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Sun J, Sun M, Li X, Xie Q, Zhang W, Wang M. MicroRNA‑155‑5p affects regulatory T cell activation and immunosuppressive function by targeting BCL10 in myasthenia gravis. Exp Ther Med 2024; 27:6. [PMID: 38223327 PMCID: PMC10785013 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2023.12293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2023] [Accepted: 10/20/2023] [Indexed: 01/16/2024] Open
Abstract
The imbalance in immune homeostasis plays a crucial role in the pathogenesis of myasthenia gravis (MG). MicroRNAs (miRs) have been identified as key regulators of immune homeostasis. B-cell lymphoma/leukemia 10 (BCL10) has been implicated in the activation and suppressive function of regulatory T cells (Tregs). This study aimed to investigate the potential role of miR-155-5p in modulating the activation and function of Tregs in MG. To achieve this objective, blood samples were collected from MG patients to assess the expression levels of miR-155-5p and BCL10, as well as the proportion of circulating Tregs, in comparison to healthy controls. The correlation between miR-155-5p and BCL10 levels was evaluated in human samples. The expression levels of miR-155-5p and the numbers of circulating Tregs were also examined in an animal model of experimental autoimmune MG (EAMG). A dual-luciferase reporter assay was used to verify whether miR-155-5p can target BCL10. To determine the regulatory function of BCL10 in Tregs, CD4+ CD25+ Tregs were transfected with either small interfering-BCL10 or miR-155-5p inhibitor, and the expression levels of the anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-10 and transcription factors Foxp3, TGF-β1, CTLA4, and ICOS were measured. The results demonstrated that the expression level of miR-155-5p was significantly higher in patients with MG compared with that in healthy controls, whereas the expression level of BCL10 was significantly decreased in patients with MG. Furthermore, there was a significant negative correlation between the expression levels of miR-155-5p and BCL10. The number of circulating Tregs was significantly reduced in patients with MG and in the spleen of rats with EAMG compared with that in the corresponding control groups. The dual-luciferase reporter assay demonstrated that miR-155-5p could target BCL10. The Tregs transfected with si-BCL10 demonstrated significant decreases in the protein levels of TGF-β1 and IL-10, as well as in the mRNA expression levels of Foxp3, TGF-β1, CTLA-4 and ICOS. Conversely, the Tregs transfected with the miR-155-5p inhibitor exhibited a substantial increase in these protein and mRNA expression levels compared with their respective control groups. Furthermore, the knockdown of BCL10 exhibited a decline in the suppressive efficacy of Tregs on the proliferation of CD4+ T cells. Conversely, the suppression of miR-155-5p expression attenuated the inhibition of the BCL10 gene, potentially causing an indirect influence on the suppressive capability of Tregs on the proliferation of CD4+ T cells. BCL10 was thus found to contribute to the activation and immunosuppressive function of Tregs. In summary, the present study demonstrated that miR-155-5p inhibited the activation and immunosuppressive function of Tregs by targeting BCL10, which may be used as a future potential target for the treatment of MG.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Sun
- Department of Neurology, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, Gansu 730030, P.R. China
| | - Mengjiao Sun
- Department of Neurology, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, Gansu 730030, P.R. China
| | - Xiaoling Li
- Department of Neurology, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, Gansu 730030, P.R. China
| | - Qinfang Xie
- Department of Neurology, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, Gansu 730030, P.R. China
| | - Wenjing Zhang
- Department of Neurology, Qinghai Provincial People's Hospital, Xining, Qinghai 810007, P.R. China
| | - Manxia Wang
- Department of Neurology, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, Gansu 730030, P.R. China
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Oxidative stress, mitochondrial dysfunction, and respiratory chain enzyme defects in inflammatory myopathies. Autoimmun Rev 2023; 22:103308. [PMID: 36822387 DOI: 10.1016/j.autrev.2023.103308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2023] [Accepted: 02/19/2023] [Indexed: 02/24/2023]
Abstract
We investigated the relationship between oxidative stress and inflammatory myopathies. We searched in the current literature the role of mitochondria and respiratory chain defects as sources of oxidative stress and reactive oxygen species production that led to muscle weakness and fatigue. Different molecules and pathways contribute to redox milieu, reactive oxygen species generation, accumulation of misfolded and carbonylated proteins that lose their ability to fulfil cellular activities. Small peptides and physical techniques proved, in mice models, to reduce oxidative stress. We focused on inclusion body myositis, as a major expression of myopathy related to oxidative stress, where mitochondrial abnormalities are causative agents as well. We described the effect of physical exercise in inclusion body myositis that showed to increase strength and to reduce beta amyloid accumulation with subsequent improvement of the mitochondrial functions. We illustrated the influence of epigenetic control on the immune system by non-coding genetic material in the interaction between oxidative stress and inflammatory myopathies.
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Sikorski PM, Kusner LL, Kaminski HJ. Myasthenia Gravis. Clin Immunol 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-7020-8165-1.00065-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/08/2023]
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miRNAs as the important regulators of myasthenia gravis: involvement of major cytokines and immune cells. Immunol Res 2022; 71:153-163. [PMID: 36396903 DOI: 10.1007/s12026-022-09342-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2022] [Accepted: 11/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Myasthenia gravis (MG) is a type of muscle paralysis created by immune responses against acetylcholine receptor proteins in neuromuscular synapses. This disease is characterized by muscle weakness, especially ocular weakness symptoms that could be ptosis (fall of the upper eyelid) or diplopia (double vision of a single object). Some patients also identified with speech and swallowing problems. The main goals of MG therapeutic approaches are to achieve remission, reduce symptoms, and improve life quality. Recently, other studies have revealed the potential role of various microRNAs (miRNAs) in the development of MG through different mechanisms and have proposed these molecules as effective biomarkers for the treatment of MG. This review was aimed at providing an overview of the critical regulatory roles of various miRNAs in the pathogenesis of this autoimmune disease focusing on human MG studies and the interaction between different miRNAs with important cytokines and immune cells during the development of this autoimmune disease.
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Rojas-Pirela M, Andrade-Alviárez D, Medina L, Castillo C, Liempi A, Guerrero-Muñoz J, Ortega Y, Maya JD, Rojas V, Quiñones W, Michels PA, Kemmerling U. MicroRNAs: master regulators in host-parasitic protist interactions. Open Biol 2022; 12:210395. [PMID: 35702995 PMCID: PMC9198802 DOI: 10.1098/rsob.210395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are a group of small non-coding RNAs present in a wide diversity of organisms. MiRNAs regulate gene expression at a post-transcriptional level through their interaction with the 3' untranslated regions of target mRNAs, inducing translational inhibition or mRNA destabilization and degradation. Thus, miRNAs regulate key biological processes, such as cell death, signal transduction, development, cellular proliferation and differentiation. The dysregulation of miRNAs biogenesis and function is related to the pathogenesis of diseases, including parasite infection. Moreover, during host-parasite interactions, parasites and host miRNAs determine the probability of infection and progression of the disease. The present review is focused on the possible role of miRNAs in the pathogenesis of diseases of clinical interest caused by parasitic protists. In addition, the potential role of miRNAs as targets for the design of drugs and diagnostic and prognostic markers of parasitic diseases is also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maura Rojas-Pirela
- Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Santiago de Chile 8380453, Chile,Instituto de Biología, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Valparaíso, Valparaíso 2373223, Chile,Facultad de Farmacia y Bioanálisis, Universidad de Los Andes, Mérida, Venezuela
| | - Diego Andrade-Alviárez
- Laboratorio de Enzimología de Parásitos, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Los Andes, Mérida, Venezuela
| | - Lisvaneth Medina
- Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Santiago de Chile 8380453, Chile
| | - Christian Castillo
- Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Santiago de Chile 8380453, Chile,Núcleo de Investigación Aplicada en Ciencias Veterinarias y Agronómicas, Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Agronomía, Universidad de Las Américas, Chile
| | - Ana Liempi
- Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Santiago de Chile 8380453, Chile
| | - Jesús Guerrero-Muñoz
- Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Santiago de Chile 8380453, Chile
| | - Yessica Ortega
- Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Santiago de Chile 8380453, Chile,Facultad de Farmacia y Bioanálisis, Universidad de Los Andes, Mérida, Venezuela
| | - Juan Diego Maya
- Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Santiago de Chile 8380453, Chile
| | - Verónica Rojas
- Instituto de Biología, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Valparaíso, Valparaíso 2373223, Chile
| | - Wilfredo Quiñones
- Laboratorio de Enzimología de Parásitos, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Los Andes, Mérida, Venezuela
| | - Paul A. Michels
- Centre for Immunity, Infection and Evolution and Centre for Translational and Chemical Biology, School of Biological Sciences, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH9 3FL, UK
| | - Ulrike Kemmerling
- Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Santiago de Chile 8380453, Chile
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Iaiza A, Tito C, Ganci F, Sacconi A, Gallo E, Masciarelli S, Fontemaggi G, Fatica A, Melis E, Petrozza V, Venuta F, Marino M, Blandino G, Fazi F. Long Non-Coding RNAs in the Cell Fate Determination of Neoplastic Thymic Epithelial Cells. Front Immunol 2022; 13:867181. [PMID: 35529877 PMCID: PMC9073009 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.867181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2022] [Accepted: 03/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Thymic Epithelial Tumors (TETs) arise from epithelial cells of the thymus and are very rare neoplasms comprising Thymoma, Thymic carcinoma, and Thymic Neuroendocrine tumors that still require in-depth molecular characterization. Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) are emerging as relevant gene expression modulators involved in the deregulation of several networks in almost all types of human cancer, including TETs. LncRNAs act at different control levels in the regulation of gene expression, from transcription to translation, and modulate several pathways relevant to cell fate determination under normal and pathological conditions. The activity of lncRNAs is strongly dependent on their expression, localization, and post-transcriptional modifications. Starting from our recently published studies, this review focuses on the involvement of lncRNAs in the acquisition of malignant traits by neoplastic thymic epithelial cells, and describes the possible use of these molecules as targets for the design of novel therapeutic approaches specific for TET. Furthermore, the involvement of lncRNAs in myasthenia gravis (MG)-related thymoma, which is still under investigation, is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessia Iaiza
- Department of Anatomical, Histological, Forensic and Orthopedic Sciences, Section of Histology and Medical Embryology, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Claudia Tito
- Department of Anatomical, Histological, Forensic and Orthopedic Sciences, Section of Histology and Medical Embryology, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Federica Ganci
- Oncogenomic and Epigenetic Unit, IRCCS Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, Rome, Italy
| | - Andrea Sacconi
- Oncogenomic and Epigenetic Unit, IRCCS Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, Rome, Italy
| | - Enzo Gallo
- Department of Pathology, IRCCS Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, Rome, Italy
| | - Silvia Masciarelli
- Department of Anatomical, Histological, Forensic and Orthopedic Sciences, Section of Histology and Medical Embryology, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
- Department of Life Science and Public Health, Histology and Embryology Unit, Catholic University of the Sacred Hearth, Rome, Italy
| | - Giulia Fontemaggi
- Oncogenomic and Epigenetic Unit, IRCCS Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, Rome, Italy
| | - Alessandro Fatica
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology ‘Charles Darwin’, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Enrico Melis
- Thoracic Surgery, IRCCS Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, Rome, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Petrozza
- Pathology Unit, ICOT, Department of Medico-Surgical Sciences and Biotechnologies, Sapienza University of Rome, Latina, Italy
| | - Federico Venuta
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Mirella Marino
- Department of Pathology, IRCCS Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, Rome, Italy
- *Correspondence: Francesco Fazi, ; Giovanni Blandino, ; Mirella Marino,
| | - Giovanni Blandino
- Oncogenomic and Epigenetic Unit, IRCCS Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, Rome, Italy
- *Correspondence: Francesco Fazi, ; Giovanni Blandino, ; Mirella Marino,
| | - Francesco Fazi
- Department of Anatomical, Histological, Forensic and Orthopedic Sciences, Section of Histology and Medical Embryology, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
- *Correspondence: Francesco Fazi, ; Giovanni Blandino, ; Mirella Marino,
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Wang F, Zhang H, Qiu G, Li Z, Wang Y. The LINC00452/miR-204/CHST4 Axis Regulating Thymic Tregs Might Be Involved in the Progression of Thymoma-Associated Myasthenia Gravis. Front Neurol 2022; 13:828970. [PMID: 35432149 PMCID: PMC9005856 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2022.828970] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2021] [Accepted: 02/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Myasthenia gravis (MG) is an autoimmune disease that mainly affects neuromuscular junctions and is usually associated with immune disorders in the thymoma. The competitive endogenous RNA (ceRNA) hypothesis has been demonstrated to be an intrinsic mechanism regulating the development of several autoimmune diseases; however, the mechanism where the ceRNA network regulates immune cells in patients with thymoma-associated MG (TAMG) has rarely been explored. Methods RNA-seq data and clinical information of 124 patients with thymoma were obtained from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database. The patients were divided into two groups according to whether they were diagnosed with MG. We applied the propensity score matching method to reduce the incidence of baseline confounders. We then constructed a ceRNA network with differentially expressed RNAs between the groups based on four public databases. The expression of genes of interest was validated by qPCR. Moreover, we predicted the immune cells that infiltrated the thymoma and then analyzed the association between immune cells and RNA in the ceRNA network. To further determine the function of the mRNAs associated with immune cells in patients with TAMG, we performed gene set enrichment analysis in thymoma patients with MG. Results After matching, 94 patients were included in the following analysis. A total of 847 mRNAs, 409 lncRNAs, and 45 miRNAs were differentially expressed between the groups. The ceRNA network, including 18 lncRNAs, four miRNAs, and 13 mRNAs, was then constructed. We then confirmed that CHST4 and LINC00452, miR-204-3p and miR-204-5p were differentially expressed between patients with TAMG and thymoma patients without MG (NMG) by qPCR. Moreover, we found that the percentage of predicted regulatory T (Treg) cells was significantly decreased in patients with TAMG. Further analysis indicated that the LINC00452/miR-204/CHST4 axis might regulate thymic regulatory T cells (Tregs) in the progression of MG. Conclusions In this research, we constructed a ceRNA network involved in the progression of TAMG, discovered that thymic Tregs were significantly decreased in patients with TAMG, and assumed that the LINC00452/miR-204/CHST4 axis may regulate thymic Tregs in the development of TAMG. These findings may deepen our understanding of the roles of the ceRNA network in regulating TAMG and highlight the function of CHST4 in recruiting peripheral T cells in the progression of TAMG.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fuqiang Wang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- West China School of Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Hanlu Zhang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Guanghao Qiu
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- West China School of Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Zhiyang Li
- West China School of Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yun Wang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- *Correspondence: Yun Wang
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Glavan D, Gheorman V, Gresita A, Hermann DM, Udristoiu I, Popa-Wagner A. Identification of transcriptome alterations in the prefrontal cortex, hippocampus, amygdala and hippocampus of suicide victims. Sci Rep 2021; 11:18853. [PMID: 34552157 PMCID: PMC8458545 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-98210-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2020] [Accepted: 08/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Suicide is one of the leading causes of death globally for all ages, and as such presents a very serious problem for clinicians worldwide. However, the underlying neurobiological pathology remains to a large extent unknown. In order to address this gap, we have carried out a genome-wide investigation of the gene expression in the amygdala, hippocampus, prefrontal cortex and thalamus in post-mortem brain samples obtained from 20 suicide completers and 7 control subjects. By KEGG enrichment analysis indicated we identified novel clusters of downregulated pathways involved in antigen neutralization and autoimmune thyroid disease (amygdala, thalamus), decreased axonal plasticity in the hippocampus. Two upregulated pathways were involved in neuronal death in the hippocampus and olfactory transduction in the thalamus and the prefrontal cortex. Autoimmune thyroid disease pathway was downregulated only in females. Metabolic pathways involved in Notch signaling amino acid metabolism and unsaturated lipid synthesis were thalamus-specific. Suicide-associated changes in the expression of several genes and pseudogenes that point to various functional mechanisms possibly implicated in the pathology of suicide. Two genes (SNORA13 and RNU4-2) involved in RNA processing were common to all brain regions analyzed. Most of the identified gene expression changes were related to region-specific dysregulated manifestation of genetic and epigenetic mechanisms underlying neurodevelopmental disorders (SNORD114-10, SUSd1), motivation, addiction and motor disorders (CHRNA6), long-term depression (RAB3B), stress response, major depression and schizophrenia (GFAP), signal transduction at the neurovascular unit (NEXN) and inhibitory neurotransmission in spatial learning, neural plasticity (CALB2; CLIC6, ENPP1). Some of the differentially expressed genes were brain specific non-coding RNAs involved in the regulation of translation (SNORA13). One, (PARM1) is a potential oncogene and prognostic biomarker for colorectal cancer with no known function in the brain. Disturbed gene expression involved in antigen neutralization, autoimmunity, neural plasticity, stress response, signal transduction at the neurovascular unit, dysregulated nuclear RNA processing and translation and epigenetic imprinting signatures is associated with suicide and point to regulatory non-coding RNAs as potential targets of new drugs development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Glavan
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Craiova, Romania
| | - Victor Gheorman
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Craiova, Romania
| | - Andrei Gresita
- Griffith University Menzies Health Institute of Queensland, Gold Coast Campus, Brisbane, QLD, 4000, Australia
| | - Dirk M Hermann
- Chair of Vascular Neurology, Dementia and Ageing Research, Department of Neurology, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg, Essen, Germany
| | - Ion Udristoiu
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Craiova, Romania.
| | - Aurel Popa-Wagner
- Griffith University Menzies Health Institute of Queensland, Gold Coast Campus, Brisbane, QLD, 4000, Australia. .,Chair of Vascular Neurology, Dementia and Ageing Research, Department of Neurology, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg, Essen, Germany.
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Tarnowski M, Kopytko P, Piotrowska K. Epigenetic Regulation of Inflammatory Responses in the Context of Physical Activity. Genes (Basel) 2021; 12:1313. [PMID: 34573295 PMCID: PMC8465911 DOI: 10.3390/genes12091313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2021] [Revised: 08/19/2021] [Accepted: 08/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Epigenetic modifications occur in response to environmental changes and play a fundamental role in the regulation of gene expression. PA is found to elicit an inflammatory response, both from the innate and adaptive divisions of the immunological system. The inflammatory reaction is considered a vital trigger of epigenetic changes that in turn modulate inflammatory actions. The tissue responses to PA involve local and general changes. The epigenetic mechanisms involved include: DNA methylation, histone proteins modification and microRNA. All of them affect genetic expression in an inflammatory milieu in physical exercise depending on the magnitude of physiological stress experienced by the exerciser. PA may evoke acute or chronic biochemical and physiological responses and have a positive or negative immunomodulatory effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maciej Tarnowski
- Department of Physiology, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, 70-111 Szczecin, Poland; (P.K.); (K.P.)
- Institute of Physical Culture Sciences, University of Szczecin, 70-453 Szczecin, Poland
| | - Patrycja Kopytko
- Department of Physiology, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, 70-111 Szczecin, Poland; (P.K.); (K.P.)
| | - Katarzyna Piotrowska
- Department of Physiology, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, 70-111 Szczecin, Poland; (P.K.); (K.P.)
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Yan M, Fu Y, Rao H, Zhou H, Liang X. Expression and Clinical Significance of miR-146a and Tumor Necrosis Factor Receptor-Associated Factor 6 (TRAF6) in Myasthenia Gravis Patient Serum. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2021; 2021:5573469. [PMID: 33997016 PMCID: PMC8081603 DOI: 10.1155/2021/5573469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2021] [Revised: 03/30/2021] [Accepted: 04/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the expression and clinical significance of miR-146a and tumor necrosis factor receptor-associated factor 6 (TRAF6) in myasthenia gravis (MG) patient serum. METHODS The serum of 52 patients with MG and 60 healthy individuals was collected in our hospital. The expression of miR-146a and TRAF6 in serum was measured by real-time PCR (RT-PCR). Comparison among serum miR-146a and TRAF6 mRNA group clinical characteristics and assorted expressions was done with the correlation among the two groups evaluated. Logistics regression was used to analyze the effect of miR-146a and TRAF6 mRNA on MG development with the ROC curve applied for an investigation into the diagnostic role of miR-146a and TRAF6 mRNA expression in MG development. RESULTS miR-146a and TRAF6 mRNA were significantly increased in the patients with MG compared with the healthy controls. Significant differences were identified in respiratory muscle endurance, muscle weakness level, vital capacity, and maximal voluntary ventilation between the two groups. Additionally, correlation analysis has discovered a positive correlation between miR-146a and TRAF mRNA expression in patients with MG. miR-146a and TRAF6 mRNA are independent MG occurrence factors exhibited by multivariate analysis while areas under ROC curve (AUCs) of miR-146a and TRAF6 mRNA in MG diagnosis were established by ROC curve analysis with results being 0.782 and 0.703, correspondingly. CONCLUSION miR-146a and TRAF6 mRNA are highly expressed in MG patients and can affect MG occurrence. miR-146a is a suitable candidate marker for diagnosing MG.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mei Yan
- Department of General Medicine, Foshan First People's Hospital, Foshan City, Guangdong Province, 528000, China
| | - Yue Fu
- Department of General Medicine, Foshan First People's Hospital, Foshan City, Guangdong Province, 528000, China
| | - Hui Rao
- Department of General Medicine, Foshan First People's Hospital, Foshan City, Guangdong Province, 528000, China
| | - Huiling Zhou
- Department of Infectious Disease, Foshan First People's Hospital, Foshan City, Guangdong Province, 528000, China
| | - Xiaohuang Liang
- Department of General Medicine, Foshan First People's Hospital, Foshan City, Guangdong Province, 528000, China
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11
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Liu MN, Luo G, Gao WJ, Yang SJ, Zhou H. miR-29 family: A potential therapeutic target for cardiovascular disease. Pharmacol Res 2021; 166:105510. [PMID: 33610720 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2021.105510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2021] [Accepted: 02/16/2021] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Cardiovascular disease (CVD), including heart failure, myocardial fibrosis and myocardial infarction, etc, remains one of the leading causes of mortality worldwide. Evidence shows that miRNA plays an important role in the pathogenesis of CVD. miR-29 family is one of miRNA, and over the past decades, many studies have demonstrated that miR-29 is involved in maintaining the integrity of arteries and in the regulation of atherosclerosis, especially in the process of myocardial fibrosis. Besides, heart failure, myocardial fibrosis and myocardial infarction are inseparable from the regulatory role of miR-29. Here, we comprehensively review recent studies regarding miR-29 and CVD, illustrate the possibility of miR-29 as a potential marker for prevention, treatment and prognostic observation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng-Nan Liu
- Faculty of Chinese Medicine and State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Macau University of Science and Technology, Taipa, Macao, China; National Traditional Chinese Medicine Clinical Research Base and Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Hospital (T.C.M) Affiliated to Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, China
| | - Gang Luo
- National Traditional Chinese Medicine Clinical Research Base and Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Hospital (T.C.M) Affiliated to Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, China
| | - Wan-Jiao Gao
- Faculty of Chinese Medicine and State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Macau University of Science and Technology, Taipa, Macao, China
| | - Si-Jin Yang
- Faculty of Chinese Medicine and State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Macau University of Science and Technology, Taipa, Macao, China; National Traditional Chinese Medicine Clinical Research Base and Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Hospital (T.C.M) Affiliated to Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, China.
| | - Hua Zhou
- Faculty of Chinese Medicine and State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Macau University of Science and Technology, Taipa, Macao, China.
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12
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Nazimek K. The complex functions of microRNA-150 in allergy, autoimmunity and immune tolerance. AIMS ALLERGY AND IMMUNOLOGY 2021. [DOI: 10.3934/allergy.2021016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
<abstract>
<p>At present, special efforts are being made to develop the strategies allowing for activation of long-lasting antigen-specific immune tolerance in therapy of allergic and autoimmune diseases. Some of these therapeutic approaches are aimed at modulating cell functions at genetic level by using miRNA-based and miRNA-targeting treatments. Simultaneously, the crucial role of extracellular vesicles as natural miRNA conveyors is highlighted for induction of antigen-specific immune tolerance, especially that they appear to be easily manipulatable for therapeutic applications. Among other immune-related miRNAs, miR-150 is getting special attention as it is differently expressed by immune cells at various stages of their maturation and differentiation. In addition, miR-150 is involved in different signaling cascades orchestrating humoral and cell-mediated mechanisms of both innate and adaptive immune responses. Therefore, miR-150 is considered a master regulator of immunity in mammals. Currently, physiological miR-150-dependent regulatory circuits and causes of their malfunctioning that underlie the pathogenesis of allergic and autoimmune disorders are being unraveled. Thus, present review summarizes the current knowledge of the role of miR-150 in the pathogenesis and complications of these diseases. Furthermore, the involvement of miR-150 in regulation of immune responses to allergens and self-antigens and in induction of antigen-specific immune tolerance is discussed with the special emphasis on the therapeutic potential of this miRNA.</p>
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Marx A, Belharazem D, Lee DH, Popovic ZV, Reißfelder C, Schalke B, Schölch S, Ströbel P, Weis CA, Yamada Y. Molecular pathology of thymomas: implications for diagnosis and therapy. Virchows Arch 2021; 478:101-110. [PMID: 33674910 PMCID: PMC7966134 DOI: 10.1007/s00428-021-03068-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2020] [Revised: 02/04/2021] [Accepted: 02/24/2021] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Thymomas exhibit a unique genomic landscape, comprising the lowest on average total mutational burden among adult human cancers; a unique point mutation in the GTF2I gene in WHO type A and AB thymomas (and rarely others); almost unique KMT2A-MAML2 translocations in rare WHO type B2 and B3 thymomas; a unique YAP1-MAML2 translocation in almost all metaplastic thymomas; and unique miRNA profiles in relation to GTF2I mutational status and WHO histotypes. While most thymomas can be diagnosed solely on the basis of morphological features, mutational analyses can solve challenging differential diagnostic problems. No molecular biomarkers have been identified that predict the response of unresectable thymomas to chemotherapy or agents with known molecular targets. Despite the common and strong expression of PDL1 in thymomas, immune checkpoint inhibitors are rarely applicable due to the poor predictability of common, life-threatening autoimmune side effects that are related to the unrivaled propensity of thymomas towards autoimmunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Marx
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Centre Mannheim and Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Theodor-Kutzer-Ufer 1-3, 68167, Mannheim, Germany.
| | - Djeda Belharazem
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Centre Mannheim and Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Theodor-Kutzer-Ufer 1-3, 68167, Mannheim, Germany
| | - De-Hyung Lee
- Department of Neurology, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Zoran V Popovic
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Centre Mannheim and Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Theodor-Kutzer-Ufer 1-3, 68167, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Christoph Reißfelder
- Department of Surgery, University Medical Centre Mannheim and Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Berthold Schalke
- Department of Neurology, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Sebastian Schölch
- Department of Surgery, University Medical Centre Mannheim and Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
- Junior Clinical Cooperation Unit Translational Surgical Oncology (A430), German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Philipp Ströbel
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Göttingen, University of Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Cleo-Aron Weis
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Centre Mannheim and Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Theodor-Kutzer-Ufer 1-3, 68167, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Yosuke Yamada
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Centre Mannheim and Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Theodor-Kutzer-Ufer 1-3, 68167, Mannheim, Germany
- Department of Diagnostic Pathology, Kyoto University Hospital, Kyoto, Japan
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Cron MA, Payet CA, Fayet OM, Maillard S, Truffault F, Fadel E, Guihaire J, Berrih-Aknin S, Liston A, Le Panse R. Decreased expression of miR-29 family associated with autoimmune myasthenia gravis. J Neuroinflammation 2020; 17:294. [PMID: 33032631 PMCID: PMC7545844 DOI: 10.1186/s12974-020-01958-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2020] [Accepted: 09/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Myasthenia gravis (MG) is a rare autoimmune disease mainly mediated by autoantibodies against the acetylcholine receptor (AChR) at the neuromuscular junction. The thymus is the effector organ, and its removal alleviates the symptoms of the disease. In the early-onset form of MG, the thymus displays functional and morphological abnormalities such as B cell infiltration leading to follicular hyperplasia, and the production of AChR antibodies. Type-I interferon (IFN-I), especially IFN-β, is the orchestrator of thymic changes observed in MG. As Dicer and miR-29 subtypes play a role in modulating the IFN-I signalization in mouse thymus, we investigated their expression in MG thymus. Methods The expression of DICER and miR-29 subtypes were thoroughly investigated by RT-PCR in human control and MG thymuses, and in thymic epithelial cells (TECs). Using miR-29a/b-1-deficient mice, with lower miR-29a/b-1 expression, we investigated their susceptibility to experimental autoimmune MG (EAMG) as compared to wild-type mice. Results DICER mRNA and all miR-29 subtypes were down-regulated in the thymus of MG patients and DICER expression was correlated with the lower expression of miR-29a-3p. A decreased expression of miR-29 subtypes was similarly observed in MG TECs; a decrease also induced in TECs upon IFN-β treatment. We demonstrated that miR-29a/b-1-deficient mice were more susceptible to EAMG without higher levels of anti-AChR IgG subtypes. In the thymus, if no B cell infiltration was observed, an increased expression of Ifn-β associated with Baff expression and the differentiation of Th17 cells associated with increased expression of Il-6, Il-17a and Il-21 and decreased Tgf-β1 mRNA were demonstrated in miR-29a/b-1-deficient EAMG mice. Conclusions It is not clear if the decreased expression of miR-29 subtypes in human MG is a consequence or a causative factor of thymic inflammation. However, our results from the EAMG mouse model indicated that a reduction in miR-29a/b1 may contribute to the pathophysiological process involved in MG by favoring the increased expression of IFN-β and the emergence of pro-inflammatory Th17 cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mélanie A Cron
- Center of Research in Myology, Sorbonne University, INSERM, Association Institute of Myology, UMRS 974, Paris, France
| | - Cloé A Payet
- Center of Research in Myology, Sorbonne University, INSERM, Association Institute of Myology, UMRS 974, Paris, France
| | - Odessa-Maud Fayet
- Center of Research in Myology, Sorbonne University, INSERM, Association Institute of Myology, UMRS 974, Paris, France
| | - Solène Maillard
- Center of Research in Myology, Sorbonne University, INSERM, Association Institute of Myology, UMRS 974, Paris, France
| | - Frédérique Truffault
- Center of Research in Myology, Sorbonne University, INSERM, Association Institute of Myology, UMRS 974, Paris, France
| | - Elie Fadel
- Marie Lannelongue Hospital, Paris-Sud University, Le Plessis-Robinson, France
| | - Julien Guihaire
- Marie Lannelongue Hospital, Paris-Sud University, Le Plessis-Robinson, France
| | - Sonia Berrih-Aknin
- Center of Research in Myology, Sorbonne University, INSERM, Association Institute of Myology, UMRS 974, Paris, France
| | - Adrian Liston
- VIB Center for Brain and Disease Research, KU Leuven-University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.,Laboratory of Lymphocyte Signalling and Development, The Babraham Institute, Babraham Research Campus, Cambridge, CB22 3AT, UK
| | - Rozen Le Panse
- Center of Research in Myology, Sorbonne University, INSERM, Association Institute of Myology, UMRS 974, Paris, France.
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