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Radiosensitivity in Non-Small-Cell Lung Cancer by MMP10 through the DNA Damage Repair Pathway. JOURNAL OF ONCOLOGY 2023; 2023:5636852. [PMID: 36908704 PMCID: PMC10005878 DOI: 10.1155/2023/5636852] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2022] [Revised: 02/14/2023] [Accepted: 02/23/2023] [Indexed: 03/06/2023]
Abstract
NSCLC (non-small-cell lung cancer) is an aggressive form of lung cancer and accompanies high morbidity and mortality. This study investigated the function and associated mechanism of MMP10 during radiotherapy of NSCLC. MMP10 expression in patients and their overall survival rate were assessed through GEPIA. Protein expression was tested by western blotting. Radioresistance was detected in vitro by apoptosis and clonogenic assay. The extent of DNA damage and repair was revealed by the comet test and γH2AX foci test. High MMP10 levels in specimens of lung adenocarcinoma were related to poor patient outcomes. Clonogenic and apoptosis assays revealed that MMP10 knockdown in A549 cells initiated radiosensitization. Furthermore, MMP10 siRNA increased damage to the DNA in NSCLC cells, while MMP10 was observed to participate in DNA damage repair post-ionizing radiation. Thus, after irradiation, MMP10 plays an essential role in NSCLC through the repair pathway of DNA damage; regulating MMP10 for NSCLC radiosensitivity might have potential treatment implications in radiotherapy of NSCLC.
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Jiang J, Li J, Zhang Y, Zhou C, Guo C, Zhou Z, Ming Y. The Protective Effect of the Soluble Egg Antigen of Schistosoma japonicum in A Mouse Skin Transplantation Model. Front Immunol 2022; 13:884006. [PMID: 35911717 PMCID: PMC9332893 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.884006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2022] [Accepted: 06/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Organ transplantation is currently an effective method for treating organ failure. Long-term use of immunosuppressive drugs has huge side effects, which severely restricts the long-term survival of patients. Schistosoma can affect the host’s immune system by synthesizing, secreting, or excreting a variety of immunomodulatory molecules, but its role in transplantation was not well defined. In order to explore whether Schistosoma-related products can suppress rejection and induce long-term survival of the transplant, we used soluble egg antigen (SEA) of Schistosoma japonicum in mouse skin transplantation models. Materials and methods Each mouse was intraperitoneally injected with 100 μg of SEA three times a week for four consecutive weeks before allogenic skin transplant. Skin transplants were performed on day 0 to observe graft survival. Pathological examination of skin grafts was conducted 7 days post transplantation. The skin grafts were subjected to mRNA sequencing. Bioinformatics analysis was conducted and the expression of hub genes was verified by qPCR. Flow cytometry analysis was performed to evaluate the immune status and validate the results from bioinformatic analysis. Results The mean survival time (MST) of mouse skin grafts in the SEA-treated group was 11.67 ± 0.69 days, while that of the control group was 8.00 ± 0.36 days. Pathological analysis showed that Sj SEA treatment led to reduced inflammatory infiltration within skin grafts 7 days after allogenic skin transplantation. Bioinformatics analysis identified 86 DEGs between the Sj SEA treatment group and the control group, including 39 upregulated genes and 47 downregulated genes. Further analysis revealed that Sj SEA mediated regulation on cellular response to interferon-γ, activation of IL-17 signaling and chemokine signaling pathways, as well as cytokine–cytokine receptor interaction. Flow cytometry analysis showed that SEA treatment led to higher percentages of CD4+IL-4+ T cells and CD4+Foxp3+ T cells and decreased CD4+IFN-γ+ T cells in skin transplantation. Conclusion Sj SEA treatment suppressed rejection and prolonged skin graft survival by regulating immune responses. Sj SEA treatment might be a potential new therapeutic strategy to facilitate anti-rejection therapy and even to induce tolerance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Jiang
- Center for Organ Transplantation, Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- Research Center of National Health Ministry on Transplantation Medicine Engineering and Technology, Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Junhui Li
- Center for Organ Transplantation, Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- Research Center of National Health Ministry on Transplantation Medicine Engineering and Technology, Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Yu Zhang
- Center for Organ Transplantation, Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- Research Center of National Health Ministry on Transplantation Medicine Engineering and Technology, Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Chen Zhou
- Center for Organ Transplantation, Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- Research Center of National Health Ministry on Transplantation Medicine Engineering and Technology, Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Chen Guo
- Center for Organ Transplantation, Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- Research Center of National Health Ministry on Transplantation Medicine Engineering and Technology, Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Zhaoqin Zhou
- Center for Organ Transplantation, Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- Research Center of National Health Ministry on Transplantation Medicine Engineering and Technology, Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Yingzi Ming
- Center for Organ Transplantation, Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- Research Center of National Health Ministry on Transplantation Medicine Engineering and Technology, Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- *Correspondence: Yingzi Ming,
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González-Zamora J, Hernandez M, Recalde S, Bezunartea J, Montoliu A, Bilbao-Malavé V, Orbe J, Rodríguez JA, Llorente-González S, Fernández-Robredo P, García-Layana A. Matrix Metalloproteinase 10 Contributes to Choroidal Neovascularisation. Biomedicines 2022; 10:biomedicines10071557. [PMID: 35884862 PMCID: PMC9313238 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10071557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2022] [Revised: 06/20/2022] [Accepted: 06/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is currently the main cause of severe visual loss among older adults in developed countries. The pathophysiology has not been clarified, but oxidative stress is believed to play a major role. Matrix metalloproteinases (MMP) may play a prominent role in several steps of the pathophysiology of AMD, especially in its neovascular form; therefore, there is of great interest in understanding their role in choroidal neovascularisation. This study aimed to elucidate the role of MMP10 in the development of choroidal neovascularisation (CNV). We have demonstrated that MMP10 was expressed by retinal pigment epithelium cells and endothelial cells of the neovascular membrane, in cell culture, mouse and human retina. MMP10 expression and activity increased under oxidative stress conditions in ARPE-19 cells. MMP10-/- mice developed smaller laser-induced areas of CNV. Furthermore, to exclude a systemic MMP10 imbalance in these patients, plasma MMP10 concentrations were assessed in an age- and sex-matched sample of 52 control patients and 52 patients with neovascular AMD and no significant differences were found between the groups, demonstrating that MMP10 induction is a local phenomenon. Our findings suggest that MMP10 participates in the development of choroidal neovascularisation and promotes MMP10 as a possible new therapeutic target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jorge González-Zamora
- Retinal Pathologies and New Therapies Group, Experimental Ophthalmology Laboratory, Department of Ophthalmology, Clinica Universidad de Navarra, 31008 Pamplona, Spain; (J.G.-Z.); (S.R.); (J.B.); (A.M.); (V.B.-M.); (S.L.-G.); (A.G.-L.)
| | - María Hernandez
- Retinal Pathologies and New Therapies Group, Experimental Ophthalmology Laboratory, Department of Ophthalmology, Clinica Universidad de Navarra, 31008 Pamplona, Spain; (J.G.-Z.); (S.R.); (J.B.); (A.M.); (V.B.-M.); (S.L.-G.); (A.G.-L.)
- Navarra Institute for Health Research, IdiSNA, 31008 Pamplona, Spain; (J.O.); (J.A.R.)
- Correspondence: (M.H.); (P.F.-R.)
| | - Sergio Recalde
- Retinal Pathologies and New Therapies Group, Experimental Ophthalmology Laboratory, Department of Ophthalmology, Clinica Universidad de Navarra, 31008 Pamplona, Spain; (J.G.-Z.); (S.R.); (J.B.); (A.M.); (V.B.-M.); (S.L.-G.); (A.G.-L.)
- Navarra Institute for Health Research, IdiSNA, 31008 Pamplona, Spain; (J.O.); (J.A.R.)
| | - Jaione Bezunartea
- Retinal Pathologies and New Therapies Group, Experimental Ophthalmology Laboratory, Department of Ophthalmology, Clinica Universidad de Navarra, 31008 Pamplona, Spain; (J.G.-Z.); (S.R.); (J.B.); (A.M.); (V.B.-M.); (S.L.-G.); (A.G.-L.)
- Navarra Institute for Health Research, IdiSNA, 31008 Pamplona, Spain; (J.O.); (J.A.R.)
| | - Ana Montoliu
- Retinal Pathologies and New Therapies Group, Experimental Ophthalmology Laboratory, Department of Ophthalmology, Clinica Universidad de Navarra, 31008 Pamplona, Spain; (J.G.-Z.); (S.R.); (J.B.); (A.M.); (V.B.-M.); (S.L.-G.); (A.G.-L.)
| | - Valentina Bilbao-Malavé
- Retinal Pathologies and New Therapies Group, Experimental Ophthalmology Laboratory, Department of Ophthalmology, Clinica Universidad de Navarra, 31008 Pamplona, Spain; (J.G.-Z.); (S.R.); (J.B.); (A.M.); (V.B.-M.); (S.L.-G.); (A.G.-L.)
| | - Josune Orbe
- Navarra Institute for Health Research, IdiSNA, 31008 Pamplona, Spain; (J.O.); (J.A.R.)
- Laboratory of Atherothrombosis, Program of Cardiovascular Diseases, CIMA-Universidad de Navarra, CIBERCV, 31008 Pamplona, Spain
| | - José A. Rodríguez
- Navarra Institute for Health Research, IdiSNA, 31008 Pamplona, Spain; (J.O.); (J.A.R.)
- Laboratory of Atherothrombosis, Program of Cardiovascular Diseases, CIMA-Universidad de Navarra, CIBERCV, 31008 Pamplona, Spain
| | - Sara Llorente-González
- Retinal Pathologies and New Therapies Group, Experimental Ophthalmology Laboratory, Department of Ophthalmology, Clinica Universidad de Navarra, 31008 Pamplona, Spain; (J.G.-Z.); (S.R.); (J.B.); (A.M.); (V.B.-M.); (S.L.-G.); (A.G.-L.)
- Navarra Institute for Health Research, IdiSNA, 31008 Pamplona, Spain; (J.O.); (J.A.R.)
| | - Patricia Fernández-Robredo
- Retinal Pathologies and New Therapies Group, Experimental Ophthalmology Laboratory, Department of Ophthalmology, Clinica Universidad de Navarra, 31008 Pamplona, Spain; (J.G.-Z.); (S.R.); (J.B.); (A.M.); (V.B.-M.); (S.L.-G.); (A.G.-L.)
- Navarra Institute for Health Research, IdiSNA, 31008 Pamplona, Spain; (J.O.); (J.A.R.)
- Correspondence: (M.H.); (P.F.-R.)
| | - Alfredo García-Layana
- Retinal Pathologies and New Therapies Group, Experimental Ophthalmology Laboratory, Department of Ophthalmology, Clinica Universidad de Navarra, 31008 Pamplona, Spain; (J.G.-Z.); (S.R.); (J.B.); (A.M.); (V.B.-M.); (S.L.-G.); (A.G.-L.)
- Navarra Institute for Health Research, IdiSNA, 31008 Pamplona, Spain; (J.O.); (J.A.R.)
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Di Zazzo A, De Piano M, Coassin M, Mori T, Balzamino BO, Micera A. Ocular surface toll like receptors in ageing. BMC Ophthalmol 2022; 22:185. [PMID: 35459112 PMCID: PMC9027701 DOI: 10.1186/s12886-022-02398-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2021] [Accepted: 04/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Background To evaluate changes in Toll Like Receptors (TLRs) expression at the ocular surface of healthy volunteers within different age groups. Methods Fifty-one healthy volunteers were enrolled in a pilot observational study. Clinical function tests (OSDI questionnaire, Schirmer test type I and Break Up time) were assessed in all subjects. Temporal Conjunctival imprints were performed for molecular and immunohistochemical analysis to measure TLRs expression (TLR2, 4, 3, 5, 7, 8, 9 and MyD88). Results Immunofluorescence data showed an increased TLR2 and decreased TLR7 and TLR8 immunoreactivity in old conjunctival imprints. Up-regulation of TLR2 and down-regulation of TLR7, TLR8 and MyD88 transcripts expression corroborated the data. A direct correlation was showed between increasing ICAM-1 and increasing TLR2 changes with age. Within the age OSDI score increases, T-BUT values decrease, and goblet cells showed a decreasing trend. Conclusion Changes in TLRs expression are associated with ageing, suggesting physiological role of TLRs in modulating ocular surface immunity. TLRs age related changes may participate to the changes of ocular surface homeostatic mechanisms which lead to inflammAging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonio Di Zazzo
- Ophthalmology Operative Complex Unit, University Campus Bio-Medico, Rome, Italy
| | - Maria De Piano
- Research and Development Laboratory for Biochemical, Molecular and Cellular Applications in Ophthalmological Sciences, IRCCS-Fondazione Bietti, Rome, Italy
| | - Marco Coassin
- Ophthalmology Operative Complex Unit, University Campus Bio-Medico, Rome, Italy
| | - Tommaso Mori
- Ophthalmology Operative Complex Unit, University Campus Bio-Medico, Rome, Italy
| | - Bijorn Omar Balzamino
- Research and Development Laboratory for Biochemical, Molecular and Cellular Applications in Ophthalmological Sciences, IRCCS-Fondazione Bietti, Rome, Italy
| | - Alessandra Micera
- Research and Development Laboratory for Biochemical, Molecular and Cellular Applications in Ophthalmological Sciences, IRCCS-Fondazione Bietti, Rome, Italy.
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5
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Wang Y, Kong Y, Wu MX. Innovative Systems to Deliver Allergen Powder for Epicutaneous Immunotherapy. Front Immunol 2021; 12:647954. [PMID: 33841430 PMCID: PMC8033039 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.647954] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2020] [Accepted: 03/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Allergy is a disorder owing to hyperimmune responses to a particular kind of substance like food and the disease remains a serious healthcare burden worldwide. This unpleasant and sometimes fatal allergic disease has been tackled vigorously by allergen-specific immunotherapy over a century, but the progress made so far is far from satisfactory for some allergies. Herein, we introduce innovative, allergen powder-based epicutaneous immunotherapies (EPIT), which could potentially serve to generate a new stream of technological possibilities that embrace the features of super safety and efficacious immunotherapy by manipulating the plasticity of the skin immune system via sufficient delivery of not only allergens but also tolerogenic adjuvants. We attempt to lay a framework to help understand immune physiology of the skin, epicutaneous delivery of powdered allergy, and potentials for tolerogenic adjuvants. Preclinical and clinical data are reviewed showing that deposition of allergen powder into an array of micropores in the epidermis can confer significant advantages over intradermal or subcutaneous injection of aqueous allergens or other epicutaneous delivery systems to induce immunological responses toward tolerance at little risk of anaphylaxis. Finally, the safety, cost-effectiveness, and acceptability of these novel EPITs are discussed, which offers the perspective of future immunotherapies with all desirable features.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yensheng Wang
- Wellman Center for Photomedicine, Department of Dermatology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Yifei Kong
- Wellman Center for Photomedicine, Department of Dermatology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Mei X Wu
- Wellman Center for Photomedicine, Department of Dermatology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
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6
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Dangi A, Natesh NR, Husain I, Ji Z, Barisoni L, Kwun J, Shen X, Thorp EB, Luo X. Single cell transcriptomics of mouse kidney transplants reveals a myeloid cell pathway for transplant rejection. JCI Insight 2020; 5:141321. [PMID: 32970632 PMCID: PMC7605544 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.141321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2020] [Accepted: 09/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Myeloid cells are increasingly recognized as major players in transplant rejection. Here, we used a murine kidney transplantation model and single cell transcriptomics to dissect the contribution of myeloid cell subsets and their potential signaling pathways to kidney transplant rejection. Using a variety of bioinformatic techniques, including machine learning, we demonstrate that kidney allograft–infiltrating myeloid cells followed a trajectory of differentiation from monocytes to proinflammatory macrophages, and they exhibited distinct interactions with kidney allograft parenchymal cells. While this process correlated with a unique pattern of myeloid cell transcripts, a top gene identified was Axl, a member of the receptor tyrosine kinase family Tyro3/Axl/Mertk (TAM). Using kidney transplant recipients with Axl gene deficiency, we further demonstrate that Axl augmented intragraft differentiation of proinflammatory macrophages, likely via its effect on the transcription factor Cebpb. This, in turn, promoted intragraft recruitment, differentiation, and proliferation of donor-specific T cells, and it enhanced early allograft inflammation evidenced by histology. We conclude that myeloid cell Axl expression identified by single cell transcriptomics of kidney allografts in our study plays a major role in promoting intragraft myeloid cell and T cell differentiation, and it presents a potentially novel therapeutic target for controlling kidney allograft rejection and improving kidney allograft survival. In a murine model of allogeneic kidney transplantation, single-cell transcriptomics identifies that myeloid cell Axl expression promotes allograft rejection by inducing inflammatory macrophage differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anil Dangi
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Naveen R Natesh
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Duke University Pratt School of Engineering, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Irma Husain
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Zhicheng Ji
- Department of Biostatistics & Bioinformatics
| | | | - Jean Kwun
- Department of Surgery, and.,Duke Transplant Center, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Xiling Shen
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Duke University Pratt School of Engineering, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Edward B Thorp
- Department of Pathology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Xunrong Luo
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina, USA.,Duke Transplant Center, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina, USA
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7
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Carstensen LS, Lie-Andersen O, Obers A, Crowther MD, Svane IM, Hansen M. Long-Term Exposure to Inflammation Induces Differential Cytokine Patterns and Apoptosis in Dendritic Cells. Front Immunol 2019; 10:2702. [PMID: 31824496 PMCID: PMC6882286 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.02702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2019] [Accepted: 11/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The activation of dendritic cells (DCs) has profound implications and governs the control of adaptive immunity. However, long-term activation might drive exhaustion of immune cells and negatively affect functionality. Here, long-term vs. short-term exposure to bacterial lipopolysaccharide and interferon (IFN)γ was evaluated on human monocyte-derived DCs. Long-term activated DC1s began to undergo apoptosis concomitant with a profound TAM-receptor and efferocytosis-dependent induction of interleukin (IL)-10. Whereas, levels of IL-12p70 and IL-10 were positively correlated upon short-term activation, an inverse association occured upon long-term activation and, while short-term activated CD1a+ DCs were main producers of IL-12p70, CD1a− DCs were the main fraction that underwent apoptosis and released IL-10 upon long-term activation. Moreover, pre-apoptotic long-term activated DCs were no longer able to activate alloreactive IFNγ-responsive T cells present in peripheral blood mononuclear cells from healthy volunteers. The IFNγ response was mediated by IL-12p70, as a strong reduction in IFNγ was observed following blockade with an IL-12p70 neutralizing antibody. Finally, multiplex analysis of DC supernatants revealed a particular pattern of proteins associated with apoptosis, cancer and chronic inflammation partly overlapping with gold standard DCs well-known for their inability to secrete IL-12p70. In conclusion, long-term activated DC1s significantly changed their profile toward a non-functional, tumor-promoting and anti-inflammatory phenotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Stentoft Carstensen
- National Center for Cancer Immune Therapy (CCIT-DK), Department of Oncology, Copenhagen University Hospital Herlev, Herlev, Denmark
| | - Olivia Lie-Andersen
- National Center for Cancer Immune Therapy (CCIT-DK), Department of Oncology, Copenhagen University Hospital Herlev, Herlev, Denmark.,Department of Bioengineering, Technical University of Denmark, Lyngby, Denmark.,Immunitrack ApS, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Andreas Obers
- National Center for Cancer Immune Therapy (CCIT-DK), Department of Oncology, Copenhagen University Hospital Herlev, Herlev, Denmark
| | - Michael Douglas Crowther
- National Center for Cancer Immune Therapy (CCIT-DK), Department of Oncology, Copenhagen University Hospital Herlev, Herlev, Denmark
| | - Inge Marie Svane
- National Center for Cancer Immune Therapy (CCIT-DK), Department of Oncology, Copenhagen University Hospital Herlev, Herlev, Denmark
| | - Morten Hansen
- National Center for Cancer Immune Therapy (CCIT-DK), Department of Oncology, Copenhagen University Hospital Herlev, Herlev, Denmark
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Chuang HM, Chen YS, Harn HJ. The Versatile Role of Matrix Metalloproteinase for the Diverse Results of Fibrosis Treatment. Molecules 2019; 24:molecules24224188. [PMID: 31752262 PMCID: PMC6891433 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24224188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2019] [Revised: 11/14/2019] [Accepted: 11/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Fibrosis is a type of chronic organ failure, resulting in the excessive secretion of extracellular matrix (ECM). ECM protects wound tissue from infection and additional injury, and is gradually degraded during wound healing. For some unknown reasons, myofibroblasts (the cells that secrete ECM) do not undergo apoptosis; this is associated with the continuous secretion of ECM and reduced ECM degradation even during de novo tissue formation. Thus, matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) are considered to be a potential target of fibrosis treatment because they are the main groups of ECM-degrading enzymes. However, MMPs participate not only in ECM degradation but also in the development of various biological processes that show the potential to treat diseases such as stroke, cardiovascular diseases, and arthritis. Therefore, treatment involving the targeting of MMPs might impede typical functions. Here, we evaluated the links between these MMP functions and possible detrimental effects of fibrosis treatment, and also considered possible approaches for further applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong-Meng Chuang
- Buddhist Tzu Chi Bioinnovation Center, Tzu Chi Foundation, Hualien 970, Taiwan; (H.-M.C.); (Y.-S.C.)
- Department of Medical Research, Hualien Tzu Chi Hospital, Hualien 970, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Shuan Chen
- Buddhist Tzu Chi Bioinnovation Center, Tzu Chi Foundation, Hualien 970, Taiwan; (H.-M.C.); (Y.-S.C.)
- Department of Medical Research, Hualien Tzu Chi Hospital, Hualien 970, Taiwan
| | - Horng-Jyh Harn
- Buddhist Tzu Chi Bioinnovation Center, Tzu Chi Foundation, Hualien 970, Taiwan; (H.-M.C.); (Y.-S.C.)
- Department of Pathology, Hualien Tzu Chi Hospital & Tzu Chi University, Hualien 970, Taiwan
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +03-8561825 (ext. 15615)
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