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Shu J, Ge Y, Wu Y. Causal role of immune cells in IgA nephropathy: a mendelian randomization study. Ren Fail 2024; 46:2381593. [PMID: 39039855 PMCID: PMC11268262 DOI: 10.1080/0886022x.2024.2381593] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2024] [Accepted: 07/13/2024] [Indexed: 07/24/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Previous observational studies have shown that immune cells play an important role in IgA nephropathy. However, the specific causal relationship between the two is inconsistent. METHODS We used a two-sample mendelian randomization(MR) analysis to investigate the causal association between 731 immune cell signatures and IgA nephropathy in this study. Based on published GWAS data, immune cells were characterized by four immune types absolute cell (AC) counts, median fluorescence intensity (MFI), morphological parameters (MP), relative cell (RC) counts. Meanwhile, heterogeneity test, horizontal pleiotropy and sensitivity test were used to evaluate the robustness and reliability of the results. RESULTS An important causal association was achieved for 14 RC traits/IgA nephropathy, 3 AC traits/IgA nephropathy, 10 MFI traits/IgA nephropathy, and 1 MP trait/IgA nephropathy. However, after false discovery rate (FDR) correction, only one immunophenotype was found to be protective against IgA nephropathy. The OR of herpesvirus entry mediator (HVEM) on terminally differentiated CD4+ T cell (maturation stages of T-cell panel) on IgA nephropathy risk was estimated to be 0.727 (95%CI: 0.624-0.847, p = 4.20e - 05, PFDR = 0.023) according to inverse variance weighting (IVW) method, and the weighted-median method yielded similar results (OR = 0.743, 95% CI: 0.596-0.927, p = 0.008). Although not statistically significant, the association was consistent with MR-Egger, simple mode and weighted mode. CONCLUSIONS Our study further confirmed that immune cells play a complex and important role in the pathogenesis of IgA nephropathy, providing evidence for clinical research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinlian Shu
- Department of Nephropathy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China
- Department of Nephrology, The Second People’s Hospital of Hefei, Hefei Hospital Affiliated to Anhui Medical Univerisity, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Yating Ge
- Department of Nephropathy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China
- Department of Nephrology, The Second People’s Hospital of Hefei, Hefei Hospital Affiliated to Anhui Medical Univerisity, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Yonggui Wu
- Department of Nephropathy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China
- Center for Scientific Research of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China
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2
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Hawiger D. Emerging T cell immunoregulatory mechanisms in multiple sclerosis and Alzheimer's disease. Front Aging Neurosci 2024; 16:1350240. [PMID: 38435400 PMCID: PMC10904586 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2024.1350240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2023] [Accepted: 01/31/2024] [Indexed: 03/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Multiple sclerosis (MS) and Alzheimer's disease (AD) are neuroinflammatory and neurodegenerative diseases with considerable socioeconomic impacts but without definitive treatments. AD and MS have multifactorial pathogenesis resulting in complex cognitive and neurologic symptoms and growing evidence also indicates key functions of specific immune cells. Whereas relevant processes dependent on T cells have been elucidated in both AD and MS, mechanisms that can control such immune responses still remain elusive. Here, a brief overview of select recent findings clarifying immunomodulatory mechanisms specifically induced by tolerogenic dendritic cells to limit the activation and functions of neurodegenerative T cells is presented. These insights could become a foundation for new cutting-edge research as well as therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Hawiger
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, United States
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3
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Blanco T, Singh RB, Nakagawa H, Taketani Y, Dohlman TH, Chen Y, Chauhan SK, Yin J, Dana R. Conventional type I migratory CD103 + dendritic cells are required for corneal allograft survival. Mucosal Immunol 2023; 16:711-726. [PMID: 36642378 PMCID: PMC10413378 DOI: 10.1016/j.mucimm.2022.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2022] [Accepted: 12/14/2022] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Corneal transplant rejection primarily occurs because of the T helper 1 (Th1) effector cell-mediated immune response of the host towards allogeneic tissue. The evidence suggests that type 1 migratory conventional CD103+ dendritic cells (CD103+DC1) acquire an immunosuppressive phenotype in the tumor environment; however, the involvement of CD103+DC1 in allograft survival continues to be an elusive question of great clinical significance in tissue transplantation. In this study, we assess the role of CD103+DC1 in suppressing Th1 alloreactivity against transplanted corneal allografts. The immunosuppressive function of CD103+DC1 has been extensively studied in non-transplantation settings. We found that host CD103+DC1 infiltrates the corneal graft and migrates to the draining lymph nodes to suppress alloreactive CD4+ Th1 cells via the programmed death-ligand 1 axis. The systemic depletion of CD103+ DC1 in allograft recipients leads to amplified Th1 activation, impaired Treg function, and increased rate of allograft rejection. Although allograft recipient Rag1 null mice reconstituted with naïve CD4+CD25- T cells efficiently generated peripheral Treg cells (pTreg), the CD103+DC1-depleted mice failed to generate pTreg. Furthermore, adoptive transfer of pTreg failed to rescue allografts in CD103+DC1-depleted recipients from rejection. These data demonstrate the critical role of CD103+DC1 in regulating host alloimmune responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomas Blanco
- Laboratory of Corneal Immunology, Transplantation, and Regeneration, Schepens Eye Research Institute of Massachusetts Eye and Ear, Department of Ophthalmology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, USA
| | - Rohan Bir Singh
- Laboratory of Corneal Immunology, Transplantation, and Regeneration, Schepens Eye Research Institute of Massachusetts Eye and Ear, Department of Ophthalmology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, USA
| | - Hayate Nakagawa
- Laboratory of Corneal Immunology, Transplantation, and Regeneration, Schepens Eye Research Institute of Massachusetts Eye and Ear, Department of Ophthalmology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, USA
| | - Yukako Taketani
- Laboratory of Corneal Immunology, Transplantation, and Regeneration, Schepens Eye Research Institute of Massachusetts Eye and Ear, Department of Ophthalmology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, USA
| | - Thomas H Dohlman
- Laboratory of Corneal Immunology, Transplantation, and Regeneration, Schepens Eye Research Institute of Massachusetts Eye and Ear, Department of Ophthalmology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, USA
| | - Yihe Chen
- Laboratory of Corneal Immunology, Transplantation, and Regeneration, Schepens Eye Research Institute of Massachusetts Eye and Ear, Department of Ophthalmology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, USA
| | - Sunil K Chauhan
- Laboratory of Corneal Immunology, Transplantation, and Regeneration, Schepens Eye Research Institute of Massachusetts Eye and Ear, Department of Ophthalmology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, USA
| | - Jia Yin
- Laboratory of Corneal Immunology, Transplantation, and Regeneration, Schepens Eye Research Institute of Massachusetts Eye and Ear, Department of Ophthalmology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, USA
| | - Reza Dana
- Laboratory of Corneal Immunology, Transplantation, and Regeneration, Schepens Eye Research Institute of Massachusetts Eye and Ear, Department of Ophthalmology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, USA.
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4
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Bourque J, Hawiger D. Activation, Amplification, and Ablation as Dynamic Mechanisms of Dendritic Cell Maturation. BIOLOGY 2023; 12:biology12050716. [PMID: 37237529 DOI: 10.3390/biology12050716] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2023] [Revised: 05/07/2023] [Accepted: 05/11/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
T cell responses to cognate antigens crucially depend on the specific functionality of dendritic cells (DCs) activated in a process referred to as maturation. Maturation was initially described as alterations of the functional status of DCs in direct response to multiple extrinsic innate signals derived from foreign organisms. More recent studies, conducted mainly in mice, revealed an intricate network of intrinsic signals dependent on cytokines and various immunomodulatory pathways facilitating communication between individual DCs and other cells for the orchestration of specific maturation outcomes. These signals selectively amplify the initial activation of DCs mediated by innate factors and dynamically shape DC functionalities by ablating DCs with specific functions. Here, we discuss the effects of the initial activation of DCs that crucially includes the production of cytokine intermediaries to collectively achieve amplification of the maturation process and further precise sculpting of the functional landscapes among DCs. By emphasizing the interconnectedness of the intracellular and intercellular mechanisms, we reveal activation, amplification, and ablation as the mechanistically integrated components of the DC maturation process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica Bourque
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63104, USA
| | - Daniel Hawiger
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63104, USA
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5
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Xu F, Bian K, Wang S, Yao F, Chen J, Cao Y, Qin Y. B and T lymphocyte attenuator as a C-reactive protein and IgA associated auxiliary diagnostic marker for pulmonary tuberculosis: a case-control study. ANNALS OF TRANSLATIONAL MEDICINE 2022; 10:1370. [PMID: 36660715 PMCID: PMC9843424 DOI: 10.21037/atm-22-6060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2022] [Accepted: 12/16/2022] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Background Screening and identification of hematologic molecular indicators of pulmonary tuberculosis (PTB) is crucial for its diagnose and therapy. Therefore, our work aims to detect the diagnostic value of blood marker B and T lymphocyte attenuator (BTLA) in PTB, and provide a certain theoretical basis for the auxiliary diagnosis of PTB. Methods Based on the inclusion criteria, 56 Patients with clinically confirmed pulmonary TB by clinical between January 2020 and December 2021 at our hospital were selected as the research objects of this study. Fifty-two matched healthy population at our hospital was used as the control group. Clinical characteristics were got from clinical laboratory. Real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) was used to analyze changes in BTLA along with its ligand in peripheral blood. Changes in BTLA on the surface of different cells were analyzed by flow cytometry. The correlation test was used to determine the associations between BTLA and clinical indicators. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis was used to evaluate the auxiliary diagnostic value in PTB of BTLA expression from different sources. Results Compared with the control, changes in peripheral blood BTLA in the PTB group were significantly increased (P=0.0187) rather than its ligand. Changes in BTLA on the surface of CD68 and antigen-presenting cell (APC) CD11c were significantly increased in the PTB group (P=0.0004, P<0.0001), while changes in BTLA on the surface of CD4+ T and CD8+ T cells were not significantly different (P=0.0792, P=0.8706). The expression of BTLA+CD11c+ was negatively correlated with the expression of immunoglobulin A (IgA) (r=-0.2934, P=0.0282) and positively related to C-reactive protein (r=0.3277, P=0.0137). ROC curve analysis suggested that the area under the curve (AUC), sensitivity and specificity of BTLA RT-PCR detection were 0.6315, 53.57%, 57.69% while for BTLA+CD11c+ detection were 0.8039, 88.46% and 73.21% and for BTLA+CD68+ detection were 0.6973, 60.71% and 61.54%. Conclusions BTLA is highly expressed in peripheral blood and specific cell types of patients with PTB and is correlated with specific clinical indicators, which may be an important molecular marker for the auxiliary diagnosis of PTB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feifan Xu
- Department of Pathogen Biology, School of Medicine, Nantong University, Nantong, China;,Department of Clinical Laboratory, Affiliated Nantong Hospital of Shanghai University (The Sixth People’s Hospital of Nantong), Nantong, China
| | - Keyun Bian
- Department of Pathogen Biology, School of Medicine, Nantong University, Nantong, China;,Department of Microbiology Laboratory, Disease Control and Prevention Center of Rugao, Nantong, China
| | - Shouwei Wang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Affiliated Nantong Hospital of Shanghai University (The Sixth People’s Hospital of Nantong), Nantong, China
| | - Fan Yao
- Department of Tuberculosis, Affiliated Nantong Hospital of Shanghai University (The Sixth People’s Hospital of Nantong), Nantong, China
| | - Jinling Chen
- Department of Pathogen Biology, School of Medicine, Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Yali Cao
- Department of Preventive Health Care, The Third People’s Hospital of Nantong, Nantong, China
| | - Yongwei Qin
- Department of Pathogen Biology, School of Medicine, Nantong University, Nantong, China
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6
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Yu L, Sun M, Zhang Q, Zhou Q, Wang Y. Harnessing the immune system by targeting immune checkpoints: Providing new hope for Oncotherapy. Front Immunol 2022; 13:982026. [PMID: 36159789 PMCID: PMC9498063 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.982026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2022] [Accepted: 08/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
With the goal of harnessing the host’s immune system to provide long-lasting remission and cures for various cancers, the advent of immunotherapy revolutionized the cancer therapy field. Among the current immunotherapeutic strategies, immune checkpoint blockades have greatly improved the overall survival rates in certain patient populations. Of note, CTLA4 and PD-1/PD-L1 are two major non-redundant immune checkpoints implicated in promoting cancer immune evasion, and ultimately lead to relapse. Antibodies or inhibitors targeting these two c+heckpoints have achieved some encouraging clinical outcomes. Further, beyond the canonical immune checkpoints, more inhibitory checkpoints have been identified. Herein, we will summarize recent progress in immune checkpoint blockade therapies, with a specific focus on key pre-clinical and clinical results of new immune checkpoint therapies for cancer. Given the crucial roles of immune checkpoint blockade in oncotherapy, drugs targeting checkpoint molecules expressed by both cancer and immune cells are in clinical trials, which will be comprehensively summarized in this review. Taken together, investigating combinatorial therapies targeting immune checkpoints expressed by cancer cells and immune cells will greatly improve immunotherapies that enhance host elimination of tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu Yu
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
| | - Minghan Sun
- Central of Reproductive Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Sichuan Provincial People’s Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
| | - Qi Zhang
- School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
| | - Qiao Zhou
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Sichuan Provincial People’s Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
- Clinical Immunology Translational Medicine Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Provincial People’s Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
- Institute of Organ Transplantation, Sichuan Provincial People’s Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
- *Correspondence: Qiao Zhou, ; Yi Wang,
| | - Yi Wang
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Sichuan Provincial People’s Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
- *Correspondence: Qiao Zhou, ; Yi Wang,
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7
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Bourque J, Kousnetsov R, Hawiger D. Roles of Hopx in the differentiation and functions of immune cells. Eur J Cell Biol 2022; 101:151242. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejcb.2022.151242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2022] [Revised: 05/20/2022] [Accepted: 05/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
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8
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Iberg CA, Bourque J, Fallahee I, Son S, Hawiger D. TNF-α sculpts a maturation process in vivo by pruning tolerogenic dendritic cells. Cell Rep 2022; 39:110657. [PMID: 35417681 PMCID: PMC9113652 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2022.110657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2021] [Revised: 02/16/2022] [Accepted: 03/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
It remains unclear how the pro-immunogenic maturation of conventional dendritic cells (cDCs) abrogates their tolerogenic functions. Here, we report that the loss of tolerogenic functions depends on the rapid death of BTLAhi cDC1s, which, in the steady state, are present in systemic peripheral lymphoid organs and promote tolerance that limits subsequent immune responses. A canonical inducer of maturation, lipopolysaccharide (LPS), initiates a burst of tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) production and the resultant acute death of BTLAhi cDC1s mediated by tumor necrosis factor receptor 1. The ablation of these individual tolerogenic cDCs is amplified by TNF-α produced by neighboring cells. This loss of tolerogenic cDCs is transient, accentuating the restoration of homeostatic conditions through biological turnover of cDCs in vivo. Therefore, our results reveal that the abrogation of tolerogenic functions during an acute immunogenic maturation depends on an ablation of the tolerogenic cDC population, resulting in a dynamic remodeling of the cDC functional landscape.
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Affiliation(s)
- Courtney A Iberg
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Jessica Bourque
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Ian Fallahee
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Sungho Son
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Daniel Hawiger
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA.
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9
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Bourque J, Hawiger D. Variegated Outcomes of T Cell Activation by Dendritic Cells in the Steady State. JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY (BALTIMORE, MD. : 1950) 2022; 208:539-547. [PMID: 35042789 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.2100932] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2021] [Accepted: 11/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Conventional dendritic cells (cDC) control adaptive immunity by sensing damage- and pathogen-associated molecular patterns and then inducing defined differentiation programs in T cells. Nevertheless, in the absence of specific proimmunogenic innate signals, generally referred to as the steady state, cDC also activate T cells to induce specific functional fates. Consistent with the maintenance of homeostasis, such specific outcomes of T cell activation in the steady state include T cell clonal anergy, deletion, and conversion of peripheral regulatory T cells (pTregs). However, the robust induction of protolerogenic mechanisms must be reconciled with the initiation of autoimmune responses and cancer immunosurveillance that are also observed under homeostatic conditions. Here we review the diversity of fates and functions of T cells involved in the opposing immunogenic and tolerogenic processes induced in the steady state by the relevant mechanisms of systemic cDC present in murine peripheral lymphoid organs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica Bourque
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO
| | - Daniel Hawiger
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO
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10
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Bourque J, Hawiger D. Applications of Antibody-Based Antigen Delivery Targeted to Dendritic Cells In Vivo. Antibodies (Basel) 2022; 11:antib11010008. [PMID: 35225867 PMCID: PMC8884005 DOI: 10.3390/antib11010008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2021] [Revised: 01/11/2022] [Accepted: 01/20/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Recombinant immunoglobulins, derived from monoclonal antibodies recognizing the defined surface epitopes expressed on dendritic cells, have been employed for the past two decades to deliver antigens to dendritic cells in vivo, serving as critical tools for the investigation of the corresponding T cell responses. These approaches originated with the development of the recombinant chimeric antibody against a multilectin receptor, DEC-205, which is present on subsets of murine and human conventional dendritic cells. Following the widespread application of antigen targeting through DEC-205, similar approaches then utilized other epitopes as entry points for antigens delivered by specific antibodies to multiple types of dendritic cells. Overall, these antigen-delivery methodologies helped to reveal the mechanisms underlying tolerogenic and immunogenic T cell responses orchestrated by dendritic cells. Here, we discuss the relevant experimental strategies as well as their future perspectives, including their translational relevance.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Daniel Hawiger
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-314-977-8875; Fax: +1-314-977-8717
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11
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Bourque J, Hawiger D. Current and Future Immunotherapies for Multiple Sclerosis. MISSOURI MEDICINE 2021; 118:334-339. [PMID: 34373668 PMCID: PMC8343631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Despite substantial progress in developing new immunotherapies against multiple sclerosis (MS), currently available immunotherapies are only partially effective for this debilitating neurological disease, thus necessitating new therapeutic approaches. Here, we review the immunotherapies already approved for MS as well as relevant clinical trials. Further, we present some experimental approaches that are currently being developed and are focused on modulating the functions of dendritic cells and regulatory T cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica Bourque
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, at the Henry and Amelia Nasrallah Center for Neuroscience, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri
| | - Daniel Hawiger
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, at the Henry and Amelia Nasrallah Center for Neuroscience, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri
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12
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The formation of pre-effectors in the steady state opens a new perspective for cancer immunosurveillance. Oncotarget 2021; 12:1318-1320. [PMID: 34194629 PMCID: PMC8238249 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.27967] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
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13
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Alotaibi F, Vincent M, Min WP, Koropatnick J. Reduced CD5 on CD8 + T Cells in Tumors but Not Lymphoid Organs Is Associated With Increased Activation and Effector Function. Front Immunol 2021; 11:584937. [PMID: 33584650 PMCID: PMC7876331 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.584937] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2020] [Accepted: 12/08/2020] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
CD5, a member of the scavenger receptor cysteine-rich superfamily, is a marker for T cells and a subset of B cells (B1a). CD5 associates with T-cell and B-cell receptors and increased CD5 is an indication of B cell activation. In tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) isolated from lung cancer patients, CD5 levels were negatively correlated with anti-tumor activity and tumor‐mediated activation-induced T cell death, suggesting that CD5 could impair activation of anti-tumor T cells. We determined CD5 levels in T cell subsets in different organs in mice bearing syngeneic 4T1 breast tumor homografts and assessed the relationship between CD5 and increased T cell activation and effector function by flow cytometry. We report that T cell CD5 levels were higher in CD4+ T cells than in CD8+ T cells in 4T1 tumor-bearing mice, and that high CD5 levels on CD4+ T cells were maintained in peripheral organs (spleen and lymph nodes). However, both CD4+ and CD8+ T cells recruited to tumors had reduced CD5 compared to CD4+ and CD8+ T cells in peripheral organs. In addition, CD5high/CD4+ T cells and CD5high/CD8+ T cells from peripheral organs exhibited higher levels of activation and associated effector function compared to CD5low/CD4+ T cell and CD5low/CD8+ T cell from the same organs. Interestingly, CD8+ T cells among TILs and downregulated CD5 were activated to a higher level, with concomitantly increased effector function markers, than CD8+/CD5high TILs. Thus, differential CD5 levels among T cells in tumors and lymphoid organs can be associated with different levels of T cell activation and effector function, suggesting that CD5 may be a therapeutic target for immunotherapeutic activation in cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Faizah Alotaibi
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The University of Western Ontario, London, ON, Canada.,Cancer Research Laboratory Program, London Regional Cancer Program, Lawson Health Research Institute, London, ON, Canada
| | - Mark Vincent
- Department of Oncology, The University of Western Ontario, London, ON, Canada
| | - Wei-Ping Min
- Department of Oncology, The University of Western Ontario, London, ON, Canada
| | - James Koropatnick
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The University of Western Ontario, London, ON, Canada.,Cancer Research Laboratory Program, London Regional Cancer Program, Lawson Health Research Institute, London, ON, Canada.,Department of Oncology, The University of Western Ontario, London, ON, Canada
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14
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Opejin A, Surnov A, Misulovin Z, Pherson M, Gross C, Iberg CA, Fallahee I, Bourque J, Dorsett D, Hawiger D. A Two-Step Process of Effector Programming Governs CD4 + T Cell Fate Determination Induced by Antigenic Activation in the Steady State. Cell Rep 2020; 33:108424. [PMID: 33238127 PMCID: PMC7714042 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2020.108424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2020] [Revised: 10/01/2020] [Accepted: 10/30/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Various processes induce and maintain immune tolerance, but effector T cells still arise under minimal perturbations of homeostasis through unclear mechanisms. We report that, contrary to the model postulating primarily tolerogenic mechanisms initiated under homeostatic conditions, effector programming is an integral part of T cell fate determination induced by antigenic activation in the steady state. This effector programming depends on a two-step process starting with induction of effector precursors that express Hopx and are imprinted with multiple instructions for their subsequent terminal effector differentiation. Such molecular circuits advancing specific terminal effector differentiation upon re-stimulation include programmed expression of interferon-γ, whose production then promotes expression of T-bet in the precursors. We further show that effector programming coincides with regulatory conversion among T cells sharing the same antigen specificity. However, conventional type 2 dendritic cells (cDC2) and T cell functions of mammalian target of rapamycin complex 1 (mTORC1) increase effector precursor induction while decreasing the proportion of T cells that can become peripheral Foxp3+ regulatory T (pTreg) cells. The mechanisms in the steady state that govern the formation of effector T cells with potentially autoimmune functions remain unclear. Opejin et al. reveal a two-step process starting with induction of effector precursors that express Hopx and are imprinted with multiple instructions for their subsequent terminal effector differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adeleye Opejin
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Alexey Surnov
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Ziva Misulovin
- Edward A. Doisy Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Michelle Pherson
- Edward A. Doisy Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Cindy Gross
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Courtney A Iberg
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Ian Fallahee
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Jessica Bourque
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Dale Dorsett
- Edward A. Doisy Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Daniel Hawiger
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA.
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Iberg CA, Hawiger D. Natural and Induced Tolerogenic Dendritic Cells. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2020; 204:733-744. [PMID: 32015076 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1901121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 155] [Impact Index Per Article: 38.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2019] [Accepted: 10/04/2019] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Dendritic cells (DCs) are highly susceptible to extrinsic signals that modify the functions of these crucial APCs. Maturation of DCs induced by diverse proinflammatory conditions promotes immune responses, but certain signals also induce tolerogenic functions in DCs. These "induced tolerogenic DCs" help to moderate immune responses such as those to commensals present at specific anatomical locations. However, also under steady-state conditions, some DCs are characterized by inherent tolerogenic properties. The immunomodulatory mechanisms constitutively present in such "natural tolerogenic DCs" help to promote tolerance to peripheral Ags. By extending tolerance initially established in the thymus, these functions of DCs help to regulate autoimmune and other immune responses. In this review we will discuss the mechanisms and functions of natural and induced tolerogenic DCs and offer further insight into how their possible manipulations may ultimately lead to more precise treatments for various immune-mediated conditions and diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Courtney A Iberg
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63104
| | - Daniel Hawiger
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63104
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Targeting Dendritic Cells with Antigen-Delivering Antibodies for Amelioration of Autoimmunity in Animal Models of Multiple Sclerosis and Other Autoimmune Diseases. Antibodies (Basel) 2020; 9:antib9020023. [PMID: 32549343 PMCID: PMC7345927 DOI: 10.3390/antib9020023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2020] [Revised: 04/22/2020] [Accepted: 04/30/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The specific targeting of dendritic cells (DCs) using antigen-delivering antibodies has been established to be a highly efficient protocol for the induction of tolerance and protection from autoimmune processes in experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE), a model of multiple sclerosis (MS), as well as in some other animal disease models. As the specific mechanisms of such induced tolerance are being investigated, the newly gained insights may also possibly help to design effective treatments for patients. Here we review approaches applied for the amelioration of autoimmunity in animal models based on antibody-mediated targeting of self-antigens to DCs. Further, we discuss relevant mechanisms of immunological tolerance that underlie such approaches, and we also offer some future perspectives for the application of similar methods in certain related disease settings such as transplantation.
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