1
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Cao Y, Zheng M, Sewani MA, Wang J. The miR-17-92 cluster in cardiac health and disease. Birth Defects Res 2024; 116:e2273. [PMID: 37984445 PMCID: PMC11418803 DOI: 10.1002/bdr2.2273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2023] [Revised: 11/02/2023] [Accepted: 11/06/2023] [Indexed: 11/22/2023]
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRs) are small noncoding RNAs that play important roles in both physiological and pathological processes through post-transcriptional regulation. The miR-17-92 cluster includes six individual members: miR-17, miR-18a, miR-19a, miR-19b-1, miR-20a, and miR-92a-1. The miR-17-92 cluster has been extensively studied and reported to broadly function in cancer biology, immunology, neurology, pulmonology, and cardiology. This review focuses on its roles in heart development and cardiac diseases. We briefly introduce the nature of the miR-17-92 cluster and its crucial roles in both normal development and the pathogenesis of various diseases. We summarize the recent progress in understanding the versatile roles of miR-17-92 during cardiac development, regeneration, and aging. Additionally, we highlight the indispensable roles of the miR-17-92 cluster in pathogenesis and therapeutic potential in cardiac birth defects and adult cardiac diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuhan Cao
- Department of Pediatrics, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, Texas, USA
- MD Anderson Cancer Center UTHealth Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Texas, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Mingjie Zheng
- Department of Pediatrics, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Maham A Sewani
- Department of BioSciences, Wiess School of Natural Sciences, Rice University, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Jun Wang
- Department of Pediatrics, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, Texas, USA
- MD Anderson Cancer Center UTHealth Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Texas, Houston, Texas, USA
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2
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Bauer AN, Majumdar N, Williams F, Rajput S, Pokhrel LR, Cook PP, Akula SM. MicroRNAs: Small but Key Players in Viral Infections and Immune Responses to Viral Pathogens. BIOLOGY 2023; 12:1334. [PMID: 37887044 PMCID: PMC10604607 DOI: 10.3390/biology12101334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2023] [Revised: 09/21/2023] [Accepted: 10/11/2023] [Indexed: 10/28/2023]
Abstract
Since the discovery of microRNAs (miRNAs) in C. elegans in 1993, the field of miRNA research has grown steeply. These single-stranded non-coding RNA molecules canonically work at the post-transcriptional phase to regulate protein expression. miRNAs are known to regulate viral infection and the ensuing host immune response. Evolving research suggests miRNAs are assets in the discovery and investigation of therapeutics and diagnostics. In this review, we succinctly summarize the latest findings in (i) mechanisms underpinning miRNA regulation of viral infection, (ii) miRNA regulation of host immune response to viral pathogens, (iii) miRNA-based diagnostics and therapeutics targeting viral pathogens and challenges, and (iv) miRNA patents and the market landscape. Our findings show the differential expression of miRNA may serve as a prognostic biomarker for viral infections in regard to predicting the severity or adverse health effects associated with viral diseases. While there is huge market potential for miRNA technology, the novel approach of using miRNA mimics to enhance antiviral activity or antagonists to inhibit pro-viral miRNAs has been an ongoing research endeavor. Significant hurdles remain in terms of miRNA delivery, stability, efficacy, safety/tolerability, and specificity. Addressing these challenges may pave a path for harnessing the full potential of miRNAs in modern medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anais N. Bauer
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Brody School of Medicine, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC 27834, USA; (A.N.B.); (N.M.); (F.W.)
| | - Niska Majumdar
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Brody School of Medicine, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC 27834, USA; (A.N.B.); (N.M.); (F.W.)
| | - Frank Williams
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Brody School of Medicine, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC 27834, USA; (A.N.B.); (N.M.); (F.W.)
| | - Smit Rajput
- Department of Internal Medicine, Brody School of Medicine, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC 27834, USA;
| | - Lok R. Pokhrel
- Department of Public Health, Brody School of Medicine, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC 27834, USA;
| | - Paul P. Cook
- Department of Internal Medicine, Brody School of Medicine, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC 27834, USA;
| | - Shaw M. Akula
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Brody School of Medicine, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC 27834, USA; (A.N.B.); (N.M.); (F.W.)
- Department of Internal Medicine, Brody School of Medicine, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC 27834, USA;
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3
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Wittner L, Wagener L, Wiese JJ, Stolzer I, Krug SM, Naschberger E, Jackstadt R, Beyaert R, Atreya R, Kühl AA, Sturm G, Gonzalez-Acera M, Patankar JV, Becker C, Siegmund B, Trajanoski Z, Winner B, Neurath MF, Schumann M, Günther C. Proteolytic Activity of the Paracaspase MALT1 Is Involved in Epithelial Restitution and Mucosal Healing. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24087402. [PMID: 37108564 PMCID: PMC10138456 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24087402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2023] [Revised: 03/30/2023] [Accepted: 04/13/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The paracaspase MALT1 is a crucial regulator of immune responses in various cellular contexts. Recently, there is increasing evidence suggesting that MALT1 might represent a novel key player in mucosal inflammation. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying this process and the targeted cell population remain unclear. In this study, we investigate the role of MALT1 proteolytic activity in the context of mucosal inflammation. We demonstrate a significant enrichment of MALT1 gene and protein expression in colonic epithelial cells of UC patients, as well as in the context of experimental colitis. Mechanistically we demonstrate that MALT1 protease function inhibits ferroptosis, a form of iron-dependent cell death, upstream of NF-κB signaling, which can promote inflammation and tissue damage in IBD. We further show that MALT1 activity contributes to STAT3 signaling, which is essential for the regeneration of the intestinal epithelium after injury. In summary, our data strongly suggests that the protease function of MALT1 plays a critical role in the regulation of immune and inflammatory responses, as well as mucosal healing. Understanding the mechanisms by which MALT1 protease function regulates these processes may offer novel therapeutic targets for the treatment of IBD and other inflammatory diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leonie Wittner
- Department of Medicine 1, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg, 91054 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Lukas Wagener
- Department of Medicine 1, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg, 91054 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Jakob J Wiese
- Department of Gastroenterology, Rheumatology and Infectious Diseases, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Campus Benjamin Franklin, 12203 Berlin, Germany
| | - Iris Stolzer
- Department of Medicine 1, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg, 91054 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Susanne M Krug
- Clinical Physiology/Nutritional Medicine, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Campus Benjamin Franklin, 12203 Berlin, Germany
| | - Elisabeth Naschberger
- Division Molecular and Experimental Surgery, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg, 91054 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Rene Jackstadt
- Cancer Progression and Metastasis Group, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Rudi Beyaert
- VIB-UGent Center for Inflammation Research, Department of Biomedical Molecular Biology, Ghent University, 9052 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Raja Atreya
- Department of Medicine 1, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg, 91054 Erlangen, Germany
- Deutsches Zentrum Immuntherapie, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg, 91054 Erlangen, Germany
- IBDome Consortium, 91054 Erlangen, Germany
- IBDome Consortium, 12203 Berlin, Germany
| | - Anja A Kühl
- IBDome Consortium, 91054 Erlangen, Germany
- IBDome Consortium, 12203 Berlin, Germany
- iPATH.Berlin-Core Unit, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Campus Benjamin Franklin, 12203 Berlin, Germany
| | - Gregor Sturm
- Biocenter, Institute of Bioinformatics, Medical University of Innsbruck, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Miguel Gonzalez-Acera
- Department of Medicine 1, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg, 91054 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Jay V Patankar
- Department of Medicine 1, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg, 91054 Erlangen, Germany
- IBDome Consortium, 91054 Erlangen, Germany
- IBDome Consortium, 12203 Berlin, Germany
| | - Christoph Becker
- Department of Medicine 1, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg, 91054 Erlangen, Germany
- Deutsches Zentrum Immuntherapie, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg, 91054 Erlangen, Germany
- IBDome Consortium, 91054 Erlangen, Germany
- IBDome Consortium, 12203 Berlin, Germany
| | - Britta Siegmund
- Department of Gastroenterology, Rheumatology and Infectious Diseases, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Campus Benjamin Franklin, 12203 Berlin, Germany
- IBDome Consortium, 91054 Erlangen, Germany
- IBDome Consortium, 12203 Berlin, Germany
| | - Zlatko Trajanoski
- IBDome Consortium, 91054 Erlangen, Germany
- IBDome Consortium, 12203 Berlin, Germany
- Biocenter, Institute of Bioinformatics, Medical University of Innsbruck, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Beate Winner
- Deutsches Zentrum Immuntherapie, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg, 91054 Erlangen, Germany
- Department of Stem Cell Biology, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg, 91054 Erlangen, Germany
- Center of Rare Diseases (ZSEER), University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg, 91054 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Markus F Neurath
- Department of Medicine 1, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg, 91054 Erlangen, Germany
- VIB-UGent Center for Inflammation Research, Department of Biomedical Molecular Biology, Ghent University, 9052 Ghent, Belgium
- IBDome Consortium, 91054 Erlangen, Germany
- IBDome Consortium, 12203 Berlin, Germany
| | - Michael Schumann
- Department of Gastroenterology, Rheumatology and Infectious Diseases, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Campus Benjamin Franklin, 12203 Berlin, Germany
- IBDome Consortium, 91054 Erlangen, Germany
- IBDome Consortium, 12203 Berlin, Germany
| | - Claudia Günther
- Department of Medicine 1, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg, 91054 Erlangen, Germany
- Deutsches Zentrum Immuntherapie, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg, 91054 Erlangen, Germany
- IBDome Consortium, 91054 Erlangen, Germany
- IBDome Consortium, 12203 Berlin, Germany
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4
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Grydziuszko E, Phelps A, Bruton K, Jordana M, Koenig JFE. Heterogeneity, subsets, and plasticity of T follicular helper cells in allergy. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2022; 150:990-998. [PMID: 36070826 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2022.08.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2022] [Revised: 07/31/2022] [Accepted: 08/16/2022] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
Abstract
Antibody responses are critical for protection against pathogens. However, diseases such as allergic rhinitis or food allergy result from aberrant production of IgE antibodies against otherwise innocuous environmental antigens. The production of allergen-specific IgE requires interaction between B cells and CD4+ T cells, and a granular understanding of these interactions is required to develop novel therapies for allergic disease. CD4+ T cells are exceptionally heterogeneous in their transcriptional, epigenetic, and proteomic profiles, which poses significant challenges when attempting to define subsets relevant to the study of allergy among a continuum of cells. Defining subsets such as the T follicular helper (TFH) cell cluster provides a shorthand to understand the functions of CD4+ T cells in antibody production and supports mechanistic experimentation for hypothesis-driven discovery. With a focus on allergic disease, this Rostrum article broadly discusses heterogeneity among CD4+ T cells and provides a rationale for subdividing TFH cells into both functional and cytokine-skewed subsets. Further, it highlights the plasticity demonstrated by TFH cells during the primary response and after recall, and it explores the possibility of harnessing this plasticity to reprogram immunity for therapeutic benefit in allergic disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily Grydziuszko
- Department of Medicine, Schroeder Allergy and Immunology Research Institute, McMaster Immunology Research Centre, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Allyssa Phelps
- Department of Medicine, Schroeder Allergy and Immunology Research Institute, McMaster Immunology Research Centre, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Kelly Bruton
- Department of Medicine, Schroeder Allergy and Immunology Research Institute, McMaster Immunology Research Centre, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Manel Jordana
- Department of Medicine, Schroeder Allergy and Immunology Research Institute, McMaster Immunology Research Centre, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Joshua F E Koenig
- Department of Medicine, Schroeder Allergy and Immunology Research Institute, McMaster Immunology Research Centre, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada.
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5
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Krueger A, Łyszkiewicz M, Heissmeyer V. Post-transcriptional control of T-cell development in the thymus. Immunol Lett 2022; 247:1-12. [DOI: 10.1016/j.imlet.2022.04.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2021] [Revised: 03/18/2022] [Accepted: 04/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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6
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Zhong Y, Xiao Q, Li S, Chen L, Long J, Fang W, Yu F, Huang J, Zhao H, Liu D. Bupi Yichang Pill alleviates dextran sulfate sodium-induced ulcerative colitis in mice by regulating the homeostasis of follicular helper T cells. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2022; 100:154091. [PMID: 35395566 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2022.154091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2022] [Revised: 03/07/2022] [Accepted: 03/28/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Follicular helper T (Tfh) cells-based therapy represents a new treatment option for inflammatory bowel disease. Bupi Yichang Pill (BPYCP), a traditional Chinese formula for the treatment of dysentery and diarrhea, exhibits potential anti-inflammatory activities in treating various kinds of inflammation. However, its anti-inflammatory effect on colitis and the underlying mechanisms remain unknown. PURPOSE To explore the protective role and underlying immunomodulatory effects of BPYCP in the treatment of UC. METHODS The dextran sodium sulfate (DSS) free-drinking method induced UC in C57BL/6 mice, and BPYCP was orally administrated at a dosage of 1.5, 3.0, or 6.0 g/kg/day. Throughout the experimental period, the effects of BPYCP on DSS-induced clinical symptoms and disease activity index (DAI) were monitored and analyzed. Hematoxylin-eosin staining was used to observe the histopathological injury of the colon. Flow cytometry was used to detect the levels of Tfh cells, Tfh cell subpopulations, and memory Tfh cells. ELISA, Western blot, and qRT-PCR were used to detect the expression of inflammatory cytokines and Tfh cell-related biomarkers. RESULTS Medium and high dosages of BPYCP effectively alleviated DSS-induced experimental colitis with increased body weight, survival rate and colonic length, and decreased DAI, colonic weight, and colonic index, as well as less ulcer formation and inflammatory cell infiltration, increased anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-10, and decreased pro-inflammatory cytokines IL-17A, IL-6, and TNF-ɑ. Moreover, BPYCP administration significantly decreased the percentage of Tfh cells and the expression of Tfh markers ICOS, PD-1 and Bcl-6 in the mesenteric lymph nodes of colitis mice. In addition, BPYCP treatment obviously decreased the percentages of Tfh1, Tfh17 and Tem-Tfh cells and upregulated Tfr cells in colitis mice. However, there were no significant regulatory effects of BPYCP on Tfh cell response in normal mice. CONCLUSION Taken together, these results demonstrated a protective effect of BPYCP against DSS-induced experimental colitis by regulating Tfh cell homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Youbao Zhong
- Formula-Pattern Research Center, Jiangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanchang, 330004, Jiangxi Province, China; Laboratory Animal Research Center for Science and Technology, Jiangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanchang, 330004, China
| | - Qiuping Xiao
- Research and Development Department, Jiangzhong Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Nanchang, 330004, Jiangxi Province, China
| | - Shanshan Li
- Laboratory Animal Research Center for Science and Technology, Jiangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanchang, 330004, China
| | - Liling Chen
- Laboratory Animal Research Center for Science and Technology, Jiangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanchang, 330004, China
| | - Jian Long
- Department of Postgraduate, Jiangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanchang, 330004, Jiangxi Province, China
| | - Weiyan Fang
- Department of Postgraduate, Jiangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanchang, 330004, Jiangxi Province, China
| | - Feihao Yu
- Department of Postgraduate, Jiangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanchang, 330004, Jiangxi Province, China
| | - Jiaqi Huang
- Department of Postgraduate, Jiangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanchang, 330004, Jiangxi Province, China
| | - Haimei Zhao
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jiangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanchang, 330004, Jiangxi Province, China
| | - Duanyong Liu
- Formula-Pattern Research Center, Jiangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanchang, 330004, Jiangxi Province, China.
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7
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Kalampogias A, Oikonomou E, Siasos G, Theofilis P, Dimitropoulos S, Gazouli M, Gennimata V, Marinos G, Charalambous G, Vavouranakis M, Tsioufis K, Tousoulis D. Differential Expression of microRNAs in acute and chronic heart Failure. Curr Med Chem 2022; 29:5130-5138. [PMID: 35473531 DOI: 10.2174/0929867329666220426095655] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2021] [Revised: 02/23/2022] [Accepted: 03/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND MicroRNAs modify protein expression at a post-transcriptional level and their circulating levels may express the underlying molecular pathways. OBJECTIVE The purpose of this study was to assess the differential expression of microRNAs related to myocardial cell energy substrate, autophagy, and ischaemia in chronic and acute heart failure (HF). METHODS In this case-control study, we studied 19 patients with acute HF (AHF) and 19 patients with chronic HF (CHF). Basic demographic and clinical characteristics were collected from the patients upon arrival, at 48 hours, and at 120 hours. Blood samples for microRNAs measurements (miR-22, -92a, and -499), b type natriuretic peptide (BNP), C reactive protein, and high sensitivity cardiac troponin I were collected in all study points. In this study, we included subjects with a left ventricular ejection fraction of <40%. RESULTS At baseline circulating miR-22 levels were 1.9-fold higher (p<0.001), miR-92a levels were 1.25-fold higher (p=0.003), and miR-499 were 5-times lower (p<0.001) in AHF compared to CHF. Interestingly, circulating miR-499 was found to be associated with BNP levels (r=0.47, p=0.01). At follow-up there was a stepwise increase in the levels of all three examined microRNAs (miR-22, p=0.001, miR-92a, p=0.001, and miR-499, p<0.001) for AHF but not for CHF subjects. CONCLUSIONS MicroRNAs -22, -92a, and -499 are differentially expressed in chronic and acute HF subjects. MicroRNAs signatures are also differentially expressed up to the patients' discharge. These findings may have important implications in diagnosis, progression, and treatment in patients with chronic and acute heart failure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aimilios Kalampogias
- 1st Department of Cardiology, 'Hippokration' General Hospital, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Evangelos Oikonomou
- 1st Department of Cardiology, 'Hippokration' General Hospital, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece.,3rd Department of Cardiology, "Sotiria" Chest Disease Hospital, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Gerasimos Siasos
- 1st Department of Cardiology, 'Hippokration' General Hospital, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece.,3rd Department of Cardiology, "Sotiria" Chest Disease Hospital, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Panagiotis Theofilis
- 1st Department of Cardiology, 'Hippokration' General Hospital, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Stathis Dimitropoulos
- 1st Department of Cardiology, 'Hippokration' General Hospital, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | | | - Vasiliki Gennimata
- 1st Department of Cardiology, 'Hippokration' General Hospital, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Georgios Marinos
- 1st Department of Cardiology, 'Hippokration' General Hospital, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Georgios Charalambous
- 1st Department of Cardiology, 'Hippokration' General Hospital, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Manolis Vavouranakis
- 3rd Department of Cardiology, "Sotiria" Chest Disease Hospital, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Konstantinos Tsioufis
- 1st Department of Cardiology, 'Hippokration' General Hospital, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Dimitris Tousoulis
- 1st Department of Cardiology, 'Hippokration' General Hospital, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
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8
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Diaz-Muñoz MD, Osma-Garcia IC. The RNA regulatory programs that govern lymphocyte development and function. WILEY INTERDISCIPLINARY REVIEWS-RNA 2021; 13:e1683. [PMID: 34327847 DOI: 10.1002/wrna.1683] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2021] [Revised: 05/25/2021] [Accepted: 07/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Lymphocytes require of constant and dynamic changes in their transcriptome for timely activation and production of effector molecules to combat external pathogens. Synthesis and translation of messenger (m)RNAs into these effector proteins is controlled both quantitatively and qualitatively by RNA binding proteins (RBPs). RBP-dependent regulation of RNA editing, subcellular location, stability, and translation shapes immune cell development and immunity. Extensive evidences have now been gathered from few model RBPs, HuR, PTBP1, ZFP36, and Roquin. However, recently developed methodologies for global characterization of protein:RNA interactions suggest the existence of complex RNA regulatory networks in which RBPs co-ordinately regulate the fate of sets of RNAs controlling cellular pathways and functions. In turn, RNA can also act as scaffolding of functionally related proteins modulating their activation and function. Here we review current knowledge about how RBP-dependent regulation of RNA shapes our immune system and discuss about the existence of a hidden immune cell epitranscriptome. This article is categorized under: RNA Interactions with Proteins and Other Molecules > Protein-RNA Interactions: Functional Implications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manuel D Diaz-Muñoz
- Toulouse Institute for Infectious and Inflammatory Diseases, Inserm UMR1291, CNRS UMR5051, University Paul Sabatier, Toulouse, France
| | - Ines C Osma-Garcia
- Toulouse Institute for Infectious and Inflammatory Diseases, Inserm UMR1291, CNRS UMR5051, University Paul Sabatier, Toulouse, France
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9
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Hart AP, Laufer TM. A review of signaling and transcriptional control in T follicular helper cell differentiation. J Leukoc Biol 2021; 111:173-195. [PMID: 33866600 DOI: 10.1002/jlb.1ri0121-066r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
T follicular helper (Tfh) cells are a critical component of adaptive immunity and assist in optimal Ab-mediated defense. Multiple effector functions of Tfh support germinal center B cell survival, Ab class switching, and plasma cell maturation. In the past 2 decades, the phenotype and functional characteristics of GC Tfh have been clarified allowing for robust studies of the Th subset including activation signals and environmental cues controlling Tfh differentiation and migration during an immune response. A unique, 2-step differentiation process of Tfh has been proposed but the mechanisms underlying transition between unstable Tfh precursors and functional mature Tfh remain elusive. Likewise, newly identified transcriptional regulators of Tfh development have not yet been incorporated into our understanding of how these cells might function in disease. Here, we review the signals and downstream transcription factors that shape Tfh differentiation including what is known about the epigenetic processes that maintain Tfh identity. It is proposed that further evaluation of the stepwise differentiation pattern of Tfh will yield greater insights into how these cells become dysregulated in autoimmunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew P Hart
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Terri M Laufer
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA.,Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Corporal Michael C. Crescenz VA Medical Center, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
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10
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Abstract
Posttranscriptional control of mRNA regulates various biological processes, including inflammatory and immune responses. RNA-binding proteins (RBPs) bind cis-regulatory elements in the 3' untranslated regions (UTRs) of mRNA and regulate mRNA turnover and translation. In particular, eight RBPs (TTP, AUF1, KSRP, TIA-1/TIAR, Roquin, Regnase, HuR, and Arid5a) have been extensively studied and are key posttranscriptional regulators of inflammation and immune responses. These RBPs sometimes collaboratively or competitively bind the same target mRNA to enhance or dampen regulatory activities. These RBPs can also bind their own 3' UTRs to negatively or positively regulate their expression. Both upstream signaling pathways and microRNA regulation shape the interactions between RBPs and target RNA. Dysregulation of RBPs results in chronic inflammation and autoimmunity. Here, we summarize the functional roles of these eight RBPs in immunity and their associated diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shizuo Akira
- Laboratory of Host Defense, WPI Immunology Frontier Research Center (IFReC), Osaka University, Osaka 565-0874, Japan.,Department of Host Defense, Division of Host Defense, Research Institute for Microbial Diseases (RIMD), Osaka University, Osaka 565-0874, Japan;
| | - Kazuhiko Maeda
- Laboratory of Host Defense, WPI Immunology Frontier Research Center (IFReC), Osaka University, Osaka 565-0874, Japan.,Department of Host Defense, Division of Host Defense, Research Institute for Microbial Diseases (RIMD), Osaka University, Osaka 565-0874, Japan;
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11
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Wang Z, Zhao M, Yin J, Liu L, Hu L, Huang Y, Liu A, Ouyang J, Min X, Rao S, Zhou W, Wu H, Yoshimura A, Lu Q. E4BP4-mediated inhibition of T follicular helper cell differentiation is compromised in autoimmune diseases. J Clin Invest 2021; 130:3717-3733. [PMID: 32191636 DOI: 10.1172/jci129018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2019] [Accepted: 03/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
T follicular helper (Tfh) cells are indispensable for the formation of germinal center (GC) reactions, whereas T follicular regulatory (Tfr) cells inhibit Tfh-mediated GC responses. Aberrant activation of Tfh cells contributes substantially to the pathogenesis of autoimmune diseases, such as systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). Nonetheless, the molecular mechanisms mitigating excessive Tfh cell differentiation are not fully understood. Herein we demonstrate that the adenovirus E4 promoter-binding protein (E4BP4) mediates a feedback loop and acts as a transcriptional brake to inhibit Tfh cell differentiation. Furthermore, we show that such an immunological mechanism is compromised in patients with SLE. Establishing mice with either conditional knockout (cKO) or knockin (cKI) of the E4bp4 gene in T cells reveals that E4BP4 strongly inhibits Tfh cell differentiation. Mechanistically, E4BP4 regulates Bcl6 transcription by recruiting the repressive epigenetic modifiers HDAC1 and EZH2. E4BP4 phosphorylation site mutants have limited capability with regard to inhibiting Tfh cell differentiation. In SLE, we detected impaired phosphorylation of E4BP4, finding that this compromised transcription factor is positively correlated with disease activity. These findings unveiled molecular mechanisms by which E4BP4 restrains Tfh cell differentiation, whose compromised function is associated with uncontrolled autoimmune reactions in SLE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zijun Wang
- Department of Dermatology, Hunan Key Laboratory of Medical Epigenomics, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Research Unit of Key Technologies of Diagnosis and Treatment for Immune-related Skin Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Changsha, China
| | - Ming Zhao
- Department of Dermatology, Hunan Key Laboratory of Medical Epigenomics, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Research Unit of Key Technologies of Diagnosis and Treatment for Immune-related Skin Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Changsha, China
| | - Jinghua Yin
- Department of Dermatology, Hunan Key Laboratory of Medical Epigenomics, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Research Unit of Key Technologies of Diagnosis and Treatment for Immune-related Skin Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Changsha, China
| | - Limin Liu
- Department of Dermatology, Hunan Key Laboratory of Medical Epigenomics, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Research Unit of Key Technologies of Diagnosis and Treatment for Immune-related Skin Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Changsha, China
| | - Longyuan Hu
- Department of Dermatology, Hunan Key Laboratory of Medical Epigenomics, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Research Unit of Key Technologies of Diagnosis and Treatment for Immune-related Skin Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Changsha, China
| | - Yi Huang
- Department of Dermatology, Hunan Key Laboratory of Medical Epigenomics, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Research Unit of Key Technologies of Diagnosis and Treatment for Immune-related Skin Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Changsha, China
| | - Aiyun Liu
- Department of Dermatology, Hunan Key Laboratory of Medical Epigenomics, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Research Unit of Key Technologies of Diagnosis and Treatment for Immune-related Skin Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Changsha, China
| | - Jiajun Ouyang
- Department of Dermatology, Hunan Key Laboratory of Medical Epigenomics, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Research Unit of Key Technologies of Diagnosis and Treatment for Immune-related Skin Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Changsha, China
| | - Xiaoli Min
- Department of Dermatology, Hunan Key Laboratory of Medical Epigenomics, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Research Unit of Key Technologies of Diagnosis and Treatment for Immune-related Skin Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Changsha, China
| | - Shijia Rao
- Department of Dermatology, Hunan Key Laboratory of Medical Epigenomics, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Research Unit of Key Technologies of Diagnosis and Treatment for Immune-related Skin Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Changsha, China
| | - Wenhui Zhou
- Department of Dermatology, Hunan Key Laboratory of Medical Epigenomics, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Research Unit of Key Technologies of Diagnosis and Treatment for Immune-related Skin Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Changsha, China
| | - Haijing Wu
- Department of Dermatology, Hunan Key Laboratory of Medical Epigenomics, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Research Unit of Key Technologies of Diagnosis and Treatment for Immune-related Skin Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Changsha, China
| | - Akihiko Yoshimura
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Qianjin Lu
- Department of Dermatology, Hunan Key Laboratory of Medical Epigenomics, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Research Unit of Key Technologies of Diagnosis and Treatment for Immune-related Skin Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Changsha, China
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12
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Zeiträg J, Dahlström F, Chang Y, Alterauge D, Richter D, Niemietz J, Baumjohann D. T cell-expressed microRNAs critically regulate germinal center T follicular helper cell function and maintenance in acute viral infection in mice. Eur J Immunol 2020; 51:408-413. [PMID: 32996581 DOI: 10.1002/eji.202048867] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2020] [Revised: 08/25/2020] [Accepted: 09/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Constitutive T cell-intrinsic miRNA expression is required for the differentiation of naïve CD4+ T cells into Tfh cells, thus making it difficult to study the role of miRNAs in the maintenance of already established Tfh cells and ongoing germinal center (GC) responses. To overcome this problem, we here used temporally controlled ablation of mature miRNAs specifically in CD4+ T cells during acute LCMV infection in mice. T cell-intrinsic miRNA expression was not only critical at early stages of Tfh cell differentiation, but also important for the maintenance of already established Tfh cells. In addition, CD4+ T cell-specific ablation of miRNAs resulted in impaired GC B cell responses. Notably, miRNA deficiency also compromised the antigen-specific CD4+ T cell compartment, Th1 cells, Treg cells, and Tfr cells. In conclusion, our results highlight miRNAs as important regulators of Tfh cells, thus providing novel insights into the molecular events that govern T cell-B cell interactions and Th cell identity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia Zeiträg
- Institute for Immunology, Biomedical Center, Faculty of Medicine, LMU Munich, Planegg-Martinsried, Germany
| | - Frank Dahlström
- Institute for Immunology, Biomedical Center, Faculty of Medicine, LMU Munich, Planegg-Martinsried, Germany
| | - Yinshui Chang
- Institute for Immunology, Biomedical Center, Faculty of Medicine, LMU Munich, Planegg-Martinsried, Germany
| | - Dominik Alterauge
- Institute for Immunology, Biomedical Center, Faculty of Medicine, LMU Munich, Planegg-Martinsried, Germany
| | - Daniel Richter
- Anthropology and Human Genomics, Department Biology II, Faculty of Biology, LMU Munich, Planegg-Martinsried, Germany
| | - Julia Niemietz
- Institute for Immunology, Biomedical Center, Faculty of Medicine, LMU Munich, Planegg-Martinsried, Germany
| | - Dirk Baumjohann
- Institute for Immunology, Biomedical Center, Faculty of Medicine, LMU Munich, Planegg-Martinsried, Germany.,Medical Clinic III for Oncology, Hematology, Immuno-Oncology and Rheumatology, University Hospital Bonn, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
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13
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Binas O, Tants JN, Peter SA, Janowski R, Davydova E, Braun J, Niessing D, Schwalbe H, Weigand JE, Schlundt A. Structural basis for the recognition of transiently structured AU-rich elements by Roquin. Nucleic Acids Res 2020; 48:7385-7403. [PMID: 32491174 PMCID: PMC7367199 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkaa465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2020] [Revised: 05/16/2020] [Accepted: 05/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Adenylate/uridylate-rich elements (AREs) are the most common cis-regulatory elements in the 3′-untranslated region (UTR) of mRNAs, where they fine-tune turnover by mediating mRNA decay. They increase plasticity and efficacy of mRNA regulation and are recognized by several ARE-specific RNA-binding proteins (RBPs). Typically, AREs are short linear motifs with a high content of complementary A and U nucleotides and often occur in multiple copies. Although thermodynamically rather unstable, the high AU-content might enable transient secondary structure formation and modify mRNA regulation by RBPs. We have recently suggested that the immunoregulatory RBP Roquin recognizes folded AREs as constitutive decay elements (CDEs), resulting in shape-specific ARE-mediated mRNA degradation. However, the structural evidence for a CDE-like recognition of AREs by Roquin is still lacking. We here present structures of CDE-like folded AREs, both in their free and protein-bound form. Moreover, the AREs in the UCP3 3′-UTR are additionally bound by the canonical ARE-binding protein AUF1 in their linear form, adopting an alternative binding-interface compared to the recognition of their CDE structure by Roquin. Strikingly, our findings thus suggest that AREs can be recognized in multiple ways, allowing control over mRNA regulation by adapting distinct conformational states, thus providing differential accessibility to regulatory RBPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oliver Binas
- Institute for Organic Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Goethe University Frankfurt and Center for Biomolecular Magnetic Resonance (BMRZ), 60438 Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Jan-Niklas Tants
- Institute for Molecular Biosciences, Goethe University Frankfurt and Center for Biomolecular Magnetic Resonance (BMRZ), 60438 Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Stephen A Peter
- Department of Biology, Technical University of Darmstadt, Darmstadt 64287, Germany
| | - Robert Janowski
- Institute of Structural Biology, Helmholtz-Zentrum München, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Elena Davydova
- Institute of Structural Biology, Helmholtz-Zentrum München, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Johannes Braun
- Department of Biology, Technical University of Darmstadt, Darmstadt 64287, Germany
| | - Dierk Niessing
- Institute of Structural Biology, Helmholtz-Zentrum München, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany.,Institute of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Ulm University, 89081 Ulm, Germany
| | - Harald Schwalbe
- Institute for Organic Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Goethe University Frankfurt and Center for Biomolecular Magnetic Resonance (BMRZ), 60438 Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Julia E Weigand
- Department of Biology, Technical University of Darmstadt, Darmstadt 64287, Germany
| | - Andreas Schlundt
- Institute for Molecular Biosciences, Goethe University Frankfurt and Center for Biomolecular Magnetic Resonance (BMRZ), 60438 Frankfurt, Germany
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14
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Bi K, Zhang X, Chen W, Diao H. MicroRNAs Regulate Intestinal Immunity and Gut Microbiota for Gastrointestinal Health: A Comprehensive Review. Genes (Basel) 2020; 11:genes11091075. [PMID: 32932716 PMCID: PMC7564790 DOI: 10.3390/genes11091075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2020] [Revised: 08/24/2020] [Accepted: 09/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
MicroRNAs are small non-coding RNAs regulating gene expression at the post-transcriptional level. The regulation of microRNA expression in the gut intestine is gradually recognized as one of the crucial contributors of intestinal homeostasis and overall health. Recent studies indicated that both the microRNAs endogenous in the gut intestine and exogenous from diets could play influential roles in modulating microbial colonization and intestinal immunity. In this review, we discuss the biological functions of microRNAs in regulating intestinal homeostasis by modulating intestinal immune responses and gut microbiota. We particularly focus on addressing the microRNA-dependent communication and interactions among microRNA, gut microbiota, and intestinal immune system. Besides, we also summarize the roles of diet-derived microRNAs in host-microbiome homeostasis and their benefits on intestinal health. A better understanding of the relationships among intestinal disorders, microRNAs, and other factors influencing intestinal health can facilitate the application of microRNA-based therapeutics for gastrointestinal diseases.
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15
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Maul J, Alterauge D, Baumjohann D. Micro
RNA
‐mediated regulation of T follicular helper and T follicular regulatory cell identity. Immunol Rev 2019; 288:97-111. [DOI: 10.1111/imr.12735] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2018] [Accepted: 12/21/2018] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Julia Maul
- Institute for ImmunologyBiomedical CenterLudwig‐Maximilians‐Universität München Planegg‐Martinsried Germany
| | - Dominik Alterauge
- Institute for ImmunologyBiomedical CenterLudwig‐Maximilians‐Universität München Planegg‐Martinsried Germany
| | - Dirk Baumjohann
- Institute for ImmunologyBiomedical CenterLudwig‐Maximilians‐Universität München Planegg‐Martinsried Germany
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16
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Impact of HVT Vaccination on Splenic miRNA Expression in Marek's Disease Virus Infections. Genes (Basel) 2019; 10:genes10020115. [PMID: 30764490 PMCID: PMC6409792 DOI: 10.3390/genes10020115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2018] [Revised: 01/29/2019] [Accepted: 01/31/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Marek’s Disease is a lymphoproliferative disease of chickens caused by Marek’s Disease Virus. Similar to other herpesviruses, Marek’s Disease Virus (MDV) encodes its own small non-coding regulatory RNAs termed microRNAs (miRNAs). We previously found that the expression profile of these viral miRNAs is affected by vaccination with Herpesvirus of Turkeys (HVT). To further characterize miRNA-mediated gene regulation in MDV infections, in the current study we examine the impact of HVT vaccination on cellular miRNA expression in MDV-infected specific-pathogen-free (SPF) chickens. We used small RNA-seq to identify 24 cellular miRNAs that exhibited altered splenic expression in MDV infected chickens (42 dpi) compared to age-matched uninfected birds. We then used Real Time-quantitative PCR (RT-qPCR) to develop expression profiles of a select group of these host miRNAs in chickens receiving the HVT vaccine and in vaccinated chickens subsequently infected with MDV. As was seen with viral miRNA, host miRNAs had unique splenic expression profiles between chickens infected with HVT, MDV, or co-infected birds. We also discovered a group of transcription factors, using a yeast one-hybrid screen, which regulates immune responses and cell growth pathways and also likely regulates the expression of these cellular miRNAs. Overall, this study suggests cellular miRNAs are likely a critical component of both protection from and progression of Marek’s Disease.
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