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Ratajczak MZ, Bujko K, Brzezniakiewicz-Janus K, Ratajczak J, Kucia M. Hematopoiesis Revolves Around the Primordial Evolutional Rhythm of Purinergic Signaling and Innate Immunity - A Journey to the Developmental Roots. Stem Cell Rev Rep 2024; 20:827-838. [PMID: 38363476 PMCID: PMC10984895 DOI: 10.1007/s12015-024-10692-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/04/2024] [Indexed: 02/17/2024]
Abstract
A cell's most significant existential task is to survive by ensuring proper metabolism, avoiding harmful stimuli, and adapting to changing environments. It explains why early evolutionary primordial signals and pathways remained active and regulate cell and tissue integrity. This requires energy supply and a balanced redox state. To meet these requirements, the universal intracellular energy transporter purine nucleotide-adenosine triphosphate (ATP) became an important signaling molecule and precursor of purinergic signaling after being released into extracellular space. Similarly, ancient proteins involved in intracellular metabolism gave rise to the third protein component (C3) of the complement cascade (ComC), a soluble arm of innate immunity. These pathways induce cytosol reactive oxygen (ROS) and reactive nitrogen species (RNS) that regulate the redox state of the cells. While low levels of ROS and RNS promote cell growth and differentiation, supra-physiological concentrations can lead to cell damage by pyroptosis. This balance explains the impact of purinergic signaling and innate immunity on cell metabolism, organogenesis, and tissue development. Subsequently, along with evolution, new regulatory cues emerge in the form of growth factors, cytokines, chemokines, and bioactive lipids. However, their expression is still modulated by both primordial signaling pathways. This review will focus on the data that purinergic signaling and innate immunity carry on their ancient developmental task in hematopoiesis and specification of hematopoietic stem/progenitor cells (HSPCs). Moreover, recent evidence shows both these regulatory pathways operate in a paracrine manner and inside HSPCs at the autocrine level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariusz Z Ratajczak
- Laboratory of Regenerative Medicine, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland.
- Department of Hematology, University of Zielona Gora, Multi-Specialist Hospital Gorzow Wlkp., Gorzow Wielkopolski, Poland.
- Stem Cell Institute at James Graham Brown Cancer Center, University of Louisville, 500 S. Floyd Street, Rm. 107, Louisville, KY, 40202, USA.
| | - Kamila Bujko
- Laboratory of Regenerative Medicine, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
- Center for Preclinical Studies and Technology, Department of Regenerative Medicine at Medical, University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | | | - Janina Ratajczak
- Stem Cell Institute at James Graham Brown Cancer Center, University of Louisville, 500 S. Floyd Street, Rm. 107, Louisville, KY, 40202, USA
| | - Magdalena Kucia
- Laboratory of Regenerative Medicine, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
- Center for Preclinical Studies and Technology, Department of Regenerative Medicine at Medical, University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
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Duan JX, Guan XX, Cheng W, Deng DD, Chen P, Liu C, Zhou Y, Hammock BD, Yang HH. COX-2/sEH-Mediated Macrophage Activation Is a Target for Pulmonary Protection in Mouse Models of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease. J Transl Med 2024; 104:100319. [PMID: 38158123 DOI: 10.1016/j.labinv.2023.100319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2023] [Revised: 12/12/2023] [Accepted: 12/19/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024] Open
Abstract
Effective inhibition of macrophage activation is critical for resolving inflammation and restoring pulmonary function in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). In this study, we identified the dual-enhanced cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2)/soluble epoxide hydrolase (sEH) as a novel regulator of macrophage activation in COPD. Both COX-2 and sEH were found to be increased in patients and mice with COPD and in macrophages exposed to cigarette smoke extract. Pharmacological reduction of the COX-2 and sEH by 4-(5-phenyl-3-{3-[3-(4-trifluoromethylphenyl)-ureido]-propyl}-pyrazol-1-yl)-benzenesulfonamide (PTUPB) effectively prevented macrophage activation, downregulated inflammation-related genes, and reduced lung injury, thereby improving respiratory function in a mouse model of COPD induced by cigarette smoke and lipopolysaccharide. Mechanistically, enhanced COX-2/sEH triggered the activation of the NACHT, LRR, and PYD domains-containing protein 3 inflammasome, leading to the cleavage of pro-IL-1β into its active form in macrophages and amplifying inflammatory responses. These findings demonstrate that targeting COX-2/sEH-mediated macrophage activation may be a promising therapeutic strategy for COPD. Importantly, our data support the potential use of the dual COX-2 and sEH inhibitor PTUPB as a therapeutic drug for the treatment of COPD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia-Xi Duan
- Department of Geriatrics, Respiratory Medicine, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China; Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, the Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China; National Clinical Research Center of Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Xin-Xin Guan
- Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medical Science, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Wei Cheng
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, the Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Ding-Ding Deng
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, First Affiliated People's Hospital of Shaoyang College, Shaoyang, China
| | - Ping Chen
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, the Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Cong Liu
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, the Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Yong Zhou
- Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medical Science, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Bruce D Hammock
- Department of Entomology and Nematology and UC Davis Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, Davis, One Shields Avenue, Davis, California
| | - Hui-Hui Yang
- Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medical Science, Central South University, Changsha, China.
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Panbhare K, Pandey R, Chauhan C, Sinha A, Shukla R, Kaundal RK. Role of NLRP3 Inflammasome in Stroke Pathobiology: Current Therapeutic Avenues and Future Perspective. ACS Chem Neurosci 2024; 15:31-55. [PMID: 38118278 DOI: 10.1021/acschemneuro.3c00536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Neuroinflammation is a key pathophysiological feature of stroke-associated brain injury. A local innate immune response triggers neuroinflammation following a stroke via activating inflammasomes. The nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain leucine-rich repeat and pyrin domain-containing protein 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome has been heavily implicated in stroke pathobiology. Following a stroke, several stimuli have been suggested to trigger the assembly of the NLRP3 inflammasome. Recent studies have advanced the understanding and revealed several new players regulating NLRP3 inflammasome-mediated neuroinflammation. This article discussed recent advancements in NLRP3 assembly and highlighted stroke-induced mitochondrial dysfunction as a major checkpoint to regulating NLRP3 activation. The NLRP3 inflammasome activation leads to caspase-1-dependent maturation and release of IL-1β, IL-18, and gasdermin D. In addition, genetic or pharmacological inhibition of the NLRP3 inflammasome activation and downstream signaling has been shown to attenuate brain infarction and improve the neurological outcome in experimental models of stroke. Several drug-like small molecules targeting the NLRP3 inflammasome are in different phases of development as novel therapeutics for various inflammatory conditions, including stroke. Understanding how these molecules interfere with NLRP3 inflammasome assembly is paramount for their better optimization and/or development of newer NLRP3 inhibitors. In this review, we summarized the assembly of the NLRP3 inflammasome and discussed the recent advances in understanding the upstream regulators of NLRP3 inflammasome-mediated neuroinflammation following stroke. Additionally, we critically examined the role of the NLRP3 inflammasome-mediated signaling in stroke pathophysiology and the development of therapeutic modalities to target the NLRP3 inflammasome-related signaling for stroke treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kartik Panbhare
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Raebareli (NIPER-R), Transit Campus, Bijnor-Sisendi Road, Sarojini Nagar, Near CRPF Base Camp, Lucknow, UP 226002, India
| | - Rukmani Pandey
- Department of Psychiatry, Center for Molecular Biology and Genetics of Neurodegeneration, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York 10029, United States
| | - Chandan Chauhan
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Raebareli (NIPER-R), Transit Campus, Bijnor-Sisendi Road, Sarojini Nagar, Near CRPF Base Camp, Lucknow, UP 226002, India
| | - Antarip Sinha
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Raebareli (NIPER-R), Transit Campus, Bijnor-Sisendi Road, Sarojini Nagar, Near CRPF Base Camp, Lucknow, UP 226002, India
| | - Rahul Shukla
- Department of Pharmaceutics, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Raebareli (NIPER-R), Lucknow, UP 226002, India
| | - Ravinder K Kaundal
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Raebareli (NIPER-R), Transit Campus, Bijnor-Sisendi Road, Sarojini Nagar, Near CRPF Base Camp, Lucknow, UP 226002, India
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Douradinha B. Does attenuated plasmodial sporozoite-mediated protection require peroxynitrite? Trends Parasitol 2023; 39:808-811. [PMID: 37574429 DOI: 10.1016/j.pt.2023.07.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2023] [Revised: 07/03/2023] [Accepted: 07/21/2023] [Indexed: 08/15/2023]
Abstract
Attenuated plasmodial sporozoite-induced immune response includes intrahepatic nitric oxide (NO) production, which promotes apoptosis of infected hepatocytes and consequent parasite clearance. NO in excess reacts with superoxide, forming peroxynitrite, a powerful cytotoxic agent. Here, I suggest that peroxynitrite proapoptotic action may contribute to the attenuated malarial sporozoite-mediated protection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bruno Douradinha
- Nykode Therapeutics ASA, Oslo Science Park, Gaustadalléen 21, 0349 Oslo, Norway.
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Wei W, Zeng Q, Wang Y, Guo X, Fan T, Li Y, Deng H, Zhao L, Zhang X, Liu Y, Shi Y, Zhu J, Ma X, Wang Y, Jiang J, Song D. Discovery and identification of EIF2AK2 as a direct key target of berberine for anti-inflammatory effects. Acta Pharm Sin B 2023; 13:2138-2151. [PMID: 37250154 PMCID: PMC10213791 DOI: 10.1016/j.apsb.2022.12.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2022] [Revised: 11/05/2022] [Accepted: 12/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Using chemoproteomic techniques, we first identified EIF2AK2, eEF1A1, PRDX3 and VPS4B as direct targets of berberine (BBR) for its synergistically anti-inflammatory effects. Of them, BBR has the strongest affinity with EIF2AK2 via two ionic bonds, and regulates several key inflammatory pathways through EIF2AK2, indicating the dominant role of EIF2AK2. Also, BBR could subtly inhibit the dimerization of EIF2AK2, rather than its enzyme activity, to selectively modulate its downstream pathways including JNK, NF-κB, AKT and NLRP3, with an advantage of good safety profile. In EIF2AK2 gene knockdown mice, the inhibitory IL-1β, IL-6, IL-18 and TNF-α secretion of BBR was obviously attenuated, confirming an EIF2AK2-dependent anti-inflammatory efficacy. The results highlight the BBR's network mechanism on anti-inflammatory effects in which EIF2AK2 is a key target, and inhibition of EIF2AK2 dimerization has a potential to be a therapeutic strategy against inflammation-related disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Xixi Guo
- Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Tianyun Fan
- Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Yinghong Li
- Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Hongbin Deng
- Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Liping Zhao
- Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Xintong Zhang
- Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Yonghua Liu
- Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Yulong Shi
- Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Jingyang Zhu
- Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Xican Ma
- Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Yanxiang Wang
- Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Jiandong Jiang
- Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Danqing Song
- Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China
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Hoyt JE, Teja N, Jiang T, Rozema L, Gui J, Watts BV, Shiner B, Gradus JL. Changes in Alcohol Consumption following Direct-Acting Antiviral Treatment for Hepatitis C in VA Patients with Comorbid Alcohol Use Disorder and PTSD. J Dual Diagn 2022; 18:185-198. [PMID: 36151743 PMCID: PMC9719291 DOI: 10.1080/15504263.2022.2123119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate whether direct-acting antivirals (DAA) for hepatitis C viral infection (HCV): glecaprevir/pibrentasvir (GLE/PIB), ledipasvir/sofosbuvir (LDV/SOF), and sofosbuvir/velpatasvir (SOF/VEL) are associated with reduced alcohol consumption among veterans with alcohol use disorder (AUD) and co-occurring post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). METHODS We measured change in Alcohol Use Disorder Identification Test-Consumption Module (AUDIT-C) scores in a retrospective cohort of veterans with PTSD and AUD receiving DAAs for HCV. RESULTS One thousand two hundred and eleven patients were included (GLE/PIB n = 174, LDV/SOF n = 808, SOF/VEL n = 229). Adjusted frequencies of clinically meaningful improvement were 30.5% for GLE/PIB, 45.5% for LDV/SOF, and 40.5% for SOF/VEL. The frequency was lower for GLE/PIB than for LDV/SOF (OR = 0.59; 95% CI [0.40, 0.87]) or SOF/VEL (OR = 0.66; 95% CI [0.42, 1.04]). CONCLUSIONS DAA treatment for HCV was associated with a substantial reduction in alcohol use in patients with AUD and co-occurring PTSD. Further exploration of the role of DAAs in AUD treatment is warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica E Hoyt
- White River Junction Veterans Affairs Medical Center, White River Junction, Vermont, USA
| | - Nikhil Teja
- White River Junction Veterans Affairs Medical Center, White River Junction, Vermont, USA
| | - Tammy Jiang
- Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Luke Rozema
- White River Junction Veterans Affairs Medical Center, White River Junction, Vermont, USA
| | - Jiang Gui
- White River Junction Veterans Affairs Medical Center, White River Junction, Vermont, USA
- Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Hanover, New Hampshire, USA
| | - Bradley V Watts
- White River Junction Veterans Affairs Medical Center, White River Junction, Vermont, USA
- Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Hanover, New Hampshire, USA
| | - Brian Shiner
- White River Junction Veterans Affairs Medical Center, White River Junction, Vermont, USA
- Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Hanover, New Hampshire, USA
- Veterans Administration National Center for PTSD, White River Junction, Vermont, USA
| | - Jaimie L Gradus
- Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
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The Role of NLRP3 Inflammasome in Diabetic Cardiomyopathy and Its Therapeutic Implications. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2022; 2022:3790721. [PMID: 36111168 PMCID: PMC9470324 DOI: 10.1155/2022/3790721] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2022] [Accepted: 08/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Diabetic cardiomyopathy (DCM) is a serious complication of diabetes mellitus (DM). However, the precise molecular mechanisms remain largely unclear, and it is still a challenging disease to diagnose and treat. The nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain and leucine-rich repeat pyrin 3 domain (NLRP3) inflammasome is a critical part of the innate immune system in the host to defend against endogenous danger and pathogenic microbial infections. Dysregulated NLRP3 inflammasome activation results in the overproduction of cytokines, primarily IL-1β and IL-18, and eventually, inflammatory cell death-pyroptosis. A series of studies have indicated that NLRP3 inflammasome activation participates in the development of DCM, and that corresponding interventions could mitigate disease progression. Accordingly, this narrative review is aimed at briefly summarizing the cell-specific role of the NLRP3 inflammasome in DCM and provides novel insights into developing DCM therapeutic strategies targeting the NLRP3 inflammasome.
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Al Mamun A, Suchi SA, Aziz MA, Zaeem M, Munir F, Wu Y, Xiao J. Pyroptosis in acute pancreatitis and its therapeutic regulation. Apoptosis 2022; 27:465-481. [PMID: 35687256 DOI: 10.1007/s10495-022-01729-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Pyroptosis defines a new type of GSDMs-mediated programmed cell death, distinguishes from the classical concepts of apoptosis and necrosis-mediated cell death and is prescribed by cell swelling and membrane denaturation, leading to the extensive secretion of cellular components and low-grade inflammatory response. However, NLRP3 inflammasome activation can trigger its downstream inflammatory cytokines, leading to the activation of pyroptosis-regulated cell death. Current studies reveal that activation of caspase-4/5/11-driven non-canonical inflammasome signaling pathways facilitates the pathogenesis and progression of acute pancreatitis (AP). In addition, a large number of studies have reported that NLRP3 inflammasome-dependent pyroptosis is a crucial player in driving the course of the pathogenesis of AP. Excessive uncontrolled GSDMD-mediated pyroptosis has been implicated in AP. Therefore, the pyroptosis-related molecule GSDMD may be an independent prognostic biomarker for AP. The present review paper summarizes the molecular mechanisms of pyroptotic signaling pathways and their pathophysiological impacts on the progress of AP. Moreover, we briefly present some experimental compounds targeting pyroptosis-regulated cell death for exploring novel therapeutic directions for the treatment and management of AP. Our review investigations strongly suggest that targeting pyroptosis could be an ideal therapeutic approach in AP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdullah Al Mamun
- Molecular Pharmacology Research Center, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Zhejiang Province, Wenzhou, 325035, China
| | - Suzia Aktar Suchi
- Department of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Chosun University, Gwangju, 501759, South Korea
| | - Md Abdul Aziz
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, State University of Bangladesh, Dhaka, 1205, Bangladesh.,Laboratory of Pharmacogenomics and Molecular Biology, Department of Pharmacy, Noakhali Science and Technology University, Noakhali, 3814, Bangladesh
| | - Muhammad Zaeem
- Molecular Pharmacology Research Center, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Zhejiang Province, Wenzhou, 325035, China
| | - Fahad Munir
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Zhejiang Province, Wenzhou, 325000, China
| | - Yanqing Wu
- Institute of Life Sciences, Wenzhou University, Zhejiang Province, Wenzhou, 325035, China
| | - Jian Xiao
- Molecular Pharmacology Research Center, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Zhejiang Province, Wenzhou, 325035, China. .,Department of Hand Surgery and Peripheral Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Zhejiang Province, Wenzhou, 325035, China.
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Zhang W, Wang W, Xu M, Xie H, Pu Z. GPR43 regulation of mitochondrial damage to alleviate inflammatory reaction in sepsis. Aging (Albany NY) 2021; 13:22588-22610. [PMID: 34584017 PMCID: PMC8507289 DOI: 10.18632/aging.203572] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2021] [Accepted: 09/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Sepsis is a common critical illness in ICU and always a great difficulty in clinical treatment. GPR43 (G protein-coupled receptor 43) participates in regulating appetite and gastrointestinal peptide secretion to modulate fat decomposition and formation. However, the biological contribution of GPR43 on inflammation of sepsis has not been previously investigated. We investigated the mechanisms of GPR43 gene, which plays a possible role in distinguishing sepsis and contributes to the pathogenesis of sepsis-induced inflammatory reaction. Furthermore, we performed studies with mice induced to sepsis by Cecal Ligation and Puncture (CLP), Knockout GPR43 (GPR43-/-) mice, and Wild Type (WT) mice induced with CLP. In addition, lung tissues and cell samples were analyzed by histology, Quantitative Polymerase Chain Reaction (Q-PCR), Enzyme-linked Immunosorbent (ELISA) Assay, and western blot. GPR43 agonist could significantly reduce inflammation reactions and trigger lung injury in mice with sepsis. As for GPR43-/- mice, the risks of sepsis-induced inflammatory reactions and corresponding lung injury were promoted. On the one hand, the up-regulation of GPR43 gene reduced ROS mitochondrial damage to inhibit inflammatory reactions via the inactivation of NLRP3 Inflammasome by PPARγ/ Nox1/EBP50/ p47phox signal channel. On the other hand, the down-regulation of GPR43 promoted inflammatory reactions in vitro model through the acceleration of ROS-dependently mitochondrial damage by PPARγ/ Nox1/EBP50/ p47phox/ NLRP3 signal channel. These findings indicate that the inhibition of GPR43 as a possible important factor of sepsis may shed lights on the mechanism of sepsis-induced inflammation reaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weiwei Zhang
- Department of Pharmacy, Second Affiliated Hospital of Wannan Medical College, Wuhu 241001, Anhui, China
| | - Wusan Wang
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu 241002, Anhui, China
| | - Maodi Xu
- Drug Clinical Evaluation, Yijishan Hospital of Wannan Medical College, Wuhu 241001, Anhui, China
| | - Haitang Xie
- Drug Clinical Evaluation, Yijishan Hospital of Wannan Medical College, Wuhu 241001, Anhui, China
| | - Zhichen Pu
- Drug Clinical Evaluation, Yijishan Hospital of Wannan Medical College, Wuhu 241001, Anhui, China.,State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Key Lab of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, Jiangsu, China
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