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Tran F, Scharmacher A, Baran N, Mishra N, Wozny M, Chavez SP, Bhardwaj A, Hinz S, Juzenas S, Bernardes JP, Sievers LK, Lessing M, Aden K, Lassen A, Bergfeld A, Weber HJ, Neas L, Vetrano S, Schreiber S, Rosenstiel P. Dynamic changes in extracellular vesicle-associated miRNAs elicited by ultrasound in inflammatory bowel disease patients. Sci Rep 2024; 14:10925. [PMID: 38740826 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-61532-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2024] [Accepted: 05/07/2024] [Indexed: 05/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Blood-based biomarkers that reliably indicate disease activity in the intestinal tract are an important unmet need in the management of patients with IBD. Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are cell-derived membranous microparticles, which reflect the cellular and functional state of their site of site of origin. As ultrasound waves may lead to molecular shifts of EV contents, we hypothesized that application of ultrasound waves on inflamed intestinal tissue in IBD may amplify the inflammation-specific molecular shifts in EVs like altered EV-miRNA expression, which in turn can be detected in the peripheral blood. 26 patients with IBD were included in the prospective clinical study. Serum samples were collected before and 30 min after diagnostic transabdominal ultrasound. Differential miRNA expression was analyzed by sequencing. Candidate inducible EV-miRNAs were functionally assessed in vitro by transfection of miRNA mimics and qPCR of predicted target genes. Serum EV-miRNA concentration at baseline correlated with disease severity, as determined by clinical activity scores and sonographic findings. Three miRNAs (miR-942-5p, mir-5588, mir-3195) were significantly induced by sonography. Among the significantly regulated EV-miRNAs, miR-942-5p was strongly induced in higher grade intestinal inflammation and correlated with clinical activity in Crohn's disease. Prediction of target regulation and transfection of miRNA mimics inferred a role of this EV-miRNA in regulating barrier function in inflammation. Induction of mir-5588 and mir-3195 did not correlate with inflammation grade. This proof-of-concept trial highlights the principle of induced molecular shifts in EVs from inflamed tissue through transabdominal ultrasound. These inducible EVs and their molecular cargo like miRNA could become novel biomarkers for intestinal inflammation in IBD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Florian Tran
- Institute of Clinical Molecular Biology, University Medical Center Schleswig-Holstein, Christian Albrecht University Kiel, Campus Kiel, Rosalind-Franklin-Strasse 12, 24105, Kiel, Germany.
- Department of Internal Medicine I, University Medical Center Schleswig-Holstein, 24105, Kiel, Germany.
| | - Alena Scharmacher
- Institute of Clinical Molecular Biology, University Medical Center Schleswig-Holstein, Christian Albrecht University Kiel, Campus Kiel, Rosalind-Franklin-Strasse 12, 24105, Kiel, Germany
| | - Nathan Baran
- Institute of Clinical Molecular Biology, University Medical Center Schleswig-Holstein, Christian Albrecht University Kiel, Campus Kiel, Rosalind-Franklin-Strasse 12, 24105, Kiel, Germany
| | - Neha Mishra
- Institute of Clinical Molecular Biology, University Medical Center Schleswig-Holstein, Christian Albrecht University Kiel, Campus Kiel, Rosalind-Franklin-Strasse 12, 24105, Kiel, Germany
| | - Marek Wozny
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Humanitas University, 20072, Pieve Emanuele, Italy
| | - Samuel Pineda Chavez
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Humanitas University, 20072, Pieve Emanuele, Italy
| | - Archana Bhardwaj
- Institute of Clinical Molecular Biology, University Medical Center Schleswig-Holstein, Christian Albrecht University Kiel, Campus Kiel, Rosalind-Franklin-Strasse 12, 24105, Kiel, Germany
| | - Sophia Hinz
- Institute of Clinical Molecular Biology, University Medical Center Schleswig-Holstein, Christian Albrecht University Kiel, Campus Kiel, Rosalind-Franklin-Strasse 12, 24105, Kiel, Germany
- Department of Internal Medicine I, University Medical Center Schleswig-Holstein, 24105, Kiel, Germany
| | - Simonas Juzenas
- Institute of Clinical Molecular Biology, University Medical Center Schleswig-Holstein, Christian Albrecht University Kiel, Campus Kiel, Rosalind-Franklin-Strasse 12, 24105, Kiel, Germany
- Institute of Biotechnology, Life Science Centre, Vilnius University, Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Joana P Bernardes
- Institute of Clinical Molecular Biology, University Medical Center Schleswig-Holstein, Christian Albrecht University Kiel, Campus Kiel, Rosalind-Franklin-Strasse 12, 24105, Kiel, Germany
| | - Laura Katharina Sievers
- Institute of Clinical Molecular Biology, University Medical Center Schleswig-Holstein, Christian Albrecht University Kiel, Campus Kiel, Rosalind-Franklin-Strasse 12, 24105, Kiel, Germany
- Department of Internal Medicine I, University Medical Center Schleswig-Holstein, 24105, Kiel, Germany
| | - Matthias Lessing
- Department of Internal Medicine I, University Medical Center Schleswig-Holstein, 24105, Kiel, Germany
| | - Konrad Aden
- Institute of Clinical Molecular Biology, University Medical Center Schleswig-Holstein, Christian Albrecht University Kiel, Campus Kiel, Rosalind-Franklin-Strasse 12, 24105, Kiel, Germany
- Department of Internal Medicine I, University Medical Center Schleswig-Holstein, 24105, Kiel, Germany
| | - Arne Lassen
- Department of Internal Medicine I, University Medical Center Schleswig-Holstein, 24105, Kiel, Germany
| | - Arne Bergfeld
- Department of Internal Medicine I, University Medical Center Schleswig-Holstein, 24105, Kiel, Germany
| | - Hauke Jann Weber
- Department of Gastroenterology, Asklepios Westklinikum, 22559, Hamburg, Germany
- Institute of Infection Medicine, University Medical Center Schleswig-Holstein, Christian Albrecht University Kiel, 24105, Kiel, Germany
| | - Lennart Neas
- Department of Internal Medicine III, University Medical Center Schleswig-Holstein, 24105, Kiel, Germany
| | - Stefania Vetrano
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Humanitas University, 20072, Pieve Emanuele, Italy
- IBD Unit, Department of Gastroenterology, IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, 20089, Rozzano, Italy
| | - Stefan Schreiber
- Institute of Clinical Molecular Biology, University Medical Center Schleswig-Holstein, Christian Albrecht University Kiel, Campus Kiel, Rosalind-Franklin-Strasse 12, 24105, Kiel, Germany
- Department of Internal Medicine I, University Medical Center Schleswig-Holstein, 24105, Kiel, Germany
| | - Philip Rosenstiel
- Institute of Clinical Molecular Biology, University Medical Center Schleswig-Holstein, Christian Albrecht University Kiel, Campus Kiel, Rosalind-Franklin-Strasse 12, 24105, Kiel, Germany
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Pelyhe C, Sturve J. Isolation and characterization of the morphology, size and particle number of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) and zebrafish (Danio rerio) cell line derived large and small extracellular vesicles. FISH PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY 2023; 49:1199-1214. [PMID: 37870723 PMCID: PMC10757702 DOI: 10.1007/s10695-023-01251-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2023] [Accepted: 10/02/2023] [Indexed: 10/24/2023]
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are 50-1,000 nm lipid bilayer-bound vesicles, released into the extracellular environment by various cell types for intercellular communication purposes. The quantitative and qualitative characteristics of EVs can be affected by stress and pathological conditions. The majority of extracellular vesicle (EV) studies have been performed on mammalian cell lines or bodily fluids. EVs have been previously described from bodily fluids like plasma, serum or mucus in different fish species, however the available knowledge of fish cell line derived EVs is limited and in the vast majority of studies, the overall focus is on small EVs (< 200 nm). We isolated large and small extracellular vesicles from zebrafish (Danio rerio) liver (ZFL), rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) liver (RTL-W1), gill (RTgill-W1) and intestinal epithelial (RTgutGC) cell lines using stepwise centrifugation and characterized the size and morphology of EVs. Here we demonstrated that large and small extracellular vesicles can be successfully isolated using stepwise centrifugation from the serum-free medium of the selected piscine cell lines after a 24-h incubation period. The size distribution of large and small EVs isolated from the piscine cell lines suggest that large and small EV groups show high diversity in size ranges, containing heterogenous subpopulations in sizes, and the results highly depend on the applied method and whether filtration steps were included following the isolation. The spherical morphology of EVs was verified by transmission electron microscopy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Csilla Pelyhe
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Joachim Sturve
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden.
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Liu J, Sun Z, You Y, Zhang L, Hou D, Gu G, Chen Y, Jiao G. M2 macrophage-derived exosomal miR-486-5p influences the differentiation potential of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells and osteoporosis. Aging (Albany NY) 2023; 15:9499-9520. [PMID: 37751585 PMCID: PMC10564417 DOI: 10.18632/aging.205031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2023] [Accepted: 08/20/2023] [Indexed: 09/28/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND An imbalance between osteogenesis and adipogenesis in bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMMSCs) can cause osteoporosis. Macrophage-derived exosomes (MD-Exos) and microRNAs (miRNAs) enriched in exosomes participate in the differentiation of BMMSCs. METHODS Bioinformatics methods were used to analyze differentially expressed miRNAs. We cocultured M2 macrophages and BMMSCs to examine the biological function of exosomal microRNA-486-5p (miR-486-5p) on BMMSCs differentiation. Gain-of-function experiments related to osteogenesis were designed to investigate the effects of exosomes carrying miR-486-5p on an ovariectomized (OVX) mice model and the direct impact of miR-486-5p on BMMSCs. A dual luciferase experiment was performed to demonstrate the target gene of miR-486-5p. RESULTS Bioinformatics analysis identified high expression of miRNA-486 in M2 macrophage-derived exosomes (M2D-Exos). The in vitro results demonstrated that M2 macrophage-derived exosomal miR-486-5p enhanced osteogenic capacity but inhibited the adipogenesis of BMMSCs. The direct effect of miR-486-5p on BMMSCs showed the same effects. Animal experiments revealed that exosomal miR-486-5p rescued bone loss of OVX mice. SMAD2 was characterized as a target gene of miR-486-5p. Pathway analysis showed that M2 macrophage-derived exosomal miR-486-5p stimulated osteogenic differentiation via the TGF-β/SMAD2 signalling pathway. CONCLUSIONS Taken together, M2 macrophage-derived exosomal miR-486-5p influences the differentiation potential of BMMSCs through the miR-486-5p/SMAD2/TGF-β signalling pathway and osteoporosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jincheng Liu
- Department of Orthopaedics, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, P.R. China
- The First Clinical College of Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, P.R. China
| | - Zhenqian Sun
- Department of Orthopaedics, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, P.R. China
- The First Clinical College of Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, P.R. China
| | - Yunhao You
- Department of Orthopaedics, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, P.R. China
- The First Clinical College of Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, P.R. China
| | - Lu Zhang
- Department of Orthopaedics, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, P.R. China
- The First Clinical College of Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, P.R. China
| | - Dehui Hou
- Department of Orthopaedics, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, P.R. China
- The First Clinical College of Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, P.R. China
| | - Guanghui Gu
- Department of Orthopaedics, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, P.R. China
- The First Clinical College of Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, P.R. China
| | - Yunzhen Chen
- Department of Orthopaedics, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, P.R. China
| | - Guangjun Jiao
- Department of Orthopaedics, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, P.R. China
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Verdile N, Camin F, Pavlovic R, Pasquariello R, Stuknytė M, De Noni I, Brevini TAL, Gandolfi F. Distinct Organotypic Platforms Modulate Rainbow Trout ( Oncorhynchus mykiss) Intestinal Cell Differentiation In Vitro. Cells 2023; 12:1843. [PMID: 37508507 PMCID: PMC10377977 DOI: 10.3390/cells12141843] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2023] [Revised: 07/03/2023] [Accepted: 07/04/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
In vitro organotypic cell-based intestinal platforms, able to faithfully recapitulate the complex functions of the organ in vivo, would be a great support to search for more sustainable feed ingredients in aquaculture. We previously demonstrated that proliferation or differentiation of rainbow trout intestinal cell lines is dictated by the culture environment. The aim of the present work was to develop a culture platform that can efficiently promote cell differentiation into mature enterocytes. We compared four options, seeding the RTpiMI cell line derived from the proximal intestine on (1) polyethylene terephthalate (PET) culture inserts ThinCert™ (TC), (2) TC coated with the solubilized basement membrane matrix Matrigel® (MM), (3) TC with the rainbow trout fibroblast cell line RTskin01 embedded within the Matrigel® matrix (MMfb), or (4) the highly porous polystyrene scaffold Alvetex® populated with the abovementioned fibroblast cell line (AV). We evaluated the presence of columnar cells with a clear polarization of brush border enzymes, the formation of an efficient barrier with a significant increase in transepithelial electrical resistance (TEER), and its ability to prevent the paracellular flux of large molecules but allow the transit of small compounds (proline and glucose) from the apical to the basolateral compartment. All parameters improved moving from the simplest (TC) through the more complex platforms. The presence of fibroblasts was particularly effective in enhancing epithelial cell differentiation within the AV platform recreating more closely the complexity of the intestinal mucosa, including the presence of extracellular vesicles between fibroblasts and epithelial cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicole Verdile
- Department of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, University of Milan, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Federica Camin
- Department of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, University of Milan, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Radmila Pavlovic
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Sciences, University of Milan, 26900 Lodi, Italy
- Proteomics and Metabolomics Facility, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, 20132 Milan, Italy
| | - Rolando Pasquariello
- Department of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, University of Milan, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Milda Stuknytė
- Unitech COSPECT-University Technological Platform, University of Milan, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Ivano De Noni
- Department of Food, Environmental and Nutritional Sciences, University of Milan, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Tiziana A L Brevini
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Sciences, University of Milan, 26900 Lodi, Italy
| | - Fulvio Gandolfi
- Department of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, University of Milan, 20133 Milan, Italy
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Maqueda JJ, Giovanazzi A, Rocha AM, Rocha S, Silva I, Saraiva N, Bonito N, Carvalho J, Maia L, Wauben MHM, Oliveira C. Adapter dimer contamination in sRNA-sequencing datasets predicts sequencing failure and batch effects and hampers extracellular vesicle-sRNA analysis. JOURNAL OF EXTRACELLULAR BIOLOGY 2023; 2:e91. [PMID: 38938917 PMCID: PMC11080836 DOI: 10.1002/jex2.91] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2023] [Revised: 04/21/2023] [Accepted: 05/10/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2024]
Abstract
Small RNA (sRNA) profiling of Extracellular Vesicles (EVs) by Next-Generation Sequencing (NGS) often delivers poor outcomes, independently of reagents, platforms or pipelines used, which contributes to poor reproducibility of studies. Here we analysed pre/post-sequencing quality controls (QC) to predict issues potentially biasing biological sRNA-sequencing results from purified human milk EVs, human and mouse EV-enriched plasma and human paraffin-embedded tissues. Although different RNA isolation protocols and NGS platforms were used in these experiments, all datasets had samples characterized by a marked removal of reads after pre-processing. The extent of read loss between individual samples within a dataset did not correlate with isolated RNA quantity or sequenced base quality. Rather, cDNA electropherograms revealed the presence of a constant peak whose intensity correlated with the degree of read loss and, remarkably, with the percentage of adapter dimers, which were found to be overrepresented sequences in high read-loss samples. The analysis through a QC pipeline, which allowed us to monitor quality parameters in a step-by-step manner, provided compelling evidence that adapter dimer contamination was the main factor causing batch effects. We concluded this study by summarising peer-reviewed published workflows that perform consistently well in avoiding adapter dimer contamination towards a greater likelihood of sequencing success.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joaquín J. Maqueda
- BIOINF2BIO, LDAPortoPortugal
- i3S – Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em SaúdeUniversidade do PortoPortoPortugal
- Ipatimup – Institute of Molecular Pathology and Immunology of the University of PortoPortoPortugal
| | - Alberta Giovanazzi
- Department of Biomolecular Health SciencesFaculty of Veterinary Medicine Utrecht UniversityUtrechtThe Netherlands
| | - Ana Mafalda Rocha
- i3S – Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em SaúdeUniversidade do PortoPortoPortugal
- Ipatimup – Institute of Molecular Pathology and Immunology of the University of PortoPortoPortugal
| | - Sara Rocha
- i3S – Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em SaúdeUniversidade do PortoPortoPortugal
- Ipatimup – Institute of Molecular Pathology and Immunology of the University of PortoPortoPortugal
| | - Isabel Silva
- i3S – Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em SaúdeUniversidade do PortoPortoPortugal
- IBMC ‐ Instituto de Biologia Molecular e CelularUniversity of PortoPortoPortugal
| | - Nadine Saraiva
- IPOC – Instituto Português de Oncologia Francisco GentilCoimbraPortugal
| | - Nuno Bonito
- IPOC – Instituto Português de Oncologia Francisco GentilCoimbraPortugal
| | - Joana Carvalho
- i3S – Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em SaúdeUniversidade do PortoPortoPortugal
- Ipatimup – Institute of Molecular Pathology and Immunology of the University of PortoPortoPortugal
| | - Luis Maia
- i3S – Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em SaúdeUniversidade do PortoPortoPortugal
- ICBAS‐UP ‐ Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas Abel SalazarUniversity of PortoPortoPortugal
- CHUPorto – Department of NeurologyCentro Hospitalar Universitário do PortoPortoPortugal
| | - Marca H. M. Wauben
- Department of Biomolecular Health SciencesFaculty of Veterinary Medicine Utrecht UniversityUtrechtThe Netherlands
| | - Carla Oliveira
- BIOINF2BIO, LDAPortoPortugal
- i3S – Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em SaúdeUniversidade do PortoPortoPortugal
- Ipatimup – Institute of Molecular Pathology and Immunology of the University of PortoPortoPortugal
- FMUP – Faculty of MedicineUniversity of PortoPortoPortugal
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Sex-Inclined Piwi-Interacting RNAs in Serum Exosomes for Sex Determination in the Greater Amberjack ( Seriola dumerili). Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24043438. [PMID: 36834847 PMCID: PMC9962539 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24043438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2022] [Revised: 01/23/2023] [Accepted: 01/30/2023] [Indexed: 02/11/2023] Open
Abstract
The greater amberjack (Seriola dumerili) is a gonochoristic fish with no sexual dimorphism in appearance, making sex identification difficult. Piwi-interacting RNAs (piRNAs) function in transposon silencing and gametogenesis and are involved in various physiological processes, including sex development and differentiation. Exosomal piRNAs can be indicators for the determination of sex and physiological status. In this study, four piRNAs were differentially expressed in both serum exosomes and gonads between male and female greater amberjack. Three piRNAs (piR-dre-32793, piR-dre-5797, and piR-dre-73318) were significantly up-regulated and piR-dre-332 was significantly down-regulated in serum exosomes and gonads of male fish, compared to female fish, consistent with the serum exosomal results. According to the relative expression of four marker piRNAs derived from the serum exosomes of greater amberjack, the highest relative expression of piR-dre-32793, piR-dre-5797, and piR-dre-73318 in seven female fish and that of piR-dre-332 in seven male fish can be used as the standard for sex determination. The method of sex identification can ascertain the sex of greater amberjack by blood collection from the living body, without sacrificing fish. The four piRNAs did not show sex-inclined expression in the hypothalamus, pituitary, heart, liver, intestine, and muscle tissue. A piRNA-target interaction network involving 32 piRNA-mRNA pairs was generated. Sex-related target genes were enriched in sex-related pathways, including oocyte meiosis, transforming growth factor-beta signaling pathway, progesterone-mediated oocyte maturation, and gonadotropin releasing hormone signaling pathway. These results provide a basis for sex determination in greater amberjack and improve our understanding of the mechanisms underlying sex development and differentiation in the species.
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Zhu T, Kong M, Li C, Shao C. Exosomal miRNAs in the plasma of Cynoglossus semilaevis infected with Vibrio harveyi: Pleiotropic regulators and potential biomarkers involved in inflammatory and immune responses. Front Immunol 2022; 13:949670. [PMID: 36059498 PMCID: PMC9433998 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.949670] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2022] [Accepted: 07/20/2022] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Exosomes are a class of extracellular vesicles with diameters ranging from ~50 to 150 nm. Incorporating diverse biological substances and being present extensively in biofluids, exosomes are involved in intracellular communication in various physiological and pathological processes and emerging as promising biomarkers for the prognosis and diagnosis of many diseases. Accumulating evidence shows that exosomes also play important roles in the inflammatory and immune responses to bacterial infection. However, the study of exosomes in teleost fish remains scarce. In the present study, we focused on the exosomal microRNAs (miRNAs) in the plasma of Chinese tongue sole (Cynoglossus semilaevis) in response to Vibrio harveyi infection. After bacterial challenge, the plasma was sampled at both the early (6 and 16 h) and late stages. (48, 72, and 96 h) of infection, followed by exosome isolation and exosomal miRNA sequencing. Results showed that the expression profile of 85 exosomal miRNAs was significantly different among the control, early-, and late-infection groups. The predictive genes targeted by exosomal miRNAs were extensively involved in various inflammatory and immune processes by Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) enrichment analyses, suggesting that a series of processes were regulated by exosomal miRNAs in the plasma, including the pathogen invasion and recognition and the activation and regulation of signaling pathways related to cytokine production. Moreover, the spleen was found to be a preference for exosome enrichment and the underlying mechanism of interleukin-6 production regulated by ZC3H12A, ARID5A, and exosomal ssa-miR-146a-5p were probably present in Chinese tongue sole. Additionally, the enhanced levels of ssa-miR-146a-5p and nbr-miR-731 in plasma exosomes and the spleen of the infection groups were identified, indicating their application as biomarkers in favor of the prognosis and diagnosis of V. harveyi infection in Chinese tongue sole. Therefore, the collective results in the present study indicated the pleiotropic roles of exosomal miRNAs in the regulation of inflammatory and immune responses and their potential utilization as biomarkers in teleost fish.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tengfei Zhu
- Key Lab of Sustainable Development of Marine Fisheries, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Qingdao, China
- Laboratory for Marine Fisheries Science and Food Production Processes, Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, China
| | - Ming Kong
- College of Marine Life Science, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China
| | - Chen Li
- Key Lab of Sustainable Development of Marine Fisheries, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Qingdao, China
- Key Laboratory of Maricultural Organism Disease Control, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affair, Qingdao Key Laboratory of Mariculture Epidemiology and Biosecurity, Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Qingdao, China
| | - Changwei Shao
- Key Lab of Sustainable Development of Marine Fisheries, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Qingdao, China
- Laboratory for Marine Fisheries Science and Food Production Processes, Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, China
- *Correspondence: Changwei Shao,
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Rozas-Serri M. Why Does Piscirickettsia salmonis Break the Immunological Paradigm in Farmed Salmon? Biological Context to Understand the Relative Control of Piscirickettsiosis. Front Immunol 2022; 13:856896. [PMID: 35386699 PMCID: PMC8979166 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.856896] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2022] [Accepted: 02/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Piscirickettsiosis (SRS) has been the most important infectious disease in Chilean salmon farming since the 1980s. It was one of the first to be described, and to date, it continues to be the main infectious cause of mortality. How can we better understand the epidemiological situation of SRS? The catch-all answer is that the Chilean salmon farming industry must fight year after year against a multifactorial disease, and apparently only the environment in Chile seems to favor the presence and persistence of Piscirickettsia salmonis. This is a fastidious, facultative intracellular bacterium that replicates in the host’s own immune cells and antigen-presenting cells and evades the adaptive cell-mediated immune response, which is why the existing vaccines are not effective in controlling it. Therefore, the Chilean salmon farming industry uses a lot of antibiotics—to control SRS—because otherwise, fish health and welfare would be significantly impaired, and a significantly higher volume of biomass would be lost per year. How can the ever-present risk of negative consequences of antibiotic use in salmon farming be balanced with the productive and economic viability of an animal production industry, as well as with the care of the aquatic environment and public health and with the sustainability of the industry? The answer that is easy, but no less true, is that we must know the enemy and how it interacts with its host. Much knowledge has been generated using this line of inquiry, however it remains insufficient. Considering the state-of-the-art summarized in this review, it can be stated that, from the point of view of fish immunology and vaccinology, we are quite far from reaching an effective and long-term solution for the control of SRS. For this reason, the aim of this critical review is to comprehensively discuss the current knowledge on the interaction between the bacteria and the host to promote the generation of more and better measures for the prevention and control of SRS.
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Tang M, Chen Y, Xian H, Tan S, Lian Z, Peng X, Hu D. Circulating exosome level of indigenous fish may be a novel biomarker for the integrated ecotoxicity effect of water environment. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2022; 229:113084. [PMID: 34915223 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2021.113084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2021] [Revised: 11/28/2021] [Accepted: 12/10/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The deficiency of effective biomarker for the toxic effects of water pollutants greatly limits the application of biological monitoring. This study aimed to investigate the possibility of circulating exosomes of indigenous fish acting as biomarker for the ecotoxicity effect of water environment. The Helong Reservoir in Guangzhou, China, was chosen as the investigating field, of which the water quality belongs to Class V (2013) (GB 3838-2002, China). The clean drinking water source of the upper reaches of the Liuxihe Reservoir was selected as the control. Indigenous fishes including Oreochromis niloticus (Nile tilapia), Labeo rohita (Rohu), Carassius auratus (Crucian carp) were sampled during the period from July 2020 to April 2021. Circulating exosomes of fish samples were isolated by using ultracentrifugation, characterized with transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and quantified by using bicinchoninic acid (BCA) assay. Oxidative stress, DNA and chromosome damage in liver, kidney, brain, gill and blood of fish samples were measured. The results showed that there were significant differences in superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity, glutathione (GSH) and malondialdehyde (MDA) contents, DNA and chromosome damage in fish samples between the Helong Reservoir and the control. Interestingly, there were also significant differences in circulating exosome levels of fish samples between them. Our data suggested that circulating exosome level of indigenous fish may be a novel biomarker for the ecotoxicity effects of water environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meilin Tang
- Department of Environmental Health, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Research, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Ying Chen
- Department of Environmental Health, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Research, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Hongyi Xian
- Department of Environmental Health, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Research, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Suqin Tan
- Grade 2018 Undergraduate Student Majoring in Hygiene Quarantine, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Zhenwei Lian
- Department of Environmental Health, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Research, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Xiaowu Peng
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Health Risk Assessment, South China Institute of Environmental Sciences, Ministry of Ecology and Environment, Guangzhou 510655, China
| | - Dalin Hu
- Department of Environmental Health, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Research, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China.
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10
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He K, Luo X, Wen M, Wang C, Qin C, Shao J, Gan L, Dong R, Jiang H. Effect of acute ammonia toxicity on inflammation, oxidative stress and apoptosis in head kidney macrophage of Pelteobagrus fulvidraco and the alleviation of curcumin. Comp Biochem Physiol C Toxicol Pharmacol 2021; 248:109098. [PMID: 34139380 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpc.2021.109098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2021] [Revised: 05/23/2021] [Accepted: 05/31/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Ammonia is one of the most major pollutant and stress factors of aquaculture systems, and has seriously endangered fish health. However, few studies have been performed on mechanisms of the detrimental impact of ammonia stress and mitigation in fish. A study was carried out to investigate the response of genes involved in inflammation, antioxidation, polarization and apoptosis in head kidney macrophages to acute ammonia toxicity, and the alleviation effect of curcumin. The cells were divided into six groups, as follows: The control group composed of untreated macrophages (CON), the experimental groups, consisting of macrophages treated with 0.23 mg L-1 ammonia (AM), 45 μmol L-1 curcumin (CUR), 0.23 mg L-1 ammonia and 5 μmol L-1 curcumin (5A), 0.23 mg L-1 ammonia and 25 μmol L-1 curcumin (25A), 0.23 mg L-1 ammonia and 45 μmol L-1 curcumin (45A). The cells were pretreated with different concentrations of curcumin for 1 h and then incubated with ammonia for 24 h. The results showed that ammonia poisoning could increase ROS levels, up-regulate the expression of antioxidant enzymes (SOD and GPx), inflammatory cytokines (IL-1, IL-6 and TNF-α) and inflammatory mediators (NF-κB p65 and COX-2), decrease cell viability, down-regulate the expression of M2 marker (Arg-1) and anti-apoptosis (Bcl-2), but curcumin could alleviate the adverse effect of ammonia toxicity. Overall, these results have important implications for understanding of the mechanism of ammonia toxicity and the mitigating effect of curcumin in fish.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kewei He
- Breeding and Reproduction in The Plateau Mountainous Region, Ministry of Education, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China; College of Animal Science, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China.
| | - Xueping Luo
- Breeding and Reproduction in The Plateau Mountainous Region, Ministry of Education, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China; College of Animal Science, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China.
| | - Ming Wen
- College of Animal Science, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China; Key Laboratory for Animal Diseases and Veterinary Public Health of Guizhou Province, Guiyang 550025, China.
| | - Changan Wang
- Heilongjiang River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Harbin 150070, China.
| | - Chuanjie Qin
- Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province for Fishes Conservation and Utilization in the Upper Reaches of theYangtze River, Neijiang Normal University, Neijiang 641100, China.
| | - Jian Shao
- Breeding and Reproduction in The Plateau Mountainous Region, Ministry of Education, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China; College of Animal Science, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China.
| | - Lei Gan
- Breeding and Reproduction in The Plateau Mountainous Region, Ministry of Education, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China; College of Animal Science, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China.
| | - Ranran Dong
- Breeding and Reproduction in The Plateau Mountainous Region, Ministry of Education, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China; College of Animal Science, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China.
| | - Haibo Jiang
- Breeding and Reproduction in The Plateau Mountainous Region, Ministry of Education, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China; College of Animal Science, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China; Key Laboratory for Animal Diseases and Veterinary Public Health of Guizhou Province, Guiyang 550025, China.
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11
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Smith NC, Umasuthan N, Kumar S, Woldemariam NT, Andreassen R, Christian SL, Rise ML. Transcriptome Profiling of Atlantic Salmon Adherent Head Kidney Leukocytes Reveals That Macrophages Are Selectively Enriched During Culture. Front Immunol 2021; 12:709910. [PMID: 34484211 PMCID: PMC8415484 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.709910] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2021] [Accepted: 07/05/2021] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
The Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) is an economically important fish, both in aquaculture and in the wild. In vertebrates, macrophages are some of the first cell types to respond to pathogen infection and disease. While macrophage biology has been characterized in mammals, less is known in fish. Our previous work identified changes in the morphology, phagocytic ability, and miRNA profile of Atlantic salmon adherent head kidney leukocytes (HKLs) from predominantly “monocyte-like” at Day 1 of in vitro culture to predominantly “macrophage-like” at Day 5 of culture. Therefore, to further characterize these two cell populations, we examined the mRNA transcriptome profile in Day 1 and Day 5 HKLs using a 44K oligonucleotide microarray. Large changes in the transcriptome were revealed, including changes in the expression of macrophage and immune-related transcripts (e.g. csf1r, arg1, tnfa, mx2), lipid-related transcripts (e.g. fasn, dhcr7, fabp6), and transcription factors involved in macrophage differentiation and function (e.g. klf2, klf9, irf7, irf8, stat1). The in silico target prediction analysis of differentially expressed genes (DEGs) using miRNAs known to change expression in Day 5 HKLs, followed by gene pathway enrichment analysis, supported that these miRNAs may be involved in macrophage maturation by targeting specific DEGs. Elucidating how immune cells, such as macrophages, develop and function is a key step in understanding the Atlantic salmon immune system. Overall, the results indicate that, without the addition of exogenous factors, the adherent HKL cell population differentiates in vitro to become macrophage-like.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicole C Smith
- Department of Ocean Sciences, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John's, NL, Canada
| | | | - Surendra Kumar
- Department of Ocean Sciences, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John's, NL, Canada
| | - Nardos T Woldemariam
- Department of Life Sciences and Health, OsloMet-Oslo Metropolitan University, Oslo, Norway
| | - Rune Andreassen
- Department of Life Sciences and Health, OsloMet-Oslo Metropolitan University, Oslo, Norway
| | - Sherri L Christian
- Department of Biochemistry, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John's, NL, Canada
| | - Matthew L Rise
- Department of Ocean Sciences, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John's, NL, Canada
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12
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Salazar C, Galaz M, Ojeda N, Marshall SH. Expression of ssa-miR-155 during ISAV infection in vitro: Putative role as a modulator of the immune response in Salmo salar. DEVELOPMENTAL AND COMPARATIVE IMMUNOLOGY 2021; 122:104109. [PMID: 33930457 DOI: 10.1016/j.dci.2021.104109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2021] [Revised: 04/21/2021] [Accepted: 04/21/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Multiple cellular components are involved in pathogen-host interaction during viral infection; in this context, the role of miRNAs have become highly relevant. We assessed the expression of selected miRNAs during an in vitro infection of a Salmo salar cell line with Infectious Salmon Anemia Virus (ISAV), the causative agent of a severe disease by the same name. Salmon orthologs for miRNAs that regulate antiviral responses were measured using RT-qPCR in an in vitro time-course assay. We observed a modulation of specific miRNAs expression, where ssa-miR-155-5p was differentially over-expressed. Using in silico analysis, we identified the putative mRNA targets for ssa-miR-155-5p, finding a high prevalence of hosts immune response-related genes; moreover, several mRNAs involved in the viral infective process were also identified as targets for this miRNA. Our results suggest a relevant role for miR-155-5p in Salmo salar during an ISAV infection as a regulator of the immune response to the virus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carolina Salazar
- Instituto de Biologia, Pontificia Universidad Catolica de Valparaiso, Valparaiso, Chile
| | - Martín Galaz
- Instituto de Biologia, Pontificia Universidad Catolica de Valparaiso, Valparaiso, Chile
| | - Nicolás Ojeda
- Instituto de Biologia, Pontificia Universidad Catolica de Valparaiso, Valparaiso, Chile
| | - Sergio H Marshall
- Instituto de Biologia, Pontificia Universidad Catolica de Valparaiso, Valparaiso, Chile.
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13
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Tao L, Pang Y, Wang A, Li L, Shen Y, Xu X, Li J. Functional miR-142a-3p Induces Apoptosis and Macrophage Polarization by Targeting tnfaip2 and glut3 in Grass Carp ( Ctenopharyngodon idella). Front Immunol 2021; 12:633324. [PMID: 34262558 PMCID: PMC8273434 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.633324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2020] [Accepted: 06/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
In the process of microbial invasion, the inflammation reaction is induced to eliminate the pathogen. However, un-controlled or un-resolved inflammation can lead to tissue damage and death of the host. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are the signaling regulators that prevent the uncontrolled progress of an inflammatory response. Our previous work strongly indicated that miR-142a-3p is related to the immune regulation in grass carp. In the present study, we found that the expression of miR-142a-3p was down-regulated after infection by Aeromonas hydrophila. tnfaip2 and glut3 were confirmed as be the target genes of miR-142a-3p, which were confirmed by expression correlation analysis, gene overexpression, and dual luciferase reporter assay. The miR-142a-3p can reduce cell viability and stimulate cell apoptosis by targeting tnfaip2 and glut3. In addition, miR-142a-3p also regulates macrophage polarization induced by A. hydrophila. Our results suggest that miR-142a-3p has multiple functions in host antibacterial immune response. Our research provides further understanding of the molecular mechanisms between miRNAs and their target genes, and provides a new insights for the development of pro-resolution strategies for the treatment of complex inflammatory diseases in fish.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lizhu Tao
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Aquatic Genetic Resources Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China.,Institute of Fisheries of Chengdu Agriculture and Forestry Academy, Chengdu, China
| | - Yifan Pang
- National Demonstration Center for Experimental Fisheries Science Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China
| | - Anqi Wang
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Aquaculture, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China
| | - Lisen Li
- Comparative Endocrinology and Integrative Biology, Centre of Marine Sciences, Universidade Do Algarve, Faro, Portugal
| | - Yubang Shen
- National Demonstration Center for Experimental Fisheries Science Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaoyan Xu
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Aquatic Genetic Resources Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Aquaculture, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jiale Li
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Aquatic Genetic Resources Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China.,National Demonstration Center for Experimental Fisheries Science Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Aquaculture, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China
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