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Liu Y, Weng L, Wang Y, Zhang J, Wu Q, Zhao P, Shi Y, Wang P, Fang L. Deciphering the role of CD47 in cancer immunotherapy. J Adv Res 2024; 63:129-158. [PMID: 39167629 DOI: 10.1016/j.jare.2023.10.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2023] [Revised: 10/05/2023] [Accepted: 10/18/2023] [Indexed: 08/23/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Immunotherapy has emerged as a novel strategy for cancer treatment following surgery, radiotherapy, and chemotherapy. Immune checkpoint blockade and Chimeric antigen receptor (CAR)-T cell therapies have been successful in clinical trials. Cancer cells evade immune surveillance by hijacking inhibitory pathways via overexpression of checkpoint genes. The Cluster of Differentiation 47 (CD47) has emerged as a crucial checkpoint for cancer immunotherapy by working as a "don't eat me" signal and suppressing innate immune signaling. Furthermore, CD47 is highly expressed in many cancer types to protect cancer cells from phagocytosis via binding to SIRPα on phagocytes. Targeting CD47 by either interrupting the CD47-SIRPα axis or combing with other therapies has been demonstrated as an encouraging therapeutic strategy in cancer immunotherapy. Antibodies and small molecules that target CD47 have been explored in pre- and clinical trials. However, formidable challenges such as the anemia and palate aggregation cannot be avoided because of the wide presentation of CD47 on erythrocytes. AIM OF VIEW This review summarizes the current knowledge on the regulation and function of CD47, and provides a new perspective for immunotherapy targeting CD47. It also highlights the clinical progress of targeting CD47 and discusses challenges and potential strategies. KEY SCIENTIFIC CONCEPTS OF REVIEW This review provides a comprehensive understanding of targeting CD47 in cancer immunotherapy, it also augments the concept of combination immunotherapy strategies by employing both innate and adaptive immune responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu'e Liu
- Tongji University Cancer Center, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital of Tongji University, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Linjun Weng
- Tongji University Cancer Center, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital of Tongji University, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Yanjin Wang
- Department of Nephrology, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University, School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Jin Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Mississippi, Medical Center, 39216 Jackson, MS, USA
| | - Qi Wu
- Tongji University Cancer Center, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital of Tongji University, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Pengcheng Zhao
- School of Life Sciences and Medicine, Shandong University of Technology, No.266 Xincun West Road, Zibo 255000, Shandong Province, China
| | - Yufeng Shi
- Tongji University Cancer Center, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital of Tongji University, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China; Clinical Center for Brain and Spinal Cord Research, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China.
| | - Ping Wang
- Tongji University Cancer Center, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital of Tongji University, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China.
| | - Lan Fang
- Tongji University Cancer Center, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital of Tongji University, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China.
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2
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Romanishin A, Vasilev A, Khasanshin E, Evtekhov A, Pusynin E, Rubina K, Kakotkin V, Agapov M, Semina E. Oncolytic viral therapy for gliomas: Advances in the mechanisms and approaches to delivery. Virology 2024; 593:110033. [PMID: 38442508 DOI: 10.1016/j.virol.2024.110033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2023] [Revised: 02/04/2024] [Accepted: 02/19/2024] [Indexed: 03/07/2024]
Abstract
Glioma is a diverse category of tumors originating from glial cells encompasses various subtypes, based on the specific type of glial cells involved. The most aggressive is glioblastoma multiforme (GBM), which stands as the predominant primary malignant tumor within the central nervous system in adults. Despite the application of treatment strategy, the median survival rate for GBM patients still hovers around 15 months. Oncolytic viruses (OVs) are artificially engineered viruses designed to selectively target and induce apoptosis in cancer cells. While clinical trials have demonstrated encouraging results with intratumoral OV injections for some cancers, applying this approach to GBM presents unique challenges. Here we elaborate on current trends in oncolytic viral therapy and their delivery methods. We delve into the various methods of delivering OVs for therapy, exploring their respective advantages and disadvantages and discussing how selecting the optimal delivery method can enhance the efficacy of this innovative treatment approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Romanishin
- Institute of Medicine and Life Science, Immanuel Kant Baltic Federal University, Kaliningrad, 236041, Russia.
| | - A Vasilev
- Institute of Medicine and Life Science, Immanuel Kant Baltic Federal University, Kaliningrad, 236041, Russia
| | - E Khasanshin
- Kaliningrad Regional Hospital, Kaliningrad, 236016, Russia
| | - A Evtekhov
- Kaliningrad Regional Hospital, Kaliningrad, 236016, Russia
| | - E Pusynin
- Kaliningrad Regional Hospital, Kaliningrad, 236016, Russia
| | - K Rubina
- Faculty of Medicine, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Lomonosovsky Ave., 27/1, 119991, Moscow, Russia
| | - V Kakotkin
- Institute of Medicine and Life Science, Immanuel Kant Baltic Federal University, Kaliningrad, 236041, Russia
| | - M Agapov
- Institute of Medicine and Life Science, Immanuel Kant Baltic Federal University, Kaliningrad, 236041, Russia; Faculty of Medicine, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Lomonosovsky Ave., 27/1, 119991, Moscow, Russia
| | - E Semina
- Institute of Medicine and Life Science, Immanuel Kant Baltic Federal University, Kaliningrad, 236041, Russia; Faculty of Medicine, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Lomonosovsky Ave., 27/1, 119991, Moscow, Russia
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3
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Chen E, Ling AL, Reardon DA, Chiocca EA. Lessons learned from phase 3 trials of immunotherapy for glioblastoma: Time for longitudinal sampling? Neuro Oncol 2024; 26:211-225. [PMID: 37995317 PMCID: PMC10836778 DOI: 10.1093/neuonc/noad211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma (GBM)'s median overall survival is almost 21 months. Six phase 3 immunotherapy clinical trials have recently been published, yet 5/6 did not meet approval by regulatory bodies. For the sixth, approval is uncertain. Trial failures result from multiple factors, ranging from intrinsic tumor biology to clinical trial design. Understanding the clinical and basic science of these 6 trials is compelled by other immunotherapies reaching the point of advanced phase 3 clinical trial testing. We need to understand more of the science in human GBMs in early trials: the "window of opportunity" design may not be best to understand complex changes brought about by immunotherapeutic perturbations of the GBM microenvironment. The convergence of increased safety of image-guided biopsies with "multi-omics" of small cell numbers now permits longitudinal sampling of tumor and biofluids to dissect the complex temporal changes in the GBM microenvironment as a function of the immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ethan Chen
- Department of Neurosurgery, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Alexander L Ling
- Department of Neurosurgery, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - David A Reardon
- Center for Neuro-Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - E Antonio Chiocca
- Department of Neurosurgery, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
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4
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Niu L, Wang Q, Feng F, Yang W, Xie Z, Zheng G, Zhou W, Duan L, Du K, Li Y, Tian Y, Chen J, Xie Q, Fan A, Dan H, Liu J, Fan D, Hong L, Zhang J, Zheng J. Small extracellular vesicles-mediated cellular interactions between tumor cells and tumor-associated macrophages: Implication for immunotherapy. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2024; 1870:166917. [PMID: 37820821 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2023.166917] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2023] [Revised: 09/14/2023] [Accepted: 10/06/2023] [Indexed: 10/13/2023]
Abstract
The tumor microenvironment consists of cancer cells and various stromal cells, including macrophages, which exhibit diverse phenotypes with either pro-inflammatory (M1) or anti-inflammatory (M2) effects. The interaction between cancer cells and macrophages plays a crucial role in tumor progression. Small extracellular vesicles (sEVs), which facilitate intercellular communication, are known to play a vital role in this process. This review provides a comprehensive summary of how sEVs derived from cancer cells, containing miRNAs, lncRNAs, proteins, and lipids, can influence macrophage polarization. Additionally, we discuss the impact of macrophage-secreted sEVs on tumor malignant transformation, including effects on proliferation, metastasis, angiogenesis, chemoresistance, and immune escape. Furthermore, we address the therapeutic advancements and current challenges associated with macrophage-associated sEVs, along with potential solutions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liaoran Niu
- Department of Digestive Surgery, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China; State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology and National Clinical Research Center for Digestive Diseases, Xijing Hospital of Digestive Diseases, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Qi Wang
- Department of Dermatology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710032, China
| | - Fan Feng
- Department of Digestive Surgery, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Wanli Yang
- Department of Digestive Surgery, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China; State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology and National Clinical Research Center for Digestive Diseases, Xijing Hospital of Digestive Diseases, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Zhenyu Xie
- Department of Digestive Surgery, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Gaozan Zheng
- Department of Digestive Surgery, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Wei Zhou
- Department of Digestive Surgery, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China; State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology and National Clinical Research Center for Digestive Diseases, Xijing Hospital of Digestive Diseases, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Lili Duan
- Department of Digestive Surgery, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China; State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology and National Clinical Research Center for Digestive Diseases, Xijing Hospital of Digestive Diseases, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Kunli Du
- Department of Digestive Surgery, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Yiding Li
- Department of Digestive Surgery, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China; State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology and National Clinical Research Center for Digestive Diseases, Xijing Hospital of Digestive Diseases, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Ye Tian
- Department of Digestive Surgery, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China; State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology and National Clinical Research Center for Digestive Diseases, Xijing Hospital of Digestive Diseases, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Junfeng Chen
- Department of Digestive Surgery, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China; State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology and National Clinical Research Center for Digestive Diseases, Xijing Hospital of Digestive Diseases, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Qibin Xie
- Department of Digestive Surgery, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China; State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology and National Clinical Research Center for Digestive Diseases, Xijing Hospital of Digestive Diseases, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Aqiang Fan
- Department of Digestive Surgery, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China; State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology and National Clinical Research Center for Digestive Diseases, Xijing Hospital of Digestive Diseases, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Hanjun Dan
- Department of Digestive Surgery, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Jinqiang Liu
- Department of Digestive Surgery, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Daiming Fan
- State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology and National Clinical Research Center for Digestive Diseases, Xijing Hospital of Digestive Diseases, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Liu Hong
- Department of Digestive Surgery, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China; State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology and National Clinical Research Center for Digestive Diseases, Xijing Hospital of Digestive Diseases, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China.
| | - Jian Zhang
- The State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710032, China.
| | - Jianyong Zheng
- Department of Digestive Surgery, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China; Department of Aviation Medicine, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China.
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5
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Savchenko IV, Zlotnikov ID, Kudryashova EV. Biomimetic Systems Involving Macrophages and Their Potential for Targeted Drug Delivery. Biomimetics (Basel) 2023; 8:543. [PMID: 37999184 PMCID: PMC10669405 DOI: 10.3390/biomimetics8070543] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2023] [Revised: 09/10/2023] [Accepted: 11/10/2023] [Indexed: 11/25/2023] Open
Abstract
The concept of targeted drug delivery can be described in terms of the drug systems' ability to mimic the biological objects' property to localize to target cells or tissues. For example, drug delivery systems based on red blood cells or mimicking some of their useful features, such as long circulation in stealth mode, have been known for decades. On the contrary, therapeutic strategies based on macrophages have gained very limited attention until recently. Here, we review two biomimetic strategies associated with macrophages that can be used to develop new therapeutic modalities: first, the mimicry of certain types of macrophages (i.e., the use of macrophages, including tumor-associated or macrophage-derived particles as a carrier for the targeted delivery of therapeutic agents); second, the mimicry of ligands, naturally absorbed by macrophages (i.e., the use of therapeutic agents specifically targeted at macrophages). We discuss the potential applications of biomimetic systems involving macrophages for new advancements in the treatment of infections, inflammatory diseases, and cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Elena V. Kudryashova
- Faculty of Chemistry, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Leninskie Gory, 1/3, 119991 Moscow, Russia (I.D.Z.)
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6
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Finotto L, Cole B, Giese W, Baumann E, Claeys A, Vanmechelen M, Decraene B, Derweduwe M, Dubroja Lakic N, Shankar G, Nagathihalli Kantharaju M, Albrecht JP, Geudens I, Stanchi F, Ligon KL, Boeckx B, Lambrechts D, Harrington K, Van Den Bosch L, De Vleeschouwer S, De Smet F, Gerhardt H. Single-cell profiling and zebrafish avatars reveal LGALS1 as immunomodulating target in glioblastoma. EMBO Mol Med 2023; 15:e18144. [PMID: 37791581 PMCID: PMC10630887 DOI: 10.15252/emmm.202318144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2023] [Revised: 08/29/2023] [Accepted: 09/04/2023] [Indexed: 10/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma (GBM) remains the most malignant primary brain tumor, with a median survival rarely exceeding 2 years. Tumor heterogeneity and an immunosuppressive microenvironment are key factors contributing to the poor response rates of current therapeutic approaches. GBM-associated macrophages (GAMs) often exhibit immunosuppressive features that promote tumor progression. However, their dynamic interactions with GBM tumor cells remain poorly understood. Here, we used patient-derived GBM stem cell cultures and combined single-cell RNA sequencing of GAM-GBM co-cultures and real-time in vivo monitoring of GAM-GBM interactions in orthotopic zebrafish xenograft models to provide insight into the cellular, molecular, and spatial heterogeneity. Our analyses revealed substantial heterogeneity across GBM patients in GBM-induced GAM polarization and the ability to attract and activate GAMs-features that correlated with patient survival. Differential gene expression analysis, immunohistochemistry on original tumor samples, and knock-out experiments in zebrafish subsequently identified LGALS1 as a primary regulator of immunosuppression. Overall, our work highlights that GAM-GBM interactions can be studied in a clinically relevant way using co-cultures and avatar models, while offering new opportunities to identify promising immune-modulating targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lise Finotto
- Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz AssociationBerlinGermany
- VIB ‐ KU Leuven Center for Cancer BiologyVIB ‐ KU LeuvenLeuvenBelgium
- The Laboratory for Precision Cancer Medicine, Translational Cell and Tissue Research Unit, Department of Imaging & PathologyKU LeuvenLeuvenBelgium
- KU Leuven Institute for Single Cell Omics (LISCO)KU LeuvenLeuvenBelgium
| | - Basiel Cole
- The Laboratory for Precision Cancer Medicine, Translational Cell and Tissue Research Unit, Department of Imaging & PathologyKU LeuvenLeuvenBelgium
- KU Leuven Institute for Single Cell Omics (LISCO)KU LeuvenLeuvenBelgium
| | - Wolfgang Giese
- Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz AssociationBerlinGermany
- DZHK (German Center for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site BerlinBerlinGermany
| | - Elisabeth Baumann
- Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz AssociationBerlinGermany
- Charité ‐ Universitätsmedizin BerlinBerlinGermany
| | - Annelies Claeys
- The Laboratory for Precision Cancer Medicine, Translational Cell and Tissue Research Unit, Department of Imaging & PathologyKU LeuvenLeuvenBelgium
- KU Leuven Institute for Single Cell Omics (LISCO)KU LeuvenLeuvenBelgium
| | - Maxime Vanmechelen
- The Laboratory for Precision Cancer Medicine, Translational Cell and Tissue Research Unit, Department of Imaging & PathologyKU LeuvenLeuvenBelgium
- KU Leuven Institute for Single Cell Omics (LISCO)KU LeuvenLeuvenBelgium
- Department of Medical OncologyUniversity Hospitals LeuvenLeuvenBelgium
| | - Brecht Decraene
- The Laboratory for Precision Cancer Medicine, Translational Cell and Tissue Research Unit, Department of Imaging & PathologyKU LeuvenLeuvenBelgium
- KU Leuven Institute for Single Cell Omics (LISCO)KU LeuvenLeuvenBelgium
- Laboratory of Experimental Neurosurgery and Neuroanatomy, Department of Neurosciences, KU Leuven & Leuven Brain Institute (LBI)KU LeuvenLeuvenBelgium
- Department of NeurosurgeryUniversity Hospitals LeuvenLeuvenBelgium
| | - Marleen Derweduwe
- The Laboratory for Precision Cancer Medicine, Translational Cell and Tissue Research Unit, Department of Imaging & PathologyKU LeuvenLeuvenBelgium
- KU Leuven Institute for Single Cell Omics (LISCO)KU LeuvenLeuvenBelgium
| | - Nikolina Dubroja Lakic
- The Laboratory for Precision Cancer Medicine, Translational Cell and Tissue Research Unit, Department of Imaging & PathologyKU LeuvenLeuvenBelgium
- KU Leuven Institute for Single Cell Omics (LISCO)KU LeuvenLeuvenBelgium
| | - Gautam Shankar
- The Laboratory for Precision Cancer Medicine, Translational Cell and Tissue Research Unit, Department of Imaging & PathologyKU LeuvenLeuvenBelgium
- KU Leuven Institute for Single Cell Omics (LISCO)KU LeuvenLeuvenBelgium
| | - Madhu Nagathihalli Kantharaju
- Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz AssociationBerlinGermany
- Humboldt University of BerlinBerlinGermany
| | - Jan Philipp Albrecht
- Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz AssociationBerlinGermany
- Humboldt University of BerlinBerlinGermany
| | - Ilse Geudens
- VIB ‐ KU Leuven Center for Cancer BiologyVIB ‐ KU LeuvenLeuvenBelgium
| | - Fabio Stanchi
- VIB ‐ KU Leuven Center for Cancer BiologyVIB ‐ KU LeuvenLeuvenBelgium
| | - Keith L Ligon
- Center for Neuro‐oncologyDana‐Farber Cancer InstituteBostonMAUSA
- Department of PathologyBrigham and Women's HospitalBostonMAUSA
- Department of PathologyHarvard Medical SchoolBostonMAUSA
| | - Bram Boeckx
- VIB ‐ KU Leuven Center for Cancer BiologyVIB ‐ KU LeuvenLeuvenBelgium
- KU Leuven Institute for Single Cell Omics (LISCO)KU LeuvenLeuvenBelgium
- Laboratory of Translational Genetics, Department of Human GeneticsKU LeuvenLeuvenBelgium
| | - Diether Lambrechts
- VIB ‐ KU Leuven Center for Cancer BiologyVIB ‐ KU LeuvenLeuvenBelgium
- KU Leuven Institute for Single Cell Omics (LISCO)KU LeuvenLeuvenBelgium
- Laboratory of Translational Genetics, Department of Human GeneticsKU LeuvenLeuvenBelgium
| | - Kyle Harrington
- Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz AssociationBerlinGermany
- Chan Zuckerberg InitiativeRedwood CityCAUSA
| | - Ludo Van Den Bosch
- Laboratory of Neurobiology, Department of Neurosciences, Experimental Neurology & Leuven Brain Institute (LBI)KU LeuvenLeuvenBelgium
- VIB ‐ KU Leuven Center for Brain & Disease Research, Laboratory of NeurobiologyVIB ‐ KU LeuvenLeuvenBelgium
| | - Steven De Vleeschouwer
- KU Leuven Institute for Single Cell Omics (LISCO)KU LeuvenLeuvenBelgium
- Laboratory of Experimental Neurosurgery and Neuroanatomy, Department of Neurosciences, KU Leuven & Leuven Brain Institute (LBI)KU LeuvenLeuvenBelgium
- Department of NeurosurgeryUniversity Hospitals LeuvenLeuvenBelgium
| | - Frederik De Smet
- The Laboratory for Precision Cancer Medicine, Translational Cell and Tissue Research Unit, Department of Imaging & PathologyKU LeuvenLeuvenBelgium
- KU Leuven Institute for Single Cell Omics (LISCO)KU LeuvenLeuvenBelgium
| | - Holger Gerhardt
- Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz AssociationBerlinGermany
- DZHK (German Center for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site BerlinBerlinGermany
- Charité ‐ Universitätsmedizin BerlinBerlinGermany
- Berlin Institute of HealthBerlinGermany
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Feng Y, Huang C, Wang Y, Chen J. SIRPα: A key player in innate immunity. Eur J Immunol 2023; 53:e2350375. [PMID: 37672390 DOI: 10.1002/eji.202350375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2023] [Revised: 07/15/2023] [Accepted: 09/05/2023] [Indexed: 09/08/2023]
Abstract
Signal regulatory protein alpha (SIRPα) is a crucial inhibitory regulator expressed on the surface of myeloid cells, including macrophages, dendritic cells, monocytes, neutrophils, and microglia. SIRPα plays an indispensable role in innate immune and adoptive immune responses in cancer immunology, tissue homeostasis, and other physiological or phycological conditions. This review provides an overview of the research history, ligands, signal transduction pathways, and functional mechanisms associated with SIRPα. Additionally, we summarize the therapeutic implications of targeting SIRPα as a promising novel strategy in immuno-oncology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongyi Feng
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Chunliu Huang
- Molecular Imaging Center, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Biomedical Imaging, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai, China
| | - Yingzhao Wang
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jun Chen
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Engineering & Technology Research Center for Disease-Model Animals, Laboratory Animal Center, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Control of the Ministry of Education, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
- Jinfeng Laboratory, Chongqing, China
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8
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Liang X, Gao H, Xiao J, Han S, He J, Yuan R, Yang S, Yao C. Abrine, an IDO1 inhibitor, suppresses the immune escape and enhances the immunotherapy of anti-PD-1 antibody in hepatocellular carcinoma. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1185985. [PMID: 37334368 PMCID: PMC10272936 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1185985] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2023] [Accepted: 05/16/2023] [Indexed: 06/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Indoleamine-2,3-dioxygenase 1 (IDO1) is responsible for tumor immune escape by regulating T cell-associated immune responses and promoting the activation of immunosuppressive. Given the vital role of IDO1 in immune response, further investigation on the regulation of IDO1 in tumors is needed. Methods Herein, we used ELISA kit to detect the interferon-gamma (IFN-γ), Tryptophan (Trp), and kynurenic acid (Kyn) levels; western blot, Flow cytometry, and immunofluorescence assays detected the expression of the proteins; Molecular docking assay, SPR assay and Cellular Thermal Shift Assay (CETSA) were used to detect the interaction between IDO1 and Abrine; nano live label-free system was used to detect the phagocytosis activity; tumor xenografts animal experiments were used to explore the anti-tumor effect of Abrine; flow cytometry detected the immune cells changes. Results The important immune and inflammatory response cytokine interferon-gamma (IFN-γ) up-regulated the IDO1 expression in cancer cells through the methylation of 6-methyladenosine (m6A) m6A modification of RNA, metabolism of Trp into Kyn, and JAK1/STAT1 signaling pathway, which could be inhibited by IDO1 inhibitor Abrine. CD47 is IFN-γ-stimulated genes (ISGs) and prevents the phagocytosis of macrophages, leading to the cancer immune escape, and this effect could be inhibited by Abrine both in vivo and in vitro. The PD-1/PD-L1 axis is an important immune checkpoint in regulating immune response, overexpression of PD-1 or PD-L1 promotes immune suppression, while in this study Abrine could inhibit the expression of PD-L1 in cancer cells or tumor tissue. The combination treatment of Abrine and anti-PD-1 antibody has a synergistic effect on suppressing the tumor growth through up-regulating CD4+ or CD8+ T cells, down-regulating the Foxp3+ Treg cells, and inhibiting the expression of IDO1, CD47, and PD-L1. Conclusion Overall, this study reveals that Abrine as an IDO1 inhibitor has an inhibition effect on immune escape and has a synergistic effect with the anti-PD-1 antibody on the treatment of HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaowei Liang
- College of Pharmacy, Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning, China
- Engineering Research Center in Ministry of Education for Innovative Drugs of Traditional Chinese Medicine and Zhuang Yao Medicine, Nanning, China
| | - Hongwei Gao
- College of Pharmacy, Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning, China
- Engineering Research Center in Ministry of Education for Innovative Drugs of Traditional Chinese Medicine and Zhuang Yao Medicine, Nanning, China
| | - Jian Xiao
- Engineering Research Center in Ministry of Education for Innovative Drugs of Traditional Chinese Medicine and Zhuang Yao Medicine, Nanning, China
| | - Shan Han
- College of Pharmacy, Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning, China
- Engineering Research Center in Ministry of Education for Innovative Drugs of Traditional Chinese Medicine and Zhuang Yao Medicine, Nanning, China
| | - Jia He
- College of Pharmacy, Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning, China
- Engineering Research Center in Ministry of Education for Innovative Drugs of Traditional Chinese Medicine and Zhuang Yao Medicine, Nanning, China
| | - Renyikun Yuan
- College of Pharmacy, Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning, China
- Engineering Research Center in Ministry of Education for Innovative Drugs of Traditional Chinese Medicine and Zhuang Yao Medicine, Nanning, China
| | - Shilin Yang
- College of Pharmacy, Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning, China
- Engineering Research Center in Ministry of Education for Innovative Drugs of Traditional Chinese Medicine and Zhuang Yao Medicine, Nanning, China
| | - Chun Yao
- Engineering Research Center in Ministry of Education for Innovative Drugs of Traditional Chinese Medicine and Zhuang Yao Medicine, Nanning, China
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9
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Gillette JS, Wang EJ, Dowd RS, Toms SA. Barriers to overcoming immunotherapy resistance in glioblastoma. Front Med (Lausanne) 2023; 10:1175507. [PMID: 37275361 PMCID: PMC10232794 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2023.1175507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2023] [Accepted: 04/12/2023] [Indexed: 06/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is the most common malignant primary brain tumor, known for its poor prognosis and high recurrence rate. Current standard of care includes surgical resection followed by combined radiotherapy and chemotherapy. Although immunotherapies have yielded promising results in hematological malignancies, their successful application in GBM remains limited due to a host of immunosuppressive factors unique to GBM. As a result of these roadblocks, research efforts have focused on utilizing combinatorial immunotherapies that target networks of immune processes in GBM with promising results in both preclinical and clinical trials, although limitations in overcoming the immunosuppressive factors within GBM remain. In this review, we aim to discuss the intrinsic and adaptive immune resistance unique to GBM and to summarize the current evidence and outcomes of engineered and non-engineered treatments targeted at overcoming GBM resistance to immunotherapy. Additionally, we aim to highlight the most promising strategies of targeted GBM immunotherapy combinatorial treatments and the insights that may directly improve the current patient prognosis and clinical care.
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10
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Zhang P, Rashidi A, Zhao J, Silvers C, Wang H, Castro B, Ellingwood A, Han Y, Lopez-Rosas A, Zannikou M, Dmello C, Levine R, Xiao T, Cordero A, Sonabend AM, Balyasnikova IV, Lee-Chang C, Miska J, Lesniak MS. STING agonist-loaded, CD47/PD-L1-targeting nanoparticles potentiate antitumor immunity and radiotherapy for glioblastoma. Nat Commun 2023; 14:1610. [PMID: 36959214 PMCID: PMC10036562 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-37328-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 48.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2022] [Accepted: 03/08/2023] [Indexed: 03/25/2023] Open
Abstract
As a key component of the standard of care for glioblastoma, radiotherapy induces several immune resistance mechanisms, such as upregulation of CD47 and PD-L1. Here, leveraging these radiotherapy-elicited processes, we generate a bridging-lipid nanoparticle (B-LNP) that engages tumor-associated myeloid cells (TAMCs) to glioblastoma cells via anti-CD47/PD-L1 dual ligation. We show that the engager B-LNPs block CD47 and PD-L1 and promote TAMC phagocytic activity. To enhance subsequent T cell recruitment and antitumor responses after tumor engulfment, the B-LNP was encapsulated with diABZI, a non-nucleotidyl agonist for stimulator of interferon genes. In vivo treatment with diABZI-loaded B-LNPs induced a transcriptomic and metabolic switch in TAMCs, turning these immunosuppressive cells into antitumor effectors, which induced T cell infiltration and activation in brain tumors. In preclinical murine models, B-LNP/diABZI administration synergized with radiotherapy to promote brain tumor regression and induce immunological memory against glioma. In summary, our study describes a nanotechnology-based approach that hijacks irradiation-triggered immune checkpoint molecules to boost potent and long-lasting antitumor immunity against glioblastoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Zhang
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Lou and Jean Malnati Brain Tumor Institute, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA.
| | - Aida Rashidi
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Lou and Jean Malnati Brain Tumor Institute, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Junfei Zhao
- Program for Mathematical Genomics, Department of Systems Biology, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Caylee Silvers
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Lou and Jean Malnati Brain Tumor Institute, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Hanxiang Wang
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Lou and Jean Malnati Brain Tumor Institute, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Brandyn Castro
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Lou and Jean Malnati Brain Tumor Institute, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Abby Ellingwood
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Lou and Jean Malnati Brain Tumor Institute, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Yu Han
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Lou and Jean Malnati Brain Tumor Institute, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Aurora Lopez-Rosas
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Lou and Jean Malnati Brain Tumor Institute, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Markella Zannikou
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Lou and Jean Malnati Brain Tumor Institute, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Crismita Dmello
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Lou and Jean Malnati Brain Tumor Institute, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Rebecca Levine
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Lou and Jean Malnati Brain Tumor Institute, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Ting Xiao
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Lou and Jean Malnati Brain Tumor Institute, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Alex Cordero
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Lou and Jean Malnati Brain Tumor Institute, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Adam M Sonabend
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Lou and Jean Malnati Brain Tumor Institute, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Irina V Balyasnikova
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Lou and Jean Malnati Brain Tumor Institute, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Catalina Lee-Chang
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Lou and Jean Malnati Brain Tumor Institute, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Jason Miska
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Lou and Jean Malnati Brain Tumor Institute, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA.
| | - Maciej S Lesniak
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Lou and Jean Malnati Brain Tumor Institute, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA.
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11
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Knauer N, Meschaninova M, Muhammad S, Hänggi D, Majoral JP, Kahlert UD, Kozlov V, Apartsin EK. Effects of Dendrimer-microRNA Nanoformulations against Glioblastoma Stem Cells. Pharmaceutics 2023; 15:pharmaceutics15030968. [PMID: 36986829 PMCID: PMC10056969 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics15030968] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2023] [Revised: 03/06/2023] [Accepted: 03/15/2023] [Indexed: 03/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma is a rapidly progressing tumor quite resistant to conventional treatment. These features are currently assigned to a self-sustaining population of glioblastoma stem cells. Anti-tumor stem cell therapy calls for a new means of treatment. In particular, microRNA-based treatment is a solution, which in turn requires specific carriers for intracellular delivery of functional oligonucleotides. Herein, we report a preclinical in vitro validation of antitumor activity of nanoformulations containing antitumor microRNA miR-34a and microRNA-21 synthetic inhibitor and polycationic phosphorus and carbosilane dendrimers. The testing was carried out in a panel of glioblastoma and glioma cell lines, glioblastoma stem-like cells and induced pluripotent stem cells. We have shown dendrimer-microRNA nanoformulations to induce cell death in a controllable manner, with cytotoxic effects being more pronounced in tumor cells than in non-tumor stem cells. Furthermore, nanoformulations affected the expression of proteins responsible for interactions between the tumor and its immune microenvironment: surface markers (PD-L1, TIM3, CD47) and IL-10. Our findings evidence the potential of dendrimer-based therapeutic constructions for the anti-tumor stem cell therapy worth further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadezhda Knauer
- Research Institute of Fundamental and Clinical Immunology, 630099 Novosibirsk, Russia
- Clinic for Neurosurgery, Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine University Medical Center Düsseldorf, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Mariya Meschaninova
- Institute of Chemical Biology and Fundamental Medicine SB RAS, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Sajjad Muhammad
- Clinic for Neurosurgery, Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine University Medical Center Düsseldorf, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Daniel Hänggi
- Clinic for Neurosurgery, Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine University Medical Center Düsseldorf, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Jean-Pierre Majoral
- Laboratoire de Chimie de Coordination, CNRS, 205 Route de Narbonne, CEDEX 04, 31077 Toulouse, France
| | - Ulf Dietrich Kahlert
- Molecular and Experimental Surgery, Clinic for General-, Visceral-, Vascular-, and Transplant-Surgery, Medical Faculty, University Hospital Magdeburg, 39120 Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Vladimir Kozlov
- Research Institute of Fundamental and Clinical Immunology, 630099 Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Evgeny K. Apartsin
- Univ. Bordeaux, CNRS, Bordeaux INP, CBMN, UMR 5248, 33600 Pessac, France
- Correspondence:
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12
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Emerging phagocytosis checkpoints in cancer immunotherapy. Signal Transduct Target Ther 2023; 8:104. [PMID: 36882399 PMCID: PMC9990587 DOI: 10.1038/s41392-023-01365-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 39.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2022] [Revised: 01/31/2023] [Accepted: 02/14/2023] [Indexed: 03/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Cancer immunotherapy, mainly including immune checkpoints-targeted therapy and the adoptive transfer of engineered immune cells, has revolutionized the oncology landscape as it utilizes patients' own immune systems in combating the cancer cells. Cancer cells escape immune surveillance by hijacking the corresponding inhibitory pathways via overexpressing checkpoint genes. Phagocytosis checkpoints, such as CD47, CD24, MHC-I, PD-L1, STC-1 and GD2, have emerged as essential checkpoints for cancer immunotherapy by functioning as "don't eat me" signals or interacting with "eat me" signals to suppress immune responses. Phagocytosis checkpoints link innate immunity and adaptive immunity in cancer immunotherapy. Genetic ablation of these phagocytosis checkpoints, as well as blockade of their signaling pathways, robustly augments phagocytosis and reduces tumor size. Among all phagocytosis checkpoints, CD47 is the most thoroughly studied and has emerged as a rising star among targets for cancer treatment. CD47-targeting antibodies and inhibitors have been investigated in various preclinical and clinical trials. However, anemia and thrombocytopenia appear to be formidable challenges since CD47 is ubiquitously expressed on erythrocytes. Here, we review the reported phagocytosis checkpoints by discussing their mechanisms and functions in cancer immunotherapy, highlight clinical progress in targeting these checkpoints and discuss challenges and potential solutions to smooth the way for combination immunotherapeutic strategies that involve both innate and adaptive immune responses.
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13
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HS, an Ancient Molecular Recognition and Information Storage Glycosaminoglycan, Equips HS-Proteoglycans with Diverse Matrix and Cell-Interactive Properties Operative in Tissue Development and Tissue Function in Health and Disease. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24021148. [PMID: 36674659 PMCID: PMC9867265 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24021148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2022] [Revised: 12/23/2022] [Accepted: 12/27/2022] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Heparan sulfate is a ubiquitous, variably sulfated interactive glycosaminoglycan that consists of repeating disaccharides of glucuronic acid and glucosamine that are subject to a number of modifications (acetylation, de-acetylation, epimerization, sulfation). Variable heparan sulfate chain lengths and sequences within the heparan sulfate chains provide structural diversity generating interactive oligosaccharide binding motifs with a diverse range of extracellular ligands and cellular receptors providing instructional cues over cellular behaviour and tissue homeostasis through the regulation of essential physiological processes in development, health, and disease. heparan sulfate and heparan sulfate-PGs are integral components of the specialized glycocalyx surrounding cells. Heparan sulfate is the most heterogeneous glycosaminoglycan, in terms of its sequence and biosynthetic modifications making it a difficult molecule to fully characterize, multiple ligands also make an elucidation of heparan sulfate functional properties complicated. Spatio-temporal presentation of heparan sulfate sulfate groups is an important functional determinant in tissue development and in cellular control of wound healing and extracellular remodelling in pathological tissues. The regulatory properties of heparan sulfate are mediated via interactions with chemokines, chemokine receptors, growth factors and morphogens in cell proliferation, differentiation, development, tissue remodelling, wound healing, immune regulation, inflammation, and tumour development. A greater understanding of these HS interactive processes will improve therapeutic procedures and prognoses. Advances in glycosaminoglycan synthesis and sequencing, computational analytical carbohydrate algorithms and advanced software for the evaluation of molecular docking of heparan sulfate with its molecular partners are now available. These advanced analytic techniques and artificial intelligence offer predictive capability in the elucidation of heparan sulfate conformational effects on heparan sulfate-ligand interactions significantly aiding heparan sulfate therapeutics development.
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14
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Feng C, Chen R, Fang W, Gao X, Ying H, Zheng X, Chen L, Jiang J. Synergistic effect of CD47 blockade in combination with cordycepin treatment against cancer. Front Pharmacol 2023; 14:1144330. [PMID: 37138855 PMCID: PMC10149837 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2023.1144330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2023] [Accepted: 03/21/2023] [Indexed: 05/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Cordycepin is widely considered a direct tumor-suppressive agent. However, few studies have investigated as the effect of cordycepin therapy on the tumor microenvironment (TME). In our present study, we demonstrated that cordycepin could weaken the function of M1-like macrophages in the TME and also contribute to macrophage polarization toward the M2 phenotype. Herein, we established a combined therapeutic strategy combining cordycepin and an anti-CD47 antibody. By using single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq), we showed that the combination treatment could significantly enhance the effect of cordycepin, which would reactivate macrophages and reverse macrophage polarization. In addition, the combination treatment could regulate the proportion of CD8+ T cells to prolong the progression-free survival (PFS) of patients with digestive tract malignancies. Finally, flow cytometry validated the changes in the proportions of tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) and tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs). Collectively, our findings suggested that the combination treatment of cordycepin and the anti-CD47 antibody could significantly enhance tumor suppression, increase the proportion of M1 macrophages, and decrease the proportion of M2 macrophages. In addition, the PFS in patients with digestive tract malignancies would be prolonged by regulating CD8 + T cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen Feng
- Department of Tumor Biological Treatment, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Chang Zhou, Jiang Su, China
- Jiangsu Engineering Research Center for Tumor Immunotherapy, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Chang Zhou, Jiang Su, China
- Institute of Cell Therapy, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Chang Zhou, Jiang Su, China
| | - Rongzhang Chen
- Department of Tumor Biological Treatment, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Chang Zhou, Jiang Su, China
- Jiangsu Engineering Research Center for Tumor Immunotherapy, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Chang Zhou, Jiang Su, China
- Institute of Cell Therapy, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Chang Zhou, Jiang Su, China
| | - Weiwei Fang
- Department of Tumor Biological Treatment, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Chang Zhou, Jiang Su, China
- Jiangsu Engineering Research Center for Tumor Immunotherapy, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Chang Zhou, Jiang Su, China
- Institute of Cell Therapy, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Chang Zhou, Jiang Su, China
| | - Xinran Gao
- Department of Tumor Biological Treatment, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Chang Zhou, Jiang Su, China
- Jiangsu Engineering Research Center for Tumor Immunotherapy, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Chang Zhou, Jiang Su, China
- Institute of Cell Therapy, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Chang Zhou, Jiang Su, China
| | - Hanjie Ying
- College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, Jiang Su, China
| | - Xiao Zheng
- Department of Tumor Biological Treatment, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Chang Zhou, Jiang Su, China
- Jiangsu Engineering Research Center for Tumor Immunotherapy, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Chang Zhou, Jiang Su, China
- Institute of Cell Therapy, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Chang Zhou, Jiang Su, China
| | - Lujun Chen
- Department of Tumor Biological Treatment, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Chang Zhou, Jiang Su, China
- Jiangsu Engineering Research Center for Tumor Immunotherapy, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Chang Zhou, Jiang Su, China
- Institute of Cell Therapy, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Chang Zhou, Jiang Su, China
- *Correspondence: Jingting Jiang, ; Lujun Chen,
| | - Jingting Jiang
- Department of Tumor Biological Treatment, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Chang Zhou, Jiang Su, China
- Jiangsu Engineering Research Center for Tumor Immunotherapy, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Chang Zhou, Jiang Su, China
- Institute of Cell Therapy, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Chang Zhou, Jiang Su, China
- *Correspondence: Jingting Jiang, ; Lujun Chen,
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15
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Liu M, Liu L, Song Y, Li W, Xu L. Targeting macrophages: a novel treatment strategy in solid tumors. J Transl Med 2022; 20:586. [PMID: 36510315 PMCID: PMC9743606 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-022-03813-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2022] [Accepted: 12/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
In the tumor microenvironment (TME), tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) are the most abundant immune cells, which act as a key regulator in tumorigenesis and progression. Increasing evidence have demonstrated that the TME alters the nature of macrophages to maintain dynamic tissue homeostasis, allowing TAMs to acquire the ability to stimulate angiogenesis, promote tumor metastasis and recurrence, and suppress anti-tumor immune responses. Furthermore, tumors with high TAM infiltration have poor prognoses and are resistant to treatment. In the field of solid tumor, the exploration of tumor-promoting mechanisms of TAMs has attracted much attention and targeting TAMs has emerged as a promising immunotherapeutic strategy. Currently, the most common therapeutic options for targeting TAMs are as follows: the deletion of TAMs, the inhibition of TAMs recruitment, the release of phagocytosis by TAMs, and the reprogramming of macrophages to remodel their anti-tumor capacity. Promisingly, the study of chimeric antigen receptor macrophages (CAR-Ms) may provide even greater benefit for patients with solid tumors. In this review, we discuss how TAMs promote the progression of solid tumors as well as summarize emerging immunotherapeutic strategies that targeting macrophages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengmeng Liu
- grid.414008.90000 0004 1799 4638Department of Research and Foreign Affairs, The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Zhengzhou University and Henan Cancer Hospital, Zhengzhou, 450008 China ,grid.207374.50000 0001 2189 3846Academy of Medical Sciences of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052 China
| | - Lina Liu
- grid.414008.90000 0004 1799 4638Department of Hematology, The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Zhengzhou University and Henan Cancer Hospital, Zhengzhou, 450008 China
| | - Yongping Song
- grid.412633.10000 0004 1799 0733Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052 Henan China
| | - Wei Li
- grid.412633.10000 0004 1799 0733Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052 Henan China
| | - Linping Xu
- grid.414008.90000 0004 1799 4638Department of Research and Foreign Affairs, The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Zhengzhou University and Henan Cancer Hospital, Zhengzhou, 450008 China
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16
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Oh HH, Park YL, Park SY, Myung E, Im CM, Yu HJ, Han B, Seo YJ, Kim KH, Myung DS, Cho SB, Lee WS, Park D, Joo YE. CD47 mediates the progression of colorectal cancer by inducing tumor cell apoptosis and angiogenesis. Pathol Res Pract 2022; 240:154220. [DOI: 10.1016/j.prp.2022.154220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2022] [Revised: 11/07/2022] [Accepted: 11/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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17
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Yaping W, Zhe W, Zhuling C, Ruolei L, Pengyu F, Lili G, Cheng J, Bo Z, Liuyin L, Guangdong H, Yaoling W, Niuniu H, Rui L. The soldiers needed to be awakened: Tumor-infiltrating immune cells. Front Genet 2022; 13:988703. [PMID: 36246629 PMCID: PMC9558824 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2022.988703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2022] [Accepted: 08/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
In the tumor microenvironment, tumor-infiltrating immune cells (TIICs) are a key component. Different types of TIICs play distinct roles. CD8+ T cells and natural killer (NK) cells could secrete soluble factors to hinder tumor cell growth, whereas regulatory T cells (Tregs) and myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) release inhibitory factors to promote tumor growth and progression. In the meantime, a growing body of evidence illustrates that the balance between pro- and anti-tumor responses of TIICs is associated with the prognosis in the tumor microenvironment. Therefore, in order to boost anti-tumor response and improve the clinical outcome of tumor patients, a variety of anti-tumor strategies for targeting TIICs based on their respective functions have been developed and obtained good treatment benefits, including mainly immune checkpoint blockade (ICB), adoptive cell therapies (ACT), chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cells, and various monoclonal antibodies. In recent years, the tumor-specific features of immune cells are further investigated by various methods, such as using single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq), and the results indicate that these cells have diverse phenotypes in different types of tumors and emerge inconsistent therapeutic responses. Hence, we concluded the recent advances in tumor-infiltrating immune cells, including functions, prognostic values, and various immunotherapy strategies for each immune cell in different tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wang Yaping
- Department of Thyroid, Breast and Vascular Surgery, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, China
| | - Wang Zhe
- Department of Thyroid, Breast and Vascular Surgery, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, China
| | - Chu Zhuling
- Department of General Surgery, Eastern Theater Air Force Hospital of PLA, Nanjing, China
| | - Li Ruolei
- Department of Thyroid, Breast and Vascular Surgery, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, China
| | - Fan Pengyu
- Department of Thyroid, Breast and Vascular Surgery, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, China
| | - Guo Lili
- Department of Thyroid, Breast and Vascular Surgery, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, China
| | - Ji Cheng
- Department of Thyroid, Breast and Vascular Surgery, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, China
| | - Zhang Bo
- Department of Thyroid, Breast and Vascular Surgery, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, China
| | - Liu Liuyin
- Department of Thyroid, Breast and Vascular Surgery, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, China
| | - Hou Guangdong
- Department of Urology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, China
| | - Wang Yaoling
- Department of Geriatrics, Union Hospital of Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Hou Niuniu
- Department of Thyroid, Breast and Vascular Surgery, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, China
- Department of General Surgery, Eastern Theater Air Force Hospital of PLA, Nanjing, China
- *Correspondence: Hou Niuniu, ; Ling Rui,
| | - Ling Rui
- Department of Thyroid, Breast and Vascular Surgery, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, China
- *Correspondence: Hou Niuniu, ; Ling Rui,
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18
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Hu J, Dong F, He Y, Xia X, Cheng F, Chen S, Hou X, Zhang P, Liu G, Li Y, Gao Q, Dong M, Li T, Li W, Xiao Q, Li X, Yu X, Xi G, Guo D, Wu X, Wang B. LRIG2 promotes glioblastoma progression by modulating innate antitumor immunity through macrophage infiltration and polarization. J Immunother Cancer 2022; 10:jitc-2021-004452. [PMID: 36096529 PMCID: PMC9472135 DOI: 10.1136/jitc-2021-004452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Glioblastoma (GBM) is the most common malignant brain tumor with poor clinical outcomes. Immunotherapy has recently been an attractive and promising treatment of extracranial malignancies, however, most of clinical trials for GBM immunotherapy failed due to predominant accumulation of tumor-associated microglia/macrophages (TAMs). Results High level of LRIG2/soluble LRIG2 (sLRIG2) expression activates immune-related signaling pathways, which are associated with poor prognosis in GBM patients. LRIG2/sLRIGs promotes CD47 expression and facilitates TAM recruitment. Blockade of CD47–SIRPα interactions and inhibition of sLRIG2 secretion synergistically suppress GBM progression in an orthotropic murine GBM model. Conclusions GBM cells with high level LRIG2 escape the phagocytosis by TAM via the CD47-SIRPα axis, highlighting a necessity for an early stage of clinical trial targeting LRIG2 and CD47-SIRPα as a novel treatment for patients with GBM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinyang Hu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Wuhan, Hubei, China.,Department of Neurosurgery, The First People's Hospital of Yichang, China Three Gorges University People's Hospital, Yichang, Hubei, China
| | - Feng Dong
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, The Province and Ministry Co-sponsored Collaborative Innovation Center for Medical Epigenetics, Cancer Institute and Hospital, Department of Cell Biology, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China.,Department of Neurosurgery, Laboratory of Neuro-Oncology, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - You He
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, The Province and Ministry Co-sponsored Collaborative Innovation Center for Medical Epigenetics, Cancer Institute and Hospital, Department of Cell Biology, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Xianyou Xia
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, The Province and Ministry Co-sponsored Collaborative Innovation Center for Medical Epigenetics, Cancer Institute and Hospital, Department of Cell Biology, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Fangling Cheng
- Department of Neurosurgery, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Sui Chen
- Department of Neurosurgery, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Xiaoshuang Hou
- Department of Neurosurgery, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Po Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Guohao Liu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Ying Li
- Experimental Medicine Center, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical Colleg, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Qian Gao
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Peking University School of Stomatology, Beijing, China.,Central Laboratory, Peking University School of Stomatology, Beijing, China
| | - Minhai Dong
- Department of Neurosurgery, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Ting Li
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, The Province and Ministry Co-sponsored Collaborative Innovation Center for Medical Epigenetics, Cancer Institute and Hospital, Department of Cell Biology, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Wei Li
- Tianjin First Central Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Qungen Xiao
- Department of Neurosurgery, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Xiaopeng Li
- Department of Neurosurgery, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Xingjiang Yu
- Department of Histology and Embryology, College of Basic Medicine, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Guifa Xi
- Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, USA.,Abbott Molecular Inc, Des Plaines, Illinois, USA
| | - Dongsheng Guo
- Department of Neurosurgery, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Xudong Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, The Province and Ministry Co-sponsored Collaborative Innovation Center for Medical Epigenetics, Cancer Institute and Hospital, Department of Cell Biology, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China .,Department of Neurosurgery, Laboratory of Neuro-Oncology, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Baofeng Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Wuhan, Hubei, China
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19
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Wu M, Shi Y, Zhu L, Chen L, Zhao X, Xu C. Macrophages in Glioblastoma Development and Therapy: A Double-Edged Sword. LIFE (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 12:life12081225. [PMID: 36013403 PMCID: PMC9409650 DOI: 10.3390/life12081225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2022] [Revised: 08/04/2022] [Accepted: 08/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Glioblastoma (GBM) is one of the leading lethal tumors, featuring aggressive malignancy and poor outcome to current standard temozolomide (TMZ) or radio-based therapy. Developing immunotherapies, especially immune checkpoint inhibitors, have improved patient outcomes in other solid tumors but remain fatigued in GBM patients. Emerging evidence has shown that GBM-associated macrophages (GAMs), comprising brain-resident microglia and bone marrow-derived macrophages, act critically in boosting tumor progression, altering drug resistance, and establishing an immunosuppressive environment. Based on its crucial role, evaluations of the safety and efficacy of GAM-targeted therapy are ongoing, with promising (pre)clinical evidence updated. In this review, we summarized updated literature related to GAM nature, the interplay between GAMs and GBM cells, and GAM-targeted therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengwan Wu
- Integrative Cancer Center & Cancer Clinical Research Center, Sichuan Cancer Hospital & Institute, Sichuan Cancer Center, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 610041, China
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Sichuan Cancer Hospital, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Ying Shi
- Integrative Cancer Center & Cancer Clinical Research Center, Sichuan Cancer Hospital & Institute, Sichuan Cancer Center, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 610041, China
- Key Laboratory of Cellular Physiology (Shanxi Medical University), Ministry of Education, Taiyuan 030001, China
- Department of Physiology, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan 030001, China
| | - Luyi Zhu
- Integrative Cancer Center & Cancer Clinical Research Center, Sichuan Cancer Hospital & Institute, Sichuan Cancer Center, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Luoyi Chen
- Integrative Cancer Center & Cancer Clinical Research Center, Sichuan Cancer Hospital & Institute, Sichuan Cancer Center, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Xinchen Zhao
- Integrative Cancer Center & Cancer Clinical Research Center, Sichuan Cancer Hospital & Institute, Sichuan Cancer Center, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Chuan Xu
- Integrative Cancer Center & Cancer Clinical Research Center, Sichuan Cancer Hospital & Institute, Sichuan Cancer Center, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 610041, China
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Sichuan Cancer Hospital, Chengdu 610041, China
- Correspondence:
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20
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Li L, Zhou J, Dong X, Liao Q, Zhou D, Zhou Y. Dendritic cell vaccines for glioblastoma fail to complete clinical translation: Bottlenecks and potential countermeasures. Int Immunopharmacol 2022; 109:108929. [PMID: 35700581 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2022.108929] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2022] [Revised: 05/20/2022] [Accepted: 06/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Glioblastoma (GBM) is a heterogeneous and invasive WHO grade IV brain tumor. Patients with GBM have a median overall survival (OS) of only 14 to 17 months when treated with surgical resection and chemoradiation. As one of the most promising anti-tumor immunotherapies, dendritic cell (DC) vaccines have demonstrated good efficacy, safety, and tolerability in many clinical trials. However, to date, no Phase III clinical trial has achieved positive endpoints and truly implement clinical development and transformation. Moreover, the survival benefits of DC vaccines for patients with GBM seem to have a delayed effect; therefore, we urgently require strategies to optimize DC vaccines to advance the time point of its survival benefits. Here, we discuss the latest clinical trial progress of DC vaccines in GBM and summarize the benefits and drawbacks of various vaccine design options, as well as the challenges faced in clinical translation. Moreover, we target future combination therapy strategies for DC vaccines in GBM, which provides a new perspective for comprehensively understanding the effectiveness, limitations, and new directions of the development of DC vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luohong Li
- NHC Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis, Hunan Cancer Hospital and The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410013, China; Cancer Research Institute, Basic School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410078, China; Hunan Key Laboratory of Cancer Metabolism, Hunan Cancer Hospital and the Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410013, China
| | - Jing Zhou
- NHC Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis, Hunan Cancer Hospital and The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410013, China; Cancer Research Institute, Basic School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410078, China; Hunan Key Laboratory of Cancer Metabolism, Hunan Cancer Hospital and the Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410013, China
| | - Xueting Dong
- NHC Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis, Hunan Cancer Hospital and The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410013, China; Cancer Research Institute, Basic School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410078, China; Hunan Key Laboratory of Cancer Metabolism, Hunan Cancer Hospital and the Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410013, China
| | - Qianjin Liao
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Cancer Metabolism, Hunan Cancer Hospital and the Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410013, China
| | - Dongbo Zhou
- Department of Geriatric, Respiratory Medicine, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China, Hunan 410008, China.
| | - Yanhong Zhou
- NHC Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis, Hunan Cancer Hospital and The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410013, China; Cancer Research Institute, Basic School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410078, China; Hunan Key Laboratory of Cancer Metabolism, Hunan Cancer Hospital and the Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410013, China.
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21
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Fekrirad Z, Barzegar Behrooz A, Ghaemi S, Khosrojerdi A, Zarepour A, Zarrabi A, Arefian E, Ghavami S. Immunology Meets Bioengineering: Improving the Effectiveness of Glioblastoma Immunotherapy. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:3698. [PMID: 35954362 PMCID: PMC9367505 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14153698] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2022] [Revised: 07/11/2022] [Accepted: 07/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma (GBM) therapy has seen little change over the past two decades. Surgical excision followed by radiation and chemotherapy is the current gold standard treatment. Immunotherapy techniques have recently transformed many cancer treatments, and GBM is now at the forefront of immunotherapy research. GBM immunotherapy prospects are reviewed here, with an emphasis on immune checkpoint inhibitors and oncolytic viruses. Various forms of nanomaterials to enhance immunotherapy effectiveness are also discussed. For GBM treatment and immunotherapy, we outline the specific properties of nanomaterials. In addition, we provide a short overview of several 3D (bio)printing techniques and their applications in stimulating the GBM microenvironment. Lastly, the susceptibility of GBM cancer cells to the various immunotherapy methods will be addressed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zahra Fekrirad
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Basic Sciences, Shahed University, Tehran 18735-136, Iran;
| | - Amir Barzegar Behrooz
- Brain Cancer Research Group, Department of Cancer, Asu Vanda Gene Industrial Research Company, Tehran 1533666398, Iran;
| | - Shokoofeh Ghaemi
- Department of Microbiology, School of Biology, College of Science, University of Tehran, Tehran 14155-6619, Iran;
| | - Arezou Khosrojerdi
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Birjand University of Medical Sciences, Birjand 9717853577, Iran;
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran 14115-111, Iran
| | - Atefeh Zarepour
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences, Istinye University, Istanbul 34396, Turkey;
| | - Ali Zarrabi
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences, Istinye University, Istanbul 34396, Turkey;
| | - Ehsan Arefian
- Department of Microbiology, School of Biology, College of Science, University of Tehran, Tehran 14155-6619, Iran;
- Pediatric Cell and Gene Therapy Research Center, Gene, Cell & Tissue Research Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 14155-6559, Iran
| | - Saeid Ghavami
- Faculty of Medicine in Zabrze, University of Technology in Katowice, Academia of Silesia, 41-800 Zabrze, Poland
- Research Institute of Oncology and Hematology, Cancer Care Manitoba-University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3E 3P5, Canada
- Biology of Breathing Theme, Children Hospital Research Institute of Manitoba, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3E 3P5, Canada
- Department of Human Anatomy and Cell Science, University of Manitoba College of Medicine, Winnipeg, MB R3E 3P5, Canada
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22
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McMahon DJ, Gleeson JP, O'Reilly S, Bambury RM. Management of newly diagnosed glioblastoma multiforme: current state of the art and emerging therapeutic approaches. Med Oncol 2022; 39:129. [PMID: 35716200 DOI: 10.1007/s12032-022-01708-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2021] [Accepted: 03/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Glioblastoma multiforme represent > 50% of primary gliomas and have five year survival rates of ~ 5%. Maximal safe surgical resection followed by radiotherapy with concurrent and adjuvant temozolomide remains the standard treatment since published by Stupp et al. (in N Engl J Med 352:987-996, 2005), with additional benefit for patients with MGMT-methylated tumors. We review the current treatment landscape and ongoing efforts to improve these outcomes. An extensive literature search of Pubmed and Google Scholar involving the search terms "glioblastoma," "glioblastoma multiforme," or "GBM" for papers published to July 2021 was conducted and papers evaluated for relevance. As well as current data that informs clinical practice, we review ongoing clinical research in both newly diagnosed and recurrent settings that provides hope for a breakthrough. The Stupp protocol remains standard of care in 2021. Addition of tumor treating fields improved mOS modestly, with benefit seen in MGMT-methylated and unmethylated cohorts and also improved time to cognitive decline but has not been widely adopted. The addition of lomustine to temozolomide, in MGMT-methylated patients, also showed a mOS benefit but further investigation is required. Other promising therapeutic strategies including anti-angiogenic therapy, targeted therapy, and immunotherapy have yet to show a survival advantage. Improvements in the multidisciplinary management, surgical techniques and equipment, early palliative care, carrier support, and psychological support may be responsible for improving survival over time. Despite promising preclinical rationale, immunotherapy and targeted therapy are struggling to impact survival. A number of ongoing clinical trials provide hope for a breakthrough.
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Affiliation(s)
- D J McMahon
- Cork University Hospital, Cork, Ireland, UK.
| | | | - S O'Reilly
- Cork University Hospital, Cork, Ireland, UK
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23
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Ding MR, Qu YJ, Peng X, Chen JF, Zhang MX, Zhang T, Hu B, An HM. Pyroptosis-related prognosis model, immunocyte infiltration characterization, and competing endogenous RNA network of glioblastoma. BMC Cancer 2022; 22:611. [PMID: 35658846 PMCID: PMC9166343 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-022-09706-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2021] [Accepted: 05/27/2022] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Glioblastoma (GBM) has a high incidence rate, invasive growth, and easy recurrence, and the current therapeutic effect is less than satisfying. Pyroptosis plays an important role in morbidity and progress of GBM. Meanwhile, the tumor microenvironment (TME) is involved in the progress and treatment tolerance of GBM. In the present study, we analyzed prognosis model, immunocyte infiltration characterization, and competing endogenous RNA (ceRNA) network of GBM on the basis of pyroptosis-related genes (PRGs). Methods The transcriptome and clinical data of 155 patients with GBM and 120 normal subjects were obtained from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) and Genotype-Tissue Expression (GTEx). Lasso (Least absolute shrinkage and selection operator) Cox expression analysis was used in predicting prognostic markers, and its predictive ability was tested using a nomogram. A prognostic risk score formula was constructed, and CIBERSORT, ssGSEA algorithm, Tumor IMmune Estimation Resource (TIMER), and TISIDB database were used in evaluating the immunocyte infiltration characterization and tumor immune response of differential risk samples. A ceRNA network was constructed with Starbase, mirtarbase, and lncbase, and the mechanism of this regulatory axis was explored using Gene Set Enrichment Analysis (GSEA). Results Five PRGs (CASP3, NLRP2, TP63, GZMB, and CASP9) were identified as the independent prognostic biomarkers of GBM. Prognostic risk score formula analysis showed that the low-risk group had obvious survival advantage compared with the high-risk group, and significant differences in immunocyte infiltration and immune related function score were found. In addition, a ceRNA network of messenger RNA (CASP3, TP63)–microRNA (hsa-miR-519c-5p)–long noncoding RNA (GABPB1-AS1) was established. GSEA analysis showed that the regulatory axis played a considerable role in the extracellular matrix (ECM) and immune inflammatory response. Conclusions Pyroptosis and TME-related independent prognostic markers were screened in this study, and a prognosis risk score formula was established for the first time according to the prognosis PRGs. TME immunocyte infiltration characterization and immune response were assessed using ssGSEA, CIBERSORT algorithm, TIMER, and TISIDB database. Besides a ceRNA network was built up. This study not only laid foundations for further exploring pyroptosis and TME in improving prognosis of GBM, but also provided a new idea for more effective guidance on clinical immunotherapy to patients and developing new immunotherapeutic drugs. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12885-022-09706-x.
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24
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Sheng D, Ma W, Zhang R, Zhou L, Deng Q, Tu J, Chen W, Zhang F, Gao N, Dong M, Wang D, Li F, Liu Y, He X, Duan S, Zhang L, Liu T, Liu S. Ccl3 enhances docetaxel chemosensitivity in breast cancer by triggering proinflammatory macrophage polarization. J Immunother Cancer 2022; 10:jitc-2021-003793. [PMID: 35613826 PMCID: PMC9134178 DOI: 10.1136/jitc-2021-003793] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Although the antitumor efficacy of docetaxel (DTX) has long been attributed to the antimitotic activities, its impact on the tumor microenvironment (TME) has recently gained more attention. Macrophages are a major component of the TME and play a critical role in DTX efficacy; however, the underlying action mechanisms remain unclear. Methods DTX chemotherapeutic efficacy was demonstrated via both macrophage depletion and C–C motif chemokine ligand 3 (Ccl3)-knockout transgenic allograft mouse model. Ccl3-knockdown and Ccl3-overexpressing breast cancer cell allografts were used for the in vivo study. Combination therapy was used to evaluate the effect of Ccl3 induction on DTX chemosensitivity. Vital regulatory molecules and pathways were identified using RNA sequencing. Macrophage phagocytosis of cancer cells and its influence on cancer cell proliferation under DTX treatment were assessed using an in vitro coculture assay. Serum and tumor samples from patients with breast cancer were used to demonstrate the clinical relevance of our study. Results Our study revealed that Ccl3 induced by DTX in macrophages and cancer cells was indispensable for the chemotherapeutic efficacy of DTX. DTX-induced Ccl3 promoted proinflammatory macrophage polarization and subsequently facilitated phagocytosis of breast cancer cells and cancer stem cells. Ccl3 overexpression in cancer cells promoted proinflammatory macrophage polarization to suppress tumor progression and increase DTX chemosensitivity. Mechanistically, DTX induced Ccl3 by relieving the inhibition of cAMP-response element binding protein on Ccl3 via reactive oxygen species accumulation, and Ccl3 then promoted proinflammatory macrophage polarization via activation of the Ccl3–C-C motif chemokine receptor 5–p38/interferon regulatory factor 5 pathway. High CCL3 expression predicted better prognosis, and high CCL3 induction revealed better DTX chemosensitivity in patients with breast cancer. Furthermore, both the Creb inhibitor and recombinant mouse Ccl3 significantly enhanced DTX chemosensitivity. Conclusions Our results indicate that Ccl3 induced by DTX triggers proinflammatory macrophage polarization and subsequently facilitates phagocytosis of cancer cells. Ccl3 induction in combination with DTX may provide a promising therapeutic rationale for increasing DTX chemosensitivity in breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dandan Sheng
- Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center & Institutes of Biomedical Sciences; Cancer Institutes; Key Laboratory of Breast Cancer in Shanghai; The Shanghai Key Laboratory of Medical Epigenetics; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Radiation Oncology; The International Co-laboratory of Medical Epigenetics and Metabolism, Ministry of Science and Technology, Shanghai Medical College; Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Wei Ma
- Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center & Institutes of Biomedical Sciences; Cancer Institutes; Key Laboratory of Breast Cancer in Shanghai; The Shanghai Key Laboratory of Medical Epigenetics; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Radiation Oncology; The International Co-laboratory of Medical Epigenetics and Metabolism, Ministry of Science and Technology, Shanghai Medical College; Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Rui Zhang
- Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center & Institutes of Biomedical Sciences; Cancer Institutes; Key Laboratory of Breast Cancer in Shanghai; The Shanghai Key Laboratory of Medical Epigenetics; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Radiation Oncology; The International Co-laboratory of Medical Epigenetics and Metabolism, Ministry of Science and Technology, Shanghai Medical College; Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Lei Zhou
- Institute of Pathology and Southwest Cancer Center, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, China
| | - Qiaodan Deng
- Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center & Institutes of Biomedical Sciences; Cancer Institutes; Key Laboratory of Breast Cancer in Shanghai; The Shanghai Key Laboratory of Medical Epigenetics; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Radiation Oncology; The International Co-laboratory of Medical Epigenetics and Metabolism, Ministry of Science and Technology, Shanghai Medical College; Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Juchuanli Tu
- Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center & Institutes of Biomedical Sciences; Cancer Institutes; Key Laboratory of Breast Cancer in Shanghai; The Shanghai Key Laboratory of Medical Epigenetics; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Radiation Oncology; The International Co-laboratory of Medical Epigenetics and Metabolism, Ministry of Science and Technology, Shanghai Medical College; Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Weilong Chen
- Intelligent Pathology Institute and Department of Pathology, the First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
| | - Fuchuang Zhang
- Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center & Institutes of Biomedical Sciences; Cancer Institutes; Key Laboratory of Breast Cancer in Shanghai; The Shanghai Key Laboratory of Medical Epigenetics; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Radiation Oncology; The International Co-laboratory of Medical Epigenetics and Metabolism, Ministry of Science and Technology, Shanghai Medical College; Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Nailong Gao
- Department of Precision Machinery and Precision Instrumentation, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
| | - Mengxue Dong
- Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center & Institutes of Biomedical Sciences; Cancer Institutes; Key Laboratory of Breast Cancer in Shanghai; The Shanghai Key Laboratory of Medical Epigenetics; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Radiation Oncology; The International Co-laboratory of Medical Epigenetics and Metabolism, Ministry of Science and Technology, Shanghai Medical College; Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Dong Wang
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, School of Life Science, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
| | - Fengkai Li
- Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center & Institutes of Biomedical Sciences; Cancer Institutes; Key Laboratory of Breast Cancer in Shanghai; The Shanghai Key Laboratory of Medical Epigenetics; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Radiation Oncology; The International Co-laboratory of Medical Epigenetics and Metabolism, Ministry of Science and Technology, Shanghai Medical College; Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yin Liu
- Department of Breast Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China
| | - Xueyan He
- Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center & Institutes of Biomedical Sciences; Cancer Institutes; Key Laboratory of Breast Cancer in Shanghai; The Shanghai Key Laboratory of Medical Epigenetics; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Radiation Oncology; The International Co-laboratory of Medical Epigenetics and Metabolism, Ministry of Science and Technology, Shanghai Medical College; Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Shengzhong Duan
- Laboratory of Oral Microbiota and Systemic Diseases, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, College of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Lixing Zhang
- Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center & Institutes of Biomedical Sciences; Cancer Institutes; Key Laboratory of Breast Cancer in Shanghai; The Shanghai Key Laboratory of Medical Epigenetics; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Radiation Oncology; The International Co-laboratory of Medical Epigenetics and Metabolism, Ministry of Science and Technology, Shanghai Medical College; Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Tong Liu
- Department of Breast Surgery, Tumor Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China .,Translational Medicine Research and Cooperation Center of Northern China, Heilongjiang Academy of Medical Sciences, Harbin, China
| | - Suling Liu
- Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center & Institutes of Biomedical Sciences; Cancer Institutes; Key Laboratory of Breast Cancer in Shanghai; The Shanghai Key Laboratory of Medical Epigenetics; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Radiation Oncology; The International Co-laboratory of Medical Epigenetics and Metabolism, Ministry of Science and Technology, Shanghai Medical College; Fudan University, Shanghai, China .,Jiangsu Key Lab of Cancer Biomarkers, Prevention and Treatment, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
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25
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In Vitro Validation of the Therapeutic Potential of Dendrimer-Based Nanoformulations against Tumor Stem Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23105691. [PMID: 35628503 PMCID: PMC9143703 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23105691] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2022] [Revised: 05/09/2022] [Accepted: 05/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Tumor cells with stem cell properties are considered to play major roles in promoting the development and malignant behavior of aggressive cancers. Therapeutic strategies that efficiently eradicate such tumor stem cells are of highest clinical need. Herein, we performed the validation of the polycationic phosphorus dendrimer-based approach for small interfering RNAs delivery in in vitro stem-like cells as models. As a therapeutic target, we chose Lyn, a member of the Src family kinases as an example of a prominent enzyme class widely discussed as a potent anti-cancer intervention point. Our selection is guided by our discovery that Lyn mRNA expression level in glioma, a class of brain tumors, possesses significant negative clinical predictive value, promoting its potential as a therapeutic target for future molecular-targeted treatments. We then showed that anti-Lyn siRNA, delivered into Lyn-expressing glioma cell model reduces the cell viability, a fact that was not observed in a cell model that lacks Lyn-expression. Furthermore, we have found that the dendrimer itself influences various parameters of the cells such as the expression of surface markers PD-L1, TIM-3 and CD47, targets for immune recognition and other biological processes suggested to be regulating glioblastoma cell invasion. Our findings prove the potential of dendrimer-based platforms for therapeutic applications, which might help to eradicate the population of cancer cells with augmented chemotherapy resistance. Moreover, the results further promote our functional stem cell technology as suitable component in early stage drug development.
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26
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Yan T, Wang K, Li J, Hu H, Yang H, Cai M, Liu R, Li H, Wang N, Shi Y, Hua W, Liu H. Suppression of the hyaluronic acid pathway induces M1 macrophages polarization via STAT1 in glioblastoma. Cell Death Dis 2022; 8:193. [PMID: 35410993 PMCID: PMC9001679 DOI: 10.1038/s41420-022-00973-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2021] [Revised: 03/13/2022] [Accepted: 03/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment is a crucial factor that impedes the success of tumor immunotherapy, and tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) are essential for the formation of tumor immunosuppressive microenvironment. Hyaluronic acid (HA) is highly important brick for glioblastoma microenvironment, but whether it contributes to TAM polarization and glioblastoma immunosuppressive microenvironment is less well known. In our study, we observed that disrupting glioblastoma HA synthesis or blocking HA binding to its receptor CD44 on macrophages increased the proportion of M1 macrophages by upregulating SIRPα in macrophages, the underlying mechanism was elevated SIRPα enhanced STAT1 phosphorylation and suppressed STAT3 phosphorylation in macrophages. Subsequently, the induced macrophages could inhibit glioblastoma growth via a feedback effect. In addition, 4-methylumbelliferone (4MU), a cholecystitis drug, can disrupt the CD47/SIRPα axis by disturbing glioblastoma HA synthesis. Collectively, these findings indicated that HA plays a crucial role in macrophages polarization and CD47/SIRPα signaling between glioblastoma cells and macrophages, and suppressing the HA pathway may be a new immunotherapeutic approach for glioblastoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Yan
- Department of Neurosurgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China.,Key Colleges and Universities Laboratory of Neurosurgery in Heilongjiang Province, Harbin, China.,Institute of Neuroscience, Sino-Russian Medical Research Center, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Kaikai Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jiafeng Li
- Department of Neurosurgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China.,Key Colleges and Universities Laboratory of Neurosurgery in Heilongjiang Province, Harbin, China.,Institute of Neuroscience, Sino-Russian Medical Research Center, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Hong Hu
- Department of Neurosurgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China.,Key Colleges and Universities Laboratory of Neurosurgery in Heilongjiang Province, Harbin, China.,Institute of Neuroscience, Sino-Russian Medical Research Center, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - He Yang
- Department of Neurosurgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China.,Key Colleges and Universities Laboratory of Neurosurgery in Heilongjiang Province, Harbin, China.,Institute of Neuroscience, Sino-Russian Medical Research Center, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Meng Cai
- Department of Neurosurgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China.,Key Colleges and Universities Laboratory of Neurosurgery in Heilongjiang Province, Harbin, China.,Institute of Neuroscience, Sino-Russian Medical Research Center, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Ruijie Liu
- Department of Neurosurgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China.,Key Colleges and Universities Laboratory of Neurosurgery in Heilongjiang Province, Harbin, China.,Institute of Neuroscience, Sino-Russian Medical Research Center, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Honglei Li
- Department of Neurosurgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China.,Key Colleges and Universities Laboratory of Neurosurgery in Heilongjiang Province, Harbin, China.,Institute of Neuroscience, Sino-Russian Medical Research Center, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Ning Wang
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Ying Shi
- Department of Radiology, First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Wei Hua
- Department of Pathology, First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Huailei Liu
- Department of Neurosurgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China. .,Key Colleges and Universities Laboratory of Neurosurgery in Heilongjiang Province, Harbin, China. .,Institute of Neuroscience, Sino-Russian Medical Research Center, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China.
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27
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Taheri F, Taghizadeh E, Navashenaq JG, Rezaee M, Gheibihayat SM. The role of efferocytosis in neuro-degenerative diseases. Neurol Sci 2022; 43:1593-1603. [PMID: 35059903 DOI: 10.1007/s10072-021-05835-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2021] [Accepted: 12/11/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Efferocytosis has a critical role in maintaining tissues and organs' homeostasis by removing apoptotic cells. It is essential for human health, and disturbances in efferocytosis may result indifferent illnesses. In case of inadequate clearance of the dead cells, the content in the cells would be released. In fact, it induces some damages to the tissue and leads to the prolonged inflammation, so unsuitable phagocytosis of the apoptotic cells is involved in occurrence as well as expansion of numerous human chronic inflammatory diseases. Studies have shown age dependence of the neuro-degenerative diseases, which are largely due to the neuro-inflammation and the loss of neurons and thus cause the brain's functional disorders. Efferocytosis is coupled to anti-inflammatory responses that contribute to the elimination of the dying neurons in neuro-degenerative diseases, so its disruption may make a risk factor in numerous human chronic inflammatory diseases such as multiple sclerosis, Alzheimer's disease, glioblastoma, and Rett syndrome. This study is a review of the efferocytosis molecular pathways and their role in neuro-degenerative diseases in order to discover a new treatment option to cure patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Forough Taheri
- Shahrekord Branch, Islamic Azad University, Shahrekord, Iran
| | - Eskandar Taghizadeh
- Department of Medical Genetic, Faculty of Medicine, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | | | - Mehdi Rezaee
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, School of Advanced Technologies, Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences, Shahrekord, Iran.,Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Basic Health Sciences Institute, Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences, Shahrekord, Iran
| | - Seyed Mohammad Gheibihayat
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, School of Medicine, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, P.O. Box: 8915173143, Yazd, Iran.
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Bausart M, Préat V, Malfanti A. Immunotherapy for glioblastoma: the promise of combination strategies. J Exp Clin Cancer Res 2022; 41:35. [PMID: 35078492 PMCID: PMC8787896 DOI: 10.1186/s13046-022-02251-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 42.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2021] [Accepted: 01/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma (GBM) treatment has remained almost unchanged for more than 20 years. The current standard of care involves surgical resection (if possible) followed by concomitant radiotherapy and chemotherapy. In recent years, immunotherapy strategies have revolutionized the treatment of many cancers, increasing the hope for GBM therapy. However, mostly due to the high, multifactorial immunosuppression occurring in the microenvironment, the poor knowledge of the neuroimmune system and the presence of the blood-brain barrier, the efficacy of immunotherapy in GBM is still low. Recently, new strategies for GBM treatments have employed immunotherapy combinations and have provided encouraging results in both preclinical and clinical studies. The lessons learned from clinical trials highlight the importance of tackling different arms of immunity. In this review, we aim to summarize the preclinical evidence regarding combination immunotherapy in terms of immune and survival benefits for GBM management. The outcomes of recent studies assessing the combination of different classes of immunotherapeutic agents (e.g., immune checkpoint blockade and vaccines) will be discussed. Finally, future strategies to ameliorate the efficacy of immunotherapy and facilitate clinical translation will be provided to address the unmet medical needs of GBM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mathilde Bausart
- UCLouvain, Louvain Drug Research Institute, Advanced Drug Delivery and Biomaterials, Avenue Mounier 73 B1.73.12, 1200, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Véronique Préat
- UCLouvain, Louvain Drug Research Institute, Advanced Drug Delivery and Biomaterials, Avenue Mounier 73 B1.73.12, 1200, Brussels, Belgium.
| | - Alessio Malfanti
- UCLouvain, Louvain Drug Research Institute, Advanced Drug Delivery and Biomaterials, Avenue Mounier 73 B1.73.12, 1200, Brussels, Belgium
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29
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De Vlaminck K, Romão E, Puttemans J, Pombo Antunes AR, Kancheva D, Scheyltjens I, Van Ginderachter JA, Muyldermans S, Devoogdt N, Movahedi K, Raes G. Imaging of Glioblastoma Tumor-Associated Myeloid Cells Using Nanobodies Targeting Signal Regulatory Protein Alpha. Front Immunol 2021; 12:777524. [PMID: 34917090 PMCID: PMC8669144 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.777524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2021] [Accepted: 11/11/2021] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma (GBM) is the most common malignant primary brain tumor. Glioblastomas contain a large non-cancerous stromal compartment including various populations of tumor-associated macrophages and other myeloid cells, of which the presence was documented to correlate with malignancy and reduced survival. Via single-cell RNA sequencing of human GBM samples, only very low expression of PD-1, PD-L1 or PD-L2 could be detected, whereas the tumor micro-environment featured a marked expression of signal regulatory protein alpha (SIRPα), an inhibitory receptor present on myeloid cells, as well as its widely distributed counter-receptor CD47. CITE-Seq revealed that both SIRPα RNA and protein are prominently expressed on various populations of myeloid cells in GBM tumors, including both microglia- and monocyte-derived tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs). Similar findings were obtained in the mouse orthotopic GL261 GBM model, indicating that SIRPα is a potential target on GBM TAMs in mouse and human. A set of nanobodies, single-domain antibody fragments derived from camelid heavy chain-only antibodies, was generated against recombinant SIRPα and characterized in terms of affinity for the recombinant antigen and binding specificity on cells. Three selected nanobodies binding to mouse SIRPα were radiolabeled with 99mTc, injected in GL261 tumor-bearing mice and their biodistribution was evaluated using SPECT/CT imaging and radioactivity detection in dissected organs. Among these, Nb15 showed clear accumulation in peripheral organs such as spleen and liver, as well as a clear tumor uptake in comparison to a control non-targeting nanobody. A bivalent construct of Nb15 exhibited an increased accumulation in highly vascularized organs that express the target, such as spleen and liver, as compared to the monovalent format. However, penetration into the GL261 brain tumor fell back to levels detected with a non-targeting control nanobody. These results highlight the tumor penetration advantages of the small monovalent nanobody format and provide a qualitative proof-of-concept for using SIRPα-targeting nanobodies to noninvasively image myeloid cells in intracranial GBM tumors with high signal-to-noise ratios, even without blood-brain barrier permeabilization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karen De Vlaminck
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Immunology, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium.,Myeloid Cell Immunology Lab, VIB Center for Inflammation Research, Brussels, Belgium.,Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Therapy, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Ema Romão
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Immunology, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Janik Puttemans
- In Vivo Cellular and Molecular Imaging Laboratory, Department of Medical Imaging, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Ana Rita Pombo Antunes
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Immunology, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium.,Myeloid Cell Immunology Lab, VIB Center for Inflammation Research, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Daliya Kancheva
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Immunology, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium.,Myeloid Cell Immunology Lab, VIB Center for Inflammation Research, Brussels, Belgium.,Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Therapy, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Isabelle Scheyltjens
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Immunology, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium.,Myeloid Cell Immunology Lab, VIB Center for Inflammation Research, Brussels, Belgium.,Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Therapy, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Jo A Van Ginderachter
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Immunology, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium.,Myeloid Cell Immunology Lab, VIB Center for Inflammation Research, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Serge Muyldermans
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Immunology, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Nick Devoogdt
- In Vivo Cellular and Molecular Imaging Laboratory, Department of Medical Imaging, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Kiavash Movahedi
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Immunology, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium.,Myeloid Cell Immunology Lab, VIB Center for Inflammation Research, Brussels, Belgium.,Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Therapy, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Geert Raes
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Immunology, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium.,Myeloid Cell Immunology Lab, VIB Center for Inflammation Research, Brussels, Belgium
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30
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Wang EJ, Chen JS, Jain S, Morshed RA, Haddad AF, Gill S, Beniwal AS, Aghi MK. Immunotherapy Resistance in Glioblastoma. Front Genet 2021; 12:750675. [PMID: 34976006 PMCID: PMC8718605 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2021.750675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2021] [Accepted: 10/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma is the most common malignant primary brain tumor in adults. Despite treatment consisting of surgical resection followed by radiotherapy and adjuvant chemotherapy, survival remains poor at a rate of 26.5% at 2 years. Recent successes in using immunotherapies to treat a number of solid and hematologic cancers have led to a growing interest in harnessing the immune system to target glioblastoma. Several studies have examined the efficacy of various immunotherapies, including checkpoint inhibitors, vaccines, adoptive transfer of lymphocytes, and oncolytic virotherapy in both pre-clinical and clinical settings. However, these therapies have yielded mixed results at best when applied to glioblastoma. While the initial failures of immunotherapy were thought to reflect the immunoprivileged environment of the brain, more recent studies have revealed immune escape mechanisms created by the tumor itself and adaptive resistance acquired in response to therapy. Several of these resistance mechanisms hijack key signaling pathways within the immune system to create a protumoral microenvironment. In this review, we discuss immunotherapies that have been trialed in glioblastoma, mechanisms of tumor resistance, and strategies to sensitize these tumors to immunotherapies. Insights gained from the studies summarized here may help pave the way for novel therapies to overcome barriers that have thus far limited the success of immunotherapy in glioblastoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elaina J. Wang
- Department of Neurological Surgery, The Warren Alpert School of Medicine, Brown University, Providence, RI, United States
| | - Jia-Shu Chen
- Department of Neurological Surgery, The Warren Alpert School of Medicine, Brown University, Providence, RI, United States
| | - Saket Jain
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States
| | - Ramin A. Morshed
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States
| | - Alexander F. Haddad
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States
| | - Sabraj Gill
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States
| | - Angad S. Beniwal
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States
| | - Manish K. Aghi
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States
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31
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Zhao J, Zhang W, Wu T, Wang H, Mao J, Liu J, Zhou Z, Lin X, Yan H, Wang Q. Efferocytosis in the Central Nervous System. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:773344. [PMID: 34926460 PMCID: PMC8678611 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.773344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2021] [Accepted: 10/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The effective clearance of apoptotic cells is essential for maintaining central nervous system (CNS) homeostasis and restoring homeostasis after injury. In most cases of physiological apoptotic cell death, efferocytosis prevents inflammation and other pathological conditions. When apoptotic cells are not effectively cleared, destruction of the integrity of the apoptotic cell membrane integrity, leakage of intracellular contents, and secondary necrosis may occur. Efferocytosis is the mechanism by which efferocytes quickly remove apoptotic cells from tissues before they undergo secondary necrosis. Cells with efferocytosis functions, mainly microglia, help to eliminate apoptotic cells from the CNS. Here, we discuss the impacts of efferocytosis on homeostasis, the mechanism of efferocytosis, the associations of efferocytosis failure and CNS diseases, and the current clinical applications of efferocytosis. We also identify efferocytosis as a novel potential target for exploring the causes and treatments of CNS diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiayi Zhao
- Department of Anesthesia, Zhejiang Hospital, Hangzhou, China
| | - Weiqi Zhang
- The First Affiliated Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Tingting Wu
- The First Affiliated Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Hongyi Wang
- The First Affiliated Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Jialiang Mao
- The First Affiliated Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Jian Liu
- The First Affiliated Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Ziheng Zhou
- The First Affiliated Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Xianfeng Lin
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Huige Yan
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Qingqing Wang
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
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32
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Dong F, Qin X, Wang B, Li Q, Hu J, Cheng X, Guo D, Cheng F, Fang C, Tan Y, Yan H, He Y, Sun X, Yuan Y, Liu H, Li T, Zhao Y, Kang C, Wu X. ALKBH5 Facilitates Hypoxia-Induced Paraspeckle Assembly and IL8 Secretion to Generate an Immunosuppressive Tumor Microenvironment. Cancer Res 2021; 81:5876-5888. [PMID: 34670781 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-21-1456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 106] [Impact Index Per Article: 35.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2021] [Revised: 08/26/2021] [Accepted: 10/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The dynamic changes of RNA N6-methyl-adenosine (m6A) during cancer progression contribute to quick adaption to microenvironmental changes. Here, we profiled the cancer cell m6A dynamics in the hypoxic tumor niche and its pathological consequences in glioblastoma multiforme (GBM). The m6A demethylase ALKBH5 was induced in GBM models under hypoxic conditions and was associated with a hypoxic gene signature in GBM patient samples. Depletion or inactivation of ALKBH5 in GBM cells significantly suppressed hypoxia-induced tumor-associated macrophage (TAM) recruitment and immunosuppression in allograft tumors. Expression and secretion of CXCL8/IL8 were significantly suppressed in ALKBH5-deficient tumors. However, ALKBH5 did not regulate CXCL8 m6A directly. Instead, hypoxia-induced ALKBH5 erased m6A deposition from the lncRNA NEAT1, stabilizing the transcript and facilitating NEAT1-mediated paraspeckle assembly, which led to relocation of the transcriptional repressor SFPQ from the CXCL8 promoter to paraspeckles and, ultimately, upregulation of CXCL8/IL8 expression. Accordingly, ectopic expression of CXCL8 in ALKBH5-deficient GBM cells partially restored TAM recruitment and tumor progression. Together, this study links hypoxia-induced epitranscriptomic changes to the emergence of an immunosuppressive microenvironment facilitating tumor evasion. SIGNIFICANCE: Hypoxia induces tumor immune microenvironment remodeling through an ALKBH5-mediated epigenetic and epitranscriptomic mechanism, providing potential immunotherapeutic strategies for treating glioblastoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng Dong
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital and Laboratory of Neuro-Oncology, Tianjin Neurological Institute, Tianjin, China
- Department of Cell Biology, State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, The Province and Ministry Co-sponsored Collaborative Innovation Center for Medical Epigenetics, Key Laboratory of Immune Microenvironment and Disease (Ministry of Education), Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Xiaoyang Qin
- Department of Cell Biology, State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, The Province and Ministry Co-sponsored Collaborative Innovation Center for Medical Epigenetics, Key Laboratory of Immune Microenvironment and Disease (Ministry of Education), Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Baofeng Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Qian Li
- Department of Cell Biology, State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, The Province and Ministry Co-sponsored Collaborative Innovation Center for Medical Epigenetics, Key Laboratory of Immune Microenvironment and Disease (Ministry of Education), Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Jinyang Hu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- Department of Neurosurgery, The People's Hospital of China Three Gorges University, Yichang, China
| | - Xuan Cheng
- The First Department of Breast Cancer, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Huanhuxi Road, Hexi District, Tianjin, China
| | - Dongsheng Guo
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Fangling Cheng
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Chuan Fang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Affiliated Hospital of Hebei University, Baoding, China
| | - Yanli Tan
- Department of Pathology, Affiliated Hospital of Hebei University, Baoding, China
| | - Han Yan
- Department of Cell Biology, State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, The Province and Ministry Co-sponsored Collaborative Innovation Center for Medical Epigenetics, Key Laboratory of Immune Microenvironment and Disease (Ministry of Education), Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - You He
- Department of Cell Biology, State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, The Province and Ministry Co-sponsored Collaborative Innovation Center for Medical Epigenetics, Key Laboratory of Immune Microenvironment and Disease (Ministry of Education), Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Xiaoyu Sun
- Department of Cell Biology, State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, The Province and Ministry Co-sponsored Collaborative Innovation Center for Medical Epigenetics, Key Laboratory of Immune Microenvironment and Disease (Ministry of Education), Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Ye Yuan
- Department of Cell Biology, State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, The Province and Ministry Co-sponsored Collaborative Innovation Center for Medical Epigenetics, Key Laboratory of Immune Microenvironment and Disease (Ministry of Education), Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Hang Liu
- Department of Cell Biology, State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, The Province and Ministry Co-sponsored Collaborative Innovation Center for Medical Epigenetics, Key Laboratory of Immune Microenvironment and Disease (Ministry of Education), Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Ting Li
- Department of Cell Biology, State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, The Province and Ministry Co-sponsored Collaborative Innovation Center for Medical Epigenetics, Key Laboratory of Immune Microenvironment and Disease (Ministry of Education), Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Yingying Zhao
- Department of Cell Biology, State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, The Province and Ministry Co-sponsored Collaborative Innovation Center for Medical Epigenetics, Key Laboratory of Immune Microenvironment and Disease (Ministry of Education), Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Chunsheng Kang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital and Laboratory of Neuro-Oncology, Tianjin Neurological Institute, Tianjin, China
| | - Xudong Wu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital and Laboratory of Neuro-Oncology, Tianjin Neurological Institute, Tianjin, China.
- Department of Cell Biology, State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, The Province and Ministry Co-sponsored Collaborative Innovation Center for Medical Epigenetics, Key Laboratory of Immune Microenvironment and Disease (Ministry of Education), Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
- Department of Lymphoma, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center of Cancer, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Sino-US Center for Lymphoma and Leukemia Research, Tianjin, China
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33
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Hayes AJ, Melrose J. Neural Tissue Homeostasis and Repair Is Regulated via CS and DS Proteoglycan Motifs. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:696640. [PMID: 34409033 PMCID: PMC8365427 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.696640] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2021] [Accepted: 07/13/2021] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Chondroitin sulfate (CS) is the most abundant and widely distributed glycosaminoglycan (GAG) in the human body. As a component of proteoglycans (PGs) it has numerous roles in matrix stabilization and cellular regulation. This chapter highlights the roles of CS and CS-PGs in the central and peripheral nervous systems (CNS/PNS). CS has specific cell regulatory roles that control tissue function and homeostasis. The CNS/PNS contains a diverse range of CS-PGs which direct the development of embryonic neural axonal networks, and the responses of neural cell populations in mature tissues to traumatic injury. Following brain trauma and spinal cord injury, a stabilizing CS-PG-rich scar tissue is laid down at the defect site to protect neural tissues, which are amongst the softest tissues of the human body. Unfortunately, the CS concentrated in gliotic scars also inhibits neural outgrowth and functional recovery. CS has well known inhibitory properties over neural behavior, and animal models of CNS/PNS injury have demonstrated that selective degradation of CS using chondroitinase improves neuronal functional recovery. CS-PGs are present diffusely in the CNS but also form denser regions of extracellular matrix termed perineuronal nets which surround neurons. Hyaluronan is immobilized in hyalectan CS-PG aggregates in these perineural structures, which provide neural protection, synapse, and neural plasticity, and have roles in memory and cognitive learning. Despite the generally inhibitory cues delivered by CS-A and CS-C, some CS-PGs containing highly charged CS disaccharides (CS-D, CS-E) or dermatan sulfate (DS) disaccharides that promote neural outgrowth and functional recovery. CS/DS thus has varied cell regulatory properties and structural ECM supportive roles in the CNS/PNS depending on the glycoform present and its location in tissue niches and specific cellular contexts. Studies on the fruit fly, Drosophila melanogaster and the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans have provided insightful information on neural interconnectivity and the role of the ECM and its PGs in neural development and in tissue morphogenesis in a whole organism environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anthony J. Hayes
- Bioimaging Research Hub, Cardiff School of Biosciences, Cardiff University, Wales, United Kingdom
| | - James Melrose
- Graduate School of Biomedical Engineering, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- Raymond Purves Bone and Joint Research Laboratories, Kolling Institute of Medical Research, Royal North Shore Hospital and The Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, St. Leonard’s, NSW, Australia
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Liu Z, Chen Y, Wang L, Ji S. ALKBH5 Promotes the Proliferation of Glioma Cells via Enhancing the mRNA Stability of G6PD. Neurochem Res 2021; 46:3003-3011. [PMID: 34297301 DOI: 10.1007/s11064-021-03408-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2021] [Revised: 06/17/2021] [Accepted: 07/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
This study aims to investigate the biological role of 6-methyladenine (m6A) methylation in inducing the carcinogenesis of glioma and its proliferation. Relative levels of ALKBH5 and glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) in glioma tissues and cell lines were determined by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) and Western blot. Gain-of-function and loss-of-function approaches were used to investigate the role of ALKBH5 in mediating proliferation and energy metabolism of glioma cells. The regulatory effect of ALKBH5 on G6PD was analyzed using m6A-qRT-PCR. Our results showed that ALKBH5 was upregulated in glioma, which stimulated glioma cells to proliferate. Serving as a m6A eraser, ALKBH5 demethylated the target transcript G6PD and enhanced its mRNA stability, thereby promoting G6PD translation and activating the pentose phosphate pathway (PPP). Collectively, ALKBH5 stimulates glioma cells to proliferate through erasing the m6A methylation of G6PD, which can be utilized as a potential therapeutic target for glioma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhifeng Liu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Cangzhou Central Hospital, No. 16, Xinhua West Road, Cangzhou, 061001, Hebei, China.
| | - Yonghan Chen
- Department of Neurosurgery, Cangzhou Central Hospital, No. 16, Xinhua West Road, Cangzhou, 061001, Hebei, China
| | - Leilei Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Cangzhou Central Hospital, No. 16, Xinhua West Road, Cangzhou, 061001, Hebei, China
| | - Suzhen Ji
- Department of Emergency, Cangzhou Central Hospital, Cangzhou, China
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35
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Mike JK, Ferriero DM. Efferocytosis Mediated Modulation of Injury after Neonatal Brain Hypoxia-Ischemia. Cells 2021; 10:1025. [PMID: 33925299 PMCID: PMC8146813 DOI: 10.3390/cells10051025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2021] [Revised: 04/22/2021] [Accepted: 04/23/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Neonatal brain hypoxia-ischemia (HI) is a leading cause of morbidity and long-term disabilities in children. While we have made significant progress in describing HI mechanisms, the limited therapies currently offered for HI treatment in the clinical setting stress the importance of discovering new targetable pathways. Efferocytosis is an immunoregulatory and homeostatic process of clearance of apoptotic cells (AC) and cellular debris, best described in the brain during neurodevelopment. The therapeutic potential of stimulating defective efferocytosis has been recognized in neurodegenerative diseases. In this review, we will explore the involvement of efferocytosis after a stroke and HI as a promising target for new HI therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jana Krystofova Mike
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA;
| | - Donna Marie Ferriero
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA;
- Department of Neurology Weill Institute for Neurosciences, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
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