU), Uberlândia, Brazil
| | - Bellisa Freitas Barbosa
- Laboratório de Imunofisiologia da Reprodução, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas (ICBIM), Universidade Federal de Uberlândia (UFU), Uberlândia, Brazil
| | - Eloisa Amália Vieira Ferro
- Laboratório de Imunofisiologia da Reprodução, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas (ICBIM), Universidade Federal de Uberlândia (UFU), Uberlândia, Brazil
| | - Angelica Oliveira Gomes
- Instituto de Ciências Biológicas e Naturais (ICBN), Universidade Federal do Triângulo Mineiro (UFTM), Uberaba, Minas Gerais, Brazil
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