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Jenberie S, Nordli HR, Strandskog G, Greiner-Tollersrud L, Peñaranda MMD, Jørgensen JB, Jensen I. Virus-specific antibody secreting cells reside in the peritoneal cavity and systemic immune sites of Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) challenged intraperitoneally with salmonid alphavirus. DEVELOPMENTAL AND COMPARATIVE IMMUNOLOGY 2024; 157:105193. [PMID: 38729458 DOI: 10.1016/j.dci.2024.105193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2024] [Revised: 04/30/2024] [Accepted: 05/07/2024] [Indexed: 05/12/2024]
Abstract
The development and persistence of antibody secreting cells (ASC) after antigenic challenge remain inadequately understood in teleosts. In this study, intraperitoneal (ip) injection of Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) with salmonid alphavirus (WtSAV3) increased the total ASC response, peaking 3-6 weeks post injection (wpi) locally in the peritoneal cavity (PerC) and in systemic lymphoid tissues, while at 13 wpi the response was only elevated in PerC. At the same time point a specific ASC response was induced by WtSAV3 in PerC and systemic tissues, with the highest frequency in PerC, suggesting a local role. Inactivated SAV (InSAV1) induced comparatively lower ASC responses in all sites, and specific serum antibodies were only induced by WtSAV3 and not by InSAV1. An InSAV1 boost did not increase these responses. Expression of immune marker genes implies a role for PerC adipose tissue in the PerC immune response. Overall, the study suggests the Atlantic salmon PerC as a secondary immune site and an ASC survival niche.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiferaw Jenberie
- Norwegian College of Fishery Science, Faculty of Biosciences, Fisheries and Economics, UiT - The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
| | - Henriette Rogstad Nordli
- Norwegian College of Fishery Science, Faculty of Biosciences, Fisheries and Economics, UiT - The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
| | - Guro Strandskog
- Norwegian College of Fishery Science, Faculty of Biosciences, Fisheries and Economics, UiT - The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
| | - Linn Greiner-Tollersrud
- Norwegian College of Fishery Science, Faculty of Biosciences, Fisheries and Economics, UiT - The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
| | - Ma Michelle D Peñaranda
- Norwegian College of Fishery Science, Faculty of Biosciences, Fisheries and Economics, UiT - The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
| | - Jorunn B Jørgensen
- Norwegian College of Fishery Science, Faculty of Biosciences, Fisheries and Economics, UiT - The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
| | - Ingvill Jensen
- Norwegian College of Fishery Science, Faculty of Biosciences, Fisheries and Economics, UiT - The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway.
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2
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Jenberie S, van der Wal YA, Jensen I, Jørgensen JB. There and back again? A B cell's tale on responses and spatial distribution in teleosts. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2024; 148:109479. [PMID: 38467322 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2024.109479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2023] [Revised: 03/04/2024] [Accepted: 03/05/2024] [Indexed: 03/13/2024]
Abstract
Teleost B cells are of special interest due to their evolutionary position and involvement in vaccine-induced adaptive immune responses. While recent progress has revealed uneven distribution of B cell subsets across the various immune sites and that B cells are one of the early responders to infection, substantial knowledge gaps persist regarding their immunophenotypic profile, functional mechanisms, and what factors lead them to occupy different immune niches. This review aims to assess the current understanding of B cell diversity, their spatial distribution in various systemic and peripheral immune sites, how B cell responses initiate, the sites where these responses develop, their trafficking, and the locations where long-term B cell responses take place.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiferaw Jenberie
- Norwegian College of Fishery Science, Faculty of Biosciences, Fisheries and Economics, UiT - the Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway.
| | | | - Ingvill Jensen
- Norwegian College of Fishery Science, Faculty of Biosciences, Fisheries and Economics, UiT - the Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
| | - Jorunn B Jørgensen
- Norwegian College of Fishery Science, Faculty of Biosciences, Fisheries and Economics, UiT - the Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
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3
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Zapata AG. The fish spleen. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2024; 144:109280. [PMID: 38086514 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2023.109280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2023] [Revised: 12/05/2023] [Accepted: 12/06/2023] [Indexed: 12/31/2023]
Abstract
In the present study, we review the structure and function of fish spleen with special emphasis on its condition in Elasmobranchs, Teleosts and Lungfish. Apart from the amount of splenic lymphoid tissue, the histological organization of the organ ensures the existence of areas involved in antigen trapping, the ellipsoids, and exhibit numerous melano-macrophages which appear isolated or forming the so-called melano-macrophage centres. An extensive discussion on the functional significance of these centres conclude that they are mere accumulations of macrophages consequence of tissue homeostasis rather than primitive germinal centres, as proposed by some authors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agustín G Zapata
- Department of Cell Biology, Faculty of Biology, Complutense University, 28040, Madrid, Spain.
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4
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Lange MD, Churchman EM, Wise AL, Bruce TJ. A recombinant 9E1 monoclonal antibody binds membrane and soluble channel catfish immunoglobulin M. FISH AND SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY REPORTS 2023; 4:100086. [PMID: 36895760 PMCID: PMC9988478 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsirep.2023.100086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2023] [Revised: 02/02/2023] [Accepted: 02/16/2023] [Indexed: 02/19/2023] Open
Abstract
The development and validation of the recombinant 9E1 monoclonal antibody against channel catfish IgM is described. The variable heavy and light chain domains of the 9E1 hybridoma were cloned into murine IgG1 and IgK expression vectors. These expression plasmids were co-transfected into 293F cells and mature IgG was purified from culture supernatant. It is demonstrated that the recombinant 9E1 monoclonal antibody binds to soluble IgM in ELISA and ELISPOT assays and to membrane-bound IgM by immunofluorescence with different B-cell types. The recombinant 9E1 monoclonal antibody will be a valuable tool in the continued examination of the channel catfish adaptive immune system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miles D Lange
- United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Aquatic Animal Health Research Unit, Auburn, AL, USA
| | - Emily M Churchman
- Department of Biological Sciences, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, USA
| | - Allison L Wise
- School of Fisheries, Aquaculture, and Aquatic Sciences, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, USA
| | - Timothy J Bruce
- School of Fisheries, Aquaculture, and Aquatic Sciences, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, USA
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5
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Kayansamruaj P, Dinh-Hung N, Srisapoome P, Na-Nakorn U, Chatchaiphan S. Genomics-driven prophylactic measures to increase streptococcosis resistance in tilapia. JOURNAL OF FISH DISEASES 2023; 46:597-610. [PMID: 36708284 DOI: 10.1111/jfd.13763] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2022] [Revised: 01/09/2023] [Accepted: 01/11/2023] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
Streptococcosis caused by Streptococcus agalactiae and S. iniae is a significant problem that affects the success of tilapia aquaculture industries worldwide. In this critical review, we summarize the applicable practical strategies which may effectively enhance the world tilapia aquaculture development. Recently, the effect of vaccination and selective breeding programmes has been recognized as valuable tools to control the target disease and other consequent negative impacts caused by chemical and drug application. Advances in sequencing and molecular technologies are vital helpful factors with which to develop robust vaccines and increase the selective breeding programme's precision against streptococcosis. The genomic selection for streptococcosis-resistant tilapia strains and crucial genomic application for genomics' contribution to the development of novel Streptococcus vaccine, comparative genomics approach identifying vaccine candidates by reverse vaccinology, and next-generation vaccine design were described. Information from our review is encouraging for practical implementation of the development of vaccination and genomic selection in tilapia for streptococcosis resistance, which may be vital factors to sustain the world tilapia aquaculture industry effectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pattanapon Kayansamruaj
- Department of Aquaculture, Faculty of Fisheries, Kasetsart University, Bangkok, Thailand
- Center of Excellence in Aquatic Animal Health Management, Faculty of Fisheries, Kasetsart University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Nguyen Dinh-Hung
- Center of Excellence in Fish Infectious Diseases (CE FID), Department of Veterinary Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Prapansak Srisapoome
- Department of Aquaculture, Faculty of Fisheries, Kasetsart University, Bangkok, Thailand
- Center of Excellence in Aquatic Animal Health Management, Faculty of Fisheries, Kasetsart University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Uthairat Na-Nakorn
- Department of Aquaculture, Faculty of Fisheries, Kasetsart University, Bangkok, Thailand
- Academy of Science, The Royal Society of Thailand, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Satid Chatchaiphan
- Department of Aquaculture, Faculty of Fisheries, Kasetsart University, Bangkok, Thailand
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6
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Yang S, Ma Y, Lou X, Zhou Z, Zhang H, Yi S, Cheng Y, Qian S, Huang M, Fei H. The role of TNF-α in the phagocytosis of largemouth bass (Micropterus salmoides) leukocytes. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2023; 132:108488. [PMID: 36503056 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2022.108488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2022] [Revised: 11/04/2022] [Accepted: 12/07/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Phagocytosis is an important innate immune process in which immune cells recognize, ingest and eliminate pathogens. Largemouth bass (Micropterus salmoides) has become an important economic farmed fish in many regions, while few studies has focused on phagocytosis of its leucocytes. In present study, largemouth bass peripheral blood leucocytes were separated using Percoll gradient to establish the phagocytic function. Flow cytometric analysis showed that largemouth bass leukocytes exhibited the phagocytic capacity to fluoresbrite microspheres and Aeromonas hydrophila, where higher phagocytic capacity to A. hydrophila were observed in granulocytes/monocytes than that of lymphocytes. The leukocytes engulfing fluoresbrite microspheres and A. hydrophila were also observed by fluorescence microscopy. Besides, manygenes associated with phagocytosis and TNF-α in leukocytes were up-regulated following A. hydrophila stimulation. Subsequently, the largemouth bass TNF-α was recombinantly expressed to investigate its role in regulating phagocytosis. The results showed that TNF-α in largemouth bass could significantly enhance the phagocytic ability of granulocytes/monocytes to A. hydrophila, but not lymphocytes. Moreover, we also found that TNF-α could not only significantly increase the ROS activity of granulocytes/monocytes, but also had the function of inducing its apoptosis. These results demonstrated that granulocytes/monocytes play more important role in phagocytosis, meanwhile, TNF-α has the function of enhancing the phagocytic ability of granulocytes/monocytes in largemouth bass.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shun Yang
- College of Life Sciences and Medicine, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, 310018, China; Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Silkworm Bioreactor and Biomedicine, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, 310018, China
| | - Yuanxin Ma
- College of Life Sciences and Medicine, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, 310018, China
| | - Xiaocong Lou
- College of Life Sciences and Medicine, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, 310018, China
| | - Zhewei Zhou
- Zhejiang Development &Planning Institute, Hangzhou, 310012, China
| | - Huimin Zhang
- College of Life Sciences and Medicine, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, 310018, China
| | - Shunfa Yi
- College of Life Sciences and Medicine, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, 310018, China
| | - Yan Cheng
- College of Life Sciences and Medicine, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, 310018, China
| | - Shichao Qian
- Huzhou Baijiayu Biotech Co., Ltd, 313000, Huzhou, China
| | - Mengmeng Huang
- College of Life Sciences and Medicine, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, 310018, China; Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Silkworm Bioreactor and Biomedicine, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, 310018, China
| | - Hui Fei
- College of Life Sciences and Medicine, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, 310018, China; Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Silkworm Bioreactor and Biomedicine, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, 310018, China.
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7
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Zimmerman LM. Adaptive Immunity in Reptiles: Conventional Components but Unconventional Strategies. Integr Comp Biol 2022; 62:1572-1583. [PMID: 35482599 DOI: 10.1093/icb/icac022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2022] [Revised: 04/25/2022] [Accepted: 04/25/2022] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Recent studies have established that the innate immune system of reptiles is broad and robust, but the question remains: What role does the reptilian adaptive immune system play? Conventionally, adaptive immunity is described as involving T and B lymphocytes that display variable receptors, is highly specific, improves over the course of the response, and produces a memory response. While reptiles do have B and T lymphocytes that utilize variable receptors, their adaptive response is relatively non-specific, generates a prolonged antibody response, and does not produce a typical memory response. This alternative adaptive strategy may allow reptiles to produce a broad adaptive response that complements a strong innate system. Further studies into reptile adaptive immunity cannot only clarify outstanding questions on the reptilian immune system but can shed light on a number of important immunological concepts, including the evolution of the immune system and adaptive immune responses that take place outside of germinal centers.
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8
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Lympho-Hematopoietic Microenvironments and Fish Immune System. BIOLOGY 2022; 11:biology11050747. [PMID: 35625475 PMCID: PMC9138301 DOI: 10.3390/biology11050747] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2022] [Revised: 05/10/2022] [Accepted: 05/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Simple Summary Teleost fish, the most abundant group of vertebrates, represent an excellent tool to establish possible correlations between the histological organization of their lymphoid organs and their immunological capacities. This approach allows us to analyze embryonic and larval lymphopoiesis, the remarkable organization of the teleost thymus, the role of the kidney as a true equivalent of the lympho-hematopoietic bone marrow of higher vertebrates, the mechanisms of antigen trapping in both ellipsoids and the so-called melano-macrophage centers (MMCs) and their relation with the generation of memory and the lack of germinal centers, and the extended development of the lymphoid tissue associated to mucosae. Abstract In the last 50 years information on the fish immune system has increased importantly, particularly that on species of marked commercial interest (i.e., salmonids, cods, catfish, sea breams), that occupy a key position in the vertebrate phylogenetical tree (i.e., Agnatha, Chondrichtyes, lungfish) or represent consolidated experimental models, such as zebrafish or medaka. However, most obtained information was based on genetic sequence analysis with little or no information on the cellular basis of the immune responses. Although jawed fish contain a thymus and lympho-hematopoietic organs equivalents to mammalian bone marrow, few studies have accounted for the presumptive relationships between the organization of these cell microenvironments and the known immune capabilities of the fish immune system. In the current review, we analyze this topic providing information on: (1) The origins of T and B lymphopoiesis in Agnatha and jawed fish; (2) the remarkable organization of the thymus of teleost fish; (3) the occurrence of numerous, apparently unrelated organs housing lympho-hematopoietic progenitors and, presumably, B lymphopoiesis; (4) the existence of fish immunological memory in the absence of germinal centers.
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9
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Wang J, Wu CS, Hu YZ, Yang L, Zhang XJ, Zhang YA. Plasmablasts induced by chitosan oligosaccharide secrete natural IgM to enhance the humoral immunity in grass carp. Carbohydr Polym 2022; 281:119073. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2021.119073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2021] [Revised: 12/13/2021] [Accepted: 12/27/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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10
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van der Wal YA, Jenberie S, Nordli H, Greiner-Tollersrud L, Kool J, Jensen I, Jørgensen JB. The importance of the Atlantic salmon peritoneal cavity B cell response: Local IgM secreting cells are predominant upon Piscirickettsia salmonis infection. DEVELOPMENTAL AND COMPARATIVE IMMUNOLOGY 2021; 123:104125. [PMID: 34087290 DOI: 10.1016/j.dci.2021.104125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2021] [Revised: 05/01/2021] [Accepted: 05/01/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The intraperitoneal route is favored for administration of inactivated and attenuated vaccines in Atlantic salmon. Nevertheless, the immune responses in the teleost peritoneal cavity (PerC) are still incompletely defined. In this study, we investigated the B cell responses after intraperitoneal Piscirickettsia salmonis (P. salmonis) challenge of Atlantic salmon, focusing on the local PerC response versus responses in the lymphatic organs: spleen and head kidney. We observed a major increase of leukocytes, total IgM antibody secreting cells (ASC), and P. salmonis-specific ASC in the PerC at 3- and 6-weeks post infection (wpi). The increase in ASC frequency was more prominent in the spleen and PerC compared to the head kidney during the observed 6 wpi. The serum antibody response included P. salmonis-specific antibodies and non-specific antibodies recognizing the non-related bacterial pathogen Yersinia ruckeri and the model antigen TNP-KLH. Finally, we present evidence that supports a putative role for the adipose tissue in the PerC immune response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yorick A van der Wal
- Vaxxinova Research & Development GmbH, Münster, Germany; Norwegian College of Fishery Science, Faculty of Biosciences, Fisheries & Economics, UiT the Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
| | - Shiferaw Jenberie
- Norwegian College of Fishery Science, Faculty of Biosciences, Fisheries & Economics, UiT the Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
| | - Henriette Nordli
- Norwegian College of Fishery Science, Faculty of Biosciences, Fisheries & Economics, UiT the Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
| | - Linn Greiner-Tollersrud
- Norwegian College of Fishery Science, Faculty of Biosciences, Fisheries & Economics, UiT the Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
| | - Jaap Kool
- Vaxxinova Research & Development GmbH, Münster, Germany
| | - Ingvill Jensen
- Norwegian College of Fishery Science, Faculty of Biosciences, Fisheries & Economics, UiT the Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
| | - Jorunn B Jørgensen
- Norwegian College of Fishery Science, Faculty of Biosciences, Fisheries & Economics, UiT the Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway.
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11
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Vargas D, Vallejos-Vidal E, Reyes-Cerpa S, Oyarzún-Arrau A, Acuña-Castillo C, Imarai M, Reyes-López FE, Sandino AM. The Analysis of Live-Attenuated Piscirickettsia salmonis Vaccine Reveals the Short-Term Upregulation of Innate and Adaptive Immune Genes in Atlantic Salmon ( Salmo salar): An In Situ Open-Sea Cages Study. Microorganisms 2021; 9:microorganisms9040703. [PMID: 33805284 PMCID: PMC8066903 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms9040703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2021] [Revised: 03/23/2021] [Accepted: 03/25/2021] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Piscirickettsia salmonis, the etiological agent of the Salmon Rickettsial Septicemia (SRS), is one the most serious health problems for the Chilean salmon industry. Typical antimicrobial strategies used against P. salmonis include antibiotics and vaccines, but these applications have largely failed. A few years ago, the first attenuated-live vaccine against SRS (ALPHA JECT LiVac® SRS vaccine) was released to the market. However, there is no data about the agents involved in the activation of the immune response induced under field conditions. Therefore, in this study we evaluated the expression profile of a set of gene markers related to innate and adaptive immunity in the context of a cellular response in Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) reared under productive farm conditions and immunized with a live-attenuated vaccine against P. salmonis. We analyzed the expression at zero, 5-, 15- and 45-days post-vaccination (dpv). Our results reveal that the administration of the attenuated live SRS LiVac vaccine induces a short-term upregulation of the cellular-mediated immune response at 5 dpv modulated by the upregulation of ifnα, ifnγ, and the cd4 and cd8α T cell surface markers. In addition, we also registered the upregulation of il-10 and tgfβ. Altogether, the results suggest that a balanced activation of the immune response took place only at early times post-vaccination (5 dpv). The scope of this short-term upregulation of the cellular-mediated immune response against a natural outbreak in fish subjected to productive farm conditions deserves further research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deborah Vargas
- Consorcio Tecnológico de Sanidad Acuícola, Ictio Biotechnologies S.A., 7500652 Santiago, Chile; (D.V.); (A.O.-A.); (M.I.)
- Departamento de Biología, Facultad de Química y Biología, Universidad de Santiago de Chile, 9170002 Santiago, Chile;
| | - Eva Vallejos-Vidal
- Centro de Biotecnología Acuícola, Facultad de Química y Biología, Universidad de Santiago de Chile, 9170002 Santiago, Chile;
| | - Sebastián Reyes-Cerpa
- Centro de Genómica y Bioinformática, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Mayor, 8580745 Santiago, Chile;
- Escuela de Biotecnología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Mayor, 8580745 Santiago, Chile
| | - Aarón Oyarzún-Arrau
- Consorcio Tecnológico de Sanidad Acuícola, Ictio Biotechnologies S.A., 7500652 Santiago, Chile; (D.V.); (A.O.-A.); (M.I.)
| | - Claudio Acuña-Castillo
- Departamento de Biología, Facultad de Química y Biología, Universidad de Santiago de Chile, 9170002 Santiago, Chile;
- Centro de Biotecnología Acuícola, Facultad de Química y Biología, Universidad de Santiago de Chile, 9170002 Santiago, Chile;
| | - Mónica Imarai
- Consorcio Tecnológico de Sanidad Acuícola, Ictio Biotechnologies S.A., 7500652 Santiago, Chile; (D.V.); (A.O.-A.); (M.I.)
- Departamento de Biología, Facultad de Química y Biología, Universidad de Santiago de Chile, 9170002 Santiago, Chile;
- Centro de Biotecnología Acuícola, Facultad de Química y Biología, Universidad de Santiago de Chile, 9170002 Santiago, Chile;
| | - Felipe E. Reyes-López
- Consorcio Tecnológico de Sanidad Acuícola, Ictio Biotechnologies S.A., 7500652 Santiago, Chile; (D.V.); (A.O.-A.); (M.I.)
- Department of Cell Biology, Physiology and Immunology, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Bellaterra, Spain
- Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Agronomía, Universidad de Las Américas, 7500975 Providencia, Chile
- Correspondence: (F.E.R.-L.); (A.M.S.)
| | - Ana María Sandino
- Consorcio Tecnológico de Sanidad Acuícola, Ictio Biotechnologies S.A., 7500652 Santiago, Chile; (D.V.); (A.O.-A.); (M.I.)
- Departamento de Biología, Facultad de Química y Biología, Universidad de Santiago de Chile, 9170002 Santiago, Chile;
- Centro de Biotecnología Acuícola, Facultad de Química y Biología, Universidad de Santiago de Chile, 9170002 Santiago, Chile;
- Correspondence: (F.E.R.-L.); (A.M.S.)
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12
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Navelsaker S, Magadan S, Jouneau L, Quillet E, Olesen NJ, Munang'andu HM, Boudinot P, Evensen Ø. Sequential Immunization With Heterologous Viruses Does Not Result in Attrition of the B Cell Memory in Rainbow Trout. Front Immunol 2019; 10:2687. [PMID: 31824488 PMCID: PMC6882293 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.02687] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2019] [Accepted: 10/31/2019] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Long-term immunity is of great importance for protection against pathogens and has been extensively studied in mammals. Successive heterologous infections can affect the maintenance of immune memory, inducing attrition of T memory cells and diminishing B cell mediated protection. In fish, the basis of immune memory and the mechanisms of immunization to heterologous pathogens remain poorly understood. We sequentially immunized isogenic rainbow trout with two immunologically distinct viruses, VHSV and IPNV, either with one virus only or in combination, and analyzed the antibody responses and repertoires. Neutralizing antibodies and ELISPOT did not reveal an effect of heterologous immunization. Using a consensus read sequencing approach that incorporates unique barcodes to each cDNA molecule, we focused on the diversity expressed by selected responding VH/C combinations. We identified both public and private responses against VHSV and/or IPNV in all groups of fish. In fish immunized with two viruses, we registered no significant reduction in the persistence of the response toward the primary immunization. Similarly, the response to the second immunization was not affected by a prior vaccination to the other virus. Our data suggest that heterologous immunization does not enforce attrition of pre-existing antibody producing cells, which may impair the protection afforded by multiple successive vaccinations. These observations are potentially important to improve vaccination strategies practiced in aquaculture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sofie Navelsaker
- Department of Basic Sciences and Aquatic Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Oslo, Norway
| | - Susana Magadan
- VIM, INRA Centre Jouy-en-Josas, Jouy-en-Josas, France.,Centro de Investigaciones Biomédicas (CINBIO), University of Vigo, Vigo, Spain
| | - Luc Jouneau
- VIM, INRA Centre Jouy-en-Josas, Jouy-en-Josas, France
| | - Edwige Quillet
- GABI, INRA, AgroParisTech, Université Paris-Saclay, Jouy-en-Josas, France
| | - Niels J Olesen
- DTU Veterinary Institute, Technical University of Denmark, Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
| | | | | | - Øystein Evensen
- Department of Basic Sciences and Aquatic Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Oslo, Norway
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