1
|
Aimulajiang K, Chu W, Liao S, Wen Z, He R, Lu M, Xu L, Song X, Li X, Yan R. Succinate coenzyme A ligase β-like protein from Trichinella spiralis is a potential therapeutic molecule for allergic asthma. Immun Inflamm Dis 2024; 12:e1321. [PMID: 38888451 PMCID: PMC11184933 DOI: 10.1002/iid3.1321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2023] [Revised: 06/04/2024] [Accepted: 06/07/2024] [Indexed: 06/20/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND For decades, studies have demonstrated the anti-inflammatory potential of proteins secreted by helminths in allergies and asthma. Previous studies have demonstrated the immunomodulatory capabilities of Succinate Coenzyme A ligase beta-like protein (SUCLA-β) derived from Trichinella spiralis, a crucial excretory product of this parasite. OBJECTIVE To explore the therapeutic potential of SUCLA-β in alleviating and controlling ovalbumin (OVA)-induced allergic asthma, as well as its influence on host immune modulation. METHODS In this research, we utilized the rTs-SUCLA-β protein derived from T. spiralis to investigate its potential in mitigating airway inflammation in a murine model of asthma induced by OVA sensitization/stimulation, both pre- and post-challenge. The treatment's efficacy was assessed by quantifying the extent of inflammation in the lungs. RESULTS Treatment with rTs-SUCLA-β demonstrated efficacy in ameliorating OVA-induced airway inflammation, as evidenced by a reduction in eosinophil infiltration, levels of OVA-specific Immunoglobulin E, interferon-γ, interleukin (IL)-9, and IL-17A, along with an elevation in IL-10. The equilibrium between Th17 and Treg cells plays a pivotal role in modulating the abundance of inflammatory cells within the organism, thereby ameliorating inflammation and alleviating symptoms associated with allergic asthma. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE Our data revealed that T. spiralis-derived Ts-SUCLA-β protein may inhibit the allergic airway inflammation by regulating host immune responses.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kalibixiati Aimulajiang
- Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, MOE Joint International Research, College of Veterinary MedicineNanjing Agricultural UniversityNanjingJiangsuP. R. China
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogenesis, Prevention and Treatment of High Incidence Diseases in Central Asia, Clinical Medicine InstituteThe First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical UniversityUrumqiXinjiangP. R. China
| | - Wen Chu
- Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, MOE Joint International Research, College of Veterinary MedicineNanjing Agricultural UniversityNanjingJiangsuP. R. China
| | - Shuyi Liao
- Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, MOE Joint International Research, College of Veterinary MedicineNanjing Agricultural UniversityNanjingJiangsuP. R. China
- Changsha Animal and Plant Disease Control CenterChangshaHunanP. R. China
| | - Zhaohai Wen
- Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, MOE Joint International Research, College of Veterinary MedicineNanjing Agricultural UniversityNanjingJiangsuP. R. China
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, College of Coastal Agricultural SciencesGuangdong Ocean UniversityZhanjiangP. R. China
| | - Rongdong He
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogenesis, Prevention and Treatment of High Incidence Diseases in Central Asia, Clinical Medicine InstituteThe First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical UniversityUrumqiXinjiangP. R. China
| | - Mingmin Lu
- Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, MOE Joint International Research, College of Veterinary MedicineNanjing Agricultural UniversityNanjingJiangsuP. R. China
| | - Lixin Xu
- Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, MOE Joint International Research, College of Veterinary MedicineNanjing Agricultural UniversityNanjingJiangsuP. R. China
| | - Xiaokai Song
- Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, MOE Joint International Research, College of Veterinary MedicineNanjing Agricultural UniversityNanjingJiangsuP. R. China
| | - Xiangrui Li
- Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, MOE Joint International Research, College of Veterinary MedicineNanjing Agricultural UniversityNanjingJiangsuP. R. China
| | - Ruofeng Yan
- Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, MOE Joint International Research, College of Veterinary MedicineNanjing Agricultural UniversityNanjingJiangsuP. R. China
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Walelign S, Tesfaye M, Tasew G, Desta K, Tsegaye A, Taye B. Association between helminth infection and allergic disorders among children in Batu, Ethiopia. Immun Inflamm Dis 2024; 12:e1222. [PMID: 38517214 PMCID: PMC10959016 DOI: 10.1002/iid3.1222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2023] [Revised: 03/04/2024] [Accepted: 03/11/2024] [Indexed: 03/23/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Helminths are potent immunomodulators and in their chronic infection state they may protect against allergy-related disease and atopy. However, they are also known for inducing allergic conditions. This study aimed to assess the association between helminths, atopy and allergic conditions. METHODS A total of 461 school children participated in this cross-sectional study. Data on allergic symptoms and a range of confounding variables was gathered from parents via an interviewer-led questionnaire. Skin sensitization to house dust mite and cockroaches was analyzed, and a stool sample was collected for helminth analysis. Serum total Immunoglobulin E using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and eosinophil count were also measured. RESULTS Overall sensitivity to both allergens was 2.4%. Self-reported allergic outcomes in the last 12 months for the 461 participants had been : wheezing 3.7%, asthma 2.2%, eczema 13.2% and hay fever 6.9%. Overall, the prevalence of helminth infection was 11.9% (53/444). A borderline significant association was found between atopy and any allergy symptoms (odds ratio [OR]: 3.32, 95% confidence interval [95% CI: 0.99, 11.1], p = .052). There was no significant association between helminths and atopy (OR: 0.64 [95% CI: 0.29, 1.41], p = .268) and also between helminths and allergic symptoms (OR: 0.64 [95% CI: 0.29, 1.41], p = .268). Bivariate analysis showed keeping an animal in the house increases the risk of atopy while maternal and paternal history of allergy increases the risk of developing allergic symptoms in the children. CONCLUSION AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE This study found a non-significant inverse association between helminths infection and atopy and allergic disorders, likely due to reduced statistical power, resulting in a lower prevalence of atopy and allergic conditions. A high powered longtitudinal study is necessary to explore the casuality and potential therapeutic benefits of helminths for allergic disorders.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sosina Walelign
- Department of Medical Laboratory SciencesAddis Ababa UniversityAddis AbabaEthiopia
| | - Mheret Tesfaye
- Bacteriology and Mycology National Reference LaboratoryEthiopian Public Health InstituteAddis AbabaEthiopia
| | - Geremew Tasew
- Bacterial, Parasitic, and Zoonotic Diseases Research DirectorateEthiopian Public Health InstituteAddis AbabaEthiopia
| | - Kassu Desta
- Department of Medical Laboratory SciencesAddis Ababa UniversityAddis AbabaEthiopia
| | - Aster Tsegaye
- Department of Medical Laboratory SciencesAddis Ababa UniversityAddis AbabaEthiopia
| | - Bineyam Taye
- Department of BiologyColgate UniversityHamiltonNew YorkUSA
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Reuter S, Raspe J, Taube C. Microbes little helpers and suppliers for therapeutic asthma approaches. Respir Res 2024; 25:29. [PMID: 38218816 PMCID: PMC10787474 DOI: 10.1186/s12931-023-02660-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2023] [Accepted: 12/28/2023] [Indexed: 01/15/2024] Open
Abstract
Bronchial asthma is a prevalent and increasingly chronic inflammatory lung disease affecting over 300 million people globally. Initially considered an allergic disorder driven by mast cells and eosinophils, asthma is now recognized as a complex syndrome with various clinical phenotypes and immunological endotypes. These encompass type 2 inflammatory endotypes characterized by interleukin (IL)-4, IL-5, and IL-13 dominance, alongside others featuring mixed or non-eosinophilic inflammation. Therapeutic success varies significantly based on asthma phenotypes, with inhaled corticosteroids and beta-2 agonists effective for milder forms, but limited in severe cases. Novel antibody-based therapies have shown promise, primarily for severe allergic and type 2-high asthma. To address this gap, novel treatment strategies are essential for better control of asthma pathology, prevention, and exacerbation reduction. One promising approach involves stimulating endogenous anti-inflammatory responses through regulatory T cells (Tregs). Tregs play a vital role in maintaining immune homeostasis, preventing autoimmunity, and mitigating excessive inflammation after pathogenic encounters. Tregs have demonstrated their ability to control both type 2-high and type 2-low inflammation in murine models and dampen human cell-dependent allergic airway inflammation. Furthermore, microbes, typically associated with disease development, have shown immune-dampening properties that could be harnessed for therapeutic benefits. Both commensal microbiota and pathogenic microbes have demonstrated potential in bacterial-host interactions for therapeutic purposes. This review explores microbe-associated approaches as potential treatments for inflammatory diseases, shedding light on current and future therapeutics.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sebastian Reuter
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, University Hospital Essen-Ruhrlandklinik, Tüschener Weg 40, 45239, Essen, Germany.
| | - Jonas Raspe
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, University Hospital Essen-Ruhrlandklinik, Tüschener Weg 40, 45239, Essen, Germany
| | - Christian Taube
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, University Hospital Essen-Ruhrlandklinik, Tüschener Weg 40, 45239, Essen, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Neunie OAM, Rabbani W, Baker D, Chambers ES, Pfeffer PE, Kang AS. Immunogenicity of biologics used in the treatment of asthma. Hum Antibodies 2024; 32:121-128. [PMID: 38905039 DOI: 10.3233/hab-240002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/23/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Asthma is a major global disease affecting adults and children, which can lead to hospitalization and death due to breathing difficulties. Although targeted monoclonal antibody therapies have revolutionized treatment of severe asthma, some patients still fail to respond. Here we critically evaluate the literature on biologic therapy failure in asthma patients with particular reference to anti-drug antibody production, and subsequent loss of response, as the potential primary cause of drug failure in asthma patients. RECENT FINDINGS Encouragingly, asthma in most cases responds to treatment, including the use of an increasing number of biologic drugs in moderate to severe disease. This includes monoclonal antibody inhibitors of immunoglobulin E and cytokines, including interleukin 4, 5, or 13 and thymic stromal lymphopoietin. These limit mast cell and eosinophil activity that cause the symptomatic small airways obstruction and exacerbations. SUMMARY Despite humanization of the antibodies, it is evident that benralizumab; dupilumab; mepolizumab; omalizumab; reslizumab and tezepelumab all induce anti-drug antibodies to some extent. These can contribute to adverse events including infusion reactions, serum sickness, anaphylaxis and potentially disease activity due to loss of therapeutic function. Monitoring anti-drug antibodies (ADA) may allow prediction of future treatment-failure in some individuals allowing treatment cessation and switching therefore potentially limiting disease breakthrough.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Omario A M Neunie
- Blizard Institute, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
- Centre for Oral Immunobiology and Regenerative Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - Wardah Rabbani
- Blizard Institute, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - David Baker
- Blizard Institute, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - Emma S Chambers
- Blizard Institute, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - Paul E Pfeffer
- William Harvey Research Institute, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Barts Health NHS Trust, London, UK
| | - Angray S Kang
- Blizard Institute, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
- Centre for Oral Immunobiology and Regenerative Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Gao X, Mao C, Zheng T, Xu X, Luo X, Zhang S, Liu J, Wang X, Chen X, Dong L. Schistosoma japonicum-derived peptide SJMHE1 ameliorates allergic symptoms and responses in mice with allergic rhinitis. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2023; 13:1143950. [PMID: 37346033 PMCID: PMC10279851 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2023.1143950] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2023] [Accepted: 05/22/2023] [Indexed: 06/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Helminth derived excretory/secretory molecules have shown efficacy in the treatment of allergic asthma in mice, but their roles in allergic rhinitis (AR) are little known. In this study, we aimed to determine the intervention effect of SJMHE1, a Schistosoma japonicum derived small molecular peptide, on ovalbumin (OVA)-induced AR mice and investigate its possible mechanism. AR was induced in BALB/c mice, following which the mice were treated with phosphate-buffered saline (PBS), OVA323-339 and SJMHE1 respectively. SJMHE1 treatment improved clinical symptoms (rubbing and sneezing), suppressed infiltrates of inflammatory cells and eosinophils in nasal mucosa, modulated the production of type-2 (IL-4 and IL-13) and anti-inflammatory (IL-10) cytokines in the nasal lavage fluids (NLF), spleen, and serum. To investigate the underlying mechanism, fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC)-labeled SJMHE1 was subcutaneously injected into AR mice, and we found that the FITC-SJMHE1 could accumulate in spleen, but not in nasal mucosa. FITC-SJMHE1 mainly bound to CD19 positive cells (B cells), and the SJMHE1 treatment significantly increased the proportion of regulatory B cells (Bregs) and B10 cells, along with the enhancement of PR domain containing protein 1 (Prdm1) protein levels. SJMHE1 may alleviate AR by upregulating Bregs, and has great potential as a new avenue for the AR treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xuerong Gao
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, China
| | - Chaoming Mao
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, China
| | - Tingting Zheng
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xiaowei Xu
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xinkai Luo
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, China
| | - Shan Zhang
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jiameng Liu
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xuefeng Wang
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, China
- Department of Central Laboratory, The Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xiaojun Chen
- Department of Pathogen Biology & Immunology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Pathogen Biology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Liyang Dong
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, China
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Wang H, Li C, Ren G, Yang C, Sun J, Zhao L, Sun W, Ju J, Xu D. Updated insight into the role of Th2-associated immunity in systemic lupus erythematosus. Autoimmun Rev 2023; 22:103213. [PMID: 36252932 DOI: 10.1016/j.autrev.2022.103213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2022] [Accepted: 10/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is an autoimmune disease with multiple organs involvement, abundant autoantibodies, complement activation, and immune complexes depositions. By regulating inflammation and immune homeostasis, cytokines have been well documented to participate in the pathogenesis of SLE. A number of studies have shown that T helper 2 (Th2)-associated immunity plays an important role in autoimmune diseases, including SLE. Key molecules underlying Th2-related immunity are expected to serve as promising targets for the diagnosis and targeted treatment of SLE. Current progress in SLE pathogenesis and biological treatment strategies has been reviewed, focusing on the latest development in Th2-associated immunity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hui Wang
- Central Laboratory of the First Affiliated Hospital, Weifang Medical University, Weifang 261000, China
| | - Chaoran Li
- Department of Rheumatology of the First Affiliated Hospital, Weifang Medical University, Weifang 261000, China
| | - Guifang Ren
- Hospital Office of the First Affiliated Hospital, Weifang Medical University, Weifang 261000, China
| | - Chunjuan Yang
- Department of Rheumatology of the First Affiliated Hospital, Weifang Medical University, Weifang 261000, China
| | - Jiamei Sun
- Central Laboratory of the First Affiliated Hospital, Weifang Medical University, Weifang 261000, China
| | - Lu Zhao
- Central Laboratory of the First Affiliated Hospital, Weifang Medical University, Weifang 261000, China
| | - Wenchang Sun
- Central Laboratory of the First Affiliated Hospital, Weifang Medical University, Weifang 261000, China
| | - Jiyu Ju
- Department of Immunology, Weifang Medical University, Weifang 261053, China.
| | - Donghua Xu
- Central Laboratory of the First Affiliated Hospital, Weifang Medical University, Weifang 261000, China; Department of Rheumatology of the First Affiliated Hospital, Weifang Medical University, Weifang 261000, China.
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Beikzadeh B. A Deeper View of Early Life Microbiota and Hygiene Hypothesis Relationship: Reducing the Risk of Allergic Diseases is Dependent on the Permanent Presence of Good Microbiota throughout Life. Int J Prev Med 2023; 14:22. [PMID: 37033283 PMCID: PMC10080566 DOI: 10.4103/ijpvm.ijpvm_170_22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2022] [Accepted: 09/03/2022] [Indexed: 04/11/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Babak Beikzadeh
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology and Microbiology, Faculty of Biological Sciences and Technology, University of Isfahan, Isfahan, Iran
- Address for correspondence: Dr. Babak Beikzadeh, Department of Cell and Molecular Biology and Microbiology, Faculty of Biological Sciences and Technology, University of Isfahan, P. O. Box: 8174673441, Azadi square, Isfahan, Iran. E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Ianiro G, Iorio A, Porcari S, Masucci L, Sanguinetti M, Perno CF, Gasbarrini A, Putignani L, Cammarota G. How the gut parasitome affects human health. Therap Adv Gastroenterol 2022; 15:17562848221091524. [PMID: 35509426 PMCID: PMC9058362 DOI: 10.1177/17562848221091524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2021] [Accepted: 02/23/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The human gut microbiome (GM) is a complex ecosystem that includes numerous prokaryotic and eukaryotic inhabitants. The composition of GM can influence an array of host physiological functions including immune development. Accumulating evidence suggest that several members of non-bacterial microbiota, including protozoa and helminths, that were earlier considered as pathogens, could have a commensal or beneficial relationship with the host. Here we examine the most recent data from omics studies on prokaryota-meiofauna-host interaction as well as the impact of gut parasitome on gut bacterial ecology and its role as 'immunological driver' in health and disease to glimpse new therapeutic perspectives.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Andrea Iorio
- Department of Diagnostic and Laboratory Medicine, Unit of Parasitology and Multimodal Laboratory Medicine Research Area, Unit of Human Microbiome, Bambino Gesù Children’s Hospital, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Serena Porcari
- Gastroenterology Unit, Fondazione Policlinico Gemelli IRCCS, Roma, Italy
| | - Luca Masucci
- Microbiology Unit, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario ‘A. Gemelli’ IRCCS, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy
| | - Maurizio Sanguinetti
- Microbiology Unit, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario ‘A. Gemelli’ IRCCS, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy
| | - Carlo Federico Perno
- Department of Diagnostic and Laboratory Medicine, Unit of Microbiology and Diagnostic Immunology, and Multimodal Laboratory Medicine Research Area, Ospedale Pediatrico Bambino Gesù, Roma, Italy
| | - Antonio Gasbarrini
- Gastroenterology Unit, Fondazione Policlinico Gemelli IRCCS, Roma, Italy
| | - Lorenza Putignani
- Department of Diagnostic and Laboratory Medicine, Unit of Parasitology and Multimodal Laboratory Medicine Research Area, Unit of Human Microbiome, Bambino Gesù Children’s Hospital, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Giovanni Cammarota
- Gastroenterology Unit, Fondazione Policlinico Gemelli IRCCS, Roma, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Virtanen T. Inhalant Mammal-Derived Lipocalin Allergens and the Innate Immunity. FRONTIERS IN ALLERGY 2022; 2:824736. [PMID: 35387007 PMCID: PMC8974866 DOI: 10.3389/falgy.2021.824736] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2021] [Accepted: 12/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
A major part of important mammalian respiratory allergens belongs to the lipocalin family of proteins. By this time, 19 respiratory mammalian lipocalin allergens have been registered in the WHO/IUIS Allergen Nomenclature Database. Originally, lipocalins, small extracellular proteins (molecular mass ca. 20 kDa), were characterized as transport proteins but they are currently known to exert a variety of biological functions. The three-dimensional structure of lipocalins is well-preserved, and lipocalin allergens can exhibit high amino acid identities, in several cases more than 50%. Lipocalins contain an internal ligand-binding site where they can harbor small principally hydrophobic molecules. Another characteristic feature is their capacity to bind to specific cell-surface receptors. In all, the physicochemical properties of lipocalin allergens do not offer any straightforward explanations for their allergenicity. Allergic sensitization begins at epithelial barriers where diverse insults through pattern recognition receptors awaken innate immunity. This front-line response is manifested by epithelial barrier-associated cytokines which together with other components of immunity can initiate the sensitization process. In the following, the crucial factor in allergic sensitization is interleukin (IL)-4 which is needed for stabilizing and promoting the type 2 immune response. The source for IL-4 has been searched widely. Candidates for it may be non-professional antigen-presenting cells, such as basophils or mast cells, as well as CD4+ T cells. The synthesis of IL-4 by CD4+ T cells requires T cell receptor engagement, i.e., the recognition of allergen peptides, which also provides the specificity for sensitization. Lipocalin and innate immunity-associated cell-surface receptors are implicated in facilitating the access of lipocalin allergens into the immune system. However, the significance of this for allergic sensitization is unclear, as the recognition by these receptors has been found to produce conflicting results. As to potential adjuvants associated with mammalian lipocalin allergens, the hydrophobic ligands transported by lipocalins have not been reported to enhance sensitization while it is justified to suppose that lipopolysaccharide plays a role in it. Taken together, type 2 immunity to lipocalin allergens appears to be a harmful immune response resulting from a combination of signals involving both the innate and adaptive immunities.
Collapse
|
10
|
Li L, Shan W, Zhu H, Xue F, Ma Y, Dong L, Feng D, Mao J, Yuan G, Wang X. SJMHE1 Peptide from Schistosoma japonicum Inhibits Asthma in Mice by Regulating Th17/Treg Cell Balance via miR-155. J Inflamm Res 2021; 14:5305-5318. [PMID: 34703270 PMCID: PMC8523811 DOI: 10.2147/jir.s334636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2021] [Accepted: 09/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose Helminths and their products can regulate immune response and offer new strategies to control and alleviate inflammation, including asthma. We previously found that a peptide named as SJMHE1 from Schistosoma japonicum can suppress asthma in mice. This study mainly investigated the molecular mechanism of SJMHE1 in inhibiting asthma inflammation. Methods SJMHE1 was administered to mice with OVA-induced asthma via subcutaneous injection, and its effects were detected by testing the airway inflammation of mice. The Th cell distribution was analyzed by flow cytometry. Th-related transcription factor and cytokine expression in the lungs of mice were analyzed using quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR). The expression of miR-155 and levels of phosphorylated STAT3 and STAT5 were also determined after SJMHE1 treatment in mice by qRT-PCR and Western blot analysis. The in vitro mouse CD4+ T cells were transfected with lentivirus containing overexpressed or inhibited miR-155, and the proportion of Th17, Treg cells, CD4+p-STAT3+, and CD4+p-STAT5+ cells were analyzed by flow cytometry. Results SJMHE1 ameliorated the airway inflammation of asthmatic mice, upregulated the proportion of Th1 and Treg cells, and the expression of Th1 and Treg-related transcription factor and cytokines. Simultaneously, SJMHE1 treatment reduced the percentage of Th2 and Th17 cells and the expression of Th2 and Th17-related transcription factor and cytokines. SJMHE1 treatment decreased the expression of miR-155 and p-STAT3 but increased p-STAT5 expression. In vitro, the percentage of Th17 and CD4+p-STAT3+ cells increased in CD4+ T cells transfected over-expression of miR-155, but SJMHE1 inhibited the miR-155-mediated increase of Th17 cells. Furthermore, SJMHE1 increased the proportion of Treg and CD4+p-STAT5+ cells after transfected over-expression or inhibition of miR-155. Conclusion SJMHE1 regulated the balance of Th17 and Treg cells by modulating the activation of STAT3 and STAT5 via miR-155 in asthma. SJMHE1 might be a promising treatment for asthma.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Li Li
- Department of Central Laboratory, The Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212001, People's Republic of China.,Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Taixing City People's Hospital, Taixing, 225400, People's Republic of China
| | - Wenqi Shan
- Department of Central Laboratory, The Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212001, People's Republic of China.,Department of Pediatrics, The Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212001, People's Republic of China
| | - Haijin Zhu
- Department of Central Laboratory, The Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212001, People's Republic of China.,Department of Pediatrics, The Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212001, People's Republic of China
| | - Fei Xue
- Department of Central Laboratory, The Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212001, People's Republic of China.,Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Taixing City People's Hospital, Taixing, 225400, People's Republic of China
| | - Yongbin Ma
- Department of Central Laboratory, The Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212001, People's Republic of China.,Department of Central Laboratory, Jintan Hospital, Jiangsu University, Jintan, 213200, People's Republic of China
| | - Liyang Dong
- Department of Central Laboratory, The Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212001, People's Republic of China.,Department of Nuclear Medicine and Institute of Oncology, The Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212001, People's Republic of China
| | - Dingqi Feng
- Department of Central Laboratory, The Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212001, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiahui Mao
- Department of Central Laboratory, The Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212001, People's Republic of China
| | - Guoyue Yuan
- Department of Endocrinology, The Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, 212001, People's Republic of China
| | - Xuefeng Wang
- Department of Central Laboratory, The Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212001, People's Republic of China.,Department of Nuclear Medicine and Institute of Oncology, The Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212001, People's Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Bobardt SD, Dillman AR, Nair MG. The Two Faces of Nematode Infection: Virulence and Immunomodulatory Molecules From Nematode Parasites of Mammals, Insects and Plants. Front Microbiol 2020; 11:577846. [PMID: 33343521 PMCID: PMC7738434 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2020.577846] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2020] [Accepted: 11/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Helminths stage a powerful infection that allows the parasite to damage host tissue through migration and feeding while simultaneously evading the host immune system. This feat is accomplished in part through the release of a diverse set of molecules that contribute to pathogenicity and immune suppression. Many of these molecules have been characterized in terms of their ability to influence the infectious capabilities of helminths across the tree of life. These include nematodes that infect insects, known as entomopathogenic nematodes (EPN) and plants with applications in agriculture and medicine. In this review we will first discuss the nematode virulence factors, which aid parasite colonization or tissue invasion, and cause many of the negative symptoms associated with infection. These include enzymes involved in detoxification, factors essential for parasite development and growth, and highly immunogenic ES proteins. We also explore how these parasites use several classes of molecules (proteins, carbohydrates, and nucleic acids) to evade the host's immune defenses. For example, helminths release immunomodulatory molecules in extracellular vesicles that may be protective in allergy and inflammatory disease. Collectively, these nematode-derived molecules allow parasites to persist for months or even years in a host, avoiding being killed or expelled by the immune system. Here, we evaluate these molecules, for their individual and combined potential as vaccine candidates, targets for anthelminthic drugs, and therapeutics for allergy and inflammatory disease. Last, we evaluate shared virulence and immunomodulatory mechanisms between mammalian and non-mammalian plant parasitic nematodes and EPNs, and discuss the utility of EPNs as a cost-effective model for studying nematode-derived molecules. Better knowledge of the virulence and immunomodulatory molecules from both entomopathogenic nematodes and soil-based helminths will allow for their use as beneficial agents in fighting disease and pests, divorced from their pathogenic consequences.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sarah D. Bobardt
- Division of Biomedical Sciences, School of Medicine, University of California, Riverside, Riverside, CA, United States
| | - Adler R. Dillman
- Department of Nematology, University of California, Riverside, Riverside, CA, United States
| | - Meera G. Nair
- Division of Biomedical Sciences, School of Medicine, University of California, Riverside, Riverside, CA, United States
| |
Collapse
|