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Kyr M, Mudry P, Polaskova K, Dubska LZ, Demlova R, Kubatova J, Hlavackova E, Pilatova KC, Mazanek P, Vejmelkova K, Dusek V, Tinka P, Balaz M, Merta T, Kuttnerova Z, Turekova T, Pavelka Z, Pokorna P, Palova H, Mlnarikova M, Jezova M, Kellnerova R, Kozakova S, Slaby O, Valik D, Sterba J. Personalized dendritic cell vaccine in multimodal individualized combination therapy improves survival in high-risk pediatric cancer patients. Int J Cancer 2024; 155:1443-1454. [PMID: 38958237 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.35062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2023] [Revised: 04/18/2024] [Accepted: 04/19/2024] [Indexed: 07/04/2024]
Abstract
A lot of hope for high-risk cancers is being pinned on immunotherapy but the evidence in children is lacking due to the rarity and limited efficacy of single-agent approaches. Here, we aim to assess the effectiveness of multimodal therapy comprising a personalized dendritic cell (DC) vaccine in children with relapsed and/or high-risk solid tumors using the N-of-1 approach in real-world scenario. A total of 160 evaluable events occurred in 48 patients during the 4-year follow-up. Overall survival of the cohort was 7.03 years. Disease control after vaccination was achieved in 53.8% patients. Comparative survival analysis showed the beneficial effect of DC vaccine beyond 2 years from initial diagnosis (HR = 0.53, P = .048) or in patients with disease control (HR = 0.16, P = .00053). A trend for synergistic effect with metronomic cyclophosphamide and/or vinblastine was indicated (HR = 0.60 P = .225). A strong synergistic effect was found for immune check-point inhibitors (ICIs) after priming with the DC vaccine (HR = 0.40, P = .0047). In conclusion, the personalized DC vaccine was an effective component in the multimodal individualized treatment. Personalized DC vaccine was effective in less burdened or more indolent diseases with a favorable safety profile and synergized with metronomic and/or immunomodulating agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michal Kyr
- Department of Pediatric Oncology, University Hospital Brno and Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
- International Clinical Research Centre, St. Anne's University Hospital in Brno, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Peter Mudry
- Department of Pediatric Oncology, University Hospital Brno and Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Kristyna Polaskova
- Department of Pediatric Oncology, University Hospital Brno and Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Lenka Zdrazilova Dubska
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, University Hospital Brno, Brno, Czech Republic
- Department of Laboratory Methods, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
- Central European Advanced Therapy and Immunotherapy Centre (CREATIC), Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Regina Demlova
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, University Hospital Brno, Brno, Czech Republic
- Central European Advanced Therapy and Immunotherapy Centre (CREATIC), Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Jana Kubatova
- Central European Advanced Therapy and Immunotherapy Centre (CREATIC), Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Eva Hlavackova
- Department of Pediatric Oncology, University Hospital Brno and Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
- Central European Advanced Therapy and Immunotherapy Centre (CREATIC), Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
- Department of Clinical Immunology and Allergology, St. Anne's University Hospital in Brno, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Katerina Cerna Pilatova
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, University Hospital Brno, Brno, Czech Republic
- Central European Advanced Therapy and Immunotherapy Centre (CREATIC), Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Pavel Mazanek
- Department of Pediatric Hematology and Biochemistry, Children's University Hospital Brno, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Klara Vejmelkova
- Department of Pediatric Oncology, University Hospital Brno and Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
- International Clinical Research Centre, St. Anne's University Hospital in Brno, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Vitezslav Dusek
- Department of Pediatric Oncology, University Hospital Brno and Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Pavel Tinka
- Department of Pediatric Oncology, University Hospital Brno and Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
- International Clinical Research Centre, St. Anne's University Hospital in Brno, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Martin Balaz
- Department of Pediatric Oncology, University Hospital Brno and Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Tomas Merta
- Department of Pediatric Oncology, University Hospital Brno and Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Zuzana Kuttnerova
- Department of Pediatric Oncology, University Hospital Brno and Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Terezia Turekova
- Department of Pediatric Oncology, University Hospital Brno and Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Zdenek Pavelka
- Department of Pediatric Oncology, University Hospital Brno and Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Petra Pokorna
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Medicine and Central European Institute of Technology, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Hana Palova
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Medicine and Central European Institute of Technology, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Marie Mlnarikova
- Central European Advanced Therapy and Immunotherapy Centre (CREATIC), Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Marta Jezova
- Department of Pathology, University Hospital Brno and Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Renata Kellnerova
- Department of Pediatric Oncology, University Hospital Brno and Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Sarka Kozakova
- Department of Pharmacy, University Hospital Brno, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Ondrej Slaby
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Medicine and Central European Institute of Technology, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Dalibor Valik
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, University Hospital Brno, Brno, Czech Republic
- Department of Laboratory Methods, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
- Central European Advanced Therapy and Immunotherapy Centre (CREATIC), Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Jaroslav Sterba
- Department of Pediatric Oncology, University Hospital Brno and Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
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Liu W, Kuang T, Liu L, Deng W. The role of innate immune cells in the colorectal cancer tumor microenvironment and advances in anti-tumor therapy research. Front Immunol 2024; 15:1407449. [PMID: 39100676 PMCID: PMC11294098 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1407449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2024] [Accepted: 06/25/2024] [Indexed: 08/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Innate immune cells in the colorectal cancer microenvironment mainly include macrophages, neutrophils, natural killer cells, dendritic cells and bone marrow-derived suppressor cells. They play a pivotal role in tumor initiation and progression through the secretion of diverse cytokines, chemokines, and other factors that govern these processes. Colorectal cancer is a common malignancy of the gastrointestinal tract, and understanding the role of innate immune cells in the microenvironment of CRC may help to improve therapeutic approaches to CRC and increase the good prognosis. In this review, we comprehensively explore the pivotal role of innate immune cells in the initiation and progression of colorectal cancer (CRC), alongside an extensive evaluation of the current landscape of innate immune cell-based immunotherapies, thereby offering valuable insights for future research strategies and clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Wenhong Deng
- Department of General Surgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
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3
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Chen MY, Zhang F, Goedegebuure SP, Gillanders WE. Dendritic cell subsets and implications for cancer immunotherapy. Front Immunol 2024; 15:1393451. [PMID: 38903502 PMCID: PMC11188312 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1393451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2024] [Accepted: 05/22/2024] [Indexed: 06/22/2024] Open
Abstract
Dendritic cells (DCs) play a central role in the orchestration of effective T cell responses against tumors. However, their functional behavior is context-dependent. DC type, transcriptional program, location, intratumoral factors, and inflammatory milieu all impact DCs with regard to promoting or inhibiting tumor immunity. The following review introduces important facets of DC function, and how subset and phenotype can affect the interplay of DCs with other factors in the tumor microenvironment. It will also discuss how current cancer treatment relies on DC function, and survey the myriad ways with which immune therapy can more directly harness DCs to enact antitumor cytotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Y. Chen
- Department of Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, United States
| | - Felicia Zhang
- Department of Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, United States
| | - Simon Peter Goedegebuure
- Department of Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, United States
- Alvin J. Siteman Cancer Center at Barnes-Jewish Hospital, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, United States
| | - William E. Gillanders
- Department of Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, United States
- Alvin J. Siteman Cancer Center at Barnes-Jewish Hospital, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, United States
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4
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Park R, Saeed A. Immunotherapy in Colorectal Cancer - Finding the Achilles' Heel. NEJM EVIDENCE 2024; 3:EVIDra2300353. [PMID: 38804784 DOI: 10.1056/evidra2300353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2024]
Abstract
AbstractColorectal cancer treatment has evolved considerably in the last decade with the development of immunotherapies. Immune checkpoint inhibitor therapies have brisk and durable responses in patients with advanced microsatellite instability-high colorectal cancer, both surgically resectable and unresectable; however, patients with microsatellite stable colorectal cancer in general do not respond to the same therapy. Emerging evidence shows that immune checkpoint inhibitors may elicit responses in subsets of patients with microsatellite stable colorectal cancer, especially when combined with other anticancer agents that can modulate the tumor microenvironment. Therefore, rationally designed therapeutic combinations involving immune checkpoint inhibitors, as well as the development of predictive biomarkers for optimal patient selection, have emerged as two key areas of active research. In addition, other immunotherapeutic agents such as cell-based therapies and bispecific T-cell engagers are beginning to be studied in preclinical and early-phase settings. Although by no means a universal treatment strategy, immunotherapy can elicit responses in microsatellite stable colorectal cancer and further research is needed to extend their benefit to patients with microsatellite stable colorectal cancer. Here, we review the current state of immunotherapeutic regimens for microsatellite stable colorectal cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robin Park
- Division of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, FL
- Department of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL
| | - Anwaar Saeed
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology and Oncology, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh
- UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, Pittsburgh
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5
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Heras-Murillo I, Adán-Barrientos I, Galán M, Wculek SK, Sancho D. Dendritic cells as orchestrators of anticancer immunity and immunotherapy. Nat Rev Clin Oncol 2024; 21:257-277. [PMID: 38326563 DOI: 10.1038/s41571-024-00859-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/09/2024] [Indexed: 02/09/2024]
Abstract
Dendritic cells (DCs) are a heterogeneous group of antigen-presenting innate immune cells that regulate adaptive immunity, including against cancer. Therefore, understanding the precise activities of DCs in tumours and patients with cancer is important. The classification of DC subsets has historically been based on ontogeny; however, single-cell analyses are now additionally revealing a diversity of functional states of DCs in cancer. DCs can promote the activation of potent antitumour T cells and immune responses via numerous mechanisms, although they can also be hijacked by tumour-mediated factors to contribute to immune tolerance and cancer progression. Consequently, DC activities are often key determinants of the efficacy of immunotherapies, including immune-checkpoint inhibitors. Potentiating the antitumour functions of DCs or using them as tools to orchestrate short-term and long-term anticancer immunity has immense but as-yet underexploited therapeutic potential. In this Review, we outline the nature and emerging complexity of DC states as well as their functions in regulating adaptive immunity across different cancer types. We also describe how DCs are required for the success of current immunotherapies and explore the inherent potential of targeting DCs for cancer therapy. We focus on novel insights on DCs derived from patients with different cancers, single-cell studies of DCs and their relevance to therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ignacio Heras-Murillo
- Immunobiology Laboratory, Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares (CNIC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Irene Adán-Barrientos
- Immunobiology Laboratory, Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares (CNIC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Miguel Galán
- Immunobiology Laboratory, Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares (CNIC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Stefanie K Wculek
- Innate Immune Biology Laboratory, Institute for Research in Biomedicine (IRB Barcelona), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (BIST), Barcelona, Spain.
| | - David Sancho
- Immunobiology Laboratory, Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares (CNIC), Madrid, Spain.
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Hato L, Vizcay A, Eguren I, Pérez-Gracia JL, Rodríguez J, Gállego Pérez-Larraya J, Sarobe P, Inogés S, Díaz de Cerio AL, Santisteban M. Dendritic Cells in Cancer Immunology and Immunotherapy. Cancers (Basel) 2024; 16:981. [PMID: 38473341 DOI: 10.3390/cancers16050981] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2023] [Revised: 02/15/2024] [Accepted: 02/23/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Cancer immunotherapy modulates the immune system, overcomes immune escape and stimulates immune defenses against tumors. Dendritic cells (DCs) are professional promoters of immune responses against tumor antigens with the outstanding ability to coordinate the innate and adaptive immune systems. Evidence suggests that there is a decrease in both the number and function of DCs in cancer patients. Therefore, they represent a strong scaffold for therapeutic interventions. DC vaccination (DCV) is safe, and the antitumoral responses induced are well established in solid tumors. Although the addition of checkpoint inhibitors (CPIs) to chemotherapy has provided new options in the treatment of cancer, they have shown no clinical benefit in immune desert tumors or in those tumors with dysfunctional or exhausted T-cells. In this way, DC-based therapy has demonstrated the ability to modify the tumor microenvironment for immune enriched tumors and to potentiate systemic host immune responses as an active approach to treating cancer patients. Application of DCV in cancer seeks to obtain long-term antitumor responses through an improved T-cell priming by enhancing previous or generating de novo immune responses. To date, DCV has induced immune responses in the peripheral blood of patients without a significant clinical impact on outcome. Thus, improvements in vaccines formulations, selection of patients based on biomarkers and combinations with other antitumoral therapies are needed to enhance patient survival. In this work, we review the role of DCV in different solid tumors with their strengths and weaknesses, and we finally mention new trends to improve the efficacy of this immune strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Hato
- Immunology, Riberalab, 03203 Alicante, Spain
| | - Angel Vizcay
- Medical Oncology, Clínica Universidad de Navarra, 31008 Pamplona, Spain
- IdiSNA, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Navarra, 31008 Pamplona, Spain
| | - Iñaki Eguren
- Medical Oncology, Clínica Universidad de Navarra, 31008 Pamplona, Spain
| | | | - Javier Rodríguez
- Medical Oncology, Clínica Universidad de Navarra, 31008 Pamplona, Spain
- IdiSNA, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Navarra, 31008 Pamplona, Spain
| | | | - Pablo Sarobe
- IdiSNA, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Navarra, 31008 Pamplona, Spain
- Program of Immunology and Immunotherapy, Centro de Investigación Médica Aplicada (CIMA), Universidad de Navarra, 31008 Pamplona, Spain
- CIBEREHD, 31008 Pamplona, Spain
| | - Susana Inogés
- IdiSNA, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Navarra, 31008 Pamplona, Spain
- Cell Therapy Unit, Program of Immunology and Immunotherapy, Clínica Universidad de Navarra, 31008 Pamplona, Spain
| | - Ascensión López Díaz de Cerio
- IdiSNA, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Navarra, 31008 Pamplona, Spain
- Cell Therapy Unit, Program of Immunology and Immunotherapy, Clínica Universidad de Navarra, 31008 Pamplona, Spain
| | - Marta Santisteban
- Medical Oncology, Clínica Universidad de Navarra, 31008 Pamplona, Spain
- IdiSNA, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Navarra, 31008 Pamplona, Spain
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Lee JU, Kim SH, Lee SH, Ji MJ, Jin JA, So HJ, Song ML, Lee HK, Kang TW. Combinational Pulsing of TAAs Enforces Dendritic Cell-Based Immunotherapy through T-Cell Proliferation and Interferon-γ Secretion in LLC1 Mouse Model. Cancers (Basel) 2024; 16:409. [PMID: 38254898 PMCID: PMC10814594 DOI: 10.3390/cancers16020409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2023] [Revised: 01/10/2024] [Accepted: 01/16/2024] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
NSCLC, the most common type of lung cancer, is often diagnosed late due to minimal early symptoms. Its high risk of recurrence or metastasis post-chemotherapy makes DC-based immunotherapy a promising strategy, offering targeted cancer destruction, low side effects, memory formation, and overcoming the immune evasive ability of cancers. However, the limited response to DCs pulsed with single antigens remains a significant challenge. To overcome this, we enhanced DC antigen presentation by pulsing with TAAs. Our study focused on enhancing DC-mediated immune response specificity and intensity by combinatorial pulsing of TAAs, selected for their prevalence in NSCLC. We selected four types of TAAs expressed in NSCLC and pulsed DCs with the optimal combination. Next, we administered TAAs-pulsed DCs into the LLC1 mouse model to evaluate their anti-tumor efficacy. Our results showed that TAAs-pulsed DCs significantly reduced tumor size and promoted apoptosis in tumor tissue. Moreover, TAAs-pulsed DCs significantly increased total T cells in the spleen compared to the unpulsed DCs. Additionally, in vitro stimulation of splenocytes from the TAAs-pulsed DCs showed notable T-cell proliferation and increased IFN-γ secretion. Our findings demonstrate the potential of multiple TAA pulsing to enhance the antigen-presenting capacity of DCs, thereby strengthening the immune response against tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jae-Ung Lee
- Institute of Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, EHLBio Co., Ltd., Uiwang-si 16006, Republic of Korea; (J.-U.L.); (S.-H.K.)
| | - Sang-Heon Kim
- Institute of Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, EHLBio Co., Ltd., Uiwang-si 16006, Republic of Korea; (J.-U.L.); (S.-H.K.)
| | - Sung-Hoon Lee
- Institute of Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, EHLBio Co., Ltd., Uiwang-si 16006, Republic of Korea; (J.-U.L.); (S.-H.K.)
| | - Min-Jae Ji
- Institute of Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, EHLBio Co., Ltd., Uiwang-si 16006, Republic of Korea; (J.-U.L.); (S.-H.K.)
| | - Jeong-Ah Jin
- Institute of Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, EHLBio Co., Ltd., Uiwang-si 16006, Republic of Korea; (J.-U.L.); (S.-H.K.)
| | - Hyung-Joon So
- Institute of Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, EHLBio Co., Ltd., Uiwang-si 16006, Republic of Korea; (J.-U.L.); (S.-H.K.)
| | | | - Hong-Ki Lee
- Institute of Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, EHLBio Co., Ltd., Uiwang-si 16006, Republic of Korea; (J.-U.L.); (S.-H.K.)
- EHLCell Clinic, Seoul 06029, Republic of Korea
| | - Tae-Wook Kang
- Institute of Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, EHLBio Co., Ltd., Uiwang-si 16006, Republic of Korea; (J.-U.L.); (S.-H.K.)
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Xie X, Lu Y, Wang B, Yin X, Chen J. DOCK4 is a Novel Prognostic Biomarker and Correlated with Immune Infiltrates in Colon Adenocarcinoma. Comb Chem High Throughput Screen 2024; 27:1119-1130. [PMID: 37702239 DOI: 10.2174/1386207326666230912094101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2022] [Revised: 06/26/2023] [Accepted: 07/19/2023] [Indexed: 09/14/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Dedicator for cytokinesis 4 (DOCK4) is a guanine nucleotide exchange factor (GEF) for the small GTPase Rac1. However, the functions of DOCK4 concerning the tumor microenvironment (TME) in colon adenocarcinoma (COAD) remain uncertain. METHODS The TIMER and GEPIA databases were used to analyze the DOCK4 expression between COAD tissues and adjunct normal tissues. The PrognoScan database was used to assess the prognosis of DOCK4 expression in COAD. The co-expression networks of DOCK4 in COAD were constructed by the LinkedOmics website. Furthermore, the correlation between DOCK4 expression and TME of COAD was explored using TIMER and TISIDB databases. Finally, the clone formation assay was used to further verify the function of DOCK4 in COAD. The Western blotting assay was used to confirm the mechanism related to DOCK4 in COAD. RESULTS The DOCK4 expression was different significantly in COAD tissues and paracancerous tissues. The DOCK4 was found to play a poor role in the prognosis of patients with COAD. The DOCK4 was found to participate in the TME by promoting immune evasion of COAD. The reduction of DOCK4 expression inhibited the clone formation and Ras-associated protein 1A (Rap1A) expression of HCT116 cells. CONCLUSIONS DOCK4 potentially plays an important role in the regulation of TME in COAD. DOCK4 facilitates the development through the Rap1A pathway, thus becoming a novel prognostic biomarker in COAD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xingjiang Xie
- Department of General Surgery, Wenjiang District People's Hospital of Chengdu, Chengdu, Sichuan, 611130, China
| | - Yi Lu
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology Suining Central Hospital, Suining, Sichuan, 629000, China
| | - Bo Wang
- Department of General Surgery, Wenjiang District People's Hospital of Chengdu, Chengdu, Sichuan, 611130, China
| | - Xiaobin Yin
- Department of General Surgery, Wenjiang District People's Hospital of Chengdu, Chengdu, Sichuan, 611130, China
| | - Jianfeng Chen
- Department of General Surgery, Wenjiang District People's Hospital of Chengdu, Chengdu, Sichuan, 611130, China
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Kitamura Y, Konya C. Attitudes, expectations, and lived experiences of cancer patients receiving dendritic cell vaccine therapy in Japan. Asia Pac J Oncol Nurs 2023; 10:100317. [PMID: 38059207 PMCID: PMC10696395 DOI: 10.1016/j.apjon.2023.100317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2023] [Accepted: 10/08/2023] [Indexed: 12/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective Immunotherapeutic approaches to cancer, such as dendritic cell vaccine therapy, promise to improve survival rate but may present unique challenges to patients. However, there is no research on the lived experiences of cancer patients receiving dendritic cell vaccine therapy. The aim of this study was to explore the attitudes, expectations, and experiences of cancer patients receiving dendritic cell vaccine therapy in Japan. Methods This was an exploratory qualitative study. A descriptive phenomenological approach was used to investigate the experiences of eight advanced-stage cancer patients (median age: 59.5 years). Data were collected between July 2018 and March 2020 using in-depth semi-structured interviews. Data were analyzed according to Colaizzi's seven-step phenomenological strategy, and EQUATOR's Consolidated Criteria for Reporting Qualitative Research (COREQ) guidelines for qualitative studies were followed. Results Four themes emerged from the data analysis: strong concerns about chemotherapy, faith in dendritic cell vaccine therapy, motivation to succeed, and physical and mental changes. The first two themes related to pretreatment attitudes and expectations. The latter two themes expressed participants' experiences during and after therapy. Conclusions Dendritic cell vaccine therapy patients expressed fears about the effects of standard treatment, and hope and uncertainty regarding immunotherapy treatment decisions and efficacy. The findings suggest that such patients require nursing care that includes prevention and reduction of chemotherapy side effects, careful observation of patients' well-being, management of patients' expectations and uncertainty, formation of patient-health care practitioner partnerships, and team medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Chizuko Konya
- School of Nursing, Ishikawa Prefectural Nursing University, Kahoku, Japan
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10
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Chang H, Wen X, Li Z, Ling Z, Zheng Y, Xu C. Co-delivery of dendritic cell vaccine and anti-PD-1 antibody with cryomicroneedles for combinational immunotherapy. Bioeng Transl Med 2023; 8:e10457. [PMID: 37693072 PMCID: PMC10487323 DOI: 10.1002/btm2.10457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2022] [Revised: 11/02/2022] [Accepted: 11/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Combinational immunotherapy of dendritic cell (DC) vaccines and anti-programmed cell death protein 1 antibodies (aPD1) has been regarded as a promising strategy for cancer treatment because it not only induces tumor-specific T cell immune responses, but also prevents failure of T cell functions by the immune suppressive milieu of tumors. Microneedles have emerged as an innovative platform for efficient transdermal immunotherapies. However, co-delivery of DC vaccines and aPD1 via microneedles has not been studied since conventional microneedle platforms are unsuitable for fragile therapeutics like living cells and antibodies. This study employs our newly invented cryomicroneedles (cryoMNs) to co-deliver DC vaccines and aPD1 for the combinational immunotherapy. CryoMNs are fabricated by stepwise cryogenic micromoulding of cryogenic medium with pre-suspended DCs and aPD1, which are further integrated with a homemade handle for convenient application. The viability of DCs in cryoMNs remains above 85%. CryoMNs are mechanically strong enough to insert into porcine and mouse skin, successfully releasing DCs and aPD1 inside skin tissue after melting. Co-delivery of ovalbumin (OVA)-pulsed DCs (OVA-DCs) and aPD1 via cryoMNs induced higher antigen-specific cellular immune responses compared with the mono-delivery of OVA-DCs or aPD1. Finally, administration with cryoMNs co-encapsulated with OVA-DCs and aPD1 increases the infiltration of effector T cells in the tumor, resulting in stronger anti-tumor therapeutic efficacy in both prophylactic and therapeutic melanoma models compared with administration with cryoMNs loaded with OVA-DCs or aPD1. This study demonstrates the great potential of cryoMNs as a co-delivery system of therapeutic cells and biomacromolecules for combinational therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Chang
- The Cancer Hospital of the University of Chinese Academy of Sciences (Zhejiang Cancer Hospital)Institute of Basic Medicine and Cancer (IBMC), Chinese Academy of SciencesHangzhouZhejiangChina
- Department of Biomedical EngineeringCity University of Hong KongHong KongChina
| | - Xueyu Wen
- The Cancer Hospital of the University of Chinese Academy of Sciences (Zhejiang Cancer Hospital)Institute of Basic Medicine and Cancer (IBMC), Chinese Academy of SciencesHangzhouZhejiangChina
| | - Zhiming Li
- The Cancer Hospital of the University of Chinese Academy of Sciences (Zhejiang Cancer Hospital)Institute of Basic Medicine and Cancer (IBMC), Chinese Academy of SciencesHangzhouZhejiangChina
| | - Zhixin Ling
- The Cancer Hospital of the University of Chinese Academy of Sciences (Zhejiang Cancer Hospital)Institute of Basic Medicine and Cancer (IBMC), Chinese Academy of SciencesHangzhouZhejiangChina
| | - Yanting Zheng
- The Cancer Hospital of the University of Chinese Academy of Sciences (Zhejiang Cancer Hospital)Institute of Basic Medicine and Cancer (IBMC), Chinese Academy of SciencesHangzhouZhejiangChina
- College of Pharmaceutical Science, Zhejiang University of TechnologyHangzhouZhejiangChina
| | - Chenjie Xu
- Department of Biomedical EngineeringCity University of Hong KongHong KongChina
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11
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Einloth KR, Gayfield S, McMaster T, Didier A, Dworkin L, Creeden JF. The application, safety, and future of ex vivo immune cell therapies and prognosis in different malignancies. BIOIMPACTS : BI 2023; 13:439-455. [PMID: 38022382 PMCID: PMC10676524 DOI: 10.34172/bi.2023.27521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2022] [Revised: 04/11/2023] [Accepted: 04/26/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023]
Abstract
Introduction Immunotherapy has revolutionized how cancer is treated. Many of these immunotherapies rely on ex vivo expansion of immune cells, classically T cells. Still, several immunological obstacles remain, including tumor impermeability by immune cells and the immunosuppressive nature of the tumor microenvironment (TME). Logistically, high costs of treatment and variable clinical responses have also plagued traditional T cell-based immunotherapies. Methods To review the existing literature on cellular immunotherapy, the PubMed database was searched for publications using variations of the phrases "cancer immunotherapy", "ex vivo expansion", and "adoptive cell therapy". The Clinicaltrials.gov database was searched for clinical trials related to ex vivo cellular therapies using the same phrases. The National Comprehensive Cancer Network guidelines for cancer treatment were also referenced. Results To circumvent the challenges of traditional T cell-based immunotherapies, researchers have developed newer therapies including tumor infiltrating lymphocyte (TIL), chimeric antigen receptor (CAR), T cell receptor (TCR) modified T cell, and antibody-armed T cell therapies. Additionally, newer immunotherapeutic strategies have used other immune cells, including natural killer (NK) and dendritic cells (DC), to modulate the T cell immune response to cancers. From a prognostic perspective, circulating tumor cells (CTC) have been used to predict cancer morbidity and mortality. Conclusion This review highlights the mechanism and clinical utility of various types of ex vivo cellular therapies in the treatment of cancer. Comparing these therapies or using them in combination may lead to more individualized and less toxic chemotherapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katelyn R. Einloth
- Department of Medicine, University of Toledo College of Medicine and Life Sciences, Toledo, OH 43614, USA
| | - Scott Gayfield
- Department of Medicine, University of Toledo College of Medicine and Life Sciences, Toledo, OH 43614, USA
| | - Thomas McMaster
- Department of Medicine, University of Toledo College of Medicine and Life Sciences, Toledo, OH 43614, USA
| | - Alexander Didier
- Department of Medicine, University of Toledo College of Medicine and Life Sciences, Toledo, OH 43614, USA
| | - Lance Dworkin
- Department of Medicine, University of Toledo College of Medicine and Life Sciences, Toledo, OH 43614, USA
| | - Justin Fortune Creeden
- Department of Cancer Biology, University of Toledo College of Medicine and Life Sciences, Toledo, OH, USA
- Department of Neurosciences, University of Toledo College of Medicine and Life Sciences, Toledo, OH, USA
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12
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Xiao Z, Wang R, Wang X, Yang H, Dong J, He X, Yang Y, Guo J, Cui J, Zhou Z. Impaired function of dendritic cells within the tumor microenvironment. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1213629. [PMID: 37441069 PMCID: PMC10333501 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1213629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2023] [Accepted: 06/13/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Dendritic cells (DCs), a class of professional antigen-presenting cells, are considered key factors in the initiation and maintenance of anti-tumor immunity due to their powerful ability to present antigen and stimulate T-cell responses. The important role of DCs in controlling tumor growth and mediating potent anti-tumor immunity has been demonstrated in various cancer models. Accordingly, the infiltration of stimulatory DCs positively correlates with the prognosis and response to immunotherapy in a variety of solid tumors. However, accumulating evidence indicates that DCs exhibit a significantly dysfunctional state, ultimately leading to an impaired anti-tumor immune response due to the effects of the immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment (TME). Currently, numerous preclinical and clinical studies are exploring immunotherapeutic strategies to better control tumors by restoring or enhancing the activity of DCs in tumors, such as the popular DC-based vaccines. In this review, an overview of the role of DCs in controlling tumor progression is provided, followed by a summary of the current advances in understanding the mechanisms by which the TME affects the normal function of DCs, and concluding with a brief discussion of current strategies for DC-based tumor immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhihua Xiao
- Department of Pharmacy, Zhuhai People’s Hospital (Zhuhai Hospital Affiliated with Jinan University), Zhuhai, China
- College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ruiqi Wang
- Department of Pharmacy, Zhuhai People’s Hospital (Zhuhai Hospital Affiliated with Jinan University), Zhuhai, China
| | - Xuyan Wang
- Department of Pharmacy, Zhuhai People’s Hospital (Zhuhai Hospital Affiliated with Jinan University), Zhuhai, China
| | - Haikui Yang
- Department of Pharmacy, Zhuhai People’s Hospital (Zhuhai Hospital Affiliated with Jinan University), Zhuhai, China
| | - Jiamei Dong
- Department of Pharmacy, Zhuhai People’s Hospital (Zhuhai Hospital Affiliated with Jinan University), Zhuhai, China
| | - Xin He
- Department of Pharmacy, Zhuhai People’s Hospital (Zhuhai Hospital Affiliated with Jinan University), Zhuhai, China
| | - Yang Yang
- Department of Pharmacy, Zhuhai People’s Hospital (Zhuhai Hospital Affiliated with Jinan University), Zhuhai, China
| | - Jiahao Guo
- Department of Pharmacy, Zhuhai People’s Hospital (Zhuhai Hospital Affiliated with Jinan University), Zhuhai, China
- College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jiawen Cui
- Department of Pharmacy, Zhuhai People’s Hospital (Zhuhai Hospital Affiliated with Jinan University), Zhuhai, China
- College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhiling Zhou
- Department of Pharmacy, Zhuhai People’s Hospital (Zhuhai Hospital Affiliated with Jinan University), Zhuhai, China
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13
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Manthopoulou E, Ramai D, Dhar J, Samanta J, Ioannou A, Lusina E, Sacco R, Facciorusso A. Cholangiocarcinoma in the Era of Immunotherapy. Vaccines (Basel) 2023; 11:1062. [PMID: 37376451 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines11061062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2023] [Revised: 05/27/2023] [Accepted: 06/03/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Cholangiocarcinoma (CCA) is a rare malignancy of the gastrointestinal tract, with aggressive behavior, and portends a poor prognosis. Traditionally, it is classified according to its site of involvement as intrahepatic, perihilar, and distal cholangiocarcinoma. A host of genetic and epigenetic factors have been involved in its pathogenesis. Chemotherapy has remained the standard first-line treatment over the last decade, with a disappointing median overall survival of 11 months for locally advanced and metastatic CCA. The advent of immunotherapy has revolutionized the treatment of many pancreaticobiliary malignancies, offering durable responses with a safe therapeutic profile. To date, there have been no significant advances in the management of CCA. Novel immunotherapeutic methods, such as cancer vaccines, adoptive cell therapy, and combinations of immune checkpoint inhibitors with other agents, are currently under investigation and may improve prognosis with overall survival. Efforts to find robust biomarkers for response to treatment along with multiple clinical trials are also ongoing in this regard. In this review, we present an overview of the current advances and the future perspectives of immunotherapy in the management of CCA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eleni Manthopoulou
- Department of Gastroenterology, St. Savvas Oncology Hospital of Athens, 11522 Athens, Greece
| | - Daryl Ramai
- Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University of Utah Health, Salt Lake City, UT 801385, USA
| | - Jahnvi Dhar
- Department of Gastroenterology, Sohana Multi-Speciality Hospital, Mohali 140308, India
- Department of Gastroenterology, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh 160012, India
| | - Jayanta Samanta
- Department of Gastroenterology, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh 160012, India
| | - Alexandros Ioannou
- Department of Gastroenterology, Alexandra General Hospital, Lourou 4-2, 11528 Athens, Greece
| | - Ekaterina Lusina
- Therapeutic Unit, Gastroenterology Department, Chaika Clinics, Lesnaya Street 9, 125196 Moscow, Russia
| | - Rodolfo Sacco
- Department Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Foggia, Viale Luigi Pinto 1, 71122 Foggia, Italy
| | - Antonio Facciorusso
- Department Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Foggia, Viale Luigi Pinto 1, 71122 Foggia, Italy
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14
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Masoumi J, Zainodini N, Basirjafar P, Tavakoli T, Zandvakili R, Nemati M, Ramezani M, Rezayati MT, Ayoobi F, Khademalhosseini M, Khorramdelazad H, Arman R, Jafarzadeh A. Apelin receptor antagonist boosts dendritic cell vaccine efficacy in controlling angiogenic, metastatic and apoptotic-related factors in 4T1 breast tumor-bearing mice. Med Oncol 2023; 40:179. [PMID: 37188900 DOI: 10.1007/s12032-023-02030-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2022] [Accepted: 04/12/2023] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Apelin/APJ axis plays a critical role in cancer progression, thus its targeting inhibits tumor growth. However, blocking of Apelin/APJ axis in combination with immunotherapeutic approaches may be more effective. This study aimed to investigate the effects of APJ antagonist ML221 in combination with a DC vaccine on angiogenic, metastatic and apoptotic-related factors in a breast cancer (BC) model. Four groups of female BALB/c mice with 4T1-induced BC were treated with PBS, APJ antagonist ML221, DC vaccine, and "ML221 + DC vaccine". After completion of the treatment, the mice were sacrificed and the serum levels of IL-9 and IL-35 as well as the mRNA expression of angiogenesis (including VEGF, FGF-2, and TGF-β), metastasis (including MMP-2, MMP-9, CXCR4) and apoptosis-related markers (Bcl-2, Bax, Caspase-3) in tumor tissues were determined using ELISA and real-time PCR, respectively. Angiogenesis was also evaluated by co-immunostaining of tumor tissues with CD31 and DAPI. Primary tumor metastasis to the liver was analyzed using hematoxylin-eosin staining. The efficiency of combination therapy with "ML221 + DC vaccine" was remarkably higher than single therapies in preventing liver metastasis compared to the control group. In comparison with the control group, combination therapy could significantly reduce the expression of MMP-2, MMP-9, CXCR4, VEGF, FGF-2, and TGF-β in tumor tissues (P < 0.05). It also decreased the serum level of IL-9 and IL-35 compared with the control group (P < 0.0001). Moreover, vascular density and vessel diameter were significantly reduced in the combination therapy group compared with the control group (P < 0.0001). Overall, our findings demonstrate that combination therapy using a blocker of the apelin/APJ axis and DC vaccine can be considered a promising therapeutic program in cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Javad Masoumi
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences, Rafsanjan, Iran
- Molecular Medicine Research Center, Research Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences, Rafsanjan, Iran
- Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Nahid Zainodini
- Immunology of Infectious Diseases Research Center, Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences, Rafsanjan, Iran
| | - Pedram Basirjafar
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences, Rafsanjan, Iran
- Molecular Medicine Research Center, Research Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences, Rafsanjan, Iran
| | - Tayyebeh Tavakoli
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences, Rafsanjan, Iran
- Molecular Medicine Research Center, Research Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences, Rafsanjan, Iran
| | - Raziyeh Zandvakili
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences, Rafsanjan, Iran
- Molecular Medicine Research Center, Research Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences, Rafsanjan, Iran
| | - Maryam Nemati
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Mahnaz Ramezani
- Immunology of Infectious Diseases Research Center, Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences, Rafsanjan, Iran
| | - Mohammad-Taghi Rezayati
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences, Rafsanjan, Iran
- Molecular Medicine Research Center, Research Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences, Rafsanjan, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Ayoobi
- Occupational Safety and Health Research Center, NICICO, World Safety Organization and Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences, Rafsanjan, Iran
| | - Morteza Khademalhosseini
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences, Rafsanjan, Iran
| | - Hossein Khorramdelazad
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences, Rafsanjan, Iran
- Molecular Medicine Research Center, Research Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences, Rafsanjan, Iran
| | - Rostamlou Arman
- Department of Medical Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of EGE, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Abdollah Jafarzadeh
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences, Rafsanjan, Iran.
- Molecular Medicine Research Center, Research Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences, Rafsanjan, Iran.
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran.
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15
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Skouteris N, Papageorgiou G, Fioretzaki R, Charalampakis N, Schizas D, Kykalos S, Tolia M. Immune checkpoint inhibitors and combinations with other agents in cholangiocarcinoma. Immunotherapy 2023; 15:487-502. [PMID: 36876442 DOI: 10.2217/imt-2022-0225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Cholangiocarcinoma consists of a heterogeneous group of malignancies with generally poor prognoses. Immunotherapy has emerged in the treatment landscape of many tumors, offering survival benefits, but data regarding the use of immunotherapy for cholangiocarcinoma remain vague. In this review, the authors analyze differences in the tumor microenvironment and various immune escape mechanisms and discuss available immunotherapy combinations with other agents among completed and ongoing clinical trials, such as chemotherapy, targeted agents, antiangiogenic drugs, local ablative therapies, cancer vaccines, adoptive cell therapy and PARP and TGF-β inhibitors. Ongoing research to identify appropriate biomarkers is warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikolaos Skouteris
- Department of Medical Oncology, Metaxa Cancer Hospital of Piraeus, Piraeus, 185 37, Greece
| | - Georgios Papageorgiou
- Department of Medical Oncology, Metaxa Cancer Hospital of Piraeus, Piraeus, 185 37, Greece
| | - Rodanthi Fioretzaki
- Department of Medical Oncology, Metaxa Cancer Hospital of Piraeus, Piraeus, 185 37, Greece
| | - Nikolaos Charalampakis
- Department of Medical Oncology, Metaxa Cancer Hospital of Piraeus, Piraeus, 185 37, Greece
| | - Dimitrios Schizas
- First Department of Surgery, National & Kapodistrian University of Athens, Laikon General Hospital, Athens, 115 27, Greece
| | - Stylianos Kykalos
- Second Propedeutic Department of Surgery, National & Kapodistrian University of Athens, Laikon General Hospital, Athens, 115 27, Greece
| | - Maria Tolia
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University Hospital of Crete, Voutes, Heraklion, Crete, 71110, Greece
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16
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Köseer AS, Di Gaetano S, Arndt C, Bachmann M, Dubrovska A. Immunotargeting of Cancer Stem Cells. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:1608. [PMID: 36900399 PMCID: PMC10001158 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15051608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2023] [Revised: 02/24/2023] [Accepted: 03/01/2023] [Indexed: 03/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The generally accepted view is that CSCs hijack the signaling pathways attributed to normal stem cells that regulate the self-renewal and differentiation processes. Therefore, the development of selective targeting strategies for CSC, although clinically meaningful, is associated with significant challenges because CSC and normal stem cells share many important signaling mechanisms for their maintenance and survival. Furthermore, the efficacy of this therapy is opposed by tumor heterogeneity and CSC plasticity. While there have been considerable efforts to target CSC populations by the chemical inhibition of the developmental pathways such as Notch, Hedgehog (Hh), and Wnt/β-catenin, noticeably fewer attempts were focused on the stimulation of the immune response by CSC-specific antigens, including cell-surface targets. Cancer immunotherapies are based on triggering the anti-tumor immune response by specific activation and targeted redirecting of immune cells toward tumor cells. This review is focused on CSC-directed immunotherapeutic approaches such as bispecific antibodies and antibody-drug candidates, CSC-targeted cellular immunotherapies, and immune-based vaccines. We discuss the strategies to improve the safety and efficacy of the different immunotherapeutic approaches and describe the current state of their clinical development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayse Sedef Köseer
- National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT), Partner Site Dresden: German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf (HZDR), 01307 Dresden, Germany
- OncoRay–National Center for Radiation Research in Oncology, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf (HZDR), 01309 Dresden, Germany
| | - Simona Di Gaetano
- OncoRay–National Center for Radiation Research in Oncology, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf (HZDR), 01309 Dresden, Germany
| | - Claudia Arndt
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Institute of Radiopharmaceutical Cancer Research, 01328 Dresden, Germany
- Mildred Scheel Early Career Center, Faculty of Medicine Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, 01307 Dresden, Germany
| | - Michael Bachmann
- National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT), Partner Site Dresden: German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf (HZDR), 01307 Dresden, Germany
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Institute of Radiopharmaceutical Cancer Research, 01328 Dresden, Germany
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Partner Site Dresden and German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Anna Dubrovska
- National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT), Partner Site Dresden: German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf (HZDR), 01307 Dresden, Germany
- OncoRay–National Center for Radiation Research in Oncology, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf (HZDR), 01309 Dresden, Germany
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Partner Site Dresden and German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Institute of Radiooncology-OncoRay, 01328 Dresden, Germany
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17
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Lu C, Liu Y, Ali NM, Zhang B, Cui X. The role of innate immune cells in the tumor microenvironment and research progress in anti-tumor therapy. Front Immunol 2023; 13:1039260. [PMID: 36741415 PMCID: PMC9893925 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.1039260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2022] [Accepted: 12/14/2022] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Innate immune cells in the tumor microenvironment (TME) mainly include macrophages, neutrophils, natural killer cells, dendritic cells and bone marrow derived suppressor cells. They play an anti-tumor or pro-tumor role by secreting various cytokines, chemokines and other factors, and determine the occurrence and development of tumors. Comprehending the role of innate immune cells in tumorigenesis and progression can help improve therapeutic approaches targeting innate immune cells in the TME, increasing the likelihood of favorable prognosis. In this review, we discussed the cell biology of innate immune cells, their role in tumorigenesis and development, and the current status of innate immune cell-based immunotherapy, in order to provide an overview for future research lines and clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenglin Lu
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Ying Liu
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China,Department of Oncology, Affiliated Zhongshan Hospital of Dalian University, Dalian, China
| | - Nasra Mohamoud Ali
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Bin Zhang
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China,*Correspondence: Xiaonan Cui, ; Bin Zhang,
| | - Xiaonan Cui
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China,*Correspondence: Xiaonan Cui, ; Bin Zhang,
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18
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Hu Y, Xiao M, Zhang D, Shen J, Zhao Y, Li M, Wu X, Chen Y, Wu Z, Luo H, Xiao Z, Du F. Comprehensive analysis of chemokines family and related regulatory ceRNA network in lung adenocarcinoma. Heliyon 2022; 8:e11399. [PMID: 36387469 PMCID: PMC9650007 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2022.e11399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2022] [Revised: 05/31/2022] [Accepted: 10/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) is one of the world's commonest malignancies with a high fatality rate. Chemokines not only regulate immune response but also participate in tumor development and metastasis and yet the mechanism of chemokines in LUAD remains unclear. In this study, transcriptional expression profiles, mutation data, and copy number variation data were downloaded from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA). Risk gene protein expression was assessed by the Clinical Proteomic Tumor Analysis Consortium (CPTAC) and the Human Protein Atlas (HPA). Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) data was used to validate the prognostic model. We summarized the genetic mutation variation landscape of chemokines. The risk prognosis model was developed based on differentially expressed chemokines, and patients in the high-risk score (RS) group had lower survival rates. Gene Set Enrichment Analysis (GSEA) revealed that high-RS patients were associated with metabolic transformation pathways, while low-RS patients were associated with immune-related pathways. Compared with the high-RS group, the low-RS group had higher immune/stromal/estimate scores calculated by the ESTIMATE package. The proportion of immune cells obtained using the CIBERSORT package was significantly different between the two groups. Most of the immune checkpoints were highly expressed in low-RS samples. Finally, we discovered that the lncRNA MIR17HG/AC009299.3/miR-21–5p/CCL20 regulatory network might be crucial in the pathogenesis of LUAD. In conclusion, we developed a risk signature and chemokine-related competing endogenous RNA (ceRNA) network.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yifan Hu
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, China
- Cell Therapy & Cell Drugs of Luzhou Key Laboratory, Luzhou, Sichuan, China
- South Sichuan Institute of Translational Medicine, Luzhou, Sichuan, China
- Department of Pharmacy, Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, China
| | - Mintao Xiao
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, China
- Cell Therapy & Cell Drugs of Luzhou Key Laboratory, Luzhou, Sichuan, China
- South Sichuan Institute of Translational Medicine, Luzhou, Sichuan, China
| | - Duoli Zhang
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, China
- Cell Therapy & Cell Drugs of Luzhou Key Laboratory, Luzhou, Sichuan, China
- South Sichuan Institute of Translational Medicine, Luzhou, Sichuan, China
| | - Jing Shen
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, China
- Cell Therapy & Cell Drugs of Luzhou Key Laboratory, Luzhou, Sichuan, China
- South Sichuan Institute of Translational Medicine, Luzhou, Sichuan, China
| | - Yueshui Zhao
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, China
- Cell Therapy & Cell Drugs of Luzhou Key Laboratory, Luzhou, Sichuan, China
- South Sichuan Institute of Translational Medicine, Luzhou, Sichuan, China
| | - Mingxing Li
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, China
- Cell Therapy & Cell Drugs of Luzhou Key Laboratory, Luzhou, Sichuan, China
- South Sichuan Institute of Translational Medicine, Luzhou, Sichuan, China
| | - Xu Wu
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, China
- Cell Therapy & Cell Drugs of Luzhou Key Laboratory, Luzhou, Sichuan, China
- South Sichuan Institute of Translational Medicine, Luzhou, Sichuan, China
| | - Yu Chen
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, China
- Cell Therapy & Cell Drugs of Luzhou Key Laboratory, Luzhou, Sichuan, China
- South Sichuan Institute of Translational Medicine, Luzhou, Sichuan, China
| | - Zhigui Wu
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, China
- Cell Therapy & Cell Drugs of Luzhou Key Laboratory, Luzhou, Sichuan, China
- South Sichuan Institute of Translational Medicine, Luzhou, Sichuan, China
- Department of Pharmacy, Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, China
| | - Hongli Luo
- Department of Pharmacy, Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, China
| | - Zhangang Xiao
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, China
- Cell Therapy & Cell Drugs of Luzhou Key Laboratory, Luzhou, Sichuan, China
- South Sichuan Institute of Translational Medicine, Luzhou, Sichuan, China
- Corresponding author.
| | - Fukuan Du
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, China
- Cell Therapy & Cell Drugs of Luzhou Key Laboratory, Luzhou, Sichuan, China
- South Sichuan Institute of Translational Medicine, Luzhou, Sichuan, China
- Corresponding author.
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19
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Fu C, Ma T, Zhou L, Mi QS, Jiang A. Dendritic Cell-Based Vaccines Against Cancer: Challenges, Advances and Future Opportunities. Immunol Invest 2022; 51:2133-2158. [PMID: 35946383 DOI: 10.1080/08820139.2022.2109486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
As the most potent professional antigen presenting cells, dendritic cells (DCs) have the ability to activate both naive CD4 and CD8 T cells. Recognized for their exceptional ability to cross-present exogenous antigens to prime naive antigen-specific CD8 T cells, DCs play a critical role in generating CD8 T cell immunity, as well as mediating CD8 T cell tolerance to tumor antigens. Despite the ability to potentiate host CD8 T cell-mediated anti-tumor immunity, current DC-based cancer vaccines have not yet achieved the promised success clinically with the exception of FDA-approved Provenge. Interestingly, recent studies have shown that type 1 conventional DCs (cDC1s) play a critical role in cross-priming tumor-specific CD8 T cells and determining the anti-tumor efficacy of cancer immunotherapies including immune checkpoint blockade (ICB). Together with promising clinical results in neoantigen-based cancer vaccines, there is a great need for DC-based vaccines to be further developed and refined either as monotherapies or in combination with other immunotherapies. In this review, we will present a brief review of DC development and function, discuss recent progress, and provide a perspective on future directions to realize the promising potential of DC-based cancer vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunmei Fu
- Center for Cutaneous Biology and Immunology, Department of Dermatology, Henry Ford Health System, Detroit, Michigan, USA
| | - Tianle Ma
- Department of Computer Science and Engineering, School of Engineering and Computer Science, Oakland University, Rochester, Michigan, USA
| | - Li Zhou
- Center for Cutaneous Biology and Immunology, Department of Dermatology, Henry Ford Health System, Detroit, Michigan, USA
| | - Qing-Sheng Mi
- Center for Cutaneous Biology and Immunology, Department of Dermatology, Henry Ford Health System, Detroit, Michigan, USA
| | - Aimin Jiang
- Center for Cutaneous Biology and Immunology, Department of Dermatology, Henry Ford Health System, Detroit, Michigan, USA
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20
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Jugniot N, Dahl JJ, Paulmurugan R. Immunotheranostic microbubbles (iMBs) - a modular platform for dendritic cell vaccine delivery applied to breast cancer immunotherapy. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL & CLINICAL CANCER RESEARCH : CR 2022; 41:299. [PMID: 36224614 PMCID: PMC9555090 DOI: 10.1186/s13046-022-02501-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2022] [Accepted: 09/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Therapeutic strategies engaging the immune system against malignant cells have revolutionized the field of oncology. Proficiency of dendritic cells (DCs) for antigen presentation and immune response has spurred interest on DC-based vaccines for anti-cancer therapy. However, despite favorable safety profiles in patients, current DC-vaccines have not yet presented significant outcome due to technical barriers in active DC delivery, tumor progression, and immune dysfunction. To maximize the therapeutic response, we present here a unique cell-free DC-based vaccine capable of lymphoid organ targeting and eliciting T-cell-mediated anti-tumor effect. METHODS We developed this novel immunotheranostic platform using plasma membranes derived from activated DCs incorporated into ultrasound contrast microbubbles (MBs), thereby offering real-time visualization of MBs' trafficking and homing in vivo. Human PBMC-derived DCs were cultured ex vivo for controlled maturation and activation using cell membrane antigens from breast cancer cells. Following DC membrane isolation, immunotheranostic microbubbles, called DC-iMBs, were formed for triple negative breast cancer treatment in a mouse model harboring a human reconstituted immune system. RESULTS Our results demonstrated that DC-iMBs can accumulate in lymphoid organs and induce anti-tumor immune response, which significantly reduced tumor growth via apoptosis while increasing survival length of the treated animals. The phenotypic changes in immune cell populations upon DC-iMBs delivery further confirmed the T-cell-mediated anti-tumor effect. CONCLUSION These early findings strongly support the potential of DC-iMBs as a novel immunotherapeutic cell-free vaccine for anti-cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natacha Jugniot
- grid.168010.e0000000419368956Department of Radiology, Molecular Imaging Program at Stanford, Canary Center for Cancer Early Detection, Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA USA ,grid.168010.e0000000419368956Molecular Imaging Program at Stanford (MIPS), Canary Center for Cancer Early Detection at Stanford, Stanford University School of Medicine, 3155 Porter Drive, Palo Alto, CA 94304 USA
| | - Jeremy J. Dahl
- grid.168010.e0000000419368956Department of Radiology, Molecular Imaging Program at Stanford, Canary Center for Cancer Early Detection, Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA USA
| | - Ramasamy Paulmurugan
- grid.168010.e0000000419368956Department of Radiology, Molecular Imaging Program at Stanford, Canary Center for Cancer Early Detection, Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA USA ,grid.168010.e0000000419368956Molecular Imaging Program at Stanford (MIPS), Canary Center for Cancer Early Detection at Stanford, Stanford University School of Medicine, 3155 Porter Drive, Palo Alto, CA 94304 USA
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21
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Jumaniyazova E, Lokhonina A, Dzhalilova D, Kosyreva A, Fatkhudinov T. Immune Cells in Head-and-Neck Tumor Microenvironments. J Pers Med 2022; 12:jpm12091521. [PMID: 36143308 PMCID: PMC9506052 DOI: 10.3390/jpm12091521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2022] [Revised: 09/09/2022] [Accepted: 09/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Head-and-neck cancers constitute a heterogeneous group of aggressive tumors with high incidence and low survival rates, collectively being the sixth most prevalent cancer type globally. About 90% of head-and-neck cancers are classified as squamous cell carcinomas (HNSCC). The innate and adaptive immune systems, indispensable for anti-cancer immune surveillance, largely define the rates of HNSCC emergence and progression. HNSCC microenvironments harbor multiple cell types that infiltrate the tumors and interact both with tumor cells and among themselves. Gradually, tumor cells learn to manipulate the immune system, either by adapting their own immunogenicity or through the release of immunosuppressive molecules. These interactions continuously evolve and shape the tumor microenvironment, both structurally and functionally, facilitating angiogenesis, proliferation and metastasis. Our understanding of this evolution is directly related to success in the development of advanced therapies. This review focuses on the key mechanisms that rule HNSCC infiltration, featuring particular immune cell types and their roles in the pathogenesis. A close focus on the tumor-immunity interactions will help identify new immunotherapeutic targets in patients with HNSCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Enar Jumaniyazova
- Department of Histology, Cytology and Embryology, Peoples’ Friendship University of Russia (RUDN University), 6 Miklukho-Maklaya Street, 117198 Moscow, Russia
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +7-9254258360
| | - Anastasiya Lokhonina
- Department of Histology, Cytology and Embryology, Peoples’ Friendship University of Russia (RUDN University), 6 Miklukho-Maklaya Street, 117198 Moscow, Russia
- National Medical Research Center for Obstetrics, Gynecology and Perinatology Named after Academician V.I. Kulakov of Ministry of Healthcare of Russian Federation, 4 Oparina Street, 117997 Moscow, Russia
| | - Dzhuliia Dzhalilova
- Department of Histology, Cytology and Embryology, Peoples’ Friendship University of Russia (RUDN University), 6 Miklukho-Maklaya Street, 117198 Moscow, Russia
- Avtsyn Research Institute of Human Morphology of Petrovsky National Research Centre of Surgery, 3 Tsyurupy Street, 117418 Moscow, Russia
| | - Anna Kosyreva
- Department of Histology, Cytology and Embryology, Peoples’ Friendship University of Russia (RUDN University), 6 Miklukho-Maklaya Street, 117198 Moscow, Russia
- Avtsyn Research Institute of Human Morphology of Petrovsky National Research Centre of Surgery, 3 Tsyurupy Street, 117418 Moscow, Russia
| | - Timur Fatkhudinov
- Department of Histology, Cytology and Embryology, Peoples’ Friendship University of Russia (RUDN University), 6 Miklukho-Maklaya Street, 117198 Moscow, Russia
- Avtsyn Research Institute of Human Morphology of Petrovsky National Research Centre of Surgery, 3 Tsyurupy Street, 117418 Moscow, Russia
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22
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Tumor Infiltrating Lymphocyte (TIL) Therapy for Solid Tumor Treatment: Progressions and Challenges. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14174160. [PMID: 36077696 PMCID: PMC9455018 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14174160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2022] [Revised: 08/22/2022] [Accepted: 08/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Over the past decade, immunotherapy, especially cell-based immunotherapy, has provided new strategies for cancer therapy. Recent clinical studies demonstrated that adopting cell transfer of tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) for advanced solid tumors showed good efficacy. TIL therapy is a type of cell-based immunotherapy using the patient’s own immune cells from the microenvironment of the solid tumor to kill tumor cells. In this review, we provide a comprehensive summary of the current strategies and challenges in TIL isolation and generation. Moreover, the current clinical experience of TIL therapy is summarized and discussed, with an emphasis on lymphodepletion regimen, the use of interleukin-2, and related toxicity. Furthermore, we highlight the clinical trials where TIL therapy is used independently and in combination with other types of therapy for solid cancers. Finally, the limitations, future potential, and directions of TIL therapy for solid tumor treatment are also discussed.
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23
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Caro AA, Deschoemaeker S, Allonsius L, Coosemans A, Laoui D. Dendritic Cell Vaccines: A Promising Approach in the Fight against Ovarian Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14164037. [PMID: 36011029 PMCID: PMC9406463 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14164037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2022] [Revised: 08/16/2022] [Accepted: 08/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary With an overall 5-year survival of only 20% for advanced-stage ovarian cancer patients, enduring and effective therapies are a highly unmet clinical need. Current standard-of-care therapies are able to improve progression-free survival; however, patients still relapse. Moreover, immunotherapy has not resulted in clear patient benefits so far. In this situation, dendritic cell vaccines can serve as a potential therapeutic addition against ovarian cancer. In the current review, we provide an overview of the different dendritic cell subsets and the roles they play in ovarian cancer. We focus on the advancements in dendritic cell vaccination against ovarian cancer and highlight the key outcomes and pitfalls associated with currently used strategies. Finally, we address future directions that could be taken to improve the dendritic cell vaccination outcomes in ovarian cancer. Abstract Ovarian cancer (OC) is the deadliest gynecological malignancy in developed countries and is the seventh-highest cause of death in women diagnosed with cancer worldwide. Currently, several therapies are in use against OC, including debulking surgery, chemotherapy, as well as targeted therapies. Even though the current standard-of-care therapies improve survival, a vast majority of OC patients relapse. Additionally, immunotherapies have only resulted in meager patient outcomes, potentially owing to the intricate immunosuppressive nexus within the tumor microenvironment. In this scenario, dendritic cell (DC) vaccination could serve as a potential addition to the therapeutic options available against OC. In this review, we provide an overview of current therapies in OC, focusing on immunotherapies. Next, we highlight the potential of using DC vaccines in OC by underscoring the different DC subsets and their functions in OC. Finally, we provide an overview of the advances and pitfalls of current DC vaccine strategies in OC while providing future perspectives that could improve patient outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aarushi Audhut Caro
- Laboratory of Myeloid Cell Immunology, VIB Center for Inflammation Research, 1050 Brussels, Belgium
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Immunology, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, 1050 Brussels, Belgium
- Laboratory of Tumor Immunology and Immunotherapy, Department of Oncology, Leuven Cancer Institute, KU Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Sofie Deschoemaeker
- Laboratory of Myeloid Cell Immunology, VIB Center for Inflammation Research, 1050 Brussels, Belgium
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Immunology, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, 1050 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Lize Allonsius
- Laboratory of Myeloid Cell Immunology, VIB Center for Inflammation Research, 1050 Brussels, Belgium
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Immunology, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, 1050 Brussels, Belgium
| | - An Coosemans
- Laboratory of Tumor Immunology and Immunotherapy, Department of Oncology, Leuven Cancer Institute, KU Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Damya Laoui
- Laboratory of Myeloid Cell Immunology, VIB Center for Inflammation Research, 1050 Brussels, Belgium
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Immunology, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, 1050 Brussels, Belgium
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +32-2-6291969
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24
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Chavda VP, Patel AB, Vora LK, Apostolopoulos V, Uhal BD. Dendritic cell-based vaccine: the state-of-the-art vaccine platform for COVID-19 management. Expert Rev Vaccines 2022; 21:1395-1403. [PMID: 35929957 DOI: 10.1080/14760584.2022.2110076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION A correlation between new coronaviruses and host immunity, as well as the role of defective immune function in host response, would be extremely helpful in understanding coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pathogenicity, and a coherent structure of treatments and vaccines. As existing vaccines may be inadequate for new viral variants emerging in various regions of the world, it is a vital requirement for fresh and effective therapeutic alternatives. AREA COVERED Immunotherapy may give a viable protective option for COVID-19, a disease that is currently a big burden on global health and economic systems. Herein, we have outlined three dendritic cell (DC)-based vaccines for COVID-19 which are in human clinical trials and have shown encouraging outcomes. EXPERT OPINION With existing knowledge of the virus, and the nature of DC, DC-based vaccines may be proven to be effective in inducing long-lasting protective immunity, especially T cell responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vivek P Chavda
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Technology, L M College of Pharmacy, Ahmedabad - 380009, Gujarat, India
| | - Aayushi B Patel
- Pharmacy Section, LM College of Pharmacy, Ahmedabad - 380058, Gujarat, India
| | - Lalitkumar K Vora
- School of Pharmacy, Queen's University Belfast, 97 Lisburn Road, BT9 7BL, UK
| | - Vasso Apostolopoulos
- Institute for Health and Sport, Victoria University, Melbourne, VIC, 3030, Australia
| | - Bruce D Uhal
- Department of Physiology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
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25
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Board NL, Moskovljevic M, Wu F, Siliciano RF, Siliciano JD. Engaging innate immunity in HIV-1 cure strategies. Nat Rev Immunol 2022; 22:499-512. [PMID: 34824401 DOI: 10.1038/s41577-021-00649-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Combination antiretroviral therapy (ART) can block multiple stages of the HIV-1 life cycle to prevent progression to AIDS in people living with HIV-1. However, owing to the persistence of a reservoir of latently infected CD4+ T cells, life-long ART is necessary to prevent viral rebound. One strategy currently under consideration for curing HIV-1 infection is known as 'shock and kill'. This strategy uses latency-reversing agents to induce expression of HIV-1 genes, allowing for infected cells to be cleared by cytolytic immune cells. The role of innate immunity in HIV-1 pathogenesis is best understood in the context of acute infection. Here, we suggest that innate immunity can also be used to improve the efficacy of HIV-1 cure strategies, with a particular focus on dendritic cells (DCs) and natural killer cells. We discuss novel latency-reversing agents targeting DCs as well as DC-based strategies to enhance the clearance of infected cells by CD8+ T cells and strategies to improve the killing activity of natural killer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathan L Board
- Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Milica Moskovljevic
- Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Fengting Wu
- Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Robert F Siliciano
- Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA. .,Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Baltimore, MD, USA.
| | - Janet D Siliciano
- Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.
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26
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Zhang G, Shang H, Liu B, Wu G, Wu D, Wang L, Li S, Wang Z, Wang S, Yuan J. Increased ATP2A1 Predicts Poor Prognosis in Patients With Colorectal Carcinoma. Front Genet 2022; 13:661348. [PMID: 35783262 PMCID: PMC9243465 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2022.661348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2021] [Accepted: 06/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer is one of the most common malignant tumors in the digestive system. Traditional diagnosis and treatment methods have not significantly improved the overall survival of patients. In this study, we explored the value of ATP2A1 as a biomarker in predicting the prognosis of colorectal cancer patients. We used the TCGA database to reveal the relationship between ATP2A1 mRNA level and prognosis, methylation, and immune invasion in colorectal cancer. The results showed that the expression of ATP2A1 was increased in colorectal cancer. The overall survival of patients with high expression of ATP2A1 was significantly lower than patients with low expression of ATP2A1. Cox regression analysis showed that high expression of ATP2A1 was an independent risk factor for poor prognosis in colorectal cancer patients. In addition, we used three datasets to perform a meta-analysis, which further confirmed the reliability of the results. Furthermore, we revealed that ATP2A1 could significantly inhibit the proliferation of colorectal cancer cells by inhibiting the autophagy process and was associated with several immune cells, especially CD8 + T cells. Finally, four small molecule drugs with potential inhibition of ATP2A1 expression were found by CMap analysis. This study demonstrates for the first time that ATP2A1 is a potential pathogenic factor, which may play a significant role in colorectal cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guoshun Zhang
- School of Public Health, North China University of Science and Technology, Tangshan, China
- Department of Gastroenterology, Affiliated Hospital of North China University of Technology, Tangshan, China
| | - Hua Shang
- Blood Purification Department of Tangshan Infectious Disease Hospital, Tangshan, China
| | - Bin Liu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Chaisang District People’s Hospital, Jiujiang, China
| | - Guikai Wu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Tangshan Workers’ Hospital, Tangshan, China
| | - Diyang Wu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Tangshan Workers’ Hospital, Tangshan, China
| | - Liuqing Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hongci Hospital, Tangshan, China
| | - Shengnan Li
- Department of Gastroenterology, Affiliated Hospital of North China University of Technology, Tangshan, China
| | - Zhiyuan Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Affiliated Hospital of North China University of Technology, Tangshan, China
| | - Suying Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Affiliated Hospital of North China University of Technology, Tangshan, China
| | - Juxiang Yuan
- School of Public Health, North China University of Science and Technology, Tangshan, China
- *Correspondence: Juxiang Yuan,
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27
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Ding Y, Wang Y, Hu Q. Recent advances in overcoming barriers to cell-based delivery systems for cancer immunotherapy. EXPLORATION (BEIJING, CHINA) 2022; 2:20210106. [PMID: 37323702 PMCID: PMC10190958 DOI: 10.1002/exp.20210106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2021] [Accepted: 01/10/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Immunotherapy strategies that use cell-based delivery systems have sparked much interest in the treatment of malignancies, owing to their high biocompatibility, excellent tumor targeting capability, and unique biofunctionalities in the tumor growth process. A variety of design principles for cell-based immunotherapy, including cell surface decoration, cell membrane coating, cell encapsulation, genetically engineered cell, and cell-derived exosomes, give cancer immunotherapy great potential to improve therapeutic efficacy and reduce adverse effects. However, the treatment efficacy of cell-based delivery methods for immunotherapy is still limited, and practical uses are hampered due to complex physiological and immunological obstacles, such as physical barriers to immune infiltration, immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment, upregulation of immunosuppressive pathways, and metabolic restriction. In this review, we present an overview of the design principles of cell-based delivery systems in cancer immunotherapy to maximize the therapeutic impact, along with anatomical, metabolic, and immunological impediments in using cell-based immunotherapy to treat cancer. Following that, a summary of novel delivery strategies that have been created to overcome these obstacles to cell-based immunotherapeutic delivery systems is provided. Also, the obstacles and prospects of next-step development of cell-based delivery systems for cancer immunotherapy are concluded in the end.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingyue Ding
- Pharmaceutical Sciences DivisionSchool of PharmacyUniversity of Wisconsin–MadisonMadisonWisconsinUSA
- Carbone Cancer CenterSchool of Medicine and Public HealthUniversity of Wisconsin–MadisonMadisonWisconsinUSA
- Wisconsin Center for NanoBioSystemsSchool of PharmacyUniversity of Wisconsin–MadisonMadisonWisconsinUSA
| | - Yixin Wang
- Pharmaceutical Sciences DivisionSchool of PharmacyUniversity of Wisconsin–MadisonMadisonWisconsinUSA
- Carbone Cancer CenterSchool of Medicine and Public HealthUniversity of Wisconsin–MadisonMadisonWisconsinUSA
- Wisconsin Center for NanoBioSystemsSchool of PharmacyUniversity of Wisconsin–MadisonMadisonWisconsinUSA
| | - Quanyin Hu
- Pharmaceutical Sciences DivisionSchool of PharmacyUniversity of Wisconsin–MadisonMadisonWisconsinUSA
- Carbone Cancer CenterSchool of Medicine and Public HealthUniversity of Wisconsin–MadisonMadisonWisconsinUSA
- Wisconsin Center for NanoBioSystemsSchool of PharmacyUniversity of Wisconsin–MadisonMadisonWisconsinUSA
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28
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Chiodetti AL, Gérard A. Spatiotemporal behavior of T cells in vaccination. Int J Biochem Cell Biol 2022; 147:106224. [PMID: 35537670 DOI: 10.1016/j.biocel.2022.106224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2021] [Revised: 04/25/2022] [Accepted: 05/04/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Vaccines are the most cost-effective resource to contain and eliminate infectious diseases. Despite decades of research in the field, several pathogens have eluded the effect of conventional vaccines mostly due their failure in inducing strong T cell responses. There is a need for new vaccine technologies that can surpass this problem. Recent advances in imaging techniques have allowed the study of T cell dynamics within their surrounding cellular niches. This information is invaluable to elucidate the main cellular mechanisms to target in order to optimize vaccine efficiency. In this review, we summarize the most recent key discoveries in T cell behavior in the context of vaccination and immunization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Laura Chiodetti
- The Kennedy Institute of Rheumatology, University of Oxford, OX3 7FY Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Audrey Gérard
- The Kennedy Institute of Rheumatology, University of Oxford, OX3 7FY Oxford, United Kingdom.
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29
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Parsonidis P, Papasotiriou I. Adoptive Cellular Transfer Immunotherapies for Cancer. Cancer Treat Res Commun 2022; 32:100575. [PMID: 35679756 DOI: 10.1016/j.ctarc.2022.100575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2022] [Revised: 05/05/2022] [Accepted: 05/07/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Patients with cancer require efficient treatment approaches as the mortality rate due to their disease is high. Conventional therapies, like chemotherapy and radiation, have severe side effects. Drug discovery is focusing on the development of alternative strategies that could have beneficial effects to the patients. Cellular therapies are potential therapeutics, and the generation of new products is growing fast. The concept involves the isolation of immune cells, ex vivo activation and reinfusion into the patient. The goal is to boost the immune cells to fight cancer cells. Different immune cells can be used, including dendritic cells, T cells, NK cells, macrophages and B lymphocytes. Some products have already gained FDA approval, while many more are currently in clinical trials. Research is focusing on the improvement of the function of the cells that may require genetic modification or combination with other therapies. Finally, it is crucial to develop novel technologies that could be used in monitoring of the immune profile of patients that have received a cellular therapy to assess the efficacy of the treatment.
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30
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Huang L, Ding Z, Zhang Y. CD24+ MDSC-DCs Induced by CCL5-Deficiency Showed Improved Antitumor Activity as Tumor Vaccines. Glob Med Genet 2022; 9:97-109. [PMID: 35707772 PMCID: PMC9192183 DOI: 10.1055/s-0042-1743569] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2021] [Accepted: 01/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background
Dendritic cell (DC) tumor vaccine has been extensively utilized in preclinical and clinical studies; however, this technique has encountered many difficulties, particularly in late-stage tumor patients. For those, ex vivo-induced DCs are actuallymyeloid-derived suppressive cells-derived DCs (MDSC-DCs). MDSCs with immunosuppressive activity, but not monocytes, became the major DC precursor. Thus, how to enhance antitumor activity of MDSC-DCs is urgent need to address.
Methods
We utilized 4T1 and MC38 tumor-bearing both wildtype and CC chemokine ligand 5
−/−
(CCL5
−/−
) mice as animal models. MDSC-DCs were induced from splenocytes of these mice by granulocyte macrophage–colony stimulating factor/interleukin-4 with or without all-trans-retinoic acid (ATRA) in vitro for 7 days, then incubated with tumor-cell-lysis to treat mouse models for total three doses. For human MDSC-DCs, peripheral bloods from colorectal cancer patients were induced in vitro as murine cells with or without T- lymphocytes depletion to get rid of CCL5.
Results
Flow cytometry analysis showed that MDSCs from
CCL5−/−
mice could be induced into a new type of CD24
+
MDSC-DCs in the presence of ATRA, which had more antitumor activity than control. Antibody blocking and adoptive transfer experiments demonstrated that downregulation of regulatory T cells (Tregs) mediated the inhibition of CD24
+
MDSC-DCs on tumor growth. Mechanically, CD24
+
MDSC-DCs inhibited Tregs' polarization by secreting cytokine or coactivators' expression. What's important, decreasing CCL5 protein levels by T- lymphocytes depletion during both murine and human MDSC-DCs in vitro induction could also acquire CD24
+
MDSC-DCs.
Conclusion
Knockdown of CCL5 protein during MDSC-DCs culture might provide a promising method to acquire DC-based tumor vaccines with high antitumor activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Renji-Med-X Stem Cell Research Center, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Biomedical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
- Med-X Research Institute, School of Biomedical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Zequn Ding
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Renji-Med-X Stem Cell Research Center, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Biomedical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
- Med-X Research Institute, School of Biomedical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Yan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Renji-Med-X Stem Cell Research Center, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Biomedical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
- Med-X Research Institute, School of Biomedical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
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31
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Combined TLR-3/TLR-8 Signaling in the Presence of α-Type-1 Cytokines Represents a Novel and Potent Dendritic Cell Type-1, Anti-Cancer Maturation Protocol. Cells 2022; 11:cells11050835. [PMID: 35269457 PMCID: PMC8909236 DOI: 10.3390/cells11050835] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2021] [Revised: 02/21/2022] [Accepted: 02/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
During the ex vivo generation of anti-cancer dendritic cell (DC)-based vaccines, their maturation still represents one of the most crucial steps of the manufacturing process. A superior DC vaccine should: possess extensive expression of co-stimulatory molecules, have an exceptional type-1 polarization capacity characterized by their ability to produce IL-12p70 upon contact with responding T cells, migrate efficiently toward chemokine receptor 7 (CCR7) ligands, and have a superior capacity to activate cytotoxic T cell responses. A major advance has been achieved with the discovery of the next generation maturation protocol involving TLR-3 agonist (poly I:C), tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, interleukin (IL)-1β, interferon (IFN)-γ, and IFN-α, and has since been known as α-type-1 maturation cocktail. We demonstrate how this combination can be greatly enhanced by the inclusion of a TLR-8 stimulation (R848), thereby contributing to potentiation between different TLR signaling pathways. For maximum efficiency, TLR-3 stimulation should precede (termed pre I:C) the stimulation with the R848/TNF-α/IL-1β/IFN-α/IFN-γ cocktail. When compared to DCs matured with α-type-1 maturation cocktail (αDCs), DCs matured with pre I:C/R848/TNF-α/IL-1β/IFN-α/IFN-γ (termed zDCs) displayed higher expression of CD80 and CD86 co-stimulatory molecules. Importantly, after CD40-ligand stimulation, which simulates DC-T cell contact, zDCs were much more proficient in IL-12p70 production. In comparison to αDCs, zDCs also displayed a significantly greater migratory capacity toward chemokine ligands (CCL)19 and CCL21, and had a significantly greater allo-stimulatory capacity. Finally, zDCs were also superior in their capacity to induce melanoma-specific CD8+ T cells, CD8+ T cell proliferation, and cytotoxic T cells, which produced approximately two times more IFN-γ and more granzyme B, than those stimulated with αDCs. In conclusion, we present a novel and superior DC maturation cocktail that could be easily implemented into next generation DC vaccine manufacturing protocols in future trials.
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Chen X, Li X, Wei C, Zhao C, Wang S, Gao J. High expression of SETDB1 mediated by miR-29a-3p associates with poor prognosis and immune invasion in breast invasive carcinoma. Transl Cancer Res 2022; 10:5065-5075. [PMID: 35116358 PMCID: PMC8797950 DOI: 10.21037/tcr-21-1527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2021] [Accepted: 11/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Background Breast invasive carcinoma (BRCA) has a poor prognosis. Numerous studies have shown that SET domain bifurcated histone lysine methyltransferase 1 (SETDB1) is involved in the initiation and progression of many cancers. This study aims to reveal the potential mechanism of SETDB1 in the development and progression of BRCA. Methods The ONCOMINE database, TIMER database, UALCAN database and GEPIA database were used to analyze the expression of SETDB1 in human cancers. We evaluated the expression level of SETDB1 in cell lines by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qPCR), and the survival analysis of SETDB1 was performed on PrognoScan and Kaplan-Meier plotter websites. The upstream regulator was obtained from starBase database. Results We confirmed that SETDB1 messenger RNA (mRNA) level showed high expression in breast cell lines, and we also found that SETDB1 showed high expression in many types of cancers. Moreover, SETDB1 overexpression was positively correlated with poor prognosis in BRCA. Furthermore, we first predicted miR-29a-3p was a potential upstream regulator of SETDB1 in BRCA. Our findings indicated that SETDB1 might play a carcinogenic role by increasing the infiltration of immune cell and influencing immune checkpoint expression. Conclusions This study suggested that miR-29a-3p can mediate the expression of SETDB1 with poor prognosis and tumor immune infiltration in BRCA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiatian Chen
- Institute for Translational Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, College of Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China.,School of Basic Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Xin Li
- Institute for Translational Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, College of Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China.,School of Basic Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Chuang Wei
- Institute for Translational Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, College of Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China.,School of Basic Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Cheng Zhao
- Institute for Translational Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, College of Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China.,School of Basic Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Shaoying Wang
- Institute for Translational Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, College of Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China.,School of Basic Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Jinning Gao
- Institute for Translational Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, College of Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
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Han MH, Kim CH. Current Immunotherapeutic Approaches for Malignant Gliomas. Brain Tumor Res Treat 2022; 10:1-11. [PMID: 35118842 PMCID: PMC8819466 DOI: 10.14791/btrt.2022.10.e25] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2021] [Revised: 12/24/2021] [Accepted: 01/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma is the most common malignant central nervous system (CNS) tumor (48.3%), with a median survival of only about 14.6 months. Although the CNS is an immune-privileged site, activated T cells can cross the blood-brain barrier. The recent successes of several immunotherapies for various cancers have drawn interest in immunotherapy for treatment of malignant glioma. There have been extensive attempts to evaluate the efficiency of immunotherapy against malignant glioma. Passive immunotherapy for malignant glioma includes monoclonal antibody-mediated immunotherapy, cytokine-mediated therapy, and adoptive cell transfer, also known as chimeric antigen receptor T cell treatment. On the other hand, active immunotherapy, which stimulates the patient’s adaptive immune system against specific tumor-associated antigens, includes cancer vaccines that are divided into peptide vaccines and cell-based vaccines. In addition, there is immune checkpoint blockade therapy, which increases the efficiency of immunotherapy by reducing the resistance of malignant glioma to immunotherapy. Despite centuries of efforts, immunotherapeutic successes for malignant glioma remain limited. However, many clinical trials of adoptive cell transfer immunotherapy on malignant glioma are ongoing, and the outcomes are eagerly awaited. In addition, although there are still several obstacles, current clinical trials using personalized neoantigen-based dendritic cell vaccines offer new hope to glioblastoma patients. Furthermore, immune checkpoint targeted therapy is expected to decipher the mechanism of immunotherapy resistance in malignant glioma in the near future. More studies are needed to increase the efficacy of immunotherapy in malignant glioma. We hope that immunotherapy will become a new treatment of malignant glioma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Myung-Hoon Han
- Department of Neurosurgery, Hanyang University Guri Hospital, Guri, Korea
| | - Choong Hyun Kim
- Department of Neurosurgery, Hanyang University Guri Hospital, Guri, Korea.
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Prognostic Bone Metastasis-Associated Immune-Related Genes Regulated by Transcription Factors in Mesothelioma. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2022; 2022:9940566. [PMID: 35127947 PMCID: PMC8813231 DOI: 10.1155/2022/9940566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2021] [Revised: 09/30/2021] [Accepted: 11/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Mesothelioma (MESO) is a mesothelial originate neoplasm with high morbidity and mortality. Despite advancement in technology, early diagnosis still lacks effectivity and is full of pitfalls. Approaches of cancer diagnosis and therapy utilizing immune biomarkers and transcription factors (TFs) have attracted more and more attention. But the molecular mechanism of these features in MESO bone metastasis has not been thoroughly studied. Utilizing high-throughput genome sequencing data and lists of specific gene subsets, we performed several data mining algorithm. Single-sample Gene Set Enrichment Analysis (ssGSEA) was applied to identify downstream immune cells. Potential pathways involved in MESO bone metastasis were identified using Gene Oncology (GO) analysis, Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) analysis, Gene Set Variation Analysis (GSVA), Gene Set Enrichment Analysis (GSEA), and Cox regression analysis. Ultimately, a model to help early diagnosis and to predict prognosis was constructed based on differentially expressed immune-related genes between bone metastatic and nonmetastatic MESO groups. In conclusion, immune-related gene SDC2, regulated by TFs TCF7L1 and POLR3D, had an important role on immune cell function and infiltration, providing novel biomarkers and therapeutic targets for metastatic MESO.
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Li Y, Song Y, Liu S. The new insight of treatment in Cholangiocarcinoma. J Cancer 2022; 13:450-464. [PMID: 35069894 PMCID: PMC8771522 DOI: 10.7150/jca.68264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2021] [Accepted: 12/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Cholangiocarcinoma (CCA) is a relatively rare malignant tumor originating from the bile duct epithelial cells, and it is one of the malignant tumors with fast growth in incidence and death rate in recent years. CCA carries a very poor prognosis due to a typically late clinical presentation and a poor response to current therapeutics. Currently, surgery is the only possible curative treatment, radiotherapy and chemotherapy also play an important role in slowing down disease progression, while targeted therapy and immunotherapy are changing with each passing day and their combined effect may have great potential for the treatment of CCA; Clinical trials of various treatment options for CCA are also being conducted. This article reviews the different treatment options for CCA and explores the adjuvant treatment for it from a new perspective. In the future, the goal of treatment should be multiple and combined for different CCA patients to achieve individualized programs and improve overall survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuhang Li
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Hunan Provincial People's Hospital/The First Affiliated Hospital of Hunan Normal University, Changsha, 410005 Hunan Province, China
| | - Yinghui Song
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Hunan Provincial People's Hospital/The First Affiliated Hospital of Hunan Normal University, Changsha, 410005 Hunan Province, China
- Hunan Research Center of Biliary Disease, Changsha, 410005 Hunan Province, China
| | - Sulai Liu
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Hunan Provincial People's Hospital/The First Affiliated Hospital of Hunan Normal University, Changsha, 410005 Hunan Province, China
- Hunan Research Center of Biliary Disease, Changsha, 410005 Hunan Province, China
- Central Laboratory of Hunan Provincial People's Hospital/The First Affiliated Hospital of Hunan Normal University, Changsha, 410015, China
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Zhong R, Ling X, Cao S, Xu J, Zhang B, Zhang X, Wang H, Han B, Zhong H. Safety and efficacy of dendritic cell-based immunotherapy (DCVAC/LuCa) combined with carboplatin/pemetrexed for patients with advanced non-squamous non-small-cell lung cancer without oncogenic drivers. ESMO Open 2021; 7:100334. [PMID: 34959168 PMCID: PMC8718955 DOI: 10.1016/j.esmoop.2021.100334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2021] [Revised: 09/28/2021] [Accepted: 11/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Our prospective, open-label, single-arm phase II study investigated the safety and efficacy of DCVAC/LuCa (dendritic cell vaccines for lung cancer) combined with standard carboplatin/pemetrexed in advanced non-squamous (nsq) non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Patients and methods Eligible patients had stage IV nsq NSCLC without oncogenic drivers and had not received prior systemic cancer therapy. Treatment consisted of carboplatin/pemetrexed for up to 6 cycles followed by 21 cycles of pemetrexed maintenance or until progression or intolerance. Non-progression patients after two cycles of chemotherapy started to receive DCVAC/LuCa subcutaneously (s.c.) on day 15 of cycle 3, and thereafter q3w (day 15 of chemotherapy cycles) for up to 15 doses. Dosing of DCVAC/LuCa s.c. varied among patients depending on the baseline number of leucocytes but remained constant for each single patient. Safety was assessed by adverse events (AEs), treatment-related adverse events (TRAEs), serious adverse events (SAEs), and adverse events of special interest (AESIs). Efficacy was measured by overall survival (OS), progression-free survival (PFS), time to progression (TTP), and objective response rate (ORR). Results Sixty-one patients were enrolled. In the safety population (n = 60), eight patients (13.33%) had grade 3 or greater TRAEs, and six patients (10.0%) showed SAEs which were not related to leukapheresis or DC vaccination. Six grade 1 AEs were considered to be related to leukapheresis. No AESIs or DCVAC/LuCa-induced AEs were observed. The 2-year survival rate in the modified intention-to-treat population (n = 44) was 52.57%. Median OS was not reached. Median PFS was 8.0 months, median TTP was 10.2 months, and the ORR was 31.82%. Conclusion In treatment-naïve stage IV nsq NSCLC patients without oncogenic drivers, the combination of carboplatin/pemetrexed and DCVAC/LuCa was well tolerated and showed promising efficacy. Therefore, a study to prove our immunotherapeutic concept in a randomized phase III trial is planned. We investigated the safety and efficacy of DCVAC/LuCa combined with standard carboplatin/pemetrexed in nsq NSCLC. The combination therapy showed a favorable tolerability profile in a selected Chinese population. The 2-year survival rate in the modified intention-to-treat population (n = 44) was 52.57%.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Zhong
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Shanghai Chest Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, China
| | - X Ling
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Shanghai Chest Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, China
| | - S Cao
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Shanghai Chest Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, China
| | - J Xu
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Shanghai Chest Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, China
| | - B Zhang
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Shanghai Chest Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, China
| | - X Zhang
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Shanghai Chest Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, China
| | - H Wang
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Shanghai Chest Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, China
| | - B Han
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Shanghai Chest Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, China.
| | - H Zhong
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Shanghai Chest Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, China.
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Vaccine-Based Immunotherapy for Head and Neck Cancers. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13236041. [PMID: 34885150 PMCID: PMC8656843 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13236041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2021] [Revised: 11/27/2021] [Accepted: 11/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Therapeutic vaccines are given to patients with cancer, as opposed to prophylactic vaccines given to a healthy population. The challenge for therapeutic oncological vaccines is to stimulate an immune T cell response against endogenous (or derived) antigens that is sufficiently potent to induce cytotoxic activity and broad enough to take tumor heterogeneity into account. The purpose of this article is to provide an updated review of the prophylactic and therapeutic vaccines that target viral or non-viral antigens, particularly in head and neck cancers. Abstract In 2019, the FDA approved pembrolizumab, a monoclonal antibody targeting PD-1, for the first-line treatment of recurrent or metastatic head and neck cancers, despite only a limited number of patients benefiting from the treatment. Promising effects of therapeutic vaccination led the FDA to approve the use of the first therapeutic vaccine in prostate cancer in 2010. Research in the field of therapeutic vaccination, including possible synergistic effects with anti-PD(L)1 treatments, is evolving each year, and many vaccines are in pre-clinical and clinical studies. The aim of this review article is to discuss vaccines as a new therapeutic strategy, particularly in the field of head and neck cancers. Different vaccination technologies are discussed, as well as the results of the first clinical trials in HPV-positive, HPV-negative, and EBV-induced head and neck cancers.
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Radojević D, Tomić S, Mihajlović D, Tolinački M, Pavlović B, Vučević D, Bojić S, Golić N, Čolić M, Đokić J. Fecal microbiota composition associates with the capacity of human peripheral blood monocytes to differentiate into immunogenic dendritic cells in vitro. Gut Microbes 2021; 13:1-20. [PMID: 33970783 PMCID: PMC8115579 DOI: 10.1080/19490976.2021.1921927] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Although promising for active immunization in cancer patients, dendritic cells (DCs) vaccines generated in vitro display high inter-individual variability in their immunogenicity, which mostly limits their therapeutic efficacy. Gut microbiota composition is a key emerging factor affecting individuals' immune responses, but it is unknown how it affects the variability of donors' precursor cells to differentiate into immunogenic DCs in vitro. By analyzing gut microbiota composition in 14 healthy donors, along with the phenotype and cytokines production by monocyte-derived DCs, we found significant correlations between immunogenic properties of DC and microbiota composition. Namely, donors who had higher α-diversity of gut microbiota and higher abundance of short-chain fatty acid (SCFAs) and SCFA-producing bacteria in feces, displayed lower expression of CD1a on immature (im)DC and higher expression of ILT-3, costimulatory molecules (CD86, CD40) proinflammatory cytokines (TNF-α, IL-6, IL-8) and IL-12p70/IL-10 ratio, all of which correlated with their lower maturation potential and immunogenicity upon stimulation with LPS/IFNγ, a well-known Th1 polarizing cocktail. In contrast, imDCs generated from donors with lower α-diversity and higher abundance of Bifidobacterium and Collinsella in feces displayed higher CD1a expression and higher potential to up-regulate CD86 and CD40, increase TNF-α, IL-6, IL-8 production, and IL-12p70/IL-10 ratio upon stimulation. These results emphasize the important role of gut microbiota on the capacity of donor precursor cells to differentiate into immunogenic DCs suitable for cancer therapy, which could be harnessed for improving the actual and future DC-based cancer therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dušan Radojević
- Laboratory for Molecular Microbiology (LMM), Institute of Molecular Genetics and Genetic Engineering (IMGGI), University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Sergej Tomić
- Department for Immunology and Immunoparasitology, Institute for the Application of Nuclear Energy, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Dušan Mihajlović
- Faculty of Medicine Foca, University of East Sarajevo, Republic of Srpska, Bosnia and Herzegovina,Medical Faculty of the Military Medical Academy, University of Defence, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Maja Tolinački
- Laboratory for Molecular Microbiology (LMM), Institute of Molecular Genetics and Genetic Engineering (IMGGI), University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | | | - Dragana Vučević
- Department for Immunology and Immunoparasitology, Institute for the Application of Nuclear Energy, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | | | - Nataša Golić
- Laboratory for Molecular Microbiology (LMM), Institute of Molecular Genetics and Genetic Engineering (IMGGI), University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Miodrag Čolić
- Faculty of Medicine Foca, University of East Sarajevo, Republic of Srpska, Bosnia and Herzegovina,Serbian Academy of Sciences and Arts, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Jelena Đokić
- Laboratory for Molecular Microbiology (LMM), Institute of Molecular Genetics and Genetic Engineering (IMGGI), University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia,CONTACT Jelena Đokić Laboratory for Molecular Microbiology (LMM), Institute of Molecular Genetics and Genetic Engineering (IMGGE), University of Belgrade, Vojvode Stepe 444a, Belgrade11042, Serbia
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Nava S, Lisini D, Frigerio S, Bersano A. Dendritic Cells and Cancer Immunotherapy: The Adjuvant Effect. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms222212339. [PMID: 34830221 PMCID: PMC8620771 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222212339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2021] [Revised: 11/10/2021] [Accepted: 11/12/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Dendritic cells (DCs) are immune specialized cells playing a critical role in promoting immune response against antigens, and may represent important targets for therapeutic interventions in cancer. DCs can be stimulated ex vivo with pro-inflammatory molecules and loaded with tumor-specific antigen(s). Protocols describing the specific details of DCs vaccination manufacturing vary widely, but regardless of the employed protocol, the DCs vaccination safety and its ability to induce antitumor responses is clearly established. Many years of studies have focused on the ability of DCs to provide overall survival benefits at least for a selection of cancer patients. Lessons learned from early trials lead to the hypothesis that, to improve the efficacy of DCs-based immunotherapy, this should be combined with other treatments. Thus, the vaccine’s ultimate role may lie in the combinatorial approaches of DCs-based immunotherapy with chemotherapy and radiotherapy, more than in monotherapy. In this review, we address some key questions regarding the integration of DCs vaccination with multimodality therapy approaches for cancer treatment paradigms.
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40
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Sun Z, Deng G, Peng X, Xu X, Liu L, Peng J, Ma Y, Zhang P, Wen A, Wang Y, Yang Z, Gong P, Jiang W, Cai L. Intelligent photothermal dendritic cells restart the cancer immunity cycle through enhanced immunogenic cell death. Biomaterials 2021; 279:121228. [PMID: 34717198 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2021.121228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2021] [Revised: 10/17/2021] [Accepted: 10/22/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Dendritic cells (DCs) play a pivotal role in initiating antigen-specific tumor immunity. However, the abnormal function of DCs owing to the immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment (TME) and the insufficient number of tumor infiltrating DCs could promote immune tolerance and tumor immune escape. Thus, there is great potential to employ DCs to induce efficient antitumor immunity. In this paper, we developed intelligent DCs (iDCs), which consist of nanoparticles loaded with photothermal agents (IR-797) and coated with a mature DC membrane. The DC cell membrane on the surface of iDCs preserves the ability to present antigens and prime T cells. The iDCs can also enter the lymph node and stimulate T cells. The activated T cells reduced the expression of heat shock proteins (HSPs) in tumor cells, rendering them more sensitive to heat stress. Subsequently, we used mild photothermal therapy (42-45 °C) to induce immunogenic cell death and contribute to a synergistic antitumor effect. iDCs as a refined and precise system in combination with DC-based immunotherapy and thermal therapy can be stored long-term and on a large scale, so they can be applied in many patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhihong Sun
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Nanomedicine, Shenzhen Engineering Laboratory of Nanomedicine and Nanoformulations, CAS-HK Joint Lab for Biomaterials, CAS Key Laboratory of Health Informatics, Institute of Biomedicine and Biotechnology, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, 518055, China; Qindao University Medical College Affiliated Yantai Yuhuangding Hospital, Yantai, 264000, PR China
| | - Guanjun Deng
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Nanomedicine, Shenzhen Engineering Laboratory of Nanomedicine and Nanoformulations, CAS-HK Joint Lab for Biomaterials, CAS Key Laboratory of Health Informatics, Institute of Biomedicine and Biotechnology, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Xinghua Peng
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Nanomedicine, Shenzhen Engineering Laboratory of Nanomedicine and Nanoformulations, CAS-HK Joint Lab for Biomaterials, CAS Key Laboratory of Health Informatics, Institute of Biomedicine and Biotechnology, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Xiuli Xu
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Nanomedicine, Shenzhen Engineering Laboratory of Nanomedicine and Nanoformulations, CAS-HK Joint Lab for Biomaterials, CAS Key Laboratory of Health Informatics, Institute of Biomedicine and Biotechnology, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Lanlan Liu
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Nanomedicine, Shenzhen Engineering Laboratory of Nanomedicine and Nanoformulations, CAS-HK Joint Lab for Biomaterials, CAS Key Laboratory of Health Informatics, Institute of Biomedicine and Biotechnology, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Jiaofeng Peng
- Instrumental Analysis Center of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Yifan Ma
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Nanomedicine, Shenzhen Engineering Laboratory of Nanomedicine and Nanoformulations, CAS-HK Joint Lab for Biomaterials, CAS Key Laboratory of Health Informatics, Institute of Biomedicine and Biotechnology, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, 518055, China; HRYZ Biotech Co., Shenzhen, 518057, PR China
| | - Pengfei Zhang
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Nanomedicine, Shenzhen Engineering Laboratory of Nanomedicine and Nanoformulations, CAS-HK Joint Lab for Biomaterials, CAS Key Laboratory of Health Informatics, Institute of Biomedicine and Biotechnology, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Austin Wen
- Pomona College, 333 N College Way, Claremont, CA, 91711, USA
| | - Yifan Wang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Zhaogang Yang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Ping Gong
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Nanomedicine, Shenzhen Engineering Laboratory of Nanomedicine and Nanoformulations, CAS-HK Joint Lab for Biomaterials, CAS Key Laboratory of Health Informatics, Institute of Biomedicine and Biotechnology, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, 518055, China; Department of Radiation Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA.
| | - Wen Jiang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA.
| | - Lintao Cai
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Nanomedicine, Shenzhen Engineering Laboratory of Nanomedicine and Nanoformulations, CAS-HK Joint Lab for Biomaterials, CAS Key Laboratory of Health Informatics, Institute of Biomedicine and Biotechnology, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, 518055, China.
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41
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Flatmark K, Torgunrud A, Fleten KG, Davidson B, Juul HV, Mensali N, Lund-Andersen C, Inderberg EM. Peptide vaccine targeting mutated GNAS: a potential novel treatment for pseudomyxoma peritonei. J Immunother Cancer 2021; 9:jitc-2021-003109. [PMID: 34711663 PMCID: PMC8557294 DOI: 10.1136/jitc-2021-003109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Pseudomyxoma peritonei (PMP) is a rare, slow-growing abdominal cancer with no efficacious treatment options in non-resectable and recurrent cases. Otherwise, rare activating mutations in the GNAS oncogene are remarkably frequent in PMP and the mutated gene product, guanine nucleotide-binding protein α subunit (Gsα), is a potential tumor neoantigen, presenting an opportunity for targeting by a therapeutic cancer vaccine. Methods Tumor and blood samples were collected from 25 patients undergoing surgery for PMP (NCT02073500). GNAS mutation analysis was performed by next-generation targeted sequencing or digital droplet PCR. Responses to stimulation with Gsα mutated (point mutations R201H and R201C) 30 mer peptides were analyzed in peripheral blood T cells derived from patients with PMP and healthy donors. Fresh PMP tumor samples were analyzed by mass cytometry using a panel of 35 extracellular markers, and cellular subpopulations were clustered and visualized using the visual stochastic network embedding analysis tool. Results GNAS mutations were detected in 22/25 tumor samples (88%; R201H and R201C mutations detected in 16 and 6 cases, respectively). Strong T cell proliferation against Gsα mutated peptides was observed in 18/24 patients with PMP. Mass cytometry analysis of tumor revealed infiltration of CD3 +T cells in most samples, with variable CD4+:CD8 + ratios. A large proportion of T cells expressed immune checkpoint molecules, in particular programmed death receptor-1 and T cell immunoreceptor with Ig and ITIM, indicating that these T cells were antigen experienced. Conclusion These findings point to the existence of a pre-existing immunity in patients with PMP towards mutated Gsα, which has been insufficient to control tumor growth, possibly because of inhibition of antitumor T cells by upregulation of immune checkpoint molecules. The results form a rationale for exploring peptide vaccination with Gsα peptides in combination with immune checkpoint inhibiton as a possible curative treatment for PMP and other GNAS mutated cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kjersti Flatmark
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway .,Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.,Department of Tumor Biology, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Annette Torgunrud
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.,Department of Tumor Biology, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Karianne G Fleten
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.,Department of Tumor Biology, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Ben Davidson
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.,Department of Pathology, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Hedvig V Juul
- Department of Cellular Therapy, Department of Oncology, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Nadia Mensali
- Department of Cellular Therapy, Department of Oncology, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Christin Lund-Andersen
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.,Department of Tumor Biology, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Else Marit Inderberg
- Department of Cellular Therapy, Department of Oncology, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
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Lee EJ, Jang GY, Lee SE, Lee JW, Han HD, Park YM, Kang TH. A novel form of immunotherapy using antigen peptides conjugated on PD-L1 antibody. Immunol Lett 2021; 240:137-148. [PMID: 34710507 DOI: 10.1016/j.imlet.2021.10.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2021] [Revised: 09/27/2021] [Accepted: 10/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs), including programmed cell death protein 1 (PD-1)/programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) and cytotoxic T-lymphocyte-associated protein 4 have shown promising cancer clinical outcomes. However, IC therapy has low patient response rates (10%-15%). Thus, ICIs and sufficient antigen combinations into the tumor microenvironment (TME) is important to produce strong tumor-specific adaptive immune responses. Mice were treated with cisplatin, and human cancer cells were exposed to inflammatory cytokines, to confirm increased PD-L1 and major histocompatibility complex (MHC) I expression by tumor cells or dendritic cells. TC-1, CT26, B16-F1, or B16-F10 tumor cells, and bone marrow-derived dendritic cells, were treated with interferon (IFN)-β, IFN-γ, or tumor necrosis factor-α to identify the molecular mechanisms underlying tumor PD-L1 and MHC I upregulation, and to examine MHC I, CD40, CD80, CD86, or PD-L1 levels, respectively. For synergistic combination therapy, αPD-L1 monoclonal antibody (mAb) covalently linked to the long E7 peptide was generated. Chemotherapy shifted the TME to express high PD-L1 and MHC I, resulting in targeted ICI cargo delivery and enhanced generation and activation of tumor antigen-specific T cells. Synergistic effects of vaccination and IC blockade in the TME were demonstrated using an anti-PD-L1 mAb covalently conjugated to the E7 long peptide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eun Ji Lee
- Department of Immunology, College of Medicine, Konkuk University, 268 Chungwon-daero, Chungju-si Chungcheongbuk-do 27478, Republic of Korea
| | - Gun-Young Jang
- Department of Immunology, College of Medicine, Konkuk University, 268 Chungwon-daero, Chungju-si Chungcheongbuk-do 27478, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung Eun Lee
- Department of Immunology, College of Medicine, Konkuk University, 268 Chungwon-daero, Chungju-si Chungcheongbuk-do 27478, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji Won Lee
- Department of Immunology, College of Medicine, Konkuk University, 268 Chungwon-daero, Chungju-si Chungcheongbuk-do 27478, Republic of Korea
| | - Hee Dong Han
- Department of Immunology, College of Medicine, Konkuk University, 268 Chungwon-daero, Chungju-si Chungcheongbuk-do 27478, Republic of Korea
| | - Yeong-Min Park
- Department of Immunology, College of Medicine, Konkuk University, 268 Chungwon-daero, Chungju-si Chungcheongbuk-do 27478, Republic of Korea
| | - Tae Heung Kang
- Institute of Biomedical Science and Technology, Konkuk University, 120 Neungdong-ro, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul 05029, Republic of Korea.
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43
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El-Ashmawy NE, Salem ML, Abd El-Fattah EE, Khedr EG. Targeting CD166 + lung cancer stem cells: Molecular study using murine dendritic cell vaccine. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2021; 429:115699. [PMID: 34437932 DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2021.115699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2021] [Revised: 08/15/2021] [Accepted: 08/19/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Cancer stem cells (CSC) are the most common causes of lung cancer relapse and mouse resistance to chemotherapy. CD166 was identified as CSC marker for lung cancer. Our study aimed to detect the effect of dendritic cell vaccine loaded with tumor cell lysate (TCL-DCV) on percentage of CD166+ CSC in lung of mice exposed to Benzo(a)Pyrene (BP). METHODS Female albino mice were divided into 5 groups (22 mice per group): normal control (NC), lung cancer control (LCC) (50 mg/kg BP orally, twice weekly for four weeks), dendritic cell (DC), TCL-DCV and cisplatin. Cisplatin (6 mg/kg, intraperitoneal) was given in two doses (18th and 20th week). 1 × 106 cells of each of DC and TCL-DCV was given subcutaneously as cisplatin. At the end of experiment (22 weeks), lung tissue was used for evaluation of cytotoxic T lymphocyte antigen-4 (Ctla-4), transforming growth factor-β (Tgf-β), forkhead box protein P3 (Foxp3), programmed death ligand 1 (Pd-l1) and interleukin 12 (Il-12) gene expression using quantitative RT-PCR. The percentage of CD83+, CD8+ and CD166+ cells in lung tissue were measured using flow cytometry. RESULTS The results revealed that TCL-DCV reversed the tumorigenic effect of BP in the lung as evidenced by histopathological examination. Compared to cisplatin, dendritic cell vaccination (TCL-DCV) significantly decreased percentage of CD166+ CSC. This anticancer stemness effect was attributed to the immune-stimulatory effect as indicated by increased percentage of CD83+ and CD8+ cells, upregulation of Il-12, and downregulation of Tgf-β, Ctla-4, Pd-l1 and Foxp3 gene expression compared to LCC group. CONCLUSIONS TCL-DCV ameliorated cancer stemness through modulating tumor immune archetypes which make it a potent therapeutic alternative to chemotherapy resistant cases.
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Affiliation(s)
- N E El-Ashmawy
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tanta University, Tanta, Egypt
| | - M L Salem
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Tanta University, Tanta, Egypt; Center of Excellence in Cancer Research, Tanta University, Tanta, Egypt
| | - E E Abd El-Fattah
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Delta University for Science and Technology, Gamasa, Egypt..
| | - E G Khedr
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tanta University, Tanta, Egypt
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El-Ashmawy N, Salem M, Abd El-Fattah E, Khedr E. Targeting CD166+ lung cancer stem cells: Molecular study using murine dendritic cell vaccine. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2021. [DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.taap.2021.115699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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45
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Deng D, Luo X, Zhang S, Xu Z. Immune cell infiltration-associated signature in colon cancer and its prognostic implications. Aging (Albany NY) 2021; 13:19696-19709. [PMID: 34349038 PMCID: PMC8386549 DOI: 10.18632/aging.203380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2021] [Accepted: 07/15/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Tumor immune cell infiltration (ICI) has been reported in various studies to be correlated with tumor diagnosis, clinical treatment sensitivity and prognosis. It is an important direction to study the characteristics of immune cell infiltration and develop new prognostic markers to improve the treatment of colon cancer. In this paper, we systematically analyzed the ICI characteristics and obtained three ICI clusters. Then, the ICI scores were constructed and its prognostic implications were discussed. From the results, the ICI score patterns were linked to a great survival difference (p<0.001). A high ICI score was characterized by a higher fraction of plasma cells, CD8+ T cells, memory resting CD4+ T cells, monocytes, eosinophils and dendritic cells, which had better prognosis. Macrophages and neutrophils were increased in low ICI score patients with decreased overall survival. Immune checkpoint molecules (PDCD1, CD274, LAG3, IDO1, CTLA-4, TIGHT and HAVCR2) were found to be significantly overexpressed in the low ICI score subgroup. In addition, we also studied the correlation between the tumor mutation burden (TMB) and ICI score. This study indicated the ICI score could serve as a potential prognostic biomarker for colon cancer patients’ immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan Deng
- Department of Cardiology, Zhuzhou Central Hospital, Zhuzhou 412007, China.,Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Internal Medicine, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha 410012, China
| | - Xin Luo
- Department of Cardiology, Zhuzhou Central Hospital, Zhuzhou 412007, China
| | - Sifang Zhang
- Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Internal Medicine, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha 410012, China
| | - Zhijie Xu
- Department of Pathology, Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha 410008, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, China
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46
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Brandum EP, Jørgensen AS, Rosenkilde MM, Hjortø GM. Dendritic Cells and CCR7 Expression: An Important Factor for Autoimmune Diseases, Chronic Inflammation, and Cancer. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22158340. [PMID: 34361107 PMCID: PMC8348795 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22158340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2021] [Revised: 07/28/2021] [Accepted: 07/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Chemotactic cytokines-chemokines-control immune cell migration in the process of initiation and resolution of inflammatory conditions as part of the body's defense system. Many chemokines also participate in pathological processes leading up to and exacerbating the inflammatory state characterizing chronic inflammatory diseases. In this review, we discuss the role of dendritic cells (DCs) and the central chemokine receptor CCR7 in the initiation and sustainment of selected chronic inflammatory diseases: multiple sclerosis (MS), rheumatoid arthritis (RA), and psoriasis. We revisit the binary role that CCR7 plays in combatting and progressing cancer, and we discuss how CCR7 and DCs can be harnessed for the treatment of cancer. To provide the necessary background, we review the differential roles of the natural ligands of CCR7, CCL19, and CCL21 and how they direct the mobilization of activated DCs to lymphoid organs and control the formation of associated lymphoid tissues (ALTs). We provide an overview of DC subsets and, briefly, elaborate on the different T-cell effector types generated upon DC-T cell priming. In the conclusion, we promote CCR7 as a possible target of future drugs with an antagonistic effect to reduce inflammation in chronic inflammatory diseases and an agonistic effect for boosting the reactivation of the immune system against cancer in cell-based and/or immune checkpoint inhibitor (ICI)-based anti-cancer therapy.
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Anh BV, Thao CT, Cuong PT, Thuy NTT, Diem HH, Van Khanh BT, Hue BTH, Uyen TTT, Tu ND, Hoai TTT, Thanh NL, Liem NT, Nhung HTM. Vγ9γδ T Cell Induction by Human Umbilical Cord Blood Monocytes-Derived, Interferon-α-Stimulated Dendritic Cells. Cancer Control 2021; 27:1073274820974025. [PMID: 33222507 PMCID: PMC7791440 DOI: 10.1177/1073274820974025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Dendritic cells (DC) are professional antigen-presenting cells that activate T
cells to kill cancer cells. The extracellular products of DCs have also been
reported to perform the same function. In this study, we examined the in
vitro differentiation of umbilical cord blood monocytes into DCs in
the presence of GM-CSF, and interferon (IFN)-α. The resulting DC population
(called IFN-DCs) were then matured in the presence of TNF-α, and pulsed with
total protein extracted from A549 cancer cell line. The pulsed DCs and their
conditioned medium were then used to stimulate allogeneic lymphocytes (alloLym).
The proliferation and cytotoxicity of alloLym were then determined. The results
showed that after 5 days of differentiation, the stimulated monocytes had the
typical morphology and characteristic surface markers of DCs. Both unpulsed and
pulsed IFN-DCs can induce the proliferation of alloLym, especially Vγ9γδ T
cells. The conditioned medium from pulsed and unpulsed IFN-DCs culture also
prompted the growth of Vγ9γδ T cells. Moreover, alloLym stimulated with pulsed
DCs and their conditioned medium had a greater cytotoxic effect on A549 cells
than the ones that were not stimulated. Our results indicated that IFN-DCs and
their conditioned medium could induce the anti-tumor immunity in
vitro, providing evidence for application of cord blood
monocytes-derived, interferon-α- stimulated dendritic cells and their
extracellular products in anti-cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bui Viet Anh
- VNU University of Science, Vietnam National University, Hanoi, Vietnam.,Vinmec Hightech Center, Vinmec Healthcare system, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Chu Thi Thao
- Vinmec Hightech Center, Vinmec Healthcare system, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Pham Thi Cuong
- VNU University of Science, Vietnam National University, Hanoi, Vietnam.,Vinmec Research Institute of Stem cells and Gene Technology, Vinmec Healthcare system, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Nguyen Thi Thu Thuy
- VNU University of Science, Vietnam National University, Hanoi, Vietnam.,Vinmec Research Institute of Stem cells and Gene Technology, Vinmec Healthcare system, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Hoang Huong Diem
- VNU University of Science, Vietnam National University, Hanoi, Vietnam.,Vinmec Research Institute of Stem cells and Gene Technology, Vinmec Healthcare system, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Bui Thi Van Khanh
- VNU University of Science, Vietnam National University, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Bui Thi Hong Hue
- Vinmec Research Institute of Stem cells and Gene Technology, Vinmec Healthcare system, Hanoi, Vietnam.,College of Health Sciences, Vin University, Hanoi, Vin homes Ocean Park, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Than Thi Trang Uyen
- Vinmec Research Institute of Stem cells and Gene Technology, Vinmec Healthcare system, Hanoi, Vietnam.,College of Health Sciences, Vin University, Hanoi, Vin homes Ocean Park, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Nguyen Dac Tu
- Vinmec Hightech Center, Vinmec Healthcare system, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | | | - Nguyen Lai Thanh
- VNU University of Science, Vietnam National University, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Nguyen Thanh Liem
- Vinmec Research Institute of Stem cells and Gene Technology, Vinmec Healthcare system, Hanoi, Vietnam.,College of Health Sciences, Vin University, Hanoi, Vin homes Ocean Park, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Hoang Thi My Nhung
- VNU University of Science, Vietnam National University, Hanoi, Vietnam.,Vinmec Research Institute of Stem cells and Gene Technology, Vinmec Healthcare system, Hanoi, Vietnam
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Le Guin CHD, Bornfeld N, Bechrakis NE, Jabbarli L, Richly H, Lohmann DR, Zeschnigk M. Early detection of metastatic uveal melanoma by the analysis of tumor-specific mutations in cell-free plasma DNA. Cancer Med 2021; 10:5974-5982. [PMID: 34291585 PMCID: PMC8419753 DOI: 10.1002/cam4.4153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2021] [Revised: 06/25/2021] [Accepted: 07/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Eye salvaging therapy of malignant melanomas of the uvea can preserve the eye in most cases, but still about half of patients die from metastatic disease. Previous analyses of cell‐free DNA from plasma had shown detectable levels of tumor‐specific GNAQ/GNA11 mutations in patients with the clinical diagnosis of progressive disease. However, data on the time span that elapses from the detection of ctDNA in plasma to the clinical detection of metastases (diagnostic lead time) are missing. Methods We examined 135 patients with uveal melanoma. Cell‐free DNA was isolated from a total of 807 blood samples which were taken over a period of up to 41 months and analyzed for the presence of GNAQ/GNA11 mutations by deep amplicon sequencing. Results Twenty‐one of the 135 patients developed metastases or recurrence. A ctDNA signal was identified in the plasma of 17 of the 21 patients. In 10 patients, this ctDNA signal preceded the clinical diagnosis of metastasis by 2–10 months. In 10 other patients, a ctDNA signal was only detected in samples obtained shortly before or after radiotherapy. The presence of a ctDNA signal in 16 of the remaining 125 patients was linked to clinical manifestation of metastases (n = 14) or tumor recurrence (n = 2) with a sensitivity and specificity of 80% and 96%, respectively. Conclusion Detection of ctDNA in plasma can provide a diagnostic lead time over the clinical diagnosis of metastases or tumor recurrence. Longer lead times are to be expected if intervals between sampling are shortened.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia H D Le Guin
- Department of Ophthalmology, University Hospital Essen, University Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Norbert Bornfeld
- Department of Ophthalmology, University Hospital Essen, University Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Nikolaos E Bechrakis
- Department of Ophthalmology, University Hospital Essen, University Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Leyla Jabbarli
- Department of Ophthalmology, University Hospital Essen, University Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Heike Richly
- Department of Medical Oncology, West German Cancer Center, University Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Dietmar R Lohmann
- Institute of Human Genetics, University Hospital Essen, University Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Michael Zeschnigk
- Institute of Human Genetics, University Hospital Essen, University Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
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Wang Q, Yu X, Yang N, Xu L, Zhou Y. LncRNA AC007255.1, an immune-related prognostic enhancer RNA in esophageal cancer. PeerJ 2021; 9:e11698. [PMID: 34316393 PMCID: PMC8286057 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.11698] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2021] [Accepted: 06/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Growing evidence has suggested that enhancer RNAs (eRNAs), a set of long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) that were derived from active enhancer regions, play critical roles in regulating gene expression in human cancers. Nevertheless potential functions of eRNAs in esophageal cancer ESCA have not yet been expounded. Here, this study aimed to explore key prognostic eRNAs in ESCA. Methods LncRNAs that were transcribed from active enhancer regions were analyzed utilizing the PreSTIGE algorithm, followed by prediction of their target genes. Based on the ESCA RNA-seq data from the TANRIC database, overall survival (OS)-related eRNAs were determined. The correlation between AC007255.1 expression and various clinical traits of ESCA was calculated. Functional enrichment analysis was presented based on its co-expressed genes. Based on the TIMER database, we analyzed correlations between AC007255.1 expression and immune infiltration levels. qRT-PCR was utilized to validate the expression of AC007255.1 and PRR15 in ESCA and normal tissues. Results Totally, 2,695 lncRNAs were transcribed from active enhancer regions. Among them, 33 were significantly related to OS. AC007255.1 was a key eRNA. PRR15 was a target gene of AC007255.1 (correlation coefficient r = 0.936). Patients with high AC007255.1 expression indicated poor OS time. There were significant correlations between AC007255.1 expression and clinical characteristics like pathological TNM, grade and stage. AC007255.1 was closely related to tight junction and neutrophil activation involved in immune response. Moreover, AC007255.1 expression was related to the infiltration levels of B cell, dendritic cell and neutrophil. qRT-PCR results confirmed that AC007255.1 and PRR15 were both up-regulated in ESCA tissues, and there was a positive correlation between the two. Conclusion Our findings identified a novel immune-related eRNA AC007255.1 in ESCA, which could be a promising prognostic factor for ESCA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingqing Wang
- Department of Radiation Oncology and Medical Oncology, Zhongnan Hospital, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.,Hubei Cancer Clinical Study Center, Hubei Key Laboratory of Tumor Biological Behaviors, Zhongnan Hospital, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.,Department of Ultrasound, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Xiaoyan Yu
- Department of Radiation Oncology and Medical Oncology, Zhongnan Hospital, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.,Hubei Cancer Clinical Study Center, Hubei Key Laboratory of Tumor Biological Behaviors, Zhongnan Hospital, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Ningning Yang
- Department of Radiation Oncology and Medical Oncology, Zhongnan Hospital, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.,Hubei Cancer Clinical Study Center, Hubei Key Laboratory of Tumor Biological Behaviors, Zhongnan Hospital, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Lu Xu
- Department of Radiation Oncology and Medical Oncology, Zhongnan Hospital, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.,Hubei Cancer Clinical Study Center, Hubei Key Laboratory of Tumor Biological Behaviors, Zhongnan Hospital, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Yunfeng Zhou
- Department of Radiation Oncology and Medical Oncology, Zhongnan Hospital, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.,Hubei Cancer Clinical Study Center, Hubei Key Laboratory of Tumor Biological Behaviors, Zhongnan Hospital, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
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Bufalieri F, Basili I, Di Marcotullio L, Infante P. Harnessing the Activation of RIG-I Like Receptors to Inhibit Glioblastoma Tumorigenesis. Front Mol Neurosci 2021; 14:710171. [PMID: 34305530 PMCID: PMC8295747 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2021.710171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2021] [Accepted: 06/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma (GB) is an incurable form of brain malignancy in an adult with a median survival of less than 15 months. The current standard of care, which consists of surgical resection, radiotherapy, and chemotherapy with temozolomide, has been unsuccessful due to an extensive inter- and intra-tumoral genetic and molecular heterogeneity. This aspect represents a serious obstacle for developing alternative therapeutic options for GB. In the last years, immunotherapy has emerged as an effective treatment for a wide range of cancers and several trials have evaluated its effects in GB patients. Unfortunately, clinical outcomes were disappointing particularly because of the presence of tumor immunosuppressive microenvironment. Recently, anti-cancer approaches aimed to improve the expression and the activity of RIG-I-like receptors (RLRs) have emerged. These innovative therapeutic strategies attempt to stimulate both innate and adaptive immune responses against tumor antigens and to promote the apoptosis of cancer cells. Indeed, RLRs are important mediators of the innate immune system by triggering the type I interferon (IFN) response upon recognition of immunostimulatory RNAs. In this mini-review, we discuss the functions of RLRs family members in the control of immune response and we focus on the potential clinical application of RLRs agonists as a promising strategy for GB therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Irene Basili
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University La Sapienza, Rome, Italy
| | - Lucia Di Marcotullio
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University La Sapienza, Rome, Italy
- Laboratory affiliated to Istituto Pasteur Italia-Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti, Rome, Italy
| | - Paola Infante
- Center For Life Nano Science@Sapienza, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Rome, Italy
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