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Vitale S, Calapà F, Colonna F, Luongo F, Biffoni M, De Maria R, Fiori ME. Advancements in 3D In Vitro Models for Colorectal Cancer. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2024; 11:e2405084. [PMID: 38962943 PMCID: PMC11348154 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202405084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2024] [Indexed: 07/05/2024]
Abstract
The process of drug discovery and pre-clinical testing is currently inefficient, expensive, and time-consuming. Most importantly, the success rate is unsatisfactory, as only a small percentage of tested drugs are made available to oncological patients. This is largely due to the lack of reliable models that accurately predict drug efficacy and safety. Even animal models often fail to replicate human-specific pathologies and human body's complexity. These factors, along with ethical concerns regarding animal use, urge the development of suitable human-relevant, translational in vitro models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Vitale
- Department of Oncology and Molecular Medicine (OMM)Istituto Superiore di SanitàViale Regina Elena 299Rome00161Italy
| | - Federica Calapà
- Dipartimento di Medicina e Chirurgia traslazionaleUniversità Cattolica del Sacro CuoreLargo F. Vito 1RomeItaly
| | - Francesca Colonna
- Department of Oncology and Molecular Medicine (OMM)Istituto Superiore di SanitàViale Regina Elena 299Rome00161Italy
| | - Francesca Luongo
- Dipartimento di Medicina e Chirurgia traslazionaleUniversità Cattolica del Sacro CuoreLargo F. Vito 1RomeItaly
| | - Mauro Biffoni
- Department of Oncology and Molecular Medicine (OMM)Istituto Superiore di SanitàViale Regina Elena 299Rome00161Italy
| | - Ruggero De Maria
- Dipartimento di Medicina e Chirurgia traslazionaleUniversità Cattolica del Sacro CuoreLargo F. Vito 1RomeItaly
- Fondazione Policlinico Universitario “A. Gemelli” – IRCCSLargo F. Vito 1RomeItaly
| | - Micol E. Fiori
- Department of Oncology and Molecular Medicine (OMM)Istituto Superiore di SanitàViale Regina Elena 299Rome00161Italy
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2
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Jin J, Fan YJ, Nguyen TV, Yu ZN, Song CH, Lee SY, Shin HS, Chai OH. Chaenomeles sinensis Extract Ameliorates Ovalbumin-Induced Allergic Rhinitis by Inhibiting the IL-33/ST2 Axis and Regulating Epithelial Cell Dysfunction. Foods 2024; 13:611. [PMID: 38397588 PMCID: PMC10888344 DOI: 10.3390/foods13040611] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2024] [Revised: 02/14/2024] [Accepted: 02/15/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Chaenomeles sinensis has traditionally been used as an herbal medicine due to its characteristics that protect against inflammation, hypertension, and mutagenesis. However, the effect of Chaenomeles sinensis extract (CSE) on allergic rhinitis (AR) and its underlying mechanisms have yet to be thoroughly investigated. The current study explored the likely effect of CSE on AR in an ovalbumin (OVA)-induced AR mouse model. To this end, OVA-specific immunoglobulins, nasal symptoms, cytokine production, the infiltration of inflammatory cells, and nasal histopathology were assessed to determine the role of CSE against AR. The supplementation of CSE was found to suppress OVA-specific IgE, while OVA-specific IgG2a was increased in the serum. Further, CSE ameliorated the production of T helper type 2 (Th2) cytokines whereas it increased Th1 cytokine levels in nasal lavage fluid. Moreover, the CSE treatment group exhibited significant inhibition of IL-33/ST2 signaling. Subsequently, CES reversed the OVA-induced enhancement of epithelial permeability and upregulated E-cadherin, thus indicating that CES plays a protective role on epithelial barrier integrity. Altogether, the oral administration of CSE effectively controlled allergic response by restricting the buildup of inflammatory cells, enhancing nasal and lung histopathological traits, and regulating cytokines associated with inflammation. Collectively, the results show that the supplementation of CSE at different doses effectively regulated AR, thus suggesting the therapeutic efficiency of CSE in suppressing airway diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Jin
- Department of Anatomy, Jeonbuk National University Medical School, Jeonju 54896, Republic of Korea; (J.J.)
| | - Yan Jing Fan
- Department of Anatomy, Jeonbuk National University Medical School, Jeonju 54896, Republic of Korea; (J.J.)
| | - Thi Van Nguyen
- Department of Anatomy, Jeonbuk National University Medical School, Jeonju 54896, Republic of Korea; (J.J.)
| | - Zhen Nan Yu
- Department of Anatomy, Jeonbuk National University Medical School, Jeonju 54896, Republic of Korea; (J.J.)
| | - Chang Ho Song
- Department of Anatomy, Jeonbuk National University Medical School, Jeonju 54896, Republic of Korea; (J.J.)
- Institute for Medical Sciences, Jeonbuk National University Medical School, Jeonju 54896, Republic of Korea
| | - So-Young Lee
- Department of Food Biotechnology, University of Science and Technology (UST), Daejeon 34113, Republic of Korea
- Division of Food Functionality Research, Korea Food Research Institute (KFRI), Wanju 55365, Republic of Korea
| | - Hee Soon Shin
- Department of Food Biotechnology, University of Science and Technology (UST), Daejeon 34113, Republic of Korea
- Division of Food Functionality Research, Korea Food Research Institute (KFRI), Wanju 55365, Republic of Korea
| | - Ok Hee Chai
- Department of Anatomy, Jeonbuk National University Medical School, Jeonju 54896, Republic of Korea; (J.J.)
- Institute for Medical Sciences, Jeonbuk National University Medical School, Jeonju 54896, Republic of Korea
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3
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Ai J, Weng Y, Jiang L, Liu C, Liu H, Chen H. Dexamethasone Suppresses IL-33-exacerbated Malignant Phenotype of U87MG Glioblastoma Cells via NF-κB and MAPK Signaling Pathways. Anticancer Agents Med Chem 2024; 24:389-397. [PMID: 38192141 DOI: 10.2174/0118715206281991231222073858] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2023] [Revised: 12/07/2023] [Accepted: 12/14/2023] [Indexed: 01/10/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Interleukin (IL)-33 is highly expressed in glioblastoma (GBM) and promotes tumor progression. Targeting IL-33 may be an effective strategy for the treatment of GBM. Dexamethasone (DEX) is a controversial drug routinely used clinically in GBM therapy. Whether DEX has an effect on IL-33 is unknown. This study aimed to investigate the effect of DEX on IL-33 and the molecular mechanisms involved. METHODS U87MG cells were induced by tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α to express IL-33 and then treated with DEX. The mRNA levels of IL-33, NF-κB p65, ERK1/2, and p38 were determined by real-time quantitative PCR. The expression of IL-33, IkBα (a specific inhibitor of NF-κB) and MKP-1 (a negative regulator of MAPK), as well as the phosphorylation of NF-κB, ERK1/2 and p38 MAPK, were detected by Western blotting. The secretion of IL-33 was measured by ELISA. The proliferation, migration and invasion of U87MG cells were detected by CCK8 and transwell assays, respectively. RESULTS DEX significantly reduced TNF-α-induced production of IL-33 in U87MG cells, which was dependent on inhibiting the activation of the NF-κB, ERK1/2 and p38 MAPK signaling pathways, and was accompanied by the increased expression of IkBα but not MKP-1. Furthermore, the proliferation, migration and invasion of U87MG cells exacerbated by IL-33 were suppressed by DEX. CONCLUSION DEX inhibited the production and tumor-promoting function of IL-33. Whether DEX can benefit GBM patients remains controversial. Our results suggest that GBM patients with high IL-33 expression may benefit from DEX treatment and deserve further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Ai
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guilin Medical University, Guilin, 541199, PR China
- College of Pharmacy, Guilin Medical University, Guilin, 541199, PR China
| | - Yinhua Weng
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guilin Medical University, Guilin, 541199, PR China
| | - Liyan Jiang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guilin Medical University, Guilin, 541199, PR China
| | - Chao Liu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guilin Medical University, Guilin, 541199, PR China
| | - Hongbo Liu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guilin Medical University, Guilin, 541199, PR China
- Guangxi Health Commission Key Laboratory of Glucose and Lipid Metabolism Disorders, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guilin Medical University, Guilin, 541199, China
| | - Huoying Chen
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guilin Medical University, Guilin, 541199, PR China
- Guangxi Health Commission Key Laboratory of Glucose and Lipid Metabolism Disorders, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guilin Medical University, Guilin, 541199, China
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4
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Yan L, Zheng J, Wang Q, Hao H. Role of cancer-associated fibroblasts in colorectal cancer and their potential as therapeutic targets. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2023; 681:127-135. [PMID: 37774570 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2023.09.065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2023] [Revised: 09/17/2023] [Accepted: 09/22/2023] [Indexed: 10/01/2023]
Abstract
Cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) are mesenchymal cells in the tumor microenvironment (TME). CAFs are the most abundant cellular components in the TME of solid tumors. They affect the progression and course of chemotherapy and radiotherapy in various types of tumors including colorectal cancer (CRC). CAFs can promote tumor proliferation, invasion, and metastasis; protect tumor cells from immune surveillance; and resist tumor cell apoptosis caused by chemotherapy, resulting in drug resistance to chemotherapy. In recent years, researchers have become increasingly interested CAF functions and have conducted extensive research. However, compared to other types of malignancies, our understanding of the interaction between CRC cells and CAFs remains limited. Therefore, we searched the relevant literature published in the past 10 years, and reviewed the origin, biological characteristics, heterogeneity, role in the TME, and potential therapeutic targets of CAFs, to aid future research on CAFs and tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liping Yan
- Department of Pathology, Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, 330006, PR China
| | - Jian Zheng
- Department of Pathology, Yangpu Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200090, PR China
| | - Qingyu Wang
- Department of Pathology, Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, 330006, PR China.
| | - Hua Hao
- Department of Pathology, Yangpu Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200090, PR China.
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Yu M, Zhang Q, Wan L, Wang S, Zou L, Chen Z, Li F. IL-1R8 expression in DLBCL regulates NK cell recruitment and influences patient prognosis. Funct Integr Genomics 2023; 23:328. [PMID: 37907630 DOI: 10.1007/s10142-023-01254-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2023] [Revised: 10/05/2023] [Accepted: 10/13/2023] [Indexed: 11/02/2023]
Abstract
The precise biological function of Interleukin-1 receptor 8 (IL-1R8) in diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) is still not well understood. Our goal is to decipher the profile of IL-1R8 expression status in DLBCL and to explore how IL-1R8 is involved in DLBCL progression. Utilizing a tissue microarray consisting of 70 samples of DLBCL tumors alongside 15 samples of tonsillitis, our investigation revealed a parallel expression profile of IL-1R8 between the tumor tissues and tonsillitis samples (p > 0.05). Nevertheless, an intriguing association emerged, as heightened expression of IL-1R8 correlated significantly with unfavorable survival outcomes in patients with DLBCL (p < 0.05). The status of IL-1R8 expression did not directly regulate proliferation (p > 0.05) and apoptosis (p > 0.05) in DLBCL cells via CCK8 and apoptotic assays. Subsequent chemotaxis analysis indicated that natural killer (NK) cell recruitment could be suppressed by IL-1R8 signaling in DLBCL, at least partially through CXCL1 inhibition (p < 0.05). The status of IL-1R8 expression in tumor tissues exhibited a negative correlation with the density of CD57+ NK cell infiltration (p < 0.05), while it did not demonstrate a significant association with CD3+ T cells (p > 0.05), CD68+ macrophages (p > 0.05), or S-100+ dendritic cells (p > 0.05). In line with this observation, elevated levels of NK cell infiltration demonstrated a significant positive correlation with improved overall survival (OS) among patients diagnosed with DLBCL (p < 0.05). Our data suggests the immuno-regulating potential of IL-1R8 through NK cell recruitment in DLBCL, providing novel insights into future immuno-modulating therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Yu
- Department of Hematology, First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, 17 Yongwai Street, Nanchang, Jiangxi, 330006, China
| | - Qian Zhang
- Department of Hematology, First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, 17 Yongwai Street, Nanchang, Jiangxi, 330006, China
| | - Luying Wan
- Department of Oncology, First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Shixuan Wang
- Department of Hematology, First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, 17 Yongwai Street, Nanchang, Jiangxi, 330006, China
| | - Lifang Zou
- Department of Hematology, First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, 17 Yongwai Street, Nanchang, Jiangxi, 330006, China
| | - Zhiwei Chen
- Department of Hematology, First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, 17 Yongwai Street, Nanchang, Jiangxi, 330006, China
| | - Fei Li
- Department of Hematology, First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, 17 Yongwai Street, Nanchang, Jiangxi, 330006, China.
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Roy R, Das T, Biswas N. Orchestration of immune response by innate lymphoid cell subtype 2 at various tumor microenvironment, a suitable target for cancer immunotherapy. Int Rev Immunol 2023; 43:74-82. [PMID: 37599626 DOI: 10.1080/08830185.2023.2247021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2022] [Revised: 06/16/2023] [Accepted: 06/26/2023] [Indexed: 08/22/2023]
Abstract
Innate lymphoid cells are a mixed population of cells and critical regulators of our innate immune system. According to recent scientific literature, tissue resident innate lymphoid cell subtype 2 has been recognized as an important player of type 2 inflammatory responses, involved in different human malignancies like pancreatic, lung, acute myeloid leukemia, gastrointestinal tract cancer, etc. The current reports have revealed that, among the three main ILC sub types, subtype 2 (ILC 2), as the key regulator of initiating the type 2 inflammatory responses at the tumor microenvironment (TME). This activation of ILC-2 is a very important step for the specific downstream functioning of ILC-2. Priming of ILC-2 with different chemokines involves different cytokine secretion from the activated ILC-2 like IL-4, IL-5, IL-13, IL-9 which induce type 2 inflammatory responses involved in the complex interaction with other immune cells like NK cell, Cytotoxic T cell, MDSC and Treg cell. At the initial stage, ILC-2 activation through IL-33 may induce the anti-tumorigenic effect mediated by ILC-2/eosinophil axis. However, it is also evident that PDG2 (Prostaglandin D2)-mediated activation of ILC-2 induces the ILC-2/MDSC immune suppressive pro-tumorigenic niche at the TME. Here, in this review, we have summarized the function of ILC-2 on cancer immunity based on recent scientific work which indicates ILC-2 plays a dual role and orchestrates the immune responses toward type 2 immunity in different cancer settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajdeep Roy
- Department of Life Sciences, Presidency University, Kolkata, India
| | - Tanmoy Das
- Department of Zoology, Visva-Bharati University, Shantiniketan, West Bengal, India
| | - Nabendu Biswas
- Department of Life Sciences, Presidency University, Kolkata, India
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7
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Pisani LF, Teani I, Vecchi M, Pastorelli L. Interleukin-33: Friend or Foe in Gastrointestinal Tract Cancers? Cells 2023; 12:1481. [PMID: 37296602 PMCID: PMC10252908 DOI: 10.3390/cells12111481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2023] [Revised: 05/18/2023] [Accepted: 05/22/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Accumulating evidence suggests that Interleukin-33 (IL-33), a member of the IL-1 family, has crucial roles in tissue homeostasis and repair, type 2 immunity, inflammation, and viral infection. IL-33 is a novel contributing factor in tumorigenesis and plays a critical role in regulating angiogenesis and cancer progression in a variety of human cancers. The partially unraveled role of IL-33/ST2 signaling in gastrointestinal tract cancers is being investigated through the analysis of patients' samples and by studies in murine and rat models. In this review, we discuss the basic biology and mechanisms of release of the IL-33 protein and its involvement in gastrointestinal cancer onset and progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Francesca Pisani
- Gastroenterology and Endoscopy Unit, IRCCS Policlinico San Donato, 20097 San Donato Milanese, Italy
- Immunology and Functional Genomics Unit, Centro Cardiologico Monzino, IRCCS, 20138 Milan, Italy
| | - Isabella Teani
- Department of Medicine, University of Verona, 37129 Verona, Italy;
| | - Maurizio Vecchi
- Gastroenterology and Endoscopy Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Ca’ Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, 20122 Milan, Italy
- Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, University of Milan, 20122 Milan, Italy
| | - Luca Pastorelli
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Milan, 20122 Milan, Italy
- Gastroenterology and Liver Unit, ASST Santi Paolo e Carlo, 20142 Milan, Italy
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8
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Peng Z, Tong Z, Ren Z, Ye M, Hu K. Cancer-associated fibroblasts and its derived exosomes: a new perspective for reshaping the tumor microenvironment. Mol Med 2023; 29:66. [PMID: 37217855 DOI: 10.1186/s10020-023-00665-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2023] [Accepted: 05/14/2023] [Indexed: 05/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) are the most abundant stromal cells within the tumor microenvironment (TME). They extensively communicate with the other cells. Exosome-packed bioactive molecules derived from CAFs can reshape the TME by interacting with other cells and the extracellular matrix, which adds a new perspective for their clinical application in tumor targeted therapy. An in-depth understanding of the biological characteristics of CAF-derived exosomes (CDEs) is critical for depicting the detailed landscape of the TME and developing tailored therapeutic strategies for cancer treatment. In this review, we have summarized the functional roles of CAFs in the TME, particularly focusing on the extensive communication mediated by CDEs that contain biological molecules such as miRNAs, proteins, metabolites, and other components. In addition, we have also highlighted the prospects for diagnostic and therapeutic applications based on CDEs, which could guide the future development of exosome-targeted anti-tumor drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiwei Peng
- Department of General Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Anhui, Hefei, 230022, China
| | - Zhiwei Tong
- Department of General Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Anhui, Hefei, 230022, China
| | - Zihao Ren
- Department of General Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Anhui, Hefei, 230022, China
| | - Manping Ye
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Major Autoimmune Diseases, Anhui Institute of Innovative Drugs, School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, Anhui, Hefei, 230032, China
| | - Kongwang Hu
- Department of General Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Anhui, Hefei, 230022, China.
- Department of General Surgery, Fuyang Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Anhui, Fuyang, 236000, China.
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Jou E, Rodriguez-Rodriguez N, McKenzie ANJ. Emerging roles for IL-25 and IL-33 in colorectal cancer tumorigenesis. Front Immunol 2022; 13:981479. [PMID: 36263033 PMCID: PMC9573978 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.981479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2022] [Accepted: 09/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the second leading cause of cancer-related death worldwide, and is largely refractory to current immunotherapeutic interventions. The lack of efficacy of existing cancer immunotherapies in CRC reflects the complex nature of the unique intestinal immune environment, which serves to maintain barrier integrity against pathogens and harmful environmental stimuli while sustaining host-microbe symbiosis during homeostasis. With their expression by barrier epithelial cells, the cytokines interleukin-25 (IL-25) and IL-33 play key roles in intestinal immune responses, and have been associated with inappropriate allergic reactions, autoimmune diseases and cancer pathology. Studies in the past decade have begun to uncover the important roles of IL-25 and IL-33 in shaping the CRC tumour immune microenvironment, where they may promote or inhibit tumorigenesis depending on the specific CRC subtype. Notably, both IL-25 and IL-33 have been shown to act on group 2 innate lymphoid cells (ILC2s), but can also stimulate an array of other innate and adaptive immune cell types. Though sometimes their functions can overlap they can also produce distinct phenotypes dependent on the differential distribution of their receptor expression. Furthermore, both IL-25 and IL-33 modulate pathways previously known to contribute to CRC tumorigenesis, including angiogenesis, tumour stemness, invasion and metastasis. Here, we review our current understanding of IL-25 and IL-33 in CRC tumorigenesis, with specific focus on dissecting their individual function in the context of distinct subtypes of CRC, and the potential prospects for targeting these pathways in CRC immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric Jou
- MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Cambridge, United Kingdom
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10
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Yeoh WJ, Vu VP, Krebs P. IL-33 biology in cancer: An update and future perspectives. Cytokine 2022; 157:155961. [PMID: 35843125 DOI: 10.1016/j.cyto.2022.155961] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2021] [Revised: 05/03/2022] [Accepted: 07/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Interleukin-33 (IL-33) is a member of the IL-1 family of cytokines that is constitutively expressed in the nucleus of epithelial, endothelial and fibroblast-like cells. Upon cell stress, damage or necrosis, IL-33 is released into the cytoplasm to exert its prime role as an alarmin by binding to its specific receptor moiety, ST2. IL-33 exhibits pleiotropic function in inflammatory diseases and particularly in cancer. IL-33 may play a dual role as both a pro-tumorigenic and anti-tumorigenic cytokine, dependent on tumor and cellular context, expression levels, bioactivity and the nature of the inflammatory environment. In this review, we discuss the differential contribution of IL-33 to malignant or inflammatory conditions, its multifaceted effects on the tumor microenvironment, while providing possible explanations for the discrepant findings described in the literature. Additionally, we examine the emerging and divergent functions of IL-33 in the nucleus, and aspects of IL-33 biology that are currently under-addressed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen Jie Yeoh
- Institute of Pathology, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland; Graduate School for Cellular and Biomedical Sciences, University of Bern, Switzerland
| | - Vivian P Vu
- Institute of Pathology, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland; Graduate School for Cellular and Biomedical Sciences, University of Bern, Switzerland
| | - Philippe Krebs
- Institute of Pathology, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland.
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11
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Novoa Díaz MB, Martín MJ, Gentili C. Tumor microenvironment involvement in colorectal cancer progression via Wnt/β-catenin pathway: Providing understanding of the complex mechanisms of chemoresistance. World J Gastroenterol 2022; 28:3027-3046. [PMID: 36051330 PMCID: PMC9331520 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v28.i26.3027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2021] [Revised: 04/29/2022] [Accepted: 06/20/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) continues to be one of the main causes of death from cancer because patients progress unfavorably due to resistance to current therapies. Dysregulation of the Wnt/β-catenin pathway plays a fundamental role in the genesis and progression of several types of cancer, including CRC. In many subtypes of CRC, hyperactivation of the β-catenin pathway is associated with mutations of the adenomatous polyposis coli gene. However, it can also be associated with other causes. In recent years, studies of the tumor microenvironment (TME) have demonstrated its importance in the development and progression of CRC. In this tumor nest, several cell types, structures, and biomolecules interact with neoplastic cells to pave the way for the spread of the disease. Cross-communications between tumor cells and the TME are then established primarily through paracrine factors, which trigger the activation of numerous signaling pathways. Crucial advances in the field of oncology have been made in the last decade. This Minireview aims to actualize what is known about the central role of the Wnt/β-catenin pathway in CRC chemoresistance and aggressiveness, focusing on cross-communication between CRC cells and the TME. Through this analysis, our main objective was to increase the understanding of this complex disease considering a more global context. Since many treatments for advanced CRC fail due to mechanisms involving chemoresistance, the data here exposed and analyzed are of great interest for the development of novel and effective therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- María Belén Novoa Díaz
- Departamento de Biología, Bioquímica y Farmacia, Universidad Nacional del Sur (UNS)-INBIOSUR (CONICET-UNS), Bahía Blanca 8000, Argentina
| | - María Julia Martín
- Departamento de Biología, Bioquímica y Farmacia, Universidad Nacional del Sur (UNS)-INBIOSUR (CONICET-UNS), Bahía Blanca 8000, Argentina
- Departamento de Química, Universidad Nacional del Sur (UNS)-INQUISUR (CONICET-UNS), Bahía Blanca 8000, Argentina
| | - Claudia Gentili
- Departamento de Biología, Bioquímica y Farmacia, Universidad Nacional del Sur (UNS)-INBIOSUR (CONICET-UNS), Bahía Blanca 8000, Argentina
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12
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Sun R, Gao DS, Shoush J, Lu B. The IL-1 family in tumorigenesis and antitumor immunity. Semin Cancer Biol 2022; 86:280-295. [DOI: 10.1016/j.semcancer.2022.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2021] [Revised: 04/24/2022] [Accepted: 05/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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13
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Li C, Teixeira AF, Zhu HJ, Ten Dijke P. Cancer associated-fibroblast-derived exosomes in cancer progression. Mol Cancer 2021; 20:154. [PMID: 34852849 PMCID: PMC8638446 DOI: 10.1186/s12943-021-01463-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 127] [Impact Index Per Article: 42.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2021] [Accepted: 11/11/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
To identify novel cancer therapies, the tumor microenvironment (TME) has received a lot of attention in recent years in particular with the advent of clinical successes achieved by targeting immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs). The TME consists of multiple cell types that are embedded in the extracellular matrix (ECM), including immune cells, endothelial cells and cancer associated fibroblasts (CAFs), which communicate with cancer cells and each other during tumor progression. CAFs are a dominant and heterogeneous cell type within the TME with a pivotal role in controlling cancer cell invasion and metastasis, immune evasion, angiogenesis and chemotherapy resistance. CAFs mediate their effects in part by remodeling the ECM and by secreting soluble factors and extracellular vesicles. Exosomes are a subtype of extracellular vesicles (EVs), which contain various biomolecules such as nucleic acids, lipids, and proteins. The biomolecules in exosomes can be transmitted from one to another cell, and thereby affect the behavior of the receiving cell. As exosomes are also present in circulation, their contents can also be explored as biomarkers for the diagnosis and prognosis of cancer patients. In this review, we concentrate on the role of CAFs-derived exosomes in the communication between CAFs and cancer cells and other cells of the TME. First, we introduce the multiple roles of CAFs in tumorigenesis. Thereafter, we discuss the ways CAFs communicate with cancer cells and interplay with other cells of the TME, and focus in particular on the role of exosomes. Then, we elaborate on the mechanisms by which CAFs-derived exosomes contribute to cancer progression, as well as and the clinical impact of exosomes. We conclude by discussing aspects of exosomes that deserve further investigation, including emerging insights into making treatment with immune checkpoint inhibitor blockade more efficient.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Li
- Oncode Institute and Department of Cell and Chemical Biology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Adilson Fonseca Teixeira
- Department of Surgery, The Royal Melbourne Hospital, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Hong-Jian Zhu
- Department of Surgery, The Royal Melbourne Hospital, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Peter Ten Dijke
- Oncode Institute and Department of Cell and Chemical Biology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands.
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14
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Mulens-Arias V, Rojas JM, Barber DF. The Use of Iron Oxide Nanoparticles to Reprogram Macrophage Responses and the Immunological Tumor Microenvironment. Front Immunol 2021; 12:693709. [PMID: 34177955 PMCID: PMC8221395 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.693709] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2021] [Accepted: 05/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The synthesis and functionalization of iron oxide nanoparticles (IONPs) is versatile, which has enhanced the interest in studying them as theranostic agents over recent years. As IONPs begin to be used for different biomedical applications, it is important to know how they affect the immune system and its different cell types, especially their interaction with the macrophages that are involved in their clearance. How immune cells respond to therapeutic interventions can condition the systemic and local tissue response, and hence, the final therapeutic outcome. Thus, it is fundamental to understand the effects that IONPs have on the immune response, especially in cancer immunotherapy. The biological effects of IONPs may be the result of intrinsic features of their iron oxide core, inducing reactive oxygen species (ROS) and modulating intracellular redox and iron metabolism. Alternatively, their effects are driven by the nanoparticle coating, for example, through cell membrane receptor engagement. Indeed, exploiting these properties of IONPs could lead to the development of innovative therapies. In this review, after a presentation of the elements that make up the tumor immunological microenvironment, we will review and discuss what is currently known about the immunomodulatory mechanisms triggered by IONPs, mainly focusing on macrophage polarization and reprogramming. Consequently, we will discuss the implications of these findings in the context of plausible therapeutic scenarios for cancer immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vladimir Mulens-Arias
- Department of Immunology and Oncology, and NanoBiomedicine Initiative, Centro Nacional de Biotecnología (CNB)-CSIC, Madrid, Spain
| | - José Manuel Rojas
- Centro de Investigación en Sanidad Animal, Centro Nacional Instituto de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria (CISA-INIA)-CSIC, Valdeolmos, Madrid, Spain
| | - Domingo F Barber
- Department of Immunology and Oncology, and NanoBiomedicine Initiative, Centro Nacional de Biotecnología (CNB)-CSIC, Madrid, Spain
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15
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Cui G, Yuan A, Li Z, Goll R, Florholmen J. ST2 and regulatory T cells in the colorectal adenoma/carcinoma microenvironment: implications for diseases progression and prognosis. Sci Rep 2020; 10:5892. [PMID: 32246094 PMCID: PMC7125220 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-62502-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2019] [Accepted: 03/13/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
ST2 (also known as IL1RL1) is the critical functional receptor for interleukin (IL)-33 in stimulating regulatory T cell (Treg) expansion and function in physiological and pathological conditions. We examined the correlation between ST2 cell expression and FoxP3 positive Tregs in both colorectal adenoma and cancer (CRC) microenvironment by real-time PCR, immunohistochemistry (IHC) and double immunofluorescences. The clinicopathological and prognostic significance of cellular ST2-positive cells and FoxP3-positive Tregs in patients with adenoma and CRC were evaluated. Real-time PCR results revealed increased expression levels of ST2 and FoxP3 mRNAs in both adenoma and CRC tissues as compared with control tissues. IHC analysis confirmed increased densities of ST2-positive cells in both the adenoma/CRC epithelium and stroma, which show a close positive linear association with the densities of FoxP3-positive Tregs in respective compartments. Pathological feature analysis showed that densities of ST2-positive cells in the tumor stroma were notably associated with degree of dysplastic grading in patients with adenoma, and disease stages and lymph node metastasis in patients with CRC. Kaplan-Meier survival curves suggested that CRC patients with high densities of ST2-positive cells in the stroma tend to have a shorter overall survival. We therefore concluded that increased densities of ST2-postive cells relate to Treg accumulation within the adenoma/CRC microenvironment, suggesting the IL-33/ST2 pathway as a potential contributor for immunosuppressive milieu formation that impact disease stage and prognosis in patients with CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guanglin Cui
- Department of Gastroenterology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Henan, China. .,Faculty of Health Science, Nord University at Campus Levanger, Levanger, Norway.
| | - Aping Yuan
- Department of Gastroenterology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Henan, China
| | - Zhenfeng Li
- Department of Gastroenterology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Henan, China
| | - Rasmus Goll
- Department of Gastroenterology & Nutrition, University Hospital of North Norway, Tromsø, University of Tromsø, Tromsø, Norway
| | - Jon Florholmen
- Department of Gastroenterology & Nutrition, University Hospital of North Norway, Tromsø, University of Tromsø, Tromsø, Norway
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16
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Kudo-Saito C, Miyamoto T, Imazeki H, Shoji H, Aoki K, Boku N. IL33 Is a Key Driver of Treatment Resistance of Cancer. Cancer Res 2020; 80:1981-1990. [PMID: 32156776 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-19-2235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2019] [Revised: 10/10/2019] [Accepted: 03/04/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Recurrence and treatment resistance are major causes of cancer-associated death. There has been a growing interest in better understanding epithelial-mesenchymal transition, stemness of cancer cells, and exhaustion and dysfunction of the immune system for which numerous genomic, proteomic, microenvironmental, and immunologic mechanisms have been demonstrated. However, practical treatments for such patients have not yet been established. Here we identified IL33 as a key driver of polyploidy, followed by rapid proliferation after treatment. IL33 induction transformed tumor cells into polyploid giant cells, showing abnormal cell cycle without cell division accompanied by Snail deregulation and p53 inactivation; small progeny cells were generated in response to treatment stress. Simultaneously, soluble IL33 was released from tumor cells, leading to expansion of receptor ST2-expressing cells including IL17RB+GATA3+ cells, which promoted tumor progression and metastasis directly and indirectly via induction of immune exhaustion and dysfunction. Blocking IL33 with a specific mAb in murine IL33+ metastatic tumor models abrogated negative consequences and successfully elicited antitumor efficacy induced by other combined treatments. Ex vivo assays using tumor tissues and peripheral blood mononuclear cells of patients with cancer validated the clinical relevancy of these findings. Together, these data suggest that targeting the IL33-ST2 axis is a promising strategy for diagnosis and treatment of patients likely to be resistant to treatments in the clinical settings. SIGNIFICANCE: These findings indicate that the functional role of IL33 in cancer polyploidy contributes to intrinsic and extrinsic mechanisms underlying treatment failure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chie Kudo-Saito
- Department of Immune Medicine, National Cancer Center Research Institute, Tokyo, Japan.
| | - Takahiro Miyamoto
- Department of Immune Medicine, National Cancer Center Research Institute, Tokyo, Japan.,Division of Gastrointestinal Medical Oncology, National Cancer Center Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Imazeki
- Department of Immune Medicine, National Cancer Center Research Institute, Tokyo, Japan.,Division of Gastrointestinal Medical Oncology, National Cancer Center Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hirokazu Shoji
- Division of Gastrointestinal Medical Oncology, National Cancer Center Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kazunori Aoki
- Department of Immune Medicine, National Cancer Center Research Institute, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Narikazu Boku
- Division of Gastrointestinal Medical Oncology, National Cancer Center Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
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17
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Chen L, Wang G, Qiao X, Wang X, Liu J, Niu X, Zhong M. Downregulated miR-524-5p Participates in the Tumor Microenvironment of Ameloblastoma by Targeting the Interleukin-33 (IL-33)/Suppression of Tumorigenicity 2 (ST2) Axis. Med Sci Monit 2020; 26:e921863. [PMID: 31990904 PMCID: PMC6998793 DOI: 10.12659/msm.921863] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Ameloblastoma (AB) is a common odontogenic epithelial tumor, with locally invasive behavior and high recurrence. In this study, we hypothesized that miR-524-5p could be involved in the tumor microenvironment by targeting interleukin-33 (IL-33)/suppression of tumorigenicity 2 (ST2) in AB. Material/Methods The microRNA (miRNA) expression profile of AB tissues and normal oral mucosa tissues (NOM; 6 paired samples) was analyzed. The miRNAs with fold change ≥2 and P<0.05 were considered to be differentially expressed. Among them, downregulated miR-524-5p was verified by real-time qPCR. Potential targets of miR-524-5p were predicted by bioinformatics analysis. The expression levels of target genes were detected using real-time qPCR and Western blot, respectively. Immunohistochemistry analysis of target genes was performed, and we also assessed the correlation between miR-524-5p and its target. Results Microarray analysis results first indicated miR-524-5p is a downregulated miRNA in AB tissues. Real-time qPCR results confirmed the expression pattern of miR-524-5p in AB tissues. Moreover, IL-33 and its receptor ST2 were significantly overexpressed. As shown in immunohistochemistry results, IL-33 was positively expressed in lymphocytes and plasma cells, suggesting that IL-33/ST2 participates in tumor immune responses in the tumor microenvironment. Correlation analysis suggested that miR-524-5p expression was negatively correlated with IL-33/ST2. Conclusions Our findings reveal that downregulated miR-524-5p can participate in the tumor microenvironment of AB by targeting the IL-33/ST2 axis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lijie Chen
- Department of Oral Histopathology, School of Stomatology, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China (mainland)
| | - Guannan Wang
- Department of Oral Histopathology, School of Stomatology, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China (mainland)
| | - Xue Qiao
- Department of Central Laboratory, School of Stomatology, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China (mainland)
| | - Xiaobin Wang
- Department of Oral Histopathology, School of Stomatology, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China (mainland)
| | - Jinwen Liu
- Department of Oral Histopathology, School of Stomatology, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China (mainland)
| | - Xing Niu
- Department of Oral Histopathology, School of Stomatology, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China (mainland)
| | - Ming Zhong
- Department of Oral Histopathology, School of Stomatology, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China (mainland).,Department of Stomatology, Xiang'an Hospital of Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, China (mainland)
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