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Stock AJ, Gonzalez Paredes P, de Almeida LP, Kosanke SD, Chetlur S, Budde H, Wakenight P, Zwingman TA, Rosen AB, Allenspach EJ, Millen KJ, Buckner JH, Rawlings DJ, Gorman JA. The IFIH1-A946T risk variant promotes diabetes in a sex-dependent manner. Front Immunol 2024; 15:1349601. [PMID: 38487540 PMCID: PMC10937421 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1349601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2023] [Accepted: 02/14/2024] [Indexed: 03/17/2024] Open
Abstract
Type 1 diabetes (T1D) is an autoimmune disease in which pancreatic islet β-cells are attacked by the immune system, resulting in insulin deficiency and hyperglycemia. One of the top non-synonymous single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) associated with T1D is in the interferon-induced helicase C domain-containing protein 1 (IFIH1), which encodes an anti-viral cytosolic RNA sensor. This SNP results in an alanine to threonine substitution at amino acid 946 (IFIH1A946T) and confers an increased risk for several autoimmune diseases, including T1D. We hypothesized that the IFIH1A946T risk variant, (IFIH1R) would promote T1D pathogenesis by stimulating type I interferon (IFN I) signaling leading to immune cell alterations. To test this, we developed Ifih1R knock-in mice on the non-obese diabetic (NOD) mouse background, a spontaneous T1D model. Our results revealed a modest increase in diabetes incidence and insulitis in Ifih1R compared to non-risk Ifih1 (Ifih1NR) mice and a significant acceleration of diabetes onset in Ifih1R females. Ifih1R mice exhibited a significantly enhanced interferon stimulated gene (ISG) signature compared to Ifih1NR, indicative of increased IFN I signaling. Ifih1R mice exhibited an increased frequency of plasma cells as well as tissue-dependent changes in the frequency and activation of CD8+ T cells. Our results indicate that IFIH1R may contribute to T1D pathogenesis by altering the frequency and activation of immune cells. These findings advance our knowledge on the connection between the rs1990760 variant and T1D. Further, these data are the first to demonstrate effects of Ifih1R in NOD mice, which will be important to consider for the development of therapeutics for T1D.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanda J. Stock
- Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Arthritis & Clinical Immunology, Oklahoma City, OK, United States
| | - Pierina Gonzalez Paredes
- Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Arthritis & Clinical Immunology, Oklahoma City, OK, United States
| | | | - Stanley D. Kosanke
- Heartland Veterinary Pathology Services, PLLC, Edmond, OK, United States
| | - Srinivaas Chetlur
- Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Arthritis & Clinical Immunology, Oklahoma City, OK, United States
| | - Hannah Budde
- Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Arthritis & Clinical Immunology, Oklahoma City, OK, United States
| | - Paul Wakenight
- Seattle Children’s Research Institute, Center for Integrative Brain Research, Seattle, WA, United States
| | - Theresa A. Zwingman
- Seattle Children’s Research Institute, Center for Integrative Brain Research, Seattle, WA, United States
| | - Aaron B.I. Rosen
- Seattle Children’s Research Institute, Center for Immunity and Immunotherapies, Seattle, WA, United States
| | - Eric J. Allenspach
- Seattle Children’s Research Institute, Center for Immunity and Immunotherapies, Seattle, WA, United States
- Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States
| | - Kathleen J. Millen
- Seattle Children’s Research Institute, Center for Integrative Brain Research, Seattle, WA, United States
- Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States
| | - Jane H. Buckner
- Benaroya Research Institute at Virginia Mason, Center for Translational Immunology, Seattle, WA, United States
| | - David J. Rawlings
- Seattle Children’s Research Institute, Center for Immunity and Immunotherapies, Seattle, WA, United States
- Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States
| | - Jacquelyn A. Gorman
- Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Arthritis & Clinical Immunology, Oklahoma City, OK, United States
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Stock AJ, Gonzalez-Paredes P, Previato de Almeida L, Kosanke SD, Chetlur S, Budde H, Wakenight P, Zwingman TA, Rosen AB, Allenspach E, Millen KJ, Buckner JH, Rawlings DJ, Gorman JA. The IFIH1-A946T risk variant promotes diabetes in a sex-dependent manner. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.01.20.576482. [PMID: 38328221 PMCID: PMC10849491 DOI: 10.1101/2024.01.20.576482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/09/2024]
Abstract
Type 1 diabetes (T1D) is an autoimmune disease in which pancreatic islet β-cells are attacked by the immune system, resulting in insulin deficiency and hyperglycemia. One of the top non-synonymous single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) associated with T1D is in the interferon-induced helicase C domain-containing protein 1 ( IFIH1 ), which encodes an anti-viral cytosolic RNA sensor. This SNP results in an alanine to threonine substitution at amino acid 946 (IFIH1 A946T ) and confers an increased risk for several autoimmune diseases, including T1D. We hypothesized that the IFIH1 A946T risk variant, ( IFIH1 R ) would promote T1D pathogenesis by stimulating type I interferon (IFN I) signaling leading to immune cell alterations. To test this, we developed Ifih1 R knock-in mice on the non-obese diabetic (NOD) mouse background, a spontaneous T1D model. Our results revealed a modest increase in diabetes incidence and insulitis in Ifih1 R compared to non-risk Ifih1 ( Ifih1 NR ) mice and a significant acceleration of diabetes onset in Ifih1 R females. Ifih1 R mice exhibited a significantly enhanced interferon stimulated gene (ISG) signature compared to Ifih1 NR , indicative of increased IFN I signaling. Ifih1 R mice exhibited an increased frequency of plasma cells as well as tissue-dependent changes in the frequency and activation of CD8 + T cells. Our results indicate that IFIH1 R may contribute to T1D pathogenesis by altering the frequency and activation of immune cells. These findings advance our knowledge on the connection between the rs1990760 variant and T1D. Further, these data are the first to demonstrate effects of Ifih1 R in NOD mice, which will be important to consider for the development of therapeutics for T1D.
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Kirak O, Ke E, Yang KY, Schwarz A, Plate L, Nham A, Abadejos JR, Valencia A, Wiseman RL, Lui KO, Ku M. Premature Activation of Immune Transcription Programs in Autoimmune-Predisposed Mouse Embryonic Stem Cells and Blastocysts. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21165743. [PMID: 32796510 PMCID: PMC7460978 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21165743] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2020] [Revised: 07/27/2020] [Accepted: 08/07/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Autoimmune diabetes is a complex multifactorial disease with genetic and environmental factors playing pivotal roles. While many genes associated with the risk of diabetes have been identified to date, the mechanisms by which external triggers contribute to the genetic predisposition remain unclear. Here, we derived embryonic stem (ES) cell lines from diabetes-prone non-obese diabetic (NOD) and healthy C57BL/6 (B6) mice. While overall pluripotency markers were indistinguishable between newly derived NOD and B6 ES cells, we discovered several differentially expressed genes that normally are not expressed in ES cells. Several genes that reside in previously identified insulin-dependent diabetics (Idd) genomic regions were up-regulated in NOD ES cells. Gene set enrichment analysis showed that different groups of genes associated with immune functions are differentially expressed in NOD. Transcriptomic analysis of NOD blastocysts validated several differentially overexpressed Idd genes compared to B6. Genome-wide mapping of active histone modifications using ChIP-Seq supports active expression as the promoters and enhancers of activated genes are also marked by active histone modifications. We have also found that NOD ES cells secrete more inflammatory cytokines. Our data suggest that the known genetic predisposition of NOD to autoimmune diabetes leads to epigenetic instability of several Idd regions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oktay Kirak
- Department of Immunology and Microbial Science, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA; (A.S.); (A.N.); (J.R.A.); (A.V.)
- Division of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Medical Center—University of Freiburg, Mathildenstraße 1, 79106 Freiburg, Germany
- Correspondence: (O.K.); (M.K.)
| | - Eugene Ke
- Salk Institute for Biological Studies, 10010 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA;
| | - Kevin Y. Yang
- Department of Chemical Pathology and Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, Prince of Wales Hospital, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China; (K.Y.Y.); (K.O.L.)
| | - Anna Schwarz
- Department of Immunology and Microbial Science, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA; (A.S.); (A.N.); (J.R.A.); (A.V.)
| | - Lars Plate
- Department of Molecular Medicine, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA; (L.P.); (R.L.W.)
| | - Amy Nham
- Department of Immunology and Microbial Science, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA; (A.S.); (A.N.); (J.R.A.); (A.V.)
| | - Justin R. Abadejos
- Department of Immunology and Microbial Science, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA; (A.S.); (A.N.); (J.R.A.); (A.V.)
| | - Anna Valencia
- Department of Immunology and Microbial Science, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA; (A.S.); (A.N.); (J.R.A.); (A.V.)
| | - R. Luke Wiseman
- Department of Molecular Medicine, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA; (L.P.); (R.L.W.)
| | - Kathy O. Lui
- Department of Chemical Pathology and Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, Prince of Wales Hospital, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China; (K.Y.Y.); (K.O.L.)
| | - Manching Ku
- Division of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Medical Center—University of Freiburg, Mathildenstraße 1, 79106 Freiburg, Germany
- Correspondence: (O.K.); (M.K.)
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