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Cao Q, Fang H, Tian H. mRNA vaccines contribute to innate and adaptive immunity to enhance immune response in vivo. Biomaterials 2024; 310:122628. [PMID: 38820767 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2024.122628] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2024] [Revised: 05/02/2024] [Accepted: 05/19/2024] [Indexed: 06/02/2024]
Abstract
Messenger RNA (mRNA) therapeutics have been widely employed as strategies for the treatment and prevention of diseases. Amid the global outbreak of COVID-19, mRNA vaccines have witnessed rapid development. Generally, in the case of mRNA vaccines, the initiation of the innate immune system serves as a prerequisite for triggering subsequent adaptive immune responses. Critical cells, cytokines, and chemokines within the innate immune system play crucial and beneficial roles in coordinating tailored immune reactions towards mRNA vaccines. Furthermore, immunostimulators and delivery systems play a significant role in augmenting the immune potency of mRNA vaccines. In this comprehensive review, we systematically delineate the latest advancements in mRNA vaccine research, present an in-depth exploration of strategies aimed at amplifying the immune effectiveness of mRNA vaccines, and offer some perspectives and recommendations regarding the future advancements in mRNA vaccine development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiannan Cao
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, China
| | - Huapan Fang
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, China; Innovation Laboratory for Sciences and Technologies of Energy Materials of Fujian Province (IKKEM), Xiamen, 361005, China; Institute of Functional Nano and Soft Materials, Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials and Devices, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, China.
| | - Huayu Tian
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, China; Innovation Laboratory for Sciences and Technologies of Energy Materials of Fujian Province (IKKEM), Xiamen, 361005, China.
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Kloc M, Halasa M, Kubiak JZ, Ghobrial RM. Invertebrate Immunity, Natural Transplantation Immunity, Somatic and Germ Cell Parasitism, and Transposon Defense. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:1072. [PMID: 38256145 PMCID: PMC10815962 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25021072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2023] [Revised: 01/11/2024] [Accepted: 01/12/2024] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
While the vertebrate immune system consists of innate and adaptive branches, invertebrates only have innate immunity. This feature makes them an ideal model system for studying the cellular and molecular mechanisms of innate immunity sensu stricto without reciprocal interferences from adaptive immunity. Although invertebrate immunity is evolutionarily older and a precursor of vertebrate immunity, it is far from simple. Despite lacking lymphocytes and functional immunoglobulin, the invertebrate immune system has many sophisticated mechanisms and features, such as long-term immune memory, which, for decades, have been exclusively attributed to adaptive immunity. In this review, we describe the cellular and molecular aspects of invertebrate immunity, including the epigenetic foundation of innate memory, the transgenerational inheritance of immunity, genetic immunity against invading transposons, the mechanisms of self-recognition, natural transplantation, and germ/somatic cell parasitism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Malgorzata Kloc
- Houston Methodist Research Institute, Transplant Immunology, Houston, TX 77030, USA; (M.H.); (R.M.G.)
- Department of Surgery, Houston Methodist Hospital, Houston, TX 77030, USA
- Department of Genetics, MD Anderson Cancer Center, University of Texas, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Marta Halasa
- Houston Methodist Research Institute, Transplant Immunology, Houston, TX 77030, USA; (M.H.); (R.M.G.)
- Department of Surgery, Houston Methodist Hospital, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Jacek Z. Kubiak
- Laboratory of Molecular Oncology and Innovative Therapies, Military Institute of Medicine-National Research Institute (WIM-PIB), Szaserow 128, 04-141 Warsaw, Poland;
- Dynamics and Mechanics of Epithelia Group, Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Genetics and Development of Rennes, University of Rennes, CNRS, UMR 6290, 35043 Rennes, France
| | - Rafik M. Ghobrial
- Houston Methodist Research Institute, Transplant Immunology, Houston, TX 77030, USA; (M.H.); (R.M.G.)
- Department of Surgery, Houston Methodist Hospital, Houston, TX 77030, USA
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Flores-Gonzalez J, Chavez-Galan L, Falfán-Valencia R, Roldán IB, Fricke-Galindo I, Veronica-Aguilar A, Martínez-Morales A, Hernández-Zenteno RDJ, Guzmán-Guzmán IP, Pérez-Rubio G. Variant rs4986790 of toll-like receptor 4 affects the signaling and induces cell dysfunction in patients with severe COVID-19. Int J Infect Dis 2024; 138:102-109. [PMID: 38029833 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijid.2023.11.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2023] [Revised: 10/18/2023] [Accepted: 11/23/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES We investigated the expression of toll-like receptor (TLR)-4 on the cell surface of innate and adaptive cells from patients with COVID-19 carrying the rs4986790 GG genotype in the TLR4 gene and the functional profile of these cells. METHODS We included 1169 hospitalized patients with COVID-19. The rs4986790 in TLR4 was identified by real-time polymerase chain reaction. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells were isolated and cultured to evaluate TLR-4 expression on immune cells. Supernatants recovered culture assays were stored, and we measured cytokines and cytotoxic molecules. RESULTS We showed that the rs4986790 (GG) was significantly associated (P = 0.0310) with severe COVID-19. Cells of patients with COVID-19 carrying the GG genotype have increased the frequency of monocytes and activated naïve and non-switched B cells positive to TLR-4 when cells are stimulated with lipopolysaccharide and with spike protein of SARS-CoV-2. Also, cells from patients with GG COVID-19 cannot produce pro-inflammatory cytokines after lipopolysaccharide stimulus, but they are high producers of cytotoxic molecules at baseline. CONCLUSIONS The rs4986790 GG genotype of the TLR4 is associated with the risk of COVID-19 and acute respiratory distress syndrome. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells of patients carrying the rs4986790 (TLR4) GG genotype had a limited delivery of pro-inflammatory cytokines compared to the AA and AG genotypes in which TLR-4 stimulation induces IL-10, IL-6, tumor necrosis factor-α, and Fas ligand production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julio Flores-Gonzalez
- Laboratory of Integrative Immunology, Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Respiratorias Ismael Cosio Villegas, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Leslie Chavez-Galan
- Laboratory of Integrative Immunology, Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Respiratorias Ismael Cosio Villegas, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Ramcés Falfán-Valencia
- HLA Laboratory, Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Respiratorias Ismael Cosío Villegas, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Ivette Buendía Roldán
- Translational Research Laboratory on Aging and Pulmonary Fibrosis, Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Respiratorias Ismael Cosío Villegas, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Ingrid Fricke-Galindo
- HLA Laboratory, Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Respiratorias Ismael Cosío Villegas, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Abigail Veronica-Aguilar
- HLA Laboratory, Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Respiratorias Ismael Cosío Villegas, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Alfonso Martínez-Morales
- HLA Laboratory, Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Respiratorias Ismael Cosío Villegas, Mexico City, Mexico
| | | | - Iris Paola Guzmán-Guzmán
- Faculty of Chemical-Biological Sciences, Universidad Autónoma de Guerrero, Chilpancingo, Guerrero, Mexico
| | - Gloria Pérez-Rubio
- HLA Laboratory, Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Respiratorias Ismael Cosío Villegas, Mexico City, Mexico.
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Abstract
The use of cancer vaccines is considered a promising therapeutic strategy in clinical oncology, which is achieved by stimulating antitumor immunity with tumor antigens delivered in the form of cells, peptides, viruses, and nucleic acids. The ideal cancer vaccine has many advantages, including low toxicity, specificity, and induction of persistent immune memory to overcome tumor heterogeneity and reverse the immunosuppressive microenvironment. Many therapeutic vaccines have entered clinical trials for a variety of cancers, including melanoma, breast cancer, lung cancer, and others. However, many challenges, including single antigen targeting, weak immunogenicity, off-target effects, and impaired immune response, have hindered their broad clinical translation. In this review, we introduce the principle of action, components (including antigens and adjuvants), and classification (according to applicable objects and preparation methods) of cancer vaccines, summarize the delivery methods of cancer vaccines, and review the clinical and theoretical research progress of cancer vaccines. We also present new insights into cancer vaccine technologies, platforms, and applications as well as an understanding of potential next-generation preventive and therapeutic vaccine technologies, providing a broader perspective for future vaccine design.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nian Liu
- National and Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Biomedical Functional Materials, School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Nanjing Normal University, No. 1 Wenyuan Road, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Xiangyu Xiao
- National and Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Biomedical Functional Materials, School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Nanjing Normal University, No. 1 Wenyuan Road, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Ziqiang Zhang
- National and Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Biomedical Functional Materials, School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Nanjing Normal University, No. 1 Wenyuan Road, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Chun Mao
- National and Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Biomedical Functional Materials, School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Nanjing Normal University, No. 1 Wenyuan Road, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Mimi Wan
- National and Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Biomedical Functional Materials, School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Nanjing Normal University, No. 1 Wenyuan Road, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Jian Shen
- National and Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Biomedical Functional Materials, School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Nanjing Normal University, No. 1 Wenyuan Road, Nanjing 210023, China
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Flores-Gonzalez J, Urbán-Solano A, Ramón-Luing LA, Cancino-Diaz JC, Contreras-Rodriguez A, Curiel-Quesada E, Hernández-Pando R, Chavez-Galan L. Active tuberculosis patients have high systemic IgG levels and B-cell fingerprinting, characterized by a reduced capacity to produce IFN-γ or IL-10 as a response to M.tb antigens. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1263458. [PMID: 38022616 PMCID: PMC10643169 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1263458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2023] [Accepted: 10/10/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Tuberculosis (TB) is a bacterial infection caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis (M.tb). B cells are the central mediator of the humoral response; they are responsible for producing antibodies in addition to mediating other functions. The role of the cellular response during the TB spectrum by B cells is still controversial. Methods In this study, we evaluated the distribution of the circulating B cell subsets in patients with active and latent TB (ATB and LTB, respectively) and how they respond to stimuli of protein or lipid from M.tb. Results Here, we show that ATB patients show an immune fingerprinting. However, patients with drug-sensitive- (DS-TB) or drug-resistant- (DR-TB) TB have altered frequencies of circulating B cells. DS-TB and DR-TB display a unique profile characterized by high systemic levels of IFN-γ, IL-10, IgG, IgG/IgM ratio, and total B cells. Moreover, B cells from DR-TB are less efficient in producing IL-10, and both DS-TB and DR-TB produce less IFN-γ in response to M.tb antigens. Conclusion These results provide new insights into the population dynamics of the cellular immune response by B cells against M.tb and suggest a fingerprinting to characterize the B-cell response on DR-TB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julio Flores-Gonzalez
- Laboratory of Integrative Immunology, Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Respiratorias Ismael Cosio Villegas, Mexico City, Mexico
- Department of Microbiology, Laboratory of Immunomicrobiology, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Alexia Urbán-Solano
- Laboratory of Integrative Immunology, Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Respiratorias Ismael Cosio Villegas, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Lucero A. Ramón-Luing
- Laboratory of Integrative Immunology, Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Respiratorias Ismael Cosio Villegas, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Juan Carlos Cancino-Diaz
- Department of Microbiology, Laboratory of Immunomicrobiology, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Araceli Contreras-Rodriguez
- Department of Microbiology, Laboratory of Immunomicrobiology, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Everardo Curiel-Quesada
- Department of Biochemistry, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Rogelio Hernández-Pando
- Department of Pathology, Section of Experimental Pathology, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Leslie Chavez-Galan
- Laboratory of Integrative Immunology, Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Respiratorias Ismael Cosio Villegas, Mexico City, Mexico
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Stögerer T, Silva-Barrios S, Carmona-Pérez L, Swaminathan S, Mai LT, Leroux LP, Jaramillo M, Descoteaux A, Stäger S. Leishmania donovani Exploits Tunneling Nanotubes for Dissemination and Propagation of B Cell Activation. Microbiol Spectr 2023; 11:e0509622. [PMID: 37404188 PMCID: PMC10434010 DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.05096-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2022] [Accepted: 06/08/2023] [Indexed: 07/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Polyclonal B cell activation and the resulting hypergammaglobulinemia are a detrimental consequence of visceral leishmaniasis (VL); however, the mechanisms underlying this excessive production of nonprotective antibodies are still poorly understood. Here, we show that a causative agent of VL, Leishmania donovani, induces CD21-dependent formation of tunneling nanotubule (TNT)-like protrusions in B cells. These intercellular connections are used by the parasite to disseminate among cells and propagate B cell activation, and close contact both among the cells and between B cells and parasites is required to achieve this activation. Direct contact between cells and parasites is also observed in vivo, as L. donovani can be detected in the splenic B cell area as early as 14 days postinfection. Interestingly, Leishmania parasites can also glide from macrophages to B cells via TNT-like protrusions. Taken together, our results suggest that, during in vivo infection, B cells may acquire L. donovani from macrophages via TNT-like protrusions, and these connections are subsequently exploited by the parasite to disseminate among B cells, thus propagating B cell activation and ultimately leading to polyclonal B cell activation. IMPORTANCE Leishmania donovani is a causative agent of visceral leishmaniasis, a potentially lethal disease characterized by strong B cell activation and the subsequent excessive production of nonprotective antibodies, which are known to worsen the disease. How Leishmania activates B cells is still unknown, particularly because this parasite mostly resides inside macrophages and would not have access to B cells during infection. In this study, we describe for the first time how the protozoan parasite Leishmania donovani induces and exploits the formation of protrusions that connect B lymphocytes with each other or with macrophages and glides on these structures from one cell to another. In this way, B cells can acquire Leishmania from macrophages and become activated upon contact with the parasites. This activation will then lead to antibody production. These findings provide an explanation for how the parasite may propagate B cell activation during infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tanja Stögerer
- Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique (INRS) – Centre Armand-Frappier Santé Biotechnologie and Infectiopôle INRS, Laval, Quebec, Canada
| | - Sasha Silva-Barrios
- Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique (INRS) – Centre Armand-Frappier Santé Biotechnologie and Infectiopôle INRS, Laval, Quebec, Canada
| | - Liseth Carmona-Pérez
- Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique (INRS) – Centre Armand-Frappier Santé Biotechnologie and Infectiopôle INRS, Laval, Quebec, Canada
| | - Sharada Swaminathan
- Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique (INRS) – Centre Armand-Frappier Santé Biotechnologie and Infectiopôle INRS, Laval, Quebec, Canada
| | - Linh Thuy Mai
- Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique (INRS) – Centre Armand-Frappier Santé Biotechnologie and Infectiopôle INRS, Laval, Quebec, Canada
| | - Louis-Philippe Leroux
- Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique (INRS) – Centre Armand-Frappier Santé Biotechnologie and Infectiopôle INRS, Laval, Quebec, Canada
| | - Maritza Jaramillo
- Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique (INRS) – Centre Armand-Frappier Santé Biotechnologie and Infectiopôle INRS, Laval, Quebec, Canada
| | - Albert Descoteaux
- Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique (INRS) – Centre Armand-Frappier Santé Biotechnologie and Infectiopôle INRS, Laval, Quebec, Canada
| | - Simona Stäger
- Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique (INRS) – Centre Armand-Frappier Santé Biotechnologie and Infectiopôle INRS, Laval, Quebec, Canada
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Khaleque MA, Hossain MI, Ali MR, Bacchu MS, Saad Aly MA, Khan MZH. Nanostructured wearable electrochemical and biosensor towards healthcare management: a review. RSC Adv 2023; 13:22973-22997. [PMID: 37529357 PMCID: PMC10387826 DOI: 10.1039/d3ra03440b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2023] [Accepted: 06/29/2023] [Indexed: 08/03/2023] Open
Abstract
In recent years, there has been a rapid increase in demand for wearable sensors, particularly these tracking the surroundings, fitness, and health of people. Thus, selective detection in human body fluid is a demand for a smart lifestyle by quick monitoring of electrolytes, drugs, toxins, metabolites and biomolecules, proteins, and the immune system. In this review, these parameters along with the main features of the latest and mostly cited research work on nanostructured wearable electrochemical and biosensors are surveyed. This study aims to help researchers and engineers choose the most suitable selective and sensitive sensor. Wearable sensors have broad and effective sensing platforms, such as contact lenses, Google Glass, skin-patch, mouth gourds, smartwatches, underwear, wristbands, and others. For increasing sensor reliability, additional advancements in electrochemical and biosensor precision, stability in uncontrolled environments, and reproducible sample conveyance are necessary. In addition, the optimistic future of wearable electrochemical sensors in fields, such as remote and customized healthcare and well-being is discussed. Overall, wearable electrochemical and biosensing technologies hold great promise for improving personal healthcare and monitoring performance with the potential to have a significant impact on daily lives. These technologies enable real-time body sensing and the communication of comprehensive physiological information.
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Affiliation(s)
- M A Khaleque
- Dept. of Chemical Engineering, Jashore University of Science and Technology Jashore 7408 Bangladesh
- Laboratory of Nano-bio and Advanced Materials Engineering (NAME), Jashore University of Science and technology Jashore 7408 Bangladesh
| | - M I Hossain
- Dept. of Chemical Engineering, Jashore University of Science and Technology Jashore 7408 Bangladesh
- Laboratory of Nano-bio and Advanced Materials Engineering (NAME), Jashore University of Science and technology Jashore 7408 Bangladesh
| | - M R Ali
- Dept. of Chemical Engineering, Jashore University of Science and Technology Jashore 7408 Bangladesh
- Laboratory of Nano-bio and Advanced Materials Engineering (NAME), Jashore University of Science and technology Jashore 7408 Bangladesh
| | - M S Bacchu
- Dept. of Chemical Engineering, Jashore University of Science and Technology Jashore 7408 Bangladesh
- Laboratory of Nano-bio and Advanced Materials Engineering (NAME), Jashore University of Science and technology Jashore 7408 Bangladesh
| | - M Aly Saad Aly
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering at Georgia Tech Shenzhen Institute (GTSI), Tianjin University Shenzhen Guangdong 518055 China
| | - M Z H Khan
- Dept. of Chemical Engineering, Jashore University of Science and Technology Jashore 7408 Bangladesh
- Laboratory of Nano-bio and Advanced Materials Engineering (NAME), Jashore University of Science and technology Jashore 7408 Bangladesh
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Flores-Gonzalez J, Ramón-Luing LA, Romero-Tendilla J, Urbán-Solano A, Cruz-Lagunas A, Chavez-Galan L. Latent Tuberculosis Patients Have an Increased Frequency of IFN-γ-Producing CD5+ B Cells, Which Respond Efficiently to Mycobacterial Proteins. Pathogens 2023; 12:818. [PMID: 37375508 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens12060818] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2023] [Revised: 05/23/2023] [Accepted: 06/05/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Tuberculosis (TB) remains a public health problem worldwide and is one of the deadliest infectious diseases, only after the current COVID-19 pandemic. Despite significant advances in the TB field, there needs to be more immune response comprehension; for instance, the role played by humoral immunity is still controversial. This study aimed to identify the frequency and function of B1 and immature/transitional B cells in patients with active and latent TB (ATB and LTB, respectively). Here we show that LTB patients have an increased frequency of CD5+ B cells and decreased CD10+ B cells. Furthermore, LTB patients stimulated with mycobacteria's antigens increase the frequency of IFN-γ-producing B cells, whereas cells from ATB do not respond. Moreover, under the mycobacterial protein stimulus, LTB promotes a pro-inflammatory environment characterized by a high level of IFN-γ but also can produce IL-10. Regarding the ATB group, they cannot produce IFN-γ, and mycobacterial lipids and proteins stimulate only the IL-10 production. Finally, our data showed that in ATB, but not in LTB, B cell subsets correlate with clinical and laboratory parameters, suggesting that these CD5+ and CD10+ B cell subpopulations have the potential to be biomarkers to differentiate between LTB and ATB. In conclusion, LTB has increased CD5+ B cells, and these cells can maintain a rich microenvironment of IFN-γ, IL-10, and IL-4. In contrast, ATB only maintains an anti-inflammatory environment when stimulated with mycobacterial proteins or lipids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julio Flores-Gonzalez
- Laboratory of Integrative Immunology, Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Respiratorias Ismael Cosio Villegas, Mexico City 14080, Mexico
| | - Lucero A Ramón-Luing
- Laboratory of Integrative Immunology, Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Respiratorias Ismael Cosio Villegas, Mexico City 14080, Mexico
| | - Jesus Romero-Tendilla
- Laboratory of Integrative Immunology, Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Respiratorias Ismael Cosio Villegas, Mexico City 14080, Mexico
| | - Alexia Urbán-Solano
- Laboratory of Integrative Immunology, Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Respiratorias Ismael Cosio Villegas, Mexico City 14080, Mexico
| | - Alfredo Cruz-Lagunas
- Laboratory of Immunobiology and Genetic, Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Respiratorias Ismael Cosio Villegas, Mexico City 14080, Mexico
| | - Leslie Chavez-Galan
- Laboratory of Integrative Immunology, Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Respiratorias Ismael Cosio Villegas, Mexico City 14080, Mexico
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Hecht JR, Mitchell J, Morelli MP, Anandappa G, Yang JC. Next-Generation Approaches to Immuno-Oncology in GI Cancers. Am Soc Clin Oncol Educ Book 2023; 43:e389072. [PMID: 37290032 DOI: 10.1200/edbk_389072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Immunotherapy has only had a modest impact on the treatment of advanced GI malignancies. Microsatellite-stable colorectal cancer and pancreatic adenocarcinoma, the most common GI tumors, have not benefited from treatment with standard immune checkpoint inhibitors. With this huge unmet need, multiple approaches are being tried to overcome barriers to better anticancer outcomes. This article reviews a number of novel approaches to immunotherapy for these tumors. These include the use of novel checkpoint inhibitors such as a modified anti-cytotoxic T lymphocyte-associated antigen-4 antibody and antibodies to lymphocyte-activation gene 3, T cell immunoreceptor with immunoglobulin and ITIM domains, T-cell immunoglobulin-3, CD47, and combinations with signal transduction inhibitors. We will discuss other trials that aim to elicit an antitumor T-cell response using cancer vaccines and oncolytic viruses. Finally, we review attempts to replicate in GI cancers the frequent and durable responses seen in hematologic malignancies with immune cell therapies.
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10
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Znaidia M, de Souza-Angelo Y, Létoffé S, Staropoli I, Grzelak L, Ghigo JM, Schwartz O, Casartelli N. Exposure to Secreted Bacterial Factors Promotes HIV-1 Replication in CD4 + T Cells. Microbiol Spectr 2023; 11:e0431322. [PMID: 36853052 PMCID: PMC10100953 DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.04313-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2022] [Accepted: 02/08/2023] [Indexed: 03/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Microbial translocation is associated with systemic immune activation in HIV-1 disease. Circulating T cells can encounter microbial products in the bloodstream and lymph nodes, where viral replication takes place. The mechanisms by which bacteria contribute to HIV-associated pathogenesis are not completely deciphered. Here, we examined how bacteria may impact T cell function and viral replication. We established cocultures between a panel of live bacteria and uninfected or HIV-1-infected activated peripheral blood CD4-positive (CD4+) T cells. We show that some bacteria, such as Escherichia coli and Acinetobacter baumannii, sustain lymphocyte activation and enhance HIV-1 replication. Bacteria secrete soluble factors that upregulate CD25 and ICAM-1 cell surface levels and activate NF-κB nuclear translocation. Our data also demonstrate that CD25 polarizes at the virological synapse, suggesting a previously unappreciated role of CD25 during viral replication. These findings highlight how interactions between bacterial factors and T cells may promote T cell activation and HIV-1 replication. IMPORTANCE People living with HIV suffer from chronic immune activation despite effective antiretroviral therapy. Early after infection, HIV-1 actively replicates in the gut, causing the breakage of the intestinal epithelial barrier and microbial translocation. Microbial translocation and chronic immune activation have been proven linked; however, gaps in our knowledge on how bacteria contribute to the development of HIV-related diseases remain. Whether T cells in the peripheral blood react to bacterial products and how this affects viral replication are unknown. We show that some bacteria enriched in people living with HIV activate T cells and favor HIV-1's spread. Bacteria release soluble factors that cause the overexpression of cellular molecules related to their activation state. T cells overexpressing these molecules also replicate HIV-1 more efficiently. These results help us learn more about how HIV-1, T cells, and bacteria interact with each other, as well as the mechanisms behind chronic immune activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- M. Znaidia
- Institut Pasteur, Université Paris-Cité, UMR CNRS 3569, Virus and Immunity Unit, Paris, France
| | - Y. de Souza-Angelo
- Institut Pasteur, Université Paris-Cité, UMR CNRS 3569, Virus and Immunity Unit, Paris, France
| | - S. Létoffé
- Institut Pasteur, Université Paris-Cité, UMR CNRS 6047, Genetics of Biofilms Laboratory, Paris, France
| | - I. Staropoli
- Institut Pasteur, Université Paris-Cité, UMR CNRS 3569, Virus and Immunity Unit, Paris, France
| | - L. Grzelak
- Institut Pasteur, Université Paris-Cité, UMR CNRS 3569, Virus and Immunity Unit, Paris, France
| | - J. M. Ghigo
- Institut Pasteur, Université Paris-Cité, UMR CNRS 6047, Genetics of Biofilms Laboratory, Paris, France
| | - O. Schwartz
- Institut Pasteur, Université Paris-Cité, UMR CNRS 3569, Virus and Immunity Unit, Paris, France
- Vaccine Research Institute, Créteil, France
| | - N. Casartelli
- Institut Pasteur, Université Paris-Cité, UMR CNRS 3569, Virus and Immunity Unit, Paris, France
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Tang Y, Wu J, Tian Y, Wang J, Wang M, Zong S, Wan C, Wang M, Zhu J. Predictive value of peripheral lymphocyte subsets for the disease progression in patients with sepsis. Int Immunopharmacol 2023; 117:109922. [PMID: 37012888 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2023.109922] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2022] [Revised: 02/04/2023] [Accepted: 02/17/2023] [Indexed: 03/17/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the predictive value of peripheral lymphocyte subsets for sepsis progression. METHODS Patients with sepsis were divided into the improved group (n = 46) and severe group (n = 39) according to disease progression. Flow cytometric analysis was performed to enumerate absolute counts of peripheral lymphocyte subsets. Logistic regression analyses were conducted to identify clinical factors linked to sepsis progression. RESULTS The absolute counts of peripheral lymphocyte subsets were markedly decreased in septic patients compared with healthy controls. After treatment, the absolute counts of lymphocytes, CD3+ T cells, and CD8+ T cells were restored in the improved group, and reduced in the severe group. Logistic regression analysis indicated that a low CD8+ T cells count was a risk factor for sepsis progression. Receiver operating characteristic curve analysis revealed that CD8+ T cells count had the greatest ability to predict sepsis progression. CONCLUSIONS The absolute counts of CD3+ T cells, CD4+ T cells, CD8+ T cells, B cells, and natural killer cells were significantly higher in the improved group than the severe group. CD8+ T cells count was predictive of sepsis progression. Lymphopenia and CD8+ T cells depletion were associated with the clinical outcomes of sepsis, suggesting that CD8+ T cells have potential as a predictive biomarker and therapeutic target for patients with sepsis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yawei Tang
- Department of Flow Cytometry Center, Clinical Laboratory, the Second Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Jingxue Wu
- Department of Flow Cytometry Center, Clinical Laboratory, the Second Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Yao Tian
- Department of Flow Cytometry Center, Clinical Laboratory, the Second Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Jiao Wang
- Department of Flow Cytometry Center, Clinical Laboratory, the Second Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Mingjie Wang
- Nanjing Huaixi Medical Technology Co., Ltd., Nanjing, China
| | - Shouyang Zong
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Jinhu County People's Hospital, Huai'an, China
| | - Changchun Wan
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Jinhu County People's Hospital, Huai'an, China
| | - Min Wang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, the Second Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China.
| | - Jie Zhu
- Department of Flow Cytometry Center, Clinical Laboratory, the Second Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China.
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12
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STING controls T cell memory fitness during infection through T cell-intrinsic and IDO-dependent mechanisms. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2023; 120:e2205049120. [PMID: 36634134 PMCID: PMC9934307 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2205049120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Stimulator of interferon genes (STING) signaling has been extensively studied in inflammatory diseases and cancer, while its role in T cell responses to infection is unclear. Using Listeria monocytogenes strains engineered to induce different levels of c-di-AMP, we found that high STING signals impaired T cell memory upon infection via increased Bim levels and apoptosis. Unexpectedly, reduction of TCR signal strength or T cell-STING expression decreased Bim expression, T cell apoptosis, and recovered T cell memory. We found that TCR signal intensity coupled STING signal strength to the unfolded protein response (UPR) and T cell survival. Under strong STING signaling, Indoleamine-pyrrole 2,3-dioxygenase (IDO) inhibition also reduced apoptosis and led to a recovery of T cell memory in STING sufficient CD8 T cells. Thus, STING signaling regulates CD8 T cell memory fitness through both cell-intrinsic and extrinsic mechanisms. These studies provide insight into how IDO and STING therapies could improve long-term T cell protective immunity.
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Olivera-Ugarte SM, Bolduc M, Laliberté-Gagné MÈ, Blanchette LJ, Garneau C, Fillion M, Savard P, Dubuc I, Flamand L, Farnòs O, Xu X, Kamen A, Gilbert M, Rabezanahary H, Scarrone M, Couture C, Baz M, Leclerc D. A nanoparticle-based COVID-19 vaccine candidate elicits broad neutralizing antibodies and protects against SARS-CoV-2 infection. NANOMEDICINE: NANOTECHNOLOGY, BIOLOGY AND MEDICINE 2022; 44:102584. [PMID: 35850421 PMCID: PMC9287509 DOI: 10.1016/j.nano.2022.102584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2022] [Revised: 06/14/2022] [Accepted: 07/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
A vaccine candidate to SARS-CoV-2 was constructed by coupling the viral receptor binding domain (RBD) to the surface of the papaya mosaic virus (PapMV) nanoparticle (nano) to generate the RBD-PapMV vaccine. Immunization of mice with the coupled RBD-PapMV vaccine enhanced the antibody titers and the T-cell mediated immune response directed to the RBD antigen as compared to immunization with the non-coupled vaccine formulation (RBD + PapMV nano). Anti-RBD antibodies, generated in vaccinated animals, neutralized SARS-CoV-2 infection in vitro against the ancestral, Delta and the Omicron variants. At last, immunization of mice susceptible to the infection by SARS-CoV-2 (K18-hACE2 transgenic mice) with the RBD-PapMV vaccine induced protection to the ancestral SARS-CoV-2 infectious challenge. The induction of the broad neutralization against SARS-CoV-2 variants induced by the RBD-PapMV vaccine demonstrate the potential of the PapMV vaccine platform in the development of efficient vaccines against viral respiratory infections.
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14
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Targeting toll-like receptors on T cells as a therapeutic strategy against tumors. Int Immunopharmacol 2022; 107:108708. [DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2022.108708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2022] [Revised: 03/05/2022] [Accepted: 03/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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15
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Grimmett E, Al-Share B, Alkassab MB, Zhou RW, Desai A, Rahim MMA, Woldie I. Cancer vaccines: past, present and future; a review article. Discov Oncol 2022; 13:31. [PMID: 35576080 PMCID: PMC9108694 DOI: 10.1007/s12672-022-00491-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2022] [Accepted: 04/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Immunotherapy and vaccines have revolutionized disease treatment and prevention. Vaccines against infectious diseases have been in use for several decades. In contrast, only few cancer vaccines have been approved for human use. These include preventative vaccines against infectious agents associated with cancers, and therapeutic vaccines used as immunotherapy agents to treat cancers. Challenges in developing cancer vaccines include heterogeneity within and between cancer types, screening and identification of appropriate tumour-specific antigens, and the choice of vaccine delivery platforms. Recent advances in all of these areas and the lessons learnt from COVID-19 vaccines have significantly boosted interest in cancer vaccines. Further advances in these areas are expected to facilitate development of effective novel cancer vaccines. In this review, we aim to discuss the past, the present, and the future of cancer vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eddie Grimmett
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Windsor, Windsor, ON, Canada
| | | | | | - Ryan Weng Zhou
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Windsor, Windsor, ON, Canada
| | - Advait Desai
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Windsor, Windsor, ON, Canada
| | - Mir Munir A Rahim
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Windsor, Windsor, ON, Canada.
| | - Indryas Woldie
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Windsor, Windsor, ON, Canada.
- Barbara Ann Karmanos Cancer Institute, Detroit, MI, USA.
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16
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Palzer KA, Bolduan V, Käfer R, Kleinert H, Bros M, Pautz A. The Role of KH-Type Splicing Regulatory Protein (KSRP) for Immune Functions and Tumorigenesis. Cells 2022; 11:cells11091482. [PMID: 35563788 PMCID: PMC9104899 DOI: 10.3390/cells11091482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2022] [Revised: 04/21/2022] [Accepted: 04/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Post-transcriptional control of gene expression is one important mechanism that enables stringent and rapid modulation of cytokine, chemokines or growth factors expression, all relevant for immune or tumor cell function and communication. The RNA-binding protein KH-type splicing regulatory protein (KSRP) controls the mRNA stability of according genes by initiation of mRNA decay and inhibition of translation, and by enhancing the maturation of microRNAs. Therefore, KSRP plays a pivotal role in immune cell function and tumor progression. In this review, we summarize the current knowledge about KSRP with regard to the regulation of immunologically relevant targets, and the functional role of KSRP on immune responses and tumorigenesis. KSRP is involved in the control of myeloid hematopoiesis. Further, KSRP-mediated mRNA decay of pro-inflammatory factors is necessary to keep immune homeostasis. In case of infection, functional impairment of KSRP is important for the induction of robust immune responses. In this regard, KSRP seems to primarily dampen T helper cell 2 immune responses. In cancer, KSRP has often been associated with tumor growth and metastasis. In summary, aside of initiation of mRNA decay, the KSRP-mediated regulation of microRNA maturation seems to be especially important for its diverse biological functions, which warrants further in-depth examination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kim-Alicia Palzer
- Department of Pharmacology, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, 55131 Mainz, Germany; (K.-A.P.); (R.K.); (H.K.)
| | - Vanessa Bolduan
- Department of Dermatology, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, 55131 Mainz, Germany; (V.B.); (M.B.)
| | - Rudolf Käfer
- Department of Pharmacology, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, 55131 Mainz, Germany; (K.-A.P.); (R.K.); (H.K.)
| | - Hartmut Kleinert
- Department of Pharmacology, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, 55131 Mainz, Germany; (K.-A.P.); (R.K.); (H.K.)
| | - Matthias Bros
- Department of Dermatology, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, 55131 Mainz, Germany; (V.B.); (M.B.)
| | - Andrea Pautz
- Department of Pharmacology, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, 55131 Mainz, Germany; (K.-A.P.); (R.K.); (H.K.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +49-6131-179276; Fax: +49-6131-179042
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17
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Guillemin A, Kumar A, Wencker M, Ricci EP. Shaping the Innate Immune Response Through Post-Transcriptional Regulation of Gene Expression Mediated by RNA-Binding Proteins. Front Immunol 2022; 12:796012. [PMID: 35087521 PMCID: PMC8787094 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.796012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2021] [Accepted: 12/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Innate immunity is the frontline of defense against infections and tissue damage. It is a fast and semi-specific response involving a myriad of processes essential for protecting the organism. These reactions promote the clearance of danger by activating, among others, an inflammatory response, the complement cascade and by recruiting the adaptive immunity. Any disequilibrium in this functional balance can lead to either inflammation-mediated tissue damage or defense inefficiency. A dynamic and coordinated gene expression program lies at the heart of the innate immune response. This expression program varies depending on the cell-type and the specific danger signal encountered by the cell and involves multiple layers of regulation. While these are achieved mainly via transcriptional control of gene expression, numerous post-transcriptional regulatory pathways involving RNA-binding proteins (RBPs) and other effectors play a critical role in its fine-tuning. Alternative splicing, translational control and mRNA stability have been shown to be tightly regulated during the innate immune response and participate in modulating gene expression in a global or gene specific manner. More recently, microRNAs assisting RBPs and post-transcriptional modification of RNA bases are also emerging as essential players of the innate immune process. In this review, we highlight the numerous roles played by specific RNA-binding effectors in mediating post-transcriptional control of gene expression to shape innate immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anissa Guillemin
- LBMC, Laboratoire de Biologie et Modelisation de la Cellule, Université de Lyon, ENS de Lyon, Universite Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, UMR 5239, INSERM, U1293, Lyon, France
| | - Anuj Kumar
- CRCL, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Lyon, INSERM U1052, CNRS UMR 5286, Lyon, France
| | - Mélanie Wencker
- LBMC, Laboratoire de Biologie et Modelisation de la Cellule, Université de Lyon, ENS de Lyon, Universite Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, UMR 5239, INSERM, U1293, Lyon, France
- CIRI, Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie, Université de Lyon, ENS de Lyon, CNRS, UMR 5308, INSERM, Lyon, France
| | - Emiliano P. Ricci
- LBMC, Laboratoire de Biologie et Modelisation de la Cellule, Université de Lyon, ENS de Lyon, Universite Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, UMR 5239, INSERM, U1293, Lyon, France
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18
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Hendaus MA, Jomha FA. mRNA Vaccines for COVID-19: A Simple Explanation. Qatar Med J 2021; 2021:07. [PMID: 33643864 DOI: 10.5339/qmj.2021.07] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2021] [Accepted: 01/30/2021] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
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