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Cui X, Jiao J, Yang L, Wang Y, Jiang W, Yu T, Li M, Zhang H, Chao B, Wang Z, Wu M. Advanced tumor organoid bioprinting strategy for oncology research. Mater Today Bio 2024; 28:101198. [PMID: 39205873 PMCID: PMC11357813 DOI: 10.1016/j.mtbio.2024.101198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2024] [Revised: 07/14/2024] [Accepted: 08/08/2024] [Indexed: 09/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Bioprinting is a groundbreaking technology that enables precise distribution of cell-containing bioinks to construct organoid models that accurately reflect the characteristics of tumors in vivo. By incorporating different types of tumor cells into the bioink, the heterogeneity of tumors can be replicated, enabling studies to simulate real-life situations closely. Precise reproduction of the arrangement and interactions of tumor cells using bioprinting methods provides a more realistic representation of the tumor microenvironment. By mimicking the complexity of the tumor microenvironment, the growth patterns and diffusion of tumors can be demonstrated. This approach can also be used to evaluate the response of tumors to drugs, including drug permeability and cytotoxicity, and other characteristics. Therefore, organoid models can provide a more accurate oncology research and treatment simulation platform. This review summarizes the latest advancements in bioprinting to construct tumor organoid models. First, we describe the bioink used for tumor organoid model construction, followed by an introduction to various bioprinting methods for tumor model formation. Subsequently, we provide an overview of existing bioprinted tumor organoid models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangran Cui
- Department of Orthopedics, The Second Hospital of Jilin University Changchun, 130041, PR China
| | - Jianhang Jiao
- Department of Orthopedics, The Second Hospital of Jilin University Changchun, 130041, PR China
| | - Lili Yang
- Department of Orthopedics, The Second Hospital of Jilin University Changchun, 130041, PR China
| | - Yang Wang
- Department of Orthopedics, The Second Hospital of Jilin University Changchun, 130041, PR China
| | - Weibo Jiang
- Department of Orthopedics, The Second Hospital of Jilin University Changchun, 130041, PR China
| | - Tong Yu
- Department of Orthopedics, The Second Hospital of Jilin University Changchun, 130041, PR China
| | - Mufeng Li
- Department of Orthopedics, The Second Hospital of Jilin University Changchun, 130041, PR China
| | - Han Zhang
- Department of Orthopedics, The Second Hospital of Jilin University Changchun, 130041, PR China
| | - Bo Chao
- Department of Orthopedics, The Second Hospital of Jilin University Changchun, 130041, PR China
| | - Zhonghan Wang
- Department of Orthopedics, The Second Hospital of Jilin University Changchun, 130041, PR China
- Orthopaedic Research Institute of Jilin Province, Changchun, 130041, PR China
| | - Minfei Wu
- Department of Orthopedics, The Second Hospital of Jilin University Changchun, 130041, PR China
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Hoferkova E, Seda V, Kadakova S, Verner J, Loja T, Matulova K, Skuhrova Francova H, Ondrouskova E, Filip D, Blavet N, Boudny M, Mladonicka Pavlasova G, Vecera J, Ondrisova L, Pavelkova P, Hlavac K, Kostalova L, Michaelou A, Pospisilova S, Dorazilova J, Chochola V, Jaros J, Doubek M, Jarosova M, Hampl A, Vojtova L, Kren L, Mayer J, Mraz M. Stromal cells engineered to express T cell factors induce robust CLL cell proliferation in vitro and in PDX co-transplantations allowing the identification of RAF inhibitors as anti-proliferative drugs. Leukemia 2024; 38:1699-1711. [PMID: 38877102 PMCID: PMC11286525 DOI: 10.1038/s41375-024-02284-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2024] [Revised: 05/03/2024] [Accepted: 05/09/2024] [Indexed: 06/16/2024]
Abstract
Several in vitro models have been developed to mimic chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) proliferation in immune niches; however, they typically do not induce robust proliferation. We prepared a novel model based on mimicking T-cell signals in vitro and in patient-derived xenografts (PDXs). Six supportive cell lines were prepared by engineering HS5 stromal cells with stable expression of human CD40L, IL4, IL21, and their combinations. Co-culture with HS5 expressing CD40L and IL4 in combination led to mild CLL cell proliferation (median 7% at day 7), while the HS5 expressing CD40L, IL4, and IL21 led to unprecedented proliferation rate (median 44%). The co-cultures mimicked the gene expression fingerprint of lymph node CLL cells (MYC, NFκB, and E2F signatures) and revealed novel vulnerabilities in CLL-T-cell-induced proliferation. Drug testing in co-cultures revealed for the first time that pan-RAF inhibitors fully block CLL proliferation. The co-culture model can be downscaled to five microliter volume for large drug screening purposes or upscaled to CLL PDXs by HS5-CD40L-IL4 ± IL21 co-transplantation. Co-transplanting NSG mice with purified CLL cells and HS5-CD40L-IL4 or HS5-CD40L-IL4-IL21 cells on collagen-based scaffold led to 47% or 82% engraftment efficacy, respectively, with ~20% of PDXs being clonally related to CLL, potentially overcoming the need to co-transplant autologous T-cells in PDXs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eva Hoferkova
- Central European Institute of Technology, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
- Department of Internal Medicine, Hematology and Oncology, University Hospital Brno and Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
- Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Vaclav Seda
- Central European Institute of Technology, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
- Department of Internal Medicine, Hematology and Oncology, University Hospital Brno and Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Sona Kadakova
- Central European Institute of Technology, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Jan Verner
- Department of Internal Medicine, Hematology and Oncology, University Hospital Brno and Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Tomas Loja
- Central European Institute of Technology, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Kvetoslava Matulova
- Department of Pathology, University Hospital Brno and Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Hana Skuhrova Francova
- Department of Internal Medicine, Hematology and Oncology, University Hospital Brno and Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Eva Ondrouskova
- Department of Internal Medicine, Hematology and Oncology, University Hospital Brno and Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Daniel Filip
- Central European Institute of Technology, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
- Department of Internal Medicine, Hematology and Oncology, University Hospital Brno and Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Nicolas Blavet
- Central European Institute of Technology, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Miroslav Boudny
- Central European Institute of Technology, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
- Department of Internal Medicine, Hematology and Oncology, University Hospital Brno and Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
| | | | - Josef Vecera
- Central European Institute of Technology, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Laura Ondrisova
- Central European Institute of Technology, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
- Department of Internal Medicine, Hematology and Oncology, University Hospital Brno and Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Petra Pavelkova
- Central European Institute of Technology, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Krystof Hlavac
- Central European Institute of Technology, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
- Department of Internal Medicine, Hematology and Oncology, University Hospital Brno and Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Lenka Kostalova
- Central European Institute of Technology, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
- Department of Internal Medicine, Hematology and Oncology, University Hospital Brno and Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Androniki Michaelou
- Central European Institute of Technology, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
- Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Sarka Pospisilova
- Department of Internal Medicine, Hematology and Oncology, University Hospital Brno and Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Jana Dorazilova
- Central European Institute of Technology, Brno University of Technology, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Vaclav Chochola
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Josef Jaros
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Michael Doubek
- Department of Internal Medicine, Hematology and Oncology, University Hospital Brno and Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Marie Jarosova
- Department of Internal Medicine, Hematology and Oncology, University Hospital Brno and Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Ales Hampl
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Lucy Vojtova
- Central European Institute of Technology, Brno University of Technology, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Leos Kren
- Department of Pathology, University Hospital Brno and Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Jiri Mayer
- Department of Internal Medicine, Hematology and Oncology, University Hospital Brno and Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Marek Mraz
- Central European Institute of Technology, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic.
- Department of Internal Medicine, Hematology and Oncology, University Hospital Brno and Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic.
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Zhang Z, Chen X, Gao S, Fang X, Ren S. 3D bioprinted tumor model: a prompt and convenient platform for overcoming immunotherapy resistance by recapitulating the tumor microenvironment. Cell Oncol (Dordr) 2024; 47:1113-1126. [PMID: 38520648 PMCID: PMC11322267 DOI: 10.1007/s13402-024-00935-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/05/2024] [Indexed: 03/25/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cancer immunotherapy is receiving worldwide attention for its induction of an anti-tumor response. However, it has had limited efficacy in some patients who acquired resistance. The dynamic and sophisticated complexity of the tumor microenvironment (TME) is the leading contributor to this clinical dilemma. Through recapitulating the physiological features of the TME, 3D bioprinting is a promising research tool for cancer immunotherapy, which preserves in vivo malignant aggressiveness, heterogeneity, and the cell-cell/matrix interactions. It has been reported that application of 3D bioprinting holds potential to address the challenges of immunotherapy resistance and facilitate personalized medication. CONCLUSIONS AND PERSPECTIVES In this review, we briefly summarize the contributions of cellular and noncellular components of the TME in the development of immunotherapy resistance, and introduce recent advances in 3D bioprinted tumor models that served as platforms to study the interactions between tumor cells and the TME. By constructing multicellular 3D bioprinted tumor models, cellular and noncellular crosstalk is reproduced between tumor cells, immune cells, fibroblasts, adipocytes, and the extracellular matrix (ECM) within the TME. In the future, by quickly preparing 3D bioprinted tumor models with patient-derived components, information on tumor immunotherapy resistance can be obtained timely for clinical reference. The combined application with tumoroid or other 3D culture technologies will also help to better simulate the complexity and dynamics of tumor microenvironment in vitro. We aim to provide new perspectives for overcoming cancer immunotherapy resistance and inspire multidisciplinary research to improve the clinical application of 3D bioprinting technology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhanyi Zhang
- Bethune Third Clinical Medical College, Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, China
| | - Xuebo Chen
- Department of Gastrointestinal, Colorectal and Anal Surgery, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, NO. 126, Xiantai Street, Changchun, 130033, China
| | - Sujie Gao
- Department of Anesthesiology, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, 130033, China
| | - Xuedong Fang
- Department of Gastrointestinal, Colorectal and Anal Surgery, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, NO. 126, Xiantai Street, Changchun, 130033, China.
| | - Shengnan Ren
- Department of Breast Surgery, Peking University Cancer Hospital Yunnan, Yunnan Cancer Hospital, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, NO. 519, Kunzhou Street, Kunming, 650118, China.
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Simon-Molas H, Montironi C, Kabanova A, Eldering E. Metabolic reprogramming in the CLL TME; potential for new therapeutic targets. Semin Hematol 2024; 61:155-162. [PMID: 38493076 DOI: 10.1053/j.seminhematol.2024.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2023] [Revised: 01/28/2024] [Accepted: 02/12/2024] [Indexed: 03/18/2024]
Abstract
Chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) cells circulate between peripheral (PB) blood and lymph node (LN) compartments, and strictly depend on microenvironmental factors for proliferation, survival and drug resistance. All cancer cells display metabolic reprogramming and CLL is no exception - though the inert status of the PB CLL cells has hampered detailed insight into these processes. We summarize previous work on reactive oxygen species (ROS), oxidative stress, and hypoxia, as well as the important roles of Myc, and PI3K/Akt/mTor pathways. In vitro co-culture systems and gene expression analyses have provided a partial picture of CLL LN metabolism. New broad omics techniques allow to obtain molecular and also single-cell level understanding of CLL plasticity and metabolic reprogramming. We summarize recent developments and describe the new concept of glutamine addiction for CLL, which may hold therapeutic promise.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helga Simon-Molas
- Department of Experimental Immunology, Amsterdam UMC location University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Cancer Immunology, Amsterdam Institute for Infection and Immunity, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Cancer Immunology, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Hematology, Amsterdam UMC location University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Chiara Montironi
- Department of Experimental Immunology, Amsterdam UMC location University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Cancer Immunology, Amsterdam Institute for Infection and Immunity, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Cancer Immunology, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Anna Kabanova
- Tumour Immunology Unit, Toscana Life Sciences Foundation, Siena, Italy
| | - Eric Eldering
- Department of Experimental Immunology, Amsterdam UMC location University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Cancer Immunology, Amsterdam Institute for Infection and Immunity, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Cancer Immunology, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.
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Ma Y, Deng B, He R, Huang P. Advancements of 3D bioprinting in regenerative medicine: Exploring cell sources for organ fabrication. Heliyon 2024; 10:e24593. [PMID: 38318070 PMCID: PMC10838744 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e24593] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2023] [Revised: 01/02/2024] [Accepted: 01/10/2024] [Indexed: 02/07/2024] Open
Abstract
3D bioprinting has unlocked new possibilities for generating complex and functional tissues and organs. However, one of the greatest challenges lies in selecting the appropriate seed cells for constructing fully functional 3D artificial organs. Currently, there are no cell sources available that can fulfill all requirements of 3D bioprinting technologies, and each cell source possesses unique characteristics suitable for specific applications. In this review, we explore the impact of different 3D bioprinting technologies and bioink materials on seed cells, providing a comprehensive overview of the current landscape of cell sources that have been used or hold potential in 3D bioprinting. We also summarized key points to guide the selection of seed cells for 3D bioprinting. Moreover, we offer insights into the prospects of seed cell sources in 3D bioprinted organs, highlighting their potential to revolutionize the fields of tissue engineering and regenerative medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Runbang He
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Medical Materials and Devices, Engineering Research Center of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine Technology and Device (Ministry of Education), Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Tianjin Institutes of Health Science, Chinese Academy of Medical Science & Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, 300192, China
| | - Pengyu Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Medical Materials and Devices, Engineering Research Center of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine Technology and Device (Ministry of Education), Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Tianjin Institutes of Health Science, Chinese Academy of Medical Science & Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, 300192, China
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Barcena AJR, Dhal K, Patel P, Ravi P, Kundu S, Tappa K. Current Biomedical Applications of 3D-Printed Hydrogels. Gels 2023; 10:8. [PMID: 38275845 PMCID: PMC10815850 DOI: 10.3390/gels10010008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2023] [Revised: 12/12/2023] [Accepted: 12/18/2023] [Indexed: 01/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Three-dimensional (3D) printing, also known as additive manufacturing, has revolutionized the production of physical 3D objects by transforming computer-aided design models into layered structures, eliminating the need for traditional molding or machining techniques. In recent years, hydrogels have emerged as an ideal 3D printing feedstock material for the fabrication of hydrated constructs that replicate the extracellular matrix found in endogenous tissues. Hydrogels have seen significant advancements since their first use as contact lenses in the biomedical field. These advancements have led to the development of complex 3D-printed structures that include a wide variety of organic and inorganic materials, cells, and bioactive substances. The most commonly used 3D printing techniques to fabricate hydrogel scaffolds are material extrusion, material jetting, and vat photopolymerization, but novel methods that can enhance the resolution and structural complexity of printed constructs have also emerged. The biomedical applications of hydrogels can be broadly classified into four categories-tissue engineering and regenerative medicine, 3D cell culture and disease modeling, drug screening and toxicity testing, and novel devices and drug delivery systems. Despite the recent advancements in their biomedical applications, a number of challenges still need to be addressed to maximize the use of hydrogels for 3D printing. These challenges include improving resolution and structural complexity, optimizing cell viability and function, improving cost efficiency and accessibility, and addressing ethical and regulatory concerns for clinical translation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Allan John R. Barcena
- Department of Interventional Radiology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA;
- College of Medicine, University of the Philippines Manila, Manila 1000, Philippines
| | - Kashish Dhal
- Department of Mechanical & Aerospace Engineering, University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, TX 76019, USA; (K.D.); (P.P.)
| | - Parimal Patel
- Department of Mechanical & Aerospace Engineering, University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, TX 76019, USA; (K.D.); (P.P.)
| | - Prashanth Ravi
- Department of Radiology, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45219, USA;
| | - Suprateek Kundu
- Department of Biostatistics, Division of Basic Science Research, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA;
| | - Karthik Tappa
- Department of Breast Imaging, Division of Diagnostic Imaging, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
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Alhattab DM, Isaioglou I, Alshehri S, Khan ZN, Susapto HH, Li Y, Marghani Y, Alghuneim AA, Díaz-Rúa R, Abdelrahman S, Al-Bihani S, Ahmed F, Felimban RI, Alkhatabi H, Alserihi R, Abedalthagafi M, AlFadel A, Awidi A, Chaudhary AG, Merzaban J, Hauser CAE. Fabrication of a three-dimensional bone marrow niche-like acute myeloid Leukemia disease model by an automated and controlled process using a robotic multicellular bioprinting system. Biomater Res 2023; 27:111. [PMID: 37932837 PMCID: PMC10626721 DOI: 10.1186/s40824-023-00457-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2023] [Accepted: 10/29/2023] [Indexed: 11/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is a hematological malignancy that remains a therapeutic challenge due to the high incidence of disease relapse. To better understand resistance mechanisms and identify novel therapies, robust preclinical models mimicking the bone marrow (BM) microenvironment are needed. This study aimed to achieve an automated fabrication process of a three-dimensional (3D) AML disease model that recapitulates the 3D spatial structure of the BM microenvironment and applies to drug screening and investigational studies. METHODS To build this model, we investigated a unique class of tetramer peptides with an innate ability to self-assemble into stable hydrogel. An automated robotic bioprinting process was established to fabricate a 3D BM (niche-like) multicellular AML disease model comprised of leukemia cells and the BM's stromal and endothelial cellular fractions. In addition, monoculture and dual-culture models were also fabricated. Leukemia cell compatibility, functionalities (in vitro and in vivo), and drug assessment studies using our model were performed. In addition, RNAseq and gene expression analysis using TaqMan arrays were also performed on 3D cultured stromal cells and primary leukemia cells. RESULTS The selected peptide hydrogel formed a highly porous network of nanofibers with mechanical properties similar to the BM extracellular matrix. The robotic bioprinter and the novel quadruple coaxial nozzle enabled the automated fabrication of a 3D BM niche-like AML disease model with controlled deposition of multiple cell types into the model. This model supported the viability and growth of primary leukemic, endothelial, and stromal cells and recapitulated cell-cell and cell-ECM interactions. In addition, AML cells in our model possessed quiescent characteristics with improved chemoresistance attributes, resembling more the native conditions as indicated by our in vivo results. Moreover, the whole transcriptome data demonstrated the effect of 3D culture on enhancing BM niche cell characteristics. We identified molecular pathways upregulated in AML cells in our 3D model that might contribute to AML drug resistance and disease relapse. CONCLUSIONS Our results demonstrate the importance of developing 3D biomimicry models that closely recapitulate the in vivo conditions to gain deeper insights into drug resistance mechanisms and novel therapy development. These models can also improve personalized medicine by testing patient-specific treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dana M Alhattab
- Laboratory for Nanomedicine, Bioengineering Program, Division of Biological & Environmental Science & Engineering (BESE), King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
- Computational Bioscience Research Center (CBRC), King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
- KAUST Smart Health Initiative (KSHI), King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ioannis Isaioglou
- Cell Migration and Signaling Laboratory, Bioscience Program, Division of Biological & Environmental Science & Engineering (BESE), King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, Saudi Arabia
| | - Salwa Alshehri
- Laboratory for Nanomedicine, Bioengineering Program, Division of Biological & Environmental Science & Engineering (BESE), King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Jeddah, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Zainab N Khan
- Laboratory for Nanomedicine, Bioengineering Program, Division of Biological & Environmental Science & Engineering (BESE), King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
- Computational Bioscience Research Center (CBRC), King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
- Red Sea Research Center (RSRC), King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hepi H Susapto
- Laboratory for Nanomedicine, Bioengineering Program, Division of Biological & Environmental Science & Engineering (BESE), King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - Yanyan Li
- Cell Migration and Signaling Laboratory, Bioscience Program, Division of Biological & Environmental Science & Engineering (BESE), King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, Saudi Arabia
| | - Yara Marghani
- Laboratory for Nanomedicine, Bioengineering Program, Division of Biological & Environmental Science & Engineering (BESE), King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
- Computational Bioscience Research Center (CBRC), King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - Arwa A Alghuneim
- Cell Migration and Signaling Laboratory, Bioscience Program, Division of Biological & Environmental Science & Engineering (BESE), King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, Saudi Arabia
| | - Rubén Díaz-Rúa
- Core Laboratories, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sherin Abdelrahman
- Laboratory for Nanomedicine, Bioengineering Program, Division of Biological & Environmental Science & Engineering (BESE), King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
- Computational Bioscience Research Center (CBRC), King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - Shuroug Al-Bihani
- Core Laboratories, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, Saudi Arabia
| | - Farid Ahmed
- Department of Medical Laboratory Technology, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
- Center of Innovation in Personalized Medicine (CIPM), King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Raed I Felimban
- Department of Medical Laboratory Technology, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
- Center of Innovation in Personalized Medicine (CIPM), King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Heba Alkhatabi
- Department of Medical Laboratory Technology, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
- Center of Innovation in Personalized Medicine (CIPM), King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, 21589, Saudi Arabia
- Hematology Research Unit, King Fahd Medical Research Centre, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Raed Alserihi
- Department of Medical Laboratory Technology, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
- Center of Innovation in Personalized Medicine (CIPM), King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Malak Abedalthagafi
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Emory School of Medicine, Atlanta, USA
| | - AlShaibani AlFadel
- Division of Hematology, Stem Cell Transplantation & Cellular Therapy, Oncology Center, King Faisal Specialist Hospital & Research Center, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdalla Awidi
- Cell Therapy Center, The University of Jordan, Amman, Jordan
- Medical School, The University of Jordan, Amman, Jordan
- Jordan University Hospital, Amman, Jordan
| | - Adeel Gulzar Chaudhary
- Department of Medical Laboratory Technology, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
- Center of Innovation in Personalized Medicine (CIPM), King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Jasmeen Merzaban
- Cell Migration and Signaling Laboratory, Bioscience Program, Division of Biological & Environmental Science & Engineering (BESE), King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, Saudi Arabia
| | - Charlotte A E Hauser
- Laboratory for Nanomedicine, Bioengineering Program, Division of Biological & Environmental Science & Engineering (BESE), King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia.
- Computational Bioscience Research Center (CBRC), King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia.
- KAUST Smart Health Initiative (KSHI), King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia.
- Red Sea Research Center (RSRC), King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia.
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8
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De Vlieghere E, Van de Vijver K, Blondeel E, Carpentier N, Ghobeira R, Pauwels J, Riemann S, Minsart M, Fieuws C, Mestach J, Baeyens A, De Geyter N, Debbaut C, Denys H, Descamps B, Claes K, Vral A, Van Dorpe J, Gevaert K, De Geest BG, Ceelen W, Van Vlierberghe S, De Wever O. A preclinical platform for assessing long-term drug efficacy exploiting mechanically tunable scaffolds colonized by a three-dimensional tumor microenvironment. Biomater Res 2023; 27:104. [PMID: 37853495 PMCID: PMC10583378 DOI: 10.1186/s40824-023-00441-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2023] [Accepted: 09/25/2023] [Indexed: 10/20/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Long-term drug evaluation heavily relies upon rodent models. Drug discovery methods to reduce animal models in oncology may include three-dimensional (3D) cellular systems that take into account tumor microenvironment (TME) cell types and biomechanical properties. METHODS In this study we reconstructed a 3D tumor using an elastic polymer (acrylate-endcapped urethane-based poly(ethylene glycol) (AUPPEG)) with clinical relevant stiffness. Single cell suspensions from low-grade serous ovarian cancer (LGSOC) patient-derived early passage cultures of cancer cells and cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAF) embedded in a collagen gel were introduced to the AUPPEG scaffold. After self-organization in to a 3D tumor, this model was evaluated by a long-term (> 40 days) exposure to a drug combination of MEK and HSP90 inhibitors. The drug-response results from this long-term in vitro model are compared with drug responses in an orthotopic LGSOC xenograft mouse model. RESULTS The in vitro 3D scaffold LGSOC model mimics the growth ratio and spatial organization of the LGSOC. The AUPPEG scaffold approach allows to test new targeted treatments and monitor long-term drug responses. The results correlate with those of the orthotopic LGSOC xenograft mouse model. CONCLUSIONS The mechanically-tunable scaffolds colonized by a three-dimensional LGSOC allow long-term drug evaluation and can be considered as a valid alternative to reduce, replace and refine animal models in drug discovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elly De Vlieghere
- Department of Human Structure and Repair, Laboratory of Experimental Cancer Research, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
- Polymer Chemistry and Biomaterials Group, Centre of Macromolecular Chemistry, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
- Cancer Research Institute Ghent (CRIG), Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Koen Van de Vijver
- Cancer Research Institute Ghent (CRIG), Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
- Department of Diagnostic Sciences, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Eva Blondeel
- Department of Human Structure and Repair, Laboratory of Experimental Cancer Research, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
- Cancer Research Institute Ghent (CRIG), Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Nathan Carpentier
- Polymer Chemistry and Biomaterials Group, Centre of Macromolecular Chemistry, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
- Cancer Research Institute Ghent (CRIG), Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Rouba Ghobeira
- Department of Applied Physics, Research Unit Plasma Technology (RUPT), Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Jarne Pauwels
- Cancer Research Institute Ghent (CRIG), Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
- Department of Biomolecular Medicine, VIB Center for Medical Biotechnology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Sebastian Riemann
- Department of Human Structure and Repair, Laboratory of Experimental Cancer Research, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Manon Minsart
- Polymer Chemistry and Biomaterials Group, Centre of Macromolecular Chemistry, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Charlotte Fieuws
- Cancer Research Institute Ghent (CRIG), Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
- Department of Biomolecular Medicine, Center for Medical Genetics, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Johanna Mestach
- Department of Human Structure and Repair, Laboratory of Experimental Cancer Research, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
- Cancer Research Institute Ghent (CRIG), Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Ans Baeyens
- Cancer Research Institute Ghent (CRIG), Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
- Department of Human Structure and Repair, Radiobiology Group, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Nathalie De Geyter
- Department of Applied Physics, Research Unit Plasma Technology (RUPT), Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Charlotte Debbaut
- Cancer Research Institute Ghent (CRIG), Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
- Department of Electronics and Information Systems, IBiTech-Biommeda, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Hannelore Denys
- Cancer Research Institute Ghent (CRIG), Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
- Department of Medical Oncology, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Benedicte Descamps
- Cancer Research Institute Ghent (CRIG), Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
- Department of Electronics and Information Systems, IbiTech-Medisip, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Kathleen Claes
- Department of Biomolecular Medicine, Center for Medical Genetics, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Anne Vral
- Cancer Research Institute Ghent (CRIG), Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
- Department of Human Structure and Repair, Radiobiology Group, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Jo Van Dorpe
- Cancer Research Institute Ghent (CRIG), Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
- Department of Diagnostic Sciences, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Kris Gevaert
- Cancer Research Institute Ghent (CRIG), Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
- Department of Biomolecular Medicine, VIB Center for Medical Biotechnology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Bruno G De Geest
- Cancer Research Institute Ghent (CRIG), Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Wim Ceelen
- Cancer Research Institute Ghent (CRIG), Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
- Department of Human Structure and Repair, Experimental Surgery Lab, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Sandra Van Vlierberghe
- Polymer Chemistry and Biomaterials Group, Centre of Macromolecular Chemistry, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
- Cancer Research Institute Ghent (CRIG), Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Olivier De Wever
- Department of Human Structure and Repair, Laboratory of Experimental Cancer Research, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium.
- Cancer Research Institute Ghent (CRIG), Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium.
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium.
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9
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Barozzi D, Scielzo C. Emerging Strategies in 3D Culture Models for Hematological Cancers. Hemasphere 2023; 7:e932. [PMID: 37520775 PMCID: PMC10378728 DOI: 10.1097/hs9.0000000000000932] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2023] [Accepted: 06/16/2023] [Indexed: 08/01/2023] Open
Abstract
In vitro cell cultures are fundamental and necessary tools in cancer research and personalized drug discovery. Currently, most cells are cultured using two-dimensional (2D) methods, and drug testing is mainly performed in animal models. However, new and improved methods that implement three-dimensional (3D) cell-culturing techniques provide compelling evidence that more advanced experiments can be performed, yielding valuable new insights. In 3D cell-culture experiments, the cell environment can be manipulated to mimic the complexity and dynamicity of the human tissue microenvironment, possibly leading to more accurate representations of cell-to-cell interactions, tumor biology, and predictions of drug response. The 3D cell cultures can also potentially provide alternative ways to study hematological cancers and are expected to eventually bridge the gap between 2D cell culture and animal models. The present review provides an overview of the complexity of the lymphoid microenvironment and a summary of the currently used 3D models that aim at recreating it for hematological cancer research. We here dissect the differences and challenges between, and potential advantages of, different culture methods and present our vision of the most promising future strategies in the hematological field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dafne Barozzi
- Università degli Studi di Milano-Bicocca, School of Medicine and Surgery, PhD program in Molecular and Translational Medicine (DIMET), Milano, Italy
- Unit of Malignant B cells biology and 3D modelling, Division of Experimental Oncology, IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele, Milano, Italy
| | - Cristina Scielzo
- Unit of Malignant B cells biology and 3D modelling, Division of Experimental Oncology, IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele, Milano, Italy
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10
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Pottosin I, Olivas-Aguirre M, Dobrovinskaya O. In vitro simulation of the acute lymphoblastic leukemia niche: a critical view on the optimal approximation for drug testing. J Leukoc Biol 2023; 114:21-41. [PMID: 37039524 DOI: 10.1093/jleuko/qiad039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2022] [Revised: 03/29/2023] [Accepted: 03/31/2023] [Indexed: 04/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Acute lymphoblastic leukemia with the worst prognosis is related to minimal residual disease. Minimal residual disease not only depends on the individual peculiarities of leukemic clones but also reflects the protective role of the acute lymphoblastic leukemia microenvironment. In this review, we discuss in detail cell-to-cell interactions in the 2 leukemic niches, more explored bone marrow and less studied extramedullary adipose tissue. A special emphasis is given to multiple ways of interactions of acute lymphoblastic leukemia cells with the bone marrow or extramedullary adipose tissue microenvironment, indicating observed differences in B- and T-cell-derived acute lymphoblastic leukemia behavior. This analysis argued for the usage of coculture systems for drug testing. Starting with a review of available sources and characteristics of acute lymphoblastic leukemia cells, mesenchymal stromal cells, endothelial cells, and adipocytes, we have then made an update of the available 2-dimensional and 3-dimensional systems, which bring together cellular elements, components of the extracellular matrix, or its imitation. We discussed the most complex available 3-dimensional systems like "leukemia-on-a-chip," which include either a prefabricated microfluidics platform or, alternatively, the microarchitecture, designed by using the 3-dimensional bioprinting technologies. From our analysis, it follows that for preclinical antileukemic drug testing, in most cases, intermediately complex in vitro cell systems are optimal, such as a "2.5-dimensional" coculture of acute lymphoblastic leukemia cells with niche cells (mesenchymal stromal cells, endothelial cells) plus matrix components or scaffold-free mesenchymal stromal cell organoids, populated by acute lymphoblastic leukemia cells. Due to emerging evidence for the correlation of obesity and poor prognosis, a coculture of adipocytes with acute lymphoblastic leukemia cells as a drug testing system is gaining shape.
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Affiliation(s)
- Igor Pottosin
- Laboratory of Immunobiology and Ionic Transport Regulation, University Center for Biomedical Research, University of Colima, Av. Enrique Arreola Silva 883, Guzmán City, Jalisco, 49000, Mexico
| | - Miguel Olivas-Aguirre
- Laboratory of Immunobiology and Ionic Transport Regulation, University Center for Biomedical Research, University of Colima, Av. Enrique Arreola Silva 883, Guzmán City, Jalisco, 49000, Mexico
- Division of Exact, Natural and Technological Sciences, South University Center (CUSUR), University of Guadalajara, Jalisco, Mexico
| | - Oxana Dobrovinskaya
- Laboratory of Immunobiology and Ionic Transport Regulation, University Center for Biomedical Research, University of Colima, Av. Enrique Arreola Silva 883, Guzmán City, Jalisco, 49000, Mexico
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11
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Hermansen JU, Yin Y, Urban A, Myklebust CV, Karlsen L, Melvold K, Tveita AA, Taskén K, Munthe LA, Tjønnfjord GE, Skånland SS. A tumor microenvironment model of chronic lymphocytic leukemia enables drug sensitivity testing to guide precision medicine. Cell Death Discov 2023; 9:125. [PMID: 37055391 PMCID: PMC10101987 DOI: 10.1038/s41420-023-01426-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2022] [Accepted: 04/03/2023] [Indexed: 04/15/2023] Open
Abstract
The microenvironment of chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) cells in lymph nodes, spleen, and bone marrow provides survival, proliferation, and drug resistance signals. Therapies need to be effective in these compartments, and pre-clinical models of CLL that are used to test drug sensitivity must mimic the tumor microenvironment to reflect clinical responses. Ex vivo models have been developed that capture individual or multiple aspects of the CLL microenvironment, but they are not necessarily compatible with high-throughput drug screens. Here, we report on a model that has reasonable associated costs, can be handled in a regularly equipped cell lab, and is compatible with ex vivo functional assays including drug sensitivity screens. The CLL cells are cultured with fibroblasts that express the ligands APRIL, BAFF and CD40L for 24 h. The transient co-culture was shown to support survival of primary CLL cells for at least 13 days, and mimic in vivo drug resistance signals. Ex vivo sensitivity and resistance to the Bcl-2 antagonist venetoclax correlated with in vivo responses. The assay was used to identify treatment vulnerabilities and guide precision medicine for a patient with relapsed CLL. Taken together, the presented CLL microenvironment model enables clinical implementation of functional precision medicine in CLL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johanne U Hermansen
- Department of Cancer Immunology, Institute for Cancer Research, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
- K. G. Jebsen Centre for B Cell Malignancies, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Yanping Yin
- Department of Cancer Immunology, Institute for Cancer Research, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
- K. G. Jebsen Centre for B Cell Malignancies, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Haematology, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Aleksandra Urban
- Department of Cancer Immunology, Institute for Cancer Research, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
- K. G. Jebsen Centre for B Cell Malignancies, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Camilla V Myklebust
- K. G. Jebsen Centre for B Cell Malignancies, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Immunology, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Linda Karlsen
- Department of Cancer Immunology, Institute for Cancer Research, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
- K. G. Jebsen Centre for B Cell Malignancies, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Katrine Melvold
- Department of Cancer Immunology, Institute for Cancer Research, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
- K. G. Jebsen Centre for B Cell Malignancies, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Anders A Tveita
- K. G. Jebsen Centre for B Cell Malignancies, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Immunology, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Kjetil Taskén
- Department of Cancer Immunology, Institute for Cancer Research, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
- K. G. Jebsen Centre for B Cell Malignancies, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Ludvig A Munthe
- K. G. Jebsen Centre for B Cell Malignancies, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Immunology, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Geir E Tjønnfjord
- K. G. Jebsen Centre for B Cell Malignancies, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Haematology, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Sigrid S Skånland
- Department of Cancer Immunology, Institute for Cancer Research, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway.
- K. G. Jebsen Centre for B Cell Malignancies, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.
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12
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Visalakshan RM, Lowrey MK, Sousa MGC, Helms HR, Samiea A, Schutt CE, Moreau JM, Bertassoni LE. Opportunities and challenges to engineer 3D models of tumor-adaptive immune interactions. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1162905. [PMID: 37081897 PMCID: PMC10110941 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1162905] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2023] [Accepted: 03/14/2023] [Indexed: 04/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Augmenting adaptive immunity is a critical goal for developing next-generation cancer therapies. T and B cells infiltrating the tumor dramatically influence cancer progression through complex interactions with the local microenvironment. Cancer cells evade and limit these immune responses by hijacking normal immunologic pathways. Current experimental models using conventional primary cells, cell lines, or animals have limitations for studying cancer-immune interactions directly relevant to human biology and clinical translation. Therefore, engineering methods to emulate such interplay at local and systemic levels are crucial to expedite the development of better therapies and diagnostic tools. In this review, we discuss the challenges, recent advances, and future directions toward engineering the tumor-immune microenvironment (TME), including key elements of adaptive immunity. We first offer an overview of the recent research that has advanced our understanding of the role of the adaptive immune system in the tumor microenvironment. Next, we discuss recent developments in 3D in-vitro models and engineering approaches that have been used to study the interaction of cancer and stromal cells with B and T lymphocytes. We summarize recent advancement in 3D bioengineering and discuss the need for 3D tumor models that better incorporate elements of the complex interplay of adaptive immunity and the tumor microenvironment. Finally, we provide a perspective on current challenges and future directions for modeling cancer-immune interactions aimed at identifying new biological targets for diagnostics and therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rahul M. Visalakshan
- Knight Cancer Precision Biofabrication Hub, Knight Cancer Institute, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR, United States
- Cancer Early Detection Advanced Research Center, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR, United States
- Division of Biomaterials and Biomechanics, Department of Restorative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, United States
| | - Mary K. Lowrey
- Cancer Early Detection Advanced Research Center, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR, United States
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Medicine, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR, United States
| | - Mauricio G. C. Sousa
- Knight Cancer Precision Biofabrication Hub, Knight Cancer Institute, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR, United States
- Cancer Early Detection Advanced Research Center, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR, United States
- Division of Biomaterials and Biomechanics, Department of Restorative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, United States
| | - Haylie R. Helms
- Knight Cancer Precision Biofabrication Hub, Knight Cancer Institute, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR, United States
- Cancer Early Detection Advanced Research Center, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR, United States
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Medicine, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR, United States
| | - Abrar Samiea
- Cancer Early Detection Advanced Research Center, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR, United States
| | - Carolyn E. Schutt
- Cancer Early Detection Advanced Research Center, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR, United States
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Medicine, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR, United States
| | - Josh M. Moreau
- Cancer Early Detection Advanced Research Center, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR, United States
- Division of Oncological Sciences, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR, United States
- Department of Dermatology, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR, United States
| | - Luiz E. Bertassoni
- Knight Cancer Precision Biofabrication Hub, Knight Cancer Institute, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR, United States
- Cancer Early Detection Advanced Research Center, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR, United States
- Division of Biomaterials and Biomechanics, Department of Restorative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, United States
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Medicine, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR, United States
- Division of Oncological Sciences, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR, United States
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13
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de Janon A, Mantalaris A, Panoskaltsis N. Three-Dimensional Human Bone Marrow Organoids for the Study and Application of Normal and Abnormal Hematoimmunopoiesis. JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY (BALTIMORE, MD. : 1950) 2023; 210:895-904. [PMID: 36947817 PMCID: PMC7614371 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.2200836] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2022] [Accepted: 01/18/2023] [Indexed: 03/24/2023]
Abstract
Hematoimmunopoiesis takes place in the adult human bone marrow (BM), which is composed of heterogeneous niches with complex architecture that enables tight regulation of homeostatic and stress responses. There is a paucity of representative culture systems that recapitulate the heterogeneous three-dimensional (3D) human BM microenvironment and that can endogenously produce soluble factors and extracellular matrix that deliver culture fidelity for the study of both normal and abnormal hematopoiesis. Native BM lymphoid populations are also poorly represented in current in vitro and in vivo models, creating challenges for the study and treatment of BM immunopathology. BM organoid models leverage normal 3D organ structure to recreate functional niche microenvironments. Our focus herein is to review the current state of the art in the use of 3D BM organoids, focusing on their capacities to recreate critical quality attributes of the in vivo BM microenvironment for the study of human normal and abnormal hematopoiesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alejandro de Janon
- BioMedical Systems Engineering Laboratory, Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, The Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Athanasios Mantalaris
- BioMedical Systems Engineering Laboratory, Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, The Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, USA
- School of Pharmacy & Pharmaceutical Sciences, Trinity College Dublin, Ireland
- National Institute for Bioprocessing Research and Training, Ireland
| | - Nicki Panoskaltsis
- BioMedical Systems Engineering Laboratory, Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, The Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, USA
- Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
- School of Pharmacy & Pharmaceutical Sciences, Trinity College Dublin, Ireland
- Department of Haematology, St. James’s Hospital Dublin, Ireland
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14
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Choquette T, Henson ES, Yang X, Johnston JB, Gibson SB. A novel method to investigate drug resistance in the chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) microenvironment: Analysis of CLL Cellular Environment and Response (ACCER). Leuk Lymphoma 2023; 64:822-834. [PMID: 36803637 DOI: 10.1080/10428194.2023.2171729] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/22/2023]
Abstract
Microenvironments such as lymph nodes allow chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) cells to survive and become drug resistant. There are limited methods to study the to study the contribution of the stromal microenvironment. We have adapted a solid tumor microenvironment cell culture system that provides elements of the CLL microenvironment called Analysis of CLL Cellular Environment and Response (ACCER). We optimized the cell number for patient's primary CLL cells and HS-5 human bone marrow stromal cell line that will give sufficient cell number and viability with the ACCER. We then determined the amount of collagen type 1 to give the best extracellular matrix to seed CLL cells to the membrane. Finally, we determined that ACCER provide CLL cell protection against cell death following treatment with fludarabine and ibrutinib compared to co-culture conditions. This describes novel microenvironment model to investigate factors that promote drug resistance in CLL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tricia Choquette
- CancerCare Manitoba Research Institute, CancerCare Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada.,Department of Biochemistry and Medical Genetics, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | - Elizabeth S Henson
- CancerCare Manitoba Research Institute, CancerCare Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada.,Department of Biochemistry and Medical Genetics, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | - Xiaoyan Yang
- Department of Oncology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - James B Johnston
- CancerCare Manitoba Research Institute, CancerCare Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada.,Department of Internal Medicine, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | - Spencer B Gibson
- CancerCare Manitoba Research Institute, CancerCare Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada.,Department of Biochemistry and Medical Genetics, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada.,Department of Oncology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
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15
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Neufeld L, Yeini E, Pozzi S, Satchi-Fainaro R. 3D bioprinted cancer models: from basic biology to drug development. Nat Rev Cancer 2022; 22:679-692. [PMID: 36280768 DOI: 10.1038/s41568-022-00514-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Effort invested in the development of new drugs often fails to be translated into meaningful clinical benefits for patients with cancer. The development of more effective anticancer therapeutics and accurate prediction of their clinical merit remain urgent unmet medical needs. As solid cancers have complex and heterogeneous structures composed of different cell types and extracellular matrices, three-dimensional (3D) cancer models hold great potential for advancing our understanding of cancer biology, which has been historically investigated in tumour cell cultures on rigid plastic plates. Advanced 3D bioprinted cancer models have the potential to revolutionize the way we discover therapeutic targets, develop new drugs and personalize anticancer therapies in an accurate, reproducible, clinically translatable and robust manner. These ex vivo cancer models are already replacing existing in vitro systems and could, in the future, diminish or even replace the use of animal models. Therefore, profound understanding of the differences in tumorigenesis between 2D, 3D and animal models of cancer is essential. This Review presents the state of the art of 3D bioprinted cancer modelling, focusing on the biological processes that underlie the molecular mechanisms involved in cancer progression and treatment response as well as on proteomic and genomic signatures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lena Neufeld
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Eilam Yeini
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Sabina Pozzi
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Ronit Satchi-Fainaro
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel.
- Sagol School of Neurosciences, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel.
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16
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Can 3D bioprinting solve the mystery of senescence in cancer therapy? Ageing Res Rev 2022; 81:101732. [PMID: 36100069 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2022.101732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2022] [Revised: 08/30/2022] [Accepted: 09/08/2022] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Tumor dormancy leading to cancer relapse is still a poorly understood mechanism. Several cell states such as quiescence and diapause can explain the persistence of tumor cells in a dormant state, but the potential role of tumor cell senescence has been met with hesitance given the historical understanding of the senescent growth arrest as irreversible. However, recent evidence has suggested that senescence might contribute to dormancy and relapse, although its exact role is not fully developed. This limited understanding is largely due to the paucity of reliable study models. The current 2D cell modeling is overly simplistic and lacks the appropriate representation of the interactions between tumor cells (senescent or non-senescent) and the other cell types within the tumor microenvironment (TME), as well as with the extracellular matrix (ECM). 3D cell culture models, including 3D bioprinting techniques, offer a promising approach to better recapitulate the native cancer microenvironment and would significantly improve our understanding of cancer biology and cellular response to treatment, particularly Therapy-Induced Senescence (TIS), and its contribution to tumor dormancy and cancer recurrence. Fabricating a novel 3D bioprinted model offers excellent opportunities to investigate both the role of TIS in tumor dormancy and the utility of senolytics (drugs that selectively eliminate senescent cells) in targeting dormant cancer cells and mitigating the risk for resurgence. In this review, we discuss literature on the possible contribution of TIS in tumor dormancy, provide examples on the current 3D models of senescence, and propose a novel 3D model to investigate the ultimate role of TIS in mediating overall response to therapy.
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17
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Guzzeloni V, Veschini L, Pedica F, Ferrero E, Ferrarini M. 3D Models as a Tool to Assess the Anti-Tumor Efficacy of Therapeutic Antibodies: Advantages and Limitations. Antibodies (Basel) 2022; 11:antib11030046. [PMID: 35892706 PMCID: PMC9326665 DOI: 10.3390/antib11030046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2022] [Revised: 06/30/2022] [Accepted: 07/06/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Therapeutic monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) are an emerging and very active frontier in clinical oncology, with hundred molecules currently in use or being tested. These treatments have already revolutionized clinical outcomes in both solid and hematological malignancies. However, identifying patients who are most likely to benefit from mAbs treatment is currently challenging and limiting the impact of such therapies. To overcome this issue, and to fulfill the expectations of mAbs therapies, it is urgently required to develop proper culture models capable of faithfully reproducing the interactions between tumor and its surrounding native microenvironment (TME). Three-dimensional (3D) models which allow the assessment of the impact of drugs on tumors within its TME in a patient-specific context are promising avenues to progressively fill the gap between conventional 2D cultures and animal models, substantially contributing to the achievement of personalized medicine. This review aims to give a brief overview of the currently available 3D models, together with their specific exploitation for therapeutic mAbs testing, underlying advantages and current limitations to a broader use in preclinical oncology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Virginia Guzzeloni
- B-Cell Neoplasia Unit, Division of Experimental Oncology, IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele, 20132 Milan, Italy; (V.G.); (E.F.)
| | - Lorenzo Veschini
- Academic Centre of Reconstructive Science, Faculty of Dentistry Oral & Craniofacial Sciences, King’s College London, Guy’s Hospital, London SE1 9RT, UK;
| | - Federica Pedica
- Pathology Unit, IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele, 20132 Milan, Italy;
| | - Elisabetta Ferrero
- B-Cell Neoplasia Unit, Division of Experimental Oncology, IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele, 20132 Milan, Italy; (V.G.); (E.F.)
| | - Marina Ferrarini
- B-Cell Neoplasia Unit, Division of Experimental Oncology, IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele, 20132 Milan, Italy; (V.G.); (E.F.)
- Correspondence:
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Staros R, Michalak A, Rusinek K, Mucha K, Pojda Z, Zagożdżon R. Perspectives for 3D-Bioprinting in Modeling of Tumor Immune Evasion. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14133126. [PMID: 35804898 PMCID: PMC9265021 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14133126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2022] [Revised: 05/31/2022] [Accepted: 06/23/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
In a living organism, cancer cells function in a specific microenvironment, where they exchange numerous physical and biochemical cues with other cells and the surrounding extracellular matrix (ECM). Immune evasion is a clinically relevant phenomenon, in which cancer cells are able to direct this interchange of signals against the immune effector cells and to generate an immunosuppressive environment favoring their own survival. A proper understanding of this phenomenon is substantial for generating more successful anticancer therapies. However, classical cell culture systems are unable to sufficiently recapture the dynamic nature and complexity of the tumor microenvironment (TME) to be of satisfactory use for comprehensive studies on mechanisms of tumor immune evasion. In turn, 3D-bioprinting is a rapidly evolving manufacture technique, in which it is possible to generate finely detailed structures comprised of multiple cell types and biomaterials serving as ECM-analogues. In this review, we focus on currently used 3D-bioprinting techniques, their applications in the TME research, and potential uses of 3D-bioprinting in modeling of tumor immune evasion and response to immunotherapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rafał Staros
- Department of Immunology, Transplantation and Internal Medicine, Medical University of Warsaw, 02-006 Warsaw, Poland; (R.S.); (K.M.)
| | - Agata Michalak
- Department of Regenerative Medicine, Maria Sklodowska-Curie National Institute of Oncology, 02-781 Warsaw, Poland; (A.M.); (K.R.); (Z.P.)
| | - Kinga Rusinek
- Department of Regenerative Medicine, Maria Sklodowska-Curie National Institute of Oncology, 02-781 Warsaw, Poland; (A.M.); (K.R.); (Z.P.)
| | - Krzysztof Mucha
- Department of Immunology, Transplantation and Internal Medicine, Medical University of Warsaw, 02-006 Warsaw, Poland; (R.S.); (K.M.)
| | - Zygmunt Pojda
- Department of Regenerative Medicine, Maria Sklodowska-Curie National Institute of Oncology, 02-781 Warsaw, Poland; (A.M.); (K.R.); (Z.P.)
| | - Radosław Zagożdżon
- Department of Immunology, Transplantation and Internal Medicine, Medical University of Warsaw, 02-006 Warsaw, Poland; (R.S.); (K.M.)
- Department of Regenerative Medicine, Maria Sklodowska-Curie National Institute of Oncology, 02-781 Warsaw, Poland; (A.M.); (K.R.); (Z.P.)
- Department of Clinical Immunology, Medical University of Warsaw, 02-006 Warsaw, Poland
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +48-22-502-14-72; Fax: +48-22-502-21-59
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In Vitro and In Vivo Models of CLL–T Cell Interactions: Implications for Drug Testing. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14133087. [PMID: 35804862 PMCID: PMC9264798 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14133087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2022] [Revised: 06/17/2022] [Accepted: 06/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) cells in the peripheral blood and lymphoid microenvironment display substantially different gene expression profiles and proliferative capaci-ty. It has been suggested that CLL–T-cell interactions are key pro-proliferative stimuli in immune niches. We review in vitro and in vivo model systems that mimic CLL-T-cell interactions to trigger CLL proliferation and study therapy resistance. We focus on studies describing the co-culture of leukemic cells with T cells, or supportive cell lines expressing T-cell factors, and simplified models of CLL cells’ stimulation with recombinant factors. In the second part, we summarize mouse models revealing the role of T cells in CLL biology and implications for generating patient-derived xenografts by co-transplanting leukemic cells with T cells. Abstract T cells are key components in environments that support chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL), activating CLL-cell proliferation and survival. Here, we review in vitro and in vivo model systems that mimic CLL–T-cell interactions, since these are critical for CLL-cell division and resistance to some types of therapy (such as DNA-damaging drugs or BH3-mimetic venetoclax). We discuss approaches for direct CLL-cell co-culture with autologous T cells, models utilizing supportive cell lines engineered to express T-cell factors (such as CD40L) or stimulating CLL cells with combinations of recombinant factors (CD40L, interleukins IL4 or IL21, INFγ) and additional B-cell receptor (BCR) activation with anti-IgM antibody. We also summarize strategies for CLL co-transplantation with autologous T cells into immunodeficient mice (NOD/SCID, NSG, NOG) to generate patient-derived xenografts (PDX) and the role of T cells in transgenic CLL mouse models based on TCL1 overexpression (Eµ-TCL1). We further discuss how these in vitro and in vivo models could be used to test drugs to uncover the effects of targeted therapies (such as inhibitors of BTK, PI3K, SYK, AKT, MEK, CDKs, BCL2, and proteasome) or chemotherapy (fludarabine and bendamustine) on CLL–T-cell interactions and CLL proliferation.
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In Vitro Human Cancer Models for Biomedical Applications. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14092284. [PMID: 35565413 PMCID: PMC9099454 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14092284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2022] [Revised: 04/16/2022] [Accepted: 04/30/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Cancer is a leading cause of death worldwide. While numerous studies have been conducted on cancer treatment, clinical treatment options for cancers are still limited. To date, animal cancer models for cancer therapeutic studies have faced multiple challenges, including inaccuracy in the representation of human cancers, high cost and ethical concerns. Therefore, lab-grown human cancer models are being developed quickly to fulfill the increasing demand for more relevant models in order to improve knowledge of human cancers and to find novel treatments. This review summarizes the development of lab-grown human cancer models for biomedical applications, including cancer therapeutic development, assessment of human tumor biology and discovery of key cancer markers. Abstract Cancer is one of the leading causes of death worldwide, and its incidence is steadily increasing. Although years of research have been conducted on cancer treatment, clinical treatment options for cancers are still limited. Animal cancer models have been widely used for studies of cancer therapeutics, but these models have been associated with many concerns, including inaccuracy in the representation of human cancers, high cost and ethical issues. Therefore, in vitro human cancer models are being developed quickly to fulfill the increasing demand for more relevant models in order to get a better knowledge of human cancers and to find novel treatments. This review summarizes the development of in vitro human cancer models for biomedical applications. We first review the latest development in the field by detailing various types of in vitro human cancer models, including transwell-based models, tumor spheroids, microfluidic tumor-microvascular systems and scaffold-based models. The advantages and limitations of each model, as well as their biomedical applications, are summarized, including therapeutic development, assessment of tumor cell migration, metastasis and invasion and discovery of key cancer markers. Finally, the existing challenges and future perspectives are briefly discussed.
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Germain N, Dhayer M, Dekiouk S, Marchetti P. Current Advances in 3D Bioprinting for Cancer Modeling and Personalized Medicine. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:3432. [PMID: 35408789 PMCID: PMC8998835 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23073432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2022] [Revised: 03/15/2022] [Accepted: 03/18/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Tumor cells evolve in a complex and heterogeneous environment composed of different cell types and an extracellular matrix. Current 2D culture methods are very limited in their ability to mimic the cancer cell environment. In recent years, various 3D models of cancer cells have been developed, notably in the form of spheroids/organoids, using scaffold or cancer-on-chip devices. However, these models have the disadvantage of not being able to precisely control the organization of multiple cell types in complex architecture and are sometimes not very reproducible in their production, and this is especially true for spheroids. Three-dimensional bioprinting can produce complex, multi-cellular, and reproducible constructs in which the matrix composition and rigidity can be adapted locally or globally to the tumor model studied. For these reasons, 3D bioprinting seems to be the technique of choice to mimic the tumor microenvironment in vivo as closely as possible. In this review, we discuss different 3D-bioprinting technologies, including bioinks and crosslinkers that can be used for in vitro cancer models and the techniques used to study cells grown in hydrogels; finally, we provide some applications of bioprinted cancer models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicolas Germain
- UMR 9020–UMR-S 1277–Canther–Cancer Heterogeneity, Plasticity and Resistance to Therapies, Institut de Recherche Contre le Cancer de Lille, University Lille, CNRS, Inserm, CHU Lille, F-59000 Lille, France; (M.D.); (S.D.)
- Banque de Tissus, Centre de Biologie-Pathologie, CHU Lille, F-59000 Lille, France
| | - Melanie Dhayer
- UMR 9020–UMR-S 1277–Canther–Cancer Heterogeneity, Plasticity and Resistance to Therapies, Institut de Recherche Contre le Cancer de Lille, University Lille, CNRS, Inserm, CHU Lille, F-59000 Lille, France; (M.D.); (S.D.)
| | - Salim Dekiouk
- UMR 9020–UMR-S 1277–Canther–Cancer Heterogeneity, Plasticity and Resistance to Therapies, Institut de Recherche Contre le Cancer de Lille, University Lille, CNRS, Inserm, CHU Lille, F-59000 Lille, France; (M.D.); (S.D.)
| | - Philippe Marchetti
- UMR 9020–UMR-S 1277–Canther–Cancer Heterogeneity, Plasticity and Resistance to Therapies, Institut de Recherche Contre le Cancer de Lille, University Lille, CNRS, Inserm, CHU Lille, F-59000 Lille, France; (M.D.); (S.D.)
- Banque de Tissus, Centre de Biologie-Pathologie, CHU Lille, F-59000 Lille, France
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Genomic and Epigenomic Landscape of Juvenile Myelomonocytic Leukemia. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14051335. [PMID: 35267643 PMCID: PMC8909150 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14051335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2022] [Revised: 02/25/2022] [Accepted: 03/02/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Juvenile myelomonocytic leukemia (JMML) is a rare pediatric myelodysplastic/myeloproliferative neoplasm characterized by the constitutive activation of the RAS pathway. In spite of the recent progresses in the molecular characterization of JMML, this disease is still a clinical challenge due to its heterogeneity, difficult diagnosis, poor prognosis, and the lack of curative treatment options other than hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT). In this review, we will provide a detailed overview of the genetic and epigenetic alterations occurring in JMML, and discuss their clinical relevance in terms of disease prognosis and risk of relapse after HSCT. We will also present the most recent advances on novel preclinical and clinical therapeutic approaches directed against JMML molecular targets. Finally, we will outline future research perspectives to further explore the oncogenic mechanism driving JMML leukemogenesis and progression, with special attention to the application of single-cell next-generation sequencing technologies. Abstract Juvenile myelomonocytic leukemia (JMML) is a rare myelodysplastic/myeloproliferative neoplasm of early childhood. Most of JMML patients experience an aggressive clinical course of the disease and require hematopoietic stem cell transplantation, which is currently the only curative treatment. JMML is characterized by RAS signaling hyperactivation, which is mainly driven by mutations in one of five genes of the RAS pathway, including PTPN11, KRAS, NRAS, NF1, and CBL. These driving mutations define different disease subtypes with specific clinico-biological features. Secondary mutations affecting other genes inside and outside the RAS pathway contribute to JMML pathogenesis and are associated with a poorer prognosis. In addition to these genetic alterations, JMML commonly presents aberrant epigenetic profiles that strongly correlate with the clinical outcome of the patients. This observation led to the recent publication of an international JMML stratification consensus, which defines three JMML clinical groups based on DNA methylation status. Although the characterization of the genomic and epigenomic landscapes in JMML has significantly contributed to better understand the molecular mechanisms driving the disease, our knowledge on JMML origin, cell identity, and intratumor and interpatient heterogeneity is still scarce. The application of new single-cell sequencing technologies will be critical to address these questions in the future.
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