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Stachon T, Latta L, Fries FN, Seitz B, Szentmáry N. Secondary Data Analysis of Inflammation-Related mRNAs in Conjunctival Impression Cytology Samples of Aniridia Patients. Cornea 2024; 43:627-634. [PMID: 38147570 DOI: 10.1097/ico.0000000000003454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2023] [Accepted: 11/14/2023] [Indexed: 12/28/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Aniridia is a rare corneal disease that is often associated with aniridia-associated keratopathy (AAK). In AAK, the conjunctival tissue crosses the limbal border, forming a corneal pannus that extends into the corneal center. With increasing AAK severity, corneal pannus formation, vascularization, and ocular surface inflammation increase. The purpose of this study was to investigate inflammation-related mRNA expression in conjunctival epithelial cells in AAK and its relationship with AAK severity. METHODS Using impression cytology, bulbar conjunctival cells were sampled from 20 subjects with congenital aniridia and 20 age-matched and sex-matched healthy control subjects. RNA was extracted, and mRNA analyses were performed using microarray, which was evaluated for inflammatory markers. RESULTS In the analyzed aniridia subjects, 70 deregulated mRNAs encoding proinflammatory or antiinflammatory cytokines or factors associated with chronic inflammation, including increased IL-1, IL-8, and MIP3A/CCL20 mRNA. The most downregulated mRNA was TIMP3, and the most upregulated mRNA was Protein c-Fos.Of the 70 mRNAs, 14 inflammation-related genes were altered only in the mild AAK forms, whereas only 2 mRNAs were altered only in the severe AAK forms (TLR4 and PPARG). CONCLUSIONS The expression of numerous proinflammatory and antiinflammatory cytokines is deregulated at the ocular surface of aniridia subjects with mild AAK. Thus, early antiinflammatory treatment may prevent or slow down corneal scarring and pannus formation in aniridia subjects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tanja Stachon
- Dr. Rolf M. Schwiete Center for Limbal Stem Cell and Aniridia Research, Homburg, Saarland, Germany; and
| | - Lorenz Latta
- Dr. Rolf M. Schwiete Center for Limbal Stem Cell and Aniridia Research, Homburg, Saarland, Germany; and
| | - Fabian N Fries
- Department of Ophthalmology, Saarland University Medical Center, Homburg, Saarland, Germany
| | - Berthold Seitz
- Department of Ophthalmology, Saarland University Medical Center, Homburg, Saarland, Germany
| | - Nóra Szentmáry
- Dr. Rolf M. Schwiete Center for Limbal Stem Cell and Aniridia Research, Homburg, Saarland, Germany; and
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Desmond LW, Holbrook EM, Wright CTO, Zambrano CA, Stamper CE, Bohr AD, Frank MG, Podell BK, Moreno JA, MacDonald AS, Reber SO, Hernández-Pando R, Lowry CA. Effects of Mycobacterium vaccae NCTC 11659 and Lipopolysaccharide Challenge on Polarization of Murine BV-2 Microglial Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 25:474. [PMID: 38203645 PMCID: PMC10779110 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25010474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2023] [Revised: 12/15/2023] [Accepted: 12/22/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Previous studies have shown that the in vivo administration of soil-derived bacteria with anti-inflammatory and immunoregulatory properties, such as Mycobacterium vaccae NCTC 11659, can prevent a stress-induced shift toward an inflammatory M1 microglial immunophenotype and microglial priming in the central nervous system (CNS). It remains unclear whether M. vaccae NCTC 11659 can act directly on microglia to mediate these effects. This study was designed to determine the effects of M. vaccae NCTC 11659 on the polarization of naïve BV-2 cells, a murine microglial cell line, and BV-2 cells subsequently challenged with lipopolysaccharide (LPS). Briefly, murine BV-2 cells were exposed to 100 µg/mL whole-cell, heat-killed M. vaccae NCTC 11659 or sterile borate-buffered saline (BBS) vehicle, followed, 24 h later, by exposure to 0.250 µg/mL LPS (Escherichia coli 0111: B4; n = 3) in cell culture media vehicle (CMV) or a CMV control condition. Twenty-four hours after the LPS or CMV challenge, cells were harvested to isolate total RNA. An analysis using the NanoString platform revealed that, by itself, M. vaccae NCTC 11659 had an "adjuvant-like" effect, while exposure to LPS increased the expression of mRNAs encoding proinflammatory cytokines, chemokine ligands, the C3 component of complement, and components of inflammasome signaling such as Nlrp3. Among LPS-challenged cells, M. vaccae NCTC 11659 had limited effects on differential gene expression using a threshold of 1.5-fold change. A subset of genes was assessed using real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (real-time RT-PCR), including Arg1, Ccl2, Il1b, Il6, Nlrp3, and Tnf. Based on the analysis using real-time RT-PCR, M. vaccae NCTC 11659 by itself again induced "adjuvant-like" effects, increasing the expression of Il1b, Il6, and Tnf while decreasing the expression of Arg1. LPS by itself increased the expression of Ccl2, Il1b, Il6, Nlrp3, and Tnf while decreasing the expression of Arg1. Among LPS-challenged cells, M. vaccae NCTC 11659 enhanced LPS-induced increases in the expression of Nlrp3 and Tnf, consistent with microglial priming. In contrast, among LPS-challenged cells, although M. vaccae NCTC 11659 did not fully prevent the effects of LPS relative to vehicle-treated control conditions, it increased Arg1 mRNA expression, suggesting that M. vaccae NCTC 11659 induces an atypical microglial phenotype. Thus, M. vaccae NCTC 11659 acutely (within 48 h) induced immune-activating and microglial-priming effects when applied directly to murine BV-2 microglial cells, in contrast to its long-term anti-inflammatory and immunoregulatory effects observed on the CNS when whole-cell, heat-killed preparations of M. vaccae NCTC 11659 were given peripherally in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luke W. Desmond
- Department of Integrative Physiology, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO 80309, USA; (L.W.D.); (E.M.H.); (C.T.O.W.); (C.A.Z.); (C.E.S.); (A.D.B.); (M.G.F.)
| | - Evan M. Holbrook
- Department of Integrative Physiology, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO 80309, USA; (L.W.D.); (E.M.H.); (C.T.O.W.); (C.A.Z.); (C.E.S.); (A.D.B.); (M.G.F.)
| | - Caelan T. O. Wright
- Department of Integrative Physiology, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO 80309, USA; (L.W.D.); (E.M.H.); (C.T.O.W.); (C.A.Z.); (C.E.S.); (A.D.B.); (M.G.F.)
| | - Cristian A. Zambrano
- Department of Integrative Physiology, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO 80309, USA; (L.W.D.); (E.M.H.); (C.T.O.W.); (C.A.Z.); (C.E.S.); (A.D.B.); (M.G.F.)
| | - Christopher E. Stamper
- Department of Integrative Physiology, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO 80309, USA; (L.W.D.); (E.M.H.); (C.T.O.W.); (C.A.Z.); (C.E.S.); (A.D.B.); (M.G.F.)
| | - Adam D. Bohr
- Department of Integrative Physiology, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO 80309, USA; (L.W.D.); (E.M.H.); (C.T.O.W.); (C.A.Z.); (C.E.S.); (A.D.B.); (M.G.F.)
| | - Matthew G. Frank
- Department of Integrative Physiology, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO 80309, USA; (L.W.D.); (E.M.H.); (C.T.O.W.); (C.A.Z.); (C.E.S.); (A.D.B.); (M.G.F.)
- Center for Neuroscience, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO 80309, USA
| | - Brendan K. Podell
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Pathology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523, USA;
| | - Julie A. Moreno
- Prion Research Center, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523, USA;
- Department of Environmental and Radiological Health Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523, USA
- Center for Healthy Aging, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523, USA
| | - Andrew S. MacDonald
- Lydia Becker Institute of Immunology and Inflammation, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9NT, UK;
| | - Stefan O. Reber
- Laboratory for Molecular Psychosomatics, Department of Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, Ulm University Medical Center, 89081 Ulm, Germany;
| | - Rogelio Hernández-Pando
- Sección de Patología Experimental, Departamento de Patología, Instituto Nacional De Ciencias Médicas Y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Ciudad de México 14080, Mexico;
| | - Christopher A. Lowry
- Department of Integrative Physiology, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO 80309, USA; (L.W.D.); (E.M.H.); (C.T.O.W.); (C.A.Z.); (C.E.S.); (A.D.B.); (M.G.F.)
- Center for Neuroscience, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO 80309, USA
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO 80309, USA
- Center for Microbial Exploration, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO 80309, USA
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation and Center for Neuroscience, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
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Carnero E, Irigoyen-Bañegil C, Gutiérrez I, Extramiana L, Sabater AL, Moreno-Montañes J. Comparison of Transcriptomic Analysis of the Conjunctiva in Glaucoma-Treated Eyes with Dry Eyes and Healthy Controls. Biomolecules 2023; 14:30. [PMID: 38254630 PMCID: PMC10813521 DOI: 10.3390/biom14010030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2023] [Revised: 12/12/2023] [Accepted: 12/18/2023] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Ocular surface disease (OSD) associated with topical glaucoma drugs is a common issue impacting treatment adherence. We aimed to identify conjunctival transcriptomic changes in glaucoma and dry eye patients, comparing them to healthy controls. Bulbar conjunctival specimens were collected via impression cytology from 33 patients treated for glaucoma, 9 patients with dry eye, and 14 healthy controls. RNA extraction and bulk RNA sequencing were performed, followed by bioinformatics analysis to detect gene dysregulation. Ingenuity pathways analysis (IPA) identified pathways and biological processes associated with these transcriptomic changes. Sequencing analysis revealed 200 modified genes in glaucoma patients compared to healthy individuals, 233 differentially expressed genes in dry eye patients versus controls, and 650 genes in treated versus dry eye samples. In glaucoma patients, 79% of altered pathways were related to host defense, while dry eye patients showed a 39% involvement of host response, 15% in cellular proliferation and integrity, and 16% of mitochondrial dysfunction. These findings were validated through qRT-PCR. Glaucoma patients showed an intensified conjunctival immune response as a potential cause of OSD, whereas in dry eye patients, in addition to the immune response, other mechanisms such as mitochondrial dysfunction or reduced cellular proliferation were observed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Carnero
- Department of Ophthalmology, Clínica Universidad de Navarra, University of Navarra, 31008 Pamplona, Navarra, Spain; (E.C.); (I.G.); (J.M.-M.)
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Navarra (IdiSNA), 31008 Pamplona, Navarra, Spain;
| | - Cristina Irigoyen-Bañegil
- Department of Ophthalmology, Clínica Universidad de Navarra, University of Navarra, 31008 Pamplona, Navarra, Spain; (E.C.); (I.G.); (J.M.-M.)
| | - Itziar Gutiérrez
- Department of Ophthalmology, Clínica Universidad de Navarra, University of Navarra, 31008 Pamplona, Navarra, Spain; (E.C.); (I.G.); (J.M.-M.)
| | - Leire Extramiana
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Navarra (IdiSNA), 31008 Pamplona, Navarra, Spain;
| | - Alfonso L. Sabater
- Department of Ophthalmology, Ocular Surface Center, Bascom Palmer Eye Institute, Miami, FL 33136, USA;
| | - Javier Moreno-Montañes
- Department of Ophthalmology, Clínica Universidad de Navarra, University of Navarra, 31008 Pamplona, Navarra, Spain; (E.C.); (I.G.); (J.M.-M.)
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Navarra (IdiSNA), 31008 Pamplona, Navarra, Spain;
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Labetoulle M, Leonardi A, Pisella PJ, Baudouin C. Ciclosporin A Cationic Emulsion 0.1% for the Management of Dry Eye Disease: Facts That Matter for Eye-Care Providers. Ocul Immunol Inflamm 2023; 31:1707-1715. [PMID: 35766874 DOI: 10.1080/09273948.2022.2088566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2022] [Accepted: 06/06/2022] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
Dry eye disease (DED) is a chronic inflammatory disease of the ocular surface requiring long-term therapy. Severe forms of DED generally do not respond to tear substitutes alone or combined, and often require treatment with topical anti-inflammatory agents to break the vicious circle of inflammation. This review summarises data from randomised controlled trials and real-world evidence on the efficacy and safety of ciclosporin A 0.1% cationic emulsion (Ikervis®) for the management of DED. Improvements in clinical signs and symptoms were reported from as early as 4 weeks after treatment initiation, although it can take a few months to reach the full benefits. Treatment periods of up to 12 months provide sustained benefit to patients. In the most responsive patients, treatment discontinuation is possible with no further substantial relapse over 12 months in over 65% of patients. Transient local ocular effects are the most commonly reported adverse events.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marc Labetoulle
- Department of Ophthalmology, Paris-Sud University, Paris, France
| | - Andrea Leonardi
- Department of Neuroscience, Ophthalmology Unit, University of Padua, Padua, Italy
| | | | - Christophe Baudouin
- Department of Ophthalmology, Quinze-Vingts National Ophthalmology Hospital and Vision Institute, IHU FOReSIGHT, Paris, France
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Vergés C, Giménez-Capitán A, Ribas V, Salgado-Borges J, March de Ribot F, Mayo-de-Las-Casas C, Armiger-Borras N, Pedraz C, Molina-Vila MÁ. Gene expression signatures in conjunctival fornix aspirates of patients with dry eye disease associated with Meibomian gland dysfunction. A proof-of-concept study. Ocul Surf 2023; 30:42-50. [PMID: 37524297 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtos.2023.07.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2023] [Revised: 07/26/2023] [Accepted: 07/28/2023] [Indexed: 08/02/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Meibomian gland dysfunction (MGD) is one of the most common conditions in ophthalmic practice and the most frequent cause of evaporative dry eye disease (DED). However, the immune mechanisms leading to this pathology are not fully understood and the diagnostic tests available are limited. Here, we used the nCounter technology to analyze immune gene expression in DED-MGD that can be used for developing diagnostic signatures for DED. METHODS Conjunctival cell samples were obtained by aspiration from patients with DED-MGD (n = 27) and asymptomatic controls (n = 22). RNA was purified, converted to cDNA, preamplified and analyzed using the Gene Expression Human Immune V2 panel (NanoString), which includes 579 target and 15 housekeeping genes. A machine learning (ML) algorithm was applied to design a signature associated with DED-MGD. RESULTS Forty-five immune genes were found upregulated in DED-MGD vs. controls, involved in eight signaling pathways, IFN I/II, MHC class I/II, immunometabolism, B cell receptor, T Cell receptor, and T helper-17 (Th-17) differentiation. Additionally, statistically significant correlations were found between 31 genes and clinical characteristics of the disease such as lid margin or tear osmolarity (Pearson's r < 0.05). ML analysis using a recursive feature elimination (RFE) algorithm selected a 4-gene mRNA signature that discriminated DED-MGD from control samples with an area under the ROC curve (AUC ROC) of 0.86 and an accuracy of 77.5%. CONCLUSIONS Multiplexed mRNA analysis of conjunctival cells can be used to analyze immune gene expression patterns in patients with DED-MGD and to generate diagnostic signatures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos Vergés
- Department of Ophthalmology, Hospital Universitari Dexeus, Area Oftalmológica Avanzada, Universitat Politécnica de Catalunya, Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Ana Giménez-Capitán
- Pangaea Oncology, Laboratory of Oncology, Dexeus University Hospital, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Verónica Ribas
- Department of Ophthalmology, Hospital Universitari Dexeus, Area Oftalmológica Avanzada, Universitat Politécnica de Catalunya, Barcelona, Spain
| | - José Salgado-Borges
- Department of Ophthalmology, Hospital Universitari Dexeus, Area Oftalmológica Avanzada, Universitat Politécnica de Catalunya, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Francesc March de Ribot
- Department of Ophthalmology, Hospital Universitari Dexeus, Area Oftalmológica Avanzada, Universitat Politécnica de Catalunya, Barcelona, Spain
| | | | - Noelia Armiger-Borras
- Pangaea Oncology, Laboratory of Oncology, Dexeus University Hospital, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Carlos Pedraz
- Pangaea Oncology, Laboratory of Oncology, Dexeus University Hospital, Barcelona, Spain
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Vaiasicca S, Melone G, James DW, Quintela M, Preziuso A, Finnell RH, Conlan RS, Francis LW, Corradetti B. Transcriptomic analysis of stem cells from chorionic villi uncovers the impact of chromosomes 2, 6 and 22 in the clinical manifestations of Down syndrome. Stem Cell Res Ther 2023; 14:265. [PMID: 37740230 PMCID: PMC10517537 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-023-03503-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2023] [Accepted: 09/18/2023] [Indexed: 09/24/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Down syndrome (DS) clinical multisystem condition is generally considered the result of a genetic imbalance generated by the extra copy of chromosome 21. Recent discoveries, however, demonstrate that the molecular mechanisms activated in DS compared to euploid individuals are more complex than previously thought. Here, we utilize mesenchymal stem cells from chorionic villi (CV) to uncover the role of comprehensive functional genomics-based understanding of DS complexity. METHODS Next-generation sequencing coupled with bioinformatic analysis was performed on CV obtained from women carrying fetuses with DS (DS-CV) to reveal specific genome-wide transcriptional changes compared to their euploid counterparts. Functional assays were carried out to confirm the biological processes identified as enriched in DS-CV compared to CV (i.e., cell cycle, proliferation features, immunosuppression and ROS production). RESULTS Genes located on chromosomes other than the canonical 21 (Ch. 2, 6 and 22) are responsible for the impairment of life-essential pathways, including cell cycle regulation, innate immune response and reaction to external stimuli were found to be differentially expressed in DS-CV. Experimental validation confirmed the key role of the biological pathways regulated by those genes in the etiology of such a multisystem condition. CONCLUSIONS NGS dataset generated in this study highlights the compromised functionality in the proliferative rate and in the innate response of DS-associated clinical conditions and identifies DS-CV as suitable tools for the development of specifically tailored, personalized intervention modalities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Salvatore Vaiasicca
- Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, Polytechnic University of Marche, Ancona, Italy
- Scientific Direction, IRCCS INRCA, Ancona, Italy
| | - Gianmarco Melone
- Centre for NanoHealth, Swansea University Medical School, Singleton Park, Swansea, Wales, UK
| | - David W James
- Centre for NanoHealth, Swansea University Medical School, Singleton Park, Swansea, Wales, UK
| | - Marcos Quintela
- Centre for NanoHealth, Swansea University Medical School, Singleton Park, Swansea, Wales, UK
| | - Alessandra Preziuso
- Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, Polytechnic University of Marche, Ancona, Italy
| | - Richard H Finnell
- Center for Precision Environmental Health, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Robert Steven Conlan
- Centre for NanoHealth, Swansea University Medical School, Singleton Park, Swansea, Wales, UK
- Department of Nanomedicine, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Lewis W Francis
- Centre for NanoHealth, Swansea University Medical School, Singleton Park, Swansea, Wales, UK
| | - Bruna Corradetti
- Centre for NanoHealth, Swansea University Medical School, Singleton Park, Swansea, Wales, UK.
- Department of Nanomedicine, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, TX, USA.
- Center for Precision Environmental Health, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA.
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Zhuang D, Misra SL, Mugisho OO, Rupenthal ID, Craig JP. NLRP3 Inflammasome as a Potential Therapeutic Target in Dry Eye Disease. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:10866. [PMID: 37446038 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241310866] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2023] [Revised: 06/19/2023] [Accepted: 06/22/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Dry eye disease (DED) is a multifactorial ocular surface disorder arising from numerous interrelated underlying pathologies that trigger a self-perpetuating cycle of instability, hyperosmolarity, and ocular surface damage. Associated ocular discomfort and visual disturbance contribute negatively to quality of life. Ocular surface inflammation has been increasingly recognised as playing a key role in the pathophysiology of chronic DED. Current readily available anti-inflammatory agents successfully relieve symptoms, but often without addressing the underlying pathophysiological mechanism. The NOD-like receptor protein-3 (NLRP3) inflammasome pathway has recently been implicated as a key driver of ocular surface inflammation, as reported in pre-clinical and clinical studies of DED. This review discusses the intimate relationship between DED and inflammation, highlights the involvement of the inflammasome in the development of DED, describes existing anti-inflammatory therapies and their limitations, and evaluates the potential of the inflammasome in the context of the existing anti-inflammatory therapeutic landscape as a therapeutic target for effective treatment of the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dian Zhuang
- Department of Ophthalmology, New Zealand National Eye Centre, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, The University of Auckland, Auckland 1142, New Zealand
| | - Stuti L Misra
- Department of Ophthalmology, New Zealand National Eye Centre, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, The University of Auckland, Auckland 1142, New Zealand
| | - Odunayo O Mugisho
- Buchanan Ocular Therapeutics Unit, Department of Ophthalmology, New Zealand National Eye Centre, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, The University of Auckland, Auckland 1142, New Zealand
| | - Ilva D Rupenthal
- Buchanan Ocular Therapeutics Unit, Department of Ophthalmology, New Zealand National Eye Centre, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, The University of Auckland, Auckland 1142, New Zealand
| | - Jennifer P Craig
- Department of Ophthalmology, New Zealand National Eye Centre, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, The University of Auckland, Auckland 1142, New Zealand
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Using Network Pharmacology and Molecular Docking to Explore the Mechanism of Qiju Dihuang Pill against Dry Eye Disease. COMPUTATIONAL AND MATHEMATICAL METHODS IN MEDICINE 2022; 2022:7316794. [PMID: 36590763 PMCID: PMC9800906 DOI: 10.1155/2022/7316794] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2021] [Revised: 11/09/2022] [Accepted: 12/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Background Dry eye disease (DED) is a multifactorial disease of the ocular surface, which affects the quality of life and work efficiency of affected patients. The traditional Chinese medicine formula Qiju Dihuang Pill (QJDHP) has a good therapeutic effect on DED. However, the pharmacological mechanism is not clear. Objective To explore the mechanism of QJDHP in the treatment of DED based on network pharmacology. Method The active components in QJDHP were screened in Traditional Chinese Medicine Systems Pharmacology (TCMSP), and putative molecular targets of QJDHP were identified using the SwissTargetPrediction database. DED-related targets were screened by GeneCards and OMIM. We established protein-protein interaction (PPI) and core targets and corresponding active compound network by Cytoscape to identify the core targets and main compounds of QJDHP against DED. DAVID database was utilized for Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway enrichment analyses. Molecular docking was used to evaluate the binding activity between key active compounds and core targets. Results The results of network pharmacology showed that 253 targets of QJDHP were related to DED. PPI network analysis showed the 18 core targets. The binding affinity of docking results ranged from -5.7 to -9.3 kcal/mol, indicating a good docking effect. The results of GO enrichment analysis showed that the mechanism of QJDHP in the treatment of DED mainly involved biological processes such as apoptosis, oxidative stress, response to estrogen, angiogenesis, and the regulation of transcription factors. KEGG analysis showed that QJDHP may be regulated by the TNF signaling pathway, Toll-like receptor signaling pathway, MAPK signaling pathway, and estrogen signaling pathway in the treatment of DED. Conclusion In this study, we demonstrated the multicomponent, multitarget, and multichannel action mechanism of QJDHP in the treatment of DED and provided a foundation for further drug development research.
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9
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Daull P, Baudouin C, Liang H, Feraille L, Barabino S, Garrigue JS. Review of Preclinical Outcomes of a Topical Cationic Emulsion of Cyclosporine A for the Treatment of Ocular Surface Diseases. Ocul Immunol Inflamm 2022; 30:1945-1955. [PMID: 34348575 DOI: 10.1080/09273948.2021.1957124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cyclosporine A (CsA) has been used as a topical treatment for various ocular surface diseases including dry eye disease (DED). Several CsA formulations are available as solutions or emulsions. PURPOSE This review describes the development and the preclinical testing of a cationic oil-in-water emulsion of CsA (CE-CsA) in terms of pharmacodynamics, pharmacokinetics, and ocular tolerance. Due to the cationic charge, CE electrostatically interacts with the negatively-charged ocular surface, improving its residence time. Compared to other CsA formulations, CE-CsA and CE itself were found to reduce the signs and symptoms of DED, by restoring tear film stability and properties, and inhibiting the expression and secretion of pro-inflammatory factors. No delay in wound healing nor ocular toxicity were observed using CE formulations. CONCLUSION these findings indicate that the type of vehicle can significantly affect the performance of eye drops and play an ancillary role in DED treatment. CE appears as a promising strategy to deliver drugs to the ocular surface while maintaining its homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Christophe Baudouin
- CHNO des Quinze-Vingts, IHU FOReSIGHT, INSERM-DGOS CIC 1423, Paris, France.,Sorbonne Universités, INSERM, CNRS, Institut de la Vision, Paris, France
| | - Hong Liang
- CHNO des Quinze-Vingts, IHU FOReSIGHT, INSERM-DGOS CIC 1423, Paris, France.,Sorbonne Universités, INSERM, CNRS, Institut de la Vision, Paris, France
| | | | - Stefano Barabino
- Ocular Surface and Dry Eye Center, Ospedale L. Sacco, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
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Zhou J, Huang Q, Wang L, Li E, Huang W, Xiang Z. Autophagy Protects Ocular Surface Against Overactivated Inflammation by Degrading Retinoic Acid-Induced Gene-I in Human Conjunctival Epithelial Cells. J Ocul Pharmacol Ther 2022; 38:331-338. [PMID: 35613408 DOI: 10.1089/jop.2021.0121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose: To evaluate the pathological role of autophagy in dry eye diseases by detecting the autophagic degradation of RIG-I, a master RNA-sensing receptor in cells. Methods: RNA-sequencing analysis and qPCR analysis of the expression level of genes related to IFN-I signaling pathway was used to evaluate the inflammatory level of cells overexpressed with RIG-I or empty vector, which was further confirmed by WB analysis. Chemical treatment (3-methyladenine, chloroquine, NH4Cl, rapamycin, torin 1 or trehalose) or gene knockdown was used to modulate autophagy. When the autophagy level was regulated, the autophagic degradation of RIG-I and its pathological role in dry eye diseases were determined by detecting the protein level of RIG-I and the level of cell inflammation. Results: Cells that overexpressed RIG-I showed increased expression of genes involved in the IFN-I signaling pathway compared with cells transfected with an empty vector. Inhibition of autophagy leaded to the accumulation of RIG-I in HCECs, combined with the aggravation of the RIG-I-mediated IFN-I signaling pathway. Contrarily, promoting the autophagic degradation of RIG-I by trehalose treatment could alleviate IFN-I signaling pathway. Conclusions: Autophagy could protect the ocular surface against IFN-I signaling pathway by degrading RIG-I in HCECs. This process may restrict the overactivation of inflammation in the pathological development of dry eye disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Zhou
- Department of Ophthalmology, Taizhou Hospital of Zhejiang Province, Wenzhou Medical University, Taizhou, China
| | - Qinzhu Huang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Taizhou Hospital of Zhejiang Province, Wenzhou Medical University, Taizhou, China
| | - Ledan Wang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Taizhou Hospital of Zhejiang Province, Wenzhou Medical University, Taizhou, China
| | - Enhui Li
- Department of Ophthalmology, Taizhou Hospital of Zhejiang Province, Wenzhou Medical University, Taizhou, China
| | - Wenjuan Huang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Taizhou Hospital of Zhejiang Province, Wenzhou Medical University, Taizhou, China
| | - Zhenyang Xiang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Taizhou Hospital of Zhejiang Province, Wenzhou Medical University, Taizhou, China
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11
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Suárez-Cortés T, Merino-Inda N, Benitez-Del-Castillo JM. Tear and ocular surface disease biomarkers: A diagnostic and clinical perspective for ocular allergies and dry eye disease. Exp Eye Res 2022; 221:109121. [PMID: 35605673 DOI: 10.1016/j.exer.2022.109121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2022] [Revised: 04/30/2022] [Accepted: 05/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
Validated biomarkers to be used as biological tools for managing ocular surface diseases (OSDs) are still an unmet need in daily clinical practice. Many studies have contributed to the already extensive list of candidate biomarkers for these disorders. Dry eye (DE) and ocular allergy (OA) are complex and multifactorial diseases, often coexisting and with overlapping symptoms. The purpose of this review is to present a comprehensive updated revision of the most relevant biomarkers of DE and OA, with an emphasis on quantitative analyses and correlations with clinical parameter data. Analysis of biomarkers common for these pathologies has highlighted an important physiological process. Namely, the interleukin proteins (IL-1α, IL-1β and IL-17), tumour necrotic factor (TNFα) and interferon gamma (IFNγ; Th1-Th7 pathway) and IL-4, IL-5 and IL-13 (Th2 pathway) seem to represent similar inflammatory mechanisms. Moreover, changes in the levels of mucins (MUC1, MUC2, MUC4, MUC5 and MUC16) are common alterations in the tear film mucous layer. We also examine the current state of medical devices and the main limitations to their use in clinical practice. Translational research in biomarkers for clinical practice depends on a feasible transition from the laboratory to the point-of-care. This requires large-scale, coordinated clinical validation campaigns to select the biomarkers with the highest specificity and sensitivity and significant correlation with clinical parameters. Moreover, technical limitations of multiplexed quantitation systems must be overcome to detect and measure the levels of several biomarkers in very small samples. To ensure the future of biomarker research, significant progress is necessary in a number of fields. There is an urgent need for global unification of clinical classification and diagnostics criteria. Widespread integration of proteomic and transcriptomic data is paramount for performing meaningful analyses using appropriate bioinformatics tools and artificial intelligence systems.
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12
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Comparison of Trehalose/Hyaluronic Acid (HA) vs. 0.001% Hydrocortisone/HA Eyedrops on Signs and Inflammatory Markers in a Desiccating Model of Dry Eye Disease (DED). J Clin Med 2022; 11:jcm11061518. [PMID: 35329844 PMCID: PMC8948919 DOI: 10.3390/jcm11061518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2022] [Revised: 02/28/2022] [Accepted: 03/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Dry eye disease (DED) is a multifactorial disease where ocular surface inflammation and damage play key etiological roles. Purpose: To compare a combination of 3% trehalose (T) and 0.15% hyaluronic acid (HA) (Thealoz duo®, T/HA) with a tear substitute containing 0.001% hydrocortisone (I) and 0.2% HA (Idroflog®, I/HA), with respect to changes on signs and inflammatory markers in a mouse DED model. Methods: Thirty 12-week-old C57BL/6 mice were exposed in a controlled-environment chamber as a desiccating stress model of DED for 35 days. At day 14 (T1), administration of 5 µL T or I in the right eye (RE) or NaCl 0.9% in the left eye (LE) started, twice a day. Animals were sacrificed after 7 (T2), 14 (T3), 21 (T4, endpoint) days from the beginning of treatment. Corneal fluorescein staining ratio (Image J), histological and histochemical assessment of ocular surface tissues (goblet cell GC density and characterization —PAS, Alcian blue pH 2.5, pH 1.0, and MUC4 expression—in the superior and inferior conjunctiva), and levels of inflammatory markers HLA-DR, IL-1β and TNF-α in cornea and conjunctiva were measured. Results: No animal fully recovered from DED signs at the endpoint. Difference between arms was observed at T3 and T4, with T treated eyes showing a higher corneal damage reduction, PAS-positive GC recovery, lower inflammatory marker expression as compared to the I treated ones. Conclusions: Data suggest that 21 days of treatment with T/HA improved signs, GC recovery and inflammatory markers in a DED mouse model, to a greater extent as compared to I/HA. Data suggest that 21 days of treatment with T/HA improved signs, GC recovery and inflammatory markers in a DED mouse model, to a greater extent as compared to I/HA.
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13
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Toma G, Lemnian IM, Karapetian E, Grosse I, Seliger B. Transcriptional Analysis of Total CD8 + T Cells and CD8 +CD45RA - Memory T Cells From Young and Old Healthy Blood Donors. Front Immunol 2022; 13:806906. [PMID: 35154123 PMCID: PMC8829550 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.806906] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2021] [Accepted: 01/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Memory CD8+ T cells accumulate with aging, while the naïve T cell compartment decreases, leading to an increased susceptibility to infections and a decreased vaccine efficiency. To get deeper insights into the underlying mechanisms, this study aims to determine the age-dependent expression profile of total versus memory CD8+ T cells from young and old donors. Total CD8+ and CD8+CD45RA- memory T cells isolated from young (<30 years) and old (>60 years) donors were stimulated with anti-CD3 and anti-CD28 antibodies for 48h before analyzing the cytokine secretion and activation markers by flow cytometry and changes in the expression profiles using RNA sequencing. Gene ontology (GO) term enrichment analyses were performed for up-regulated and uniquely expressed transcripts identified in the T cell populations of both age groups. Total and memory CD8+ T cells from old donors expressed significantly higher CD25 levels and have an increased cytokine secretion. While approximately 1,500 up-regulated transcripts were identified in all groups, CD8+CD45RA- memory T cells of old donors had approximately 500 more uniquely expressed transcripts. Four GO terms related to the JAK-STAT pathway were identified for up-regulated transcripts in the total CD8+ T cells of old donors, whereas CD8+CD45RA- memory T cells GO terms related to adjacent pathways, like JNK and MAPK/ERK, were found. Additionally, the unique transcripts of CD8+CD45RA- memory T cells of old donors were related to the JNK, MAPK and IL-12 pathways. For both T cell populations of the old donors, cytokine and JAK-STAT pathway transcripts were up-regulated. Thus, an age-dependent effect was observed on the transcriptomes of total and memory CD8+ T cells. The CD8+ CD45RA- memory T cells from old donors maintained the increased cytokine secretion of the total CD8+ T cell population and the increased JAK-STAT pathway transcripts, which have an impact on inflammation and senescence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Georgiana Toma
- Institute for Medical Immunology, Martin-Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle, Germany
| | - Ioana Maria Lemnian
- Institute for Computer Science, Martin-Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle, Germany.,Institute for Human Genetics, Martin-Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle, Germany
| | - Eliza Karapetian
- Institute for Medical Immunology, Martin-Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle, Germany
| | - Ivo Grosse
- Institute for Computer Science, Martin-Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle, Germany.,German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Barbara Seliger
- Institute for Medical Immunology, Martin-Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle, Germany.,Department for Therapeutics, Fraunhofer Institute for Cell Therapy and Immunology, Leipzig, Germany
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14
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Proteomic Analysis of Tears and Conjunctival Cells Collected with Schirmer Strips Using timsTOF Pro: Preanalytical Considerations. Metabolites 2021; 12:metabo12010002. [PMID: 35050124 PMCID: PMC8778087 DOI: 10.3390/metabo12010002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2021] [Revised: 12/16/2021] [Accepted: 12/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to investigate the human proteome profile of samples collected from whole (W) Schirmer strips (ScS) and their two parts—the bulb (B) and the rest of the strip (R)—with a comprehensive proteomic approach using a trapped ion mobility mass spectrometer, the timsTOF Pro. Eight ScS were collected from two healthy subjects at four different visits to be separated into three batches, i.e., 4W, 4B, and 4R. In total, 1582 proteins were identified in the W, B, and R batches. Among all identified proteins, binding proteins (43.4%) and those with catalytic activity (42.2%) constituted more than 80% of the molecular functions. The most represented biological processes were cellular processes (31.2%), metabolic processes (20.8%), and biological regulation (13.1%). Enzymes were the most represented protein class (41%), consisting mainly of hydrolases (47.5%), oxidoreductases (22.1%), and transferases (16.7%). The bulb (B), which is in contact with the conjunctiva, might collect both tear and cell proteins and therefore promote the identification of more proteins. Processing B and R separately before mass spectrometry (MS) analysis, combined with the high data acquisition speed and the addition of ion-mobility-based separation in the timsTOF Pro, can bring a new dimension to biomarker investigations of a limited sample such as tear fluid.
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15
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Comparison of Two Experimental Mouse Dry Eye Models through Inflammatory Gene Set Enrichment Analysis Based on a Multiplexed Transcriptomic Approach. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms221910770. [PMID: 34639111 PMCID: PMC8509332 DOI: 10.3390/ijms221910770] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2021] [Revised: 09/26/2021] [Accepted: 09/30/2021] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
The goal of this study was to explore the specific signaling pathways related to inflammation in two experimental mouse dry eye (EDE) models. Female C57BL/6 mice housed for 10 days in a controlled desiccative environment were either treated with scopolamine (EDE-1; n = 18) or subjected to extraorbital lacrimal gland excision bilaterally (EDE-2; n = 10). Non-induced mice (n = 20) served as healthy controls. A corneal fluorescein staining (CFS) scoring was used at baseline through to day (D) 10 to evaluate epitheliopathy. At D10, corneas and conjunctivas were collected for multiplexed transcriptomic analysis with the NanoString® mouse inflammatory CodeSet. Both EDE-1 and EDE-2 mice presented a change in corneal integrity, with a significant increase in CFS scores at D10. More gene transcripts were identified in EDE-2 compared with EDE-1 (116 vs. 96, respectively), and only a few were common to both models, 13 for the cornea and 6 for the conjunctiva. The gene functional annotation analysis revealed that the same inflammatory pathways were involved in both models. Comparative profiling of gene expression in the two EDE models leads to the identification of various targets and signaling pathways, which can be extrapolated to and confirmed in human disease.
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16
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Barabino S, Montaldo E, Mingari MC, Mazzotta C, Giuffrida S, Rolando M. Is there a role for tapered topical dose steroidal treatment for dry eye disease? A randomized, pilot study. Eur J Ophthalmol 2021; 32:2452-2458. [PMID: 34585595 DOI: 10.1177/11206721211048730] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To evaluate the effect of tapered doses of loteprednol-etabonate in dry eye disease patients. MATERIALS AND METHODS Dry eye and treatment outcomes were assessed by Schirmer I test, tear BUT, lissamine green conjunctival staining, fluorescein corneal staining, and HLA-DR expression on conjunctival cells. Patients received either loteprednol-etabonate 0.5% twice daily for 14 days tapered to once daily for 14 days, and then twice weekly for 28 days (n = 10), or NaCl 0.9%. RESULTS A significant decrease of ocular surface inflammation and improvement of symptoms was recorded in the study group compared with controls at days 14 and 56. Change from baseline in HLA-DR expression in CD45+ conjunctival cells was significantly higher in treated patients at day 14. Intraocular pressure and best corrected visual acuity were preserved in all treated eyes. CONCLUSIONS Tapered doses of loteprednol etabonate 0.5% suspension controlled ocular surface inflammation, improving dry eye symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefano Barabino
- Ocular Surface and Dry Eye Center, ASST Fatebenefratelli-Sacco, L. Sacco Hospital, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
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17
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Master A, Kontzias A, Huang L, Huang W, Tsioulias A, Zarabi S, Wolek M, Wollocko BM, Honkanen R, Rigas B. The transcriptome of rabbit conjunctiva in dry eye disease: Large-scale changes and similarity to the human dry eye. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0254036. [PMID: 34324523 PMCID: PMC8321226 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0254036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2021] [Accepted: 06/17/2021] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
The pathophysiology of dry eye disease (DED) remains largely unknown, accounting in part for the lack of successful treatments. We explored the pathophysiology of DED using a rabbit model of chronic DED induced with 3 weekly injections of Concanavalin A into the periorbital lacrimal glands. The transcriptome of full-thickness's conjunctival tissue from rabbits with DED and from normal controls was determined using microarrays and, as needed, confirmatory real-time polymerase chain reactions. Results were subjected to bioinformatic analysis. DED induced large-scale changes in gene transcription involving 5,184 genes (22% of the total). Differentially expressed genes could be segregated into: functional modules and clusters; altered pathways; functionally linked genes; and groups of individual genes of known or suspected pathophysiological relevance to DED. A common feature of these subgroups is the breadth and magnitude of the changes that encompass ocular immunology and essentially all aspects of cell biology. Prominent changes concerned innate and adaptive immune responses; ocular surface inflammation; at least 25 significantly altered signaling pathways; a large number of chemokines; cell cycle; and apoptosis. Comparison of our findings to the limited extant transcriptomic data from DED patients associated with either Sjogren's syndrome or non-Sjogren's etiologies revealed a significant correlation between human and rabbit DED transcriptomes. Our data, establishing the large-scale transcriptomic changes of DED and their potential similarity to the human, underscore the enormous complexity of DED; establish a robust animal model of DED; will help expand our understanding of its pathophysiology; and could guide the development of successful therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam Master
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York, United States of America
| | - Apostolos Kontzias
- Department of Medicine, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York, United States of America
| | - Liqun Huang
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York, United States of America
- Medicon Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Setauket, New York, United States of America
| | - Wei Huang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York, United States of America
| | - Anna Tsioulias
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York, United States of America
| | - Samaneh Zarabi
- Department of Pathology, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York, United States of America
| | - Michael Wolek
- Renaissance Medical School, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York, United States of America
| | - Brian M. Wollocko
- Renaissance Medical School, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York, United States of America
| | - Robert Honkanen
- Department of Ophthalmology, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York, United States of America
| | - Basil Rigas
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York, United States of America
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18
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de Paiva CS, Trujillo-Vargas CM, Schaefer L, Yu Z, Britton RA, Pflugfelder SC. Differentially Expressed Gene Pathways in the Conjunctiva of Sjögren Syndrome Keratoconjunctivitis Sicca. Front Immunol 2021; 12:702755. [PMID: 34349764 PMCID: PMC8326832 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.702755] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2021] [Accepted: 07/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Sjögren syndrome (SS) is an autoimmune condition that targets the salivary and lacrimal glands, with cardinal clinical signs of dry eye (keratoconjunctivitis sicca, KCS) and dry mouth. The conjunctiva of SS patients is often infiltrated by immune cells that participate in the induction and maintenance of local inflammation. The purpose of this study was to investigate immune-related molecular pathways activated in the conjunctiva of SS patients. Female SS patients (n=7) and controls (n=19) completed a series of oral, ocular surface exams. Symptom severity scores were evaluated using validated questionnaires (OSDI and SANDE). All patients fulfilled the ACR/EULAR criteria for SS and the criteria for KCS. Fluorescein and lissamine green dye staining evaluated tear-break-up time (TBUT), corneal and conjunctival disease, respectively. Impression cytology of the temporal bulbar conjunctiva was performed to collect cells lysed and subjected to gene expression analysis using the NanoString Immunology Panel. 53/594 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were observed between SS and healthy controls; 49 DEGs were upregulated, and 4 were downregulated (TRAF5, TGFBI, KLRAP1, and CMKLRI). The top 10 DEGs in descending order were BST2, IFITM1, LAMP3, CXCL1, IL19, CFB, LY96, MX1, IL4R, CDKN1A. Twenty pathways had a global significance score greater or equal to 2. Spearman correlations showed that 29/49 upregulated DEGs correlated with either TBUT (inverse) or OSDI or conjunctival staining score (positive correlations). Venn diagrams identified that 26/29 DEGs correlated with TBUT, 5/26 DEGs correlated with OSDI, and 16/26 correlated with conjunctival staining scores. Five upregulated DEGs (CFB, CFI, IL1R1, IL2RG, IL4R) were uniquely negatively correlated with TBUT. These data indicate that the conjunctiva of SS patients exhibits a phenotype of immune activation, although some genes could be inhibitory. Some of the DEGs and pathways overlap with previous DEGs in salivary gland biopsies, but new DEGs were identified, and some of these correlated with symptoms and signs of dry eye. Our results indicate that gene analysis of conjunctiva imprints is a powerful tool to understand the pathogenesis of SS and develop new therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cintia S. de Paiva
- Department of Ophthalmology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Claudia M. Trujillo-Vargas
- Department of Ophthalmology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, United States
- Center for Metagenomics and Microbiome Research, Department of Molecular Virology and Microbiology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, United States
- Grupo de Inmunodeficiencias Primarias, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Antioquia UdeA, Medellín, Colombia
| | - Laura Schaefer
- Center for Metagenomics and Microbiome Research, Department of Molecular Virology and Microbiology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Zhiyuan Yu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Robert A. Britton
- Center for Metagenomics and Microbiome Research, Department of Molecular Virology and Microbiology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, United States
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Abstract
Dry eye disease (DED) is a chronic, multifactorial ocular surface disorder with multiple etiologies that results in tear film instability. Globally, the prevalence of DED is expected to increase with an aging society and daily use of digital devices. Unfortunately, the medical field is currently unprepared to meet the medical needs of patients with DED. Noninvasive, reliable, and readily reproducible biomarkers have not yet been identified, and the current mainstay treatment for DED relies on symptom alleviation using eye drops with no effective preventative therapies available. Medical big data analyses, mining information from multiomics studies and mobile health applications, may offer a solution for managing chronic conditions such as DED. Omics-based data on individual physiologic status may be leveraged to prevent high-risk diseases, accurately diagnose illness, and improve patient prognosis. Mobile health applications enable the portable collection of real-world medical data and biosignals through personal devices. Together, these data lay a robust foundation for personalized treatments for various ocular surface diseases and other pathologies that currently lack the components of precision medicine. To fully implement personalized and precision medicine, traditional aggregate medical data should not be applied directly to individuals without adjustments for personal etiology, phenotype, presentation, and symptoms.
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20
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Lipidomic analysis of epithelial corneal cells following hyperosmolarity and benzalkonium chloride exposure: New insights in dry eye disease. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Cell Biol Lipids 2020; 1865:158728. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbalip.2020.158728] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2019] [Revised: 03/20/2020] [Accepted: 04/22/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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21
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Latta L, Ludwig N, Krammes L, Stachon T, Fries FN, Mukwaya A, Szentmáry N, Seitz B, Wowra B, Kahraman M, Keller A, Meese E, Lagali N, Käsmann-Kellner B. Abnormal neovascular and proliferative conjunctival phenotype in limbal stem cell deficiency is associated with altered microRNA and gene expression modulated by PAX6 mutational status in congenital aniridia. Ocul Surf 2020; 19:115-127. [PMID: 32422284 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtos.2020.04.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2019] [Revised: 03/09/2020] [Accepted: 04/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To evaluate conjunctival cell microRNA (miRNAs) and mRNA expression in relation to observed phenotype of progressive limbal stem cell deficiency in a cohort of subjects with congenital aniridia with known genetic status. METHODS Using impression cytology, bulbar conjunctival cells were sampled from 20 subjects with congenital aniridia and 20 age and sex-matched healthy control subjects. RNA was extracted and miRNA and mRNA analyses were performed using microarrays. Results were related to severity of keratopathy and genetic cause of aniridia. RESULTS Of 2549 miRNAs, 21 were differentially expressed in aniridia relative to controls (fold change ≤ -1.5 or ≥ +1.5). Among these miR-204-5p, an inhibitor of corneal neovascularization, was downregulated 26.8-fold in severely vascularized corneas. At the mRNA level, 539 transcripts were differentially expressed (fold change ≤ -2 or ≥ +2), among these FOSB and FOS were upregulated 17.5 and 9.7-fold respectively, and JUN by 2.9-fold, all being components of the AP-1 transcription factor complex. Pathway analysis revealed enrichment of PI3K-Akt, MAPK, and Ras signaling pathways in aniridia. For several miRNAs and transcripts regulating retinoic acid metabolism, expression levels correlated with keratopathy severity and genetic status. CONCLUSION Strong dysregulation of key factors at the miRNA and mRNA level suggests that the conjunctiva in aniridia is abnormally maintained in a pro-angiogenic and proliferative state, and these changes are expressed in a PAX6 mutation-dependent manner. Additionally, retinoic acid metabolism is disrupted in severe, but not mild forms of the limbal stem cell deficiency in aniridia.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Latta
- Department of Ophthalmology, Saarland University Medical Center, Homburg, Saar, Germany.
| | - N Ludwig
- Department of Human Genetics, Saarland University, Homburg, Saar, Germany; Center for Human and Molecular Biology, Saarland University, Homburg, Saar, Germany
| | - L Krammes
- Department of Human Genetics, Saarland University, Homburg, Saar, Germany
| | - T Stachon
- Department of Ophthalmology, Saarland University Medical Center, Homburg, Saar, Germany
| | - F N Fries
- Department of Ophthalmology, Saarland University Medical Center, Homburg, Saar, Germany
| | - A Mukwaya
- Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
| | - N Szentmáry
- Department of Ophthalmology, Saarland University Medical Center, Homburg, Saar, Germany; Department of Ophthalmology, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - B Seitz
- Department of Ophthalmology, Saarland University Medical Center, Homburg, Saar, Germany
| | - B Wowra
- Chair and Clinical Department of Ophthalmology, School of Medicine with the Division of Dentistry in Zabrze, Medical University of Silesia in Katowice, Poland
| | - M Kahraman
- Chair for Clinical Bioinformatics, Saarland University, Saarbruecken, Germany
| | - A Keller
- Chair for Clinical Bioinformatics, Saarland University, Saarbruecken, Germany
| | - E Meese
- Department of Human Genetics, Saarland University, Homburg, Saar, Germany
| | - N Lagali
- Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden; Department of Ophthalmology, Sørlandet Hospital Arendal, Arendal, Norway.
| | - B Käsmann-Kellner
- Department of Ophthalmology, Saarland University Medical Center, Homburg, Saar, Germany
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22
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Cao H, Li D, Lu H, Sun J, Li H. Uncovering potential lncRNAs and nearby mRNAs in systemic lupus erythematosus from the Gene Expression Omnibus dataset. Epigenomics 2019; 11:1795-1809. [PMID: 31755746 DOI: 10.2217/epi-2019-0145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Aim: The aim of this study was to find potential differentially expressed long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) and mRNAs in systemic lupus erythematosus. Materials & methods: Differentially expressed lncRNAs and mRNAs were obtained in the Gene Expression Omnibus dataset. Functional annotation of differentially expressed mRNAs was performed, followed by protein-protein interaction network analysis. Then, the interaction network of lncRNA-nearby targeted mRNA was built. Results: Several interaction pairs of lncRNA-nearby targeted mRNA including NRIR-RSAD2, RP11-153M7.5-TLR2, RP4-758J18.2-CCNL2, RP11-69E11.4-PABPC4 and RP11-496I9.1-IRF7/HRAS/PHRF1 were identified. Measles and MAPK were significantly enriched signaling pathways of differentially expressed mRNAs. Conclusion: Our study identified several differentially expressed lncRNAs and mRNAs. And their interactions may play a crucial role in the process of systemic lupus erythematosus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haiyu Cao
- Department of Dermatology, The First Hospital of Shijiazhuang, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050000, PR China
| | - Dong Li
- Department of Dermatology & Sexology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science & Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, PR China
| | - Huixiu Lu
- Department of Dermatology, The First Hospital of Shijiazhuang, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050000, PR China
| | - Jing Sun
- Department of Dermatology, The First Hospital of Shijiazhuang, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050000, PR China
| | - Haibin Li
- Department of Medicine, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050000, PR China
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23
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Park B, Jo K, Lee TG, Hyun SW, Kim JS, Kim CS. Polydatin Inhibits NLRP3 Inflammasome in Dry Eye Disease by Attenuating Oxidative Stress and Inhibiting the NF-κB Pathway. Nutrients 2019; 11:E2792. [PMID: 31731792 PMCID: PMC6893769 DOI: 10.3390/nu11112792] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2019] [Revised: 11/01/2019] [Accepted: 11/13/2019] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Polydatin (also named pieceid, (E)-piceid, (E)-polydatin, trans-polydatin, or 3,5,4'-trihydroxystilbene-3-b-D-glucoside) is a monocrystalline compound isolated from the root and rhizome of Polygonum cuspidatum Sieb. et Zucc. (Polygonaceae). A previous study showed that polydatin has antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects. However, the effect of polydatin in dry eye disease (DED) has not been elucidated. DED rat models were induced by exorbital lacrimal gland-excision. In vivo, the present study showed that the excision of lacrimal glands induced changes such as reduced tear fluid, severe corneal irregularity, damage, tear film break, and goblet cell loss as well as increased inflammation cytokine and NLRP3 expression in conjunctival tissue. However, these changes were restored by polydatin eye dropping. In vitro, polydatin inhibited hyperosmolar stress-induced inflammation through attenuation of the translocation of NF-κB to the nucleus and the mRNA expression of TNF-α, IL-6, IL-1β, and MMP9. In addition, the hyperosmolar stress-induced NLRP3 inflammasome pathway and ROS production were inhibited by polydatin. Our findings provided insight into the effect of polydatin as a candidate reagent for the treatment of DED.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bongkyun Park
- Clinical Medicine Division, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine, Daejeon 34054, Korea; (B.P.); (T.G.L.)
| | - Kyuhyung Jo
- Herbal Medicine Research Division, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine, Daejeon 34054, Korea; (K.J.); (S.-W.H.); (J.S.K.)
| | - Tae Gu Lee
- Clinical Medicine Division, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine, Daejeon 34054, Korea; (B.P.); (T.G.L.)
| | - Soo-Wang Hyun
- Herbal Medicine Research Division, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine, Daejeon 34054, Korea; (K.J.); (S.-W.H.); (J.S.K.)
- Medicinal Evaluation Team, Gyeonggi Bio-Center, Gyeonggido Business & Science Accelerator (GBSA), Suwon 16229, Gyeonggi-do, Korea
| | - Jin Sook Kim
- Herbal Medicine Research Division, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine, Daejeon 34054, Korea; (K.J.); (S.-W.H.); (J.S.K.)
| | - Chan-Sik Kim
- Clinical Medicine Division, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine, Daejeon 34054, Korea; (B.P.); (T.G.L.)
- Korean Convergence Medicine, University of Science Technology (UST), Daejeon 34113, Korea
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24
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Matern BM, Olieslagers TI, Voorter CEM, Groeneweg M, Tilanus MGJ. Insights into the polymorphism in HLA-DRA and its evolutionary relationship with HLA haplotypes. HLA 2019; 95:117-127. [PMID: 31617688 DOI: 10.1111/tan.13730] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2019] [Revised: 10/07/2019] [Accepted: 10/12/2019] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
HLA-DRA encodes the alpha chain of the HLA-DR protein, one of the classical HLA class II molecules. Reported polymorphism within HLA-DRA is currently limited compared with other HLA genes, as only a single polymorphism encodes an amino acid difference in the translated protein. Since this SNP (rs7192, HLA00662.1:g.4276G>T p.Val217Leu) lies within exon 4, in the region encoding the cytoplasmic tail, the resulting protein is effectively monomorphic. For this reason, in-depth studies on HLA-DRA and its function have been limited. However, analysis of sequences from the 1000 Genomes Project and preliminary data from our lab reveals unrepresented polymorphism within HLA-DRA, suggesting a more complex role within the MHC than previously assumed. This study focuses on elucidating the extent of HLA-DRA polymorphism, and extending our understanding of the gene's role in HLA-DR~HLA-DQ haplotypes. Ninety-eight samples were sequenced for full-length HLA-DRA, and from this analysis, we identified 20 novel SNP positions in the intronic sequences within the 5711 bp region represented in IPD-IMGT/HLA. This polymorphism gives rise to at least 22 novel HLA-DRA alleles, and the patterns of intronic and 3' UTR polymorphism correspond to HLA-DRA~HLA-DRB345~HLA-DRB1~HLA-DQB1 haplotypes. The current understanding of the organization of the genes within the HLA-DR region assumes a single lineage for the HLA-DRA gene, as opposed to multiple gene lineages, such as in HLA-DRB. This study suggests that the intron and 3' UTR polymorphism of HLA-DRA indicates different lineages, and represents the HLA-DRA~HLA-DRB345~HLA-DRB1~HLA-DQB1 haplotypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ben M Matern
- Transplantation Immunology, Tissue Typing Laboratory, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Timo I Olieslagers
- Transplantation Immunology, Tissue Typing Laboratory, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Christina E M Voorter
- Transplantation Immunology, Tissue Typing Laboratory, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Mathijs Groeneweg
- Transplantation Immunology, Tissue Typing Laboratory, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Marcel G J Tilanus
- Transplantation Immunology, Tissue Typing Laboratory, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, the Netherlands
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25
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Thia ZZ, Tong L. Update on the role of impression cytology in ocular surface disease. Taiwan J Ophthalmol 2019; 9:141-149. [PMID: 31572650 PMCID: PMC6759557 DOI: 10.4103/tjo.tjo_57_19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2019] [Accepted: 07/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Understanding of the molecular pathology of ocular surface disease (OSD) is poor, and treatment is highly unsatisfactory. To facilitate treatment of OSD, a relatively noninvasive procedure, i.e. impression cytology (IC) has been shown to be useful. Recently, the technologies employed in research studies using IC in OSD have vastly improved, and standardized IC has even been used in clinical trials of dry eye. Here, this review aims to describe the advances of IC in the last 10 years, which serves as an update on the progress in this field since the last major review of IC. OSD that has been recently evaluated include meibomian gland dysfunction, Sjogren's syndrome, Steven–Johnson syndrome, and postmenopausal dry eye. The recent studies (4 longitudinal, 18 cross-sectional analyses) which utilized IC analyzed DNA, RNA, proteins, and ocular surface cells, including memory T-lymphocytes, dendritic cells (DCs), neutrophils, conjunctival epithelial cells, and goblet cells. These studies employed quantification of transcripts associated with inflammation, proteins involved in oxidative stress, enzymes such as matrix metalloproteinases, and cell surface proteins by flow cytometry, such as HLA-DR, cytokine and chemokine receptors, markers for T cell differentiation, and DC activation, in addition to the more traditional morphological evaluation of squamous metaplasia and staining for goblet cells. Some challenges in the clinical use of IC have also been described, including issues related to storage and normalization of data. In summary, advances in IC have permitted a more robust evaluation of the ocular surface and will facilitate progress in the understanding and treatment of OSD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhang-Zhe Thia
- Department of Ophthalmology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Louis Tong
- Department of Ophthalmology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore.,Corneal and External Eye Disease Service, Singapore National Eye Center, Singapore.,Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore.,Eye-academic Clinical Program, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore
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