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Staros R, Michalak A, Rusinek K, Mucha K, Pojda Z, Zagożdżon R. Perspectives for 3D-Bioprinting in Modeling of Tumor Immune Evasion. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14133126. [PMID: 35804898 PMCID: PMC9265021 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14133126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2022] [Revised: 05/31/2022] [Accepted: 06/23/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
In a living organism, cancer cells function in a specific microenvironment, where they exchange numerous physical and biochemical cues with other cells and the surrounding extracellular matrix (ECM). Immune evasion is a clinically relevant phenomenon, in which cancer cells are able to direct this interchange of signals against the immune effector cells and to generate an immunosuppressive environment favoring their own survival. A proper understanding of this phenomenon is substantial for generating more successful anticancer therapies. However, classical cell culture systems are unable to sufficiently recapture the dynamic nature and complexity of the tumor microenvironment (TME) to be of satisfactory use for comprehensive studies on mechanisms of tumor immune evasion. In turn, 3D-bioprinting is a rapidly evolving manufacture technique, in which it is possible to generate finely detailed structures comprised of multiple cell types and biomaterials serving as ECM-analogues. In this review, we focus on currently used 3D-bioprinting techniques, their applications in the TME research, and potential uses of 3D-bioprinting in modeling of tumor immune evasion and response to immunotherapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rafał Staros
- Department of Immunology, Transplantation and Internal Medicine, Medical University of Warsaw, 02-006 Warsaw, Poland; (R.S.); (K.M.)
| | - Agata Michalak
- Department of Regenerative Medicine, Maria Sklodowska-Curie National Institute of Oncology, 02-781 Warsaw, Poland; (A.M.); (K.R.); (Z.P.)
| | - Kinga Rusinek
- Department of Regenerative Medicine, Maria Sklodowska-Curie National Institute of Oncology, 02-781 Warsaw, Poland; (A.M.); (K.R.); (Z.P.)
| | - Krzysztof Mucha
- Department of Immunology, Transplantation and Internal Medicine, Medical University of Warsaw, 02-006 Warsaw, Poland; (R.S.); (K.M.)
| | - Zygmunt Pojda
- Department of Regenerative Medicine, Maria Sklodowska-Curie National Institute of Oncology, 02-781 Warsaw, Poland; (A.M.); (K.R.); (Z.P.)
| | - Radosław Zagożdżon
- Department of Immunology, Transplantation and Internal Medicine, Medical University of Warsaw, 02-006 Warsaw, Poland; (R.S.); (K.M.)
- Department of Regenerative Medicine, Maria Sklodowska-Curie National Institute of Oncology, 02-781 Warsaw, Poland; (A.M.); (K.R.); (Z.P.)
- Department of Clinical Immunology, Medical University of Warsaw, 02-006 Warsaw, Poland
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +48-22-502-14-72; Fax: +48-22-502-21-59
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Pavez Loriè E, Baatout S, Choukér A, Buchheim JI, Baselet B, Dello Russo C, Wotring V, Monici M, Morbidelli L, Gagliardi D, Stingl JC, Surdo L, Yip VLM. The Future of Personalized Medicine in Space: From Observations to Countermeasures. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2021; 9:739747. [PMID: 34966726 PMCID: PMC8710508 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2021.739747] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2021] [Accepted: 11/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of personalized medicine is to detach from a “one-size fits all approach” and improve patient health by individualization to achieve the best outcomes in disease prevention, diagnosis and treatment. Technological advances in sequencing, improved knowledge of omics, integration with bioinformatics and new in vitro testing formats, have enabled personalized medicine to become a reality. Individual variation in response to environmental factors can affect susceptibility to disease and response to treatments. Space travel exposes humans to environmental stressors that lead to physiological adaptations, from altered cell behavior to abnormal tissue responses, including immune system impairment. In the context of human space flight research, human health studies have shown a significant inter-individual variability in response to space analogue conditions. A substantial degree of variability has been noticed in response to medications (from both an efficacy and toxicity perspective) as well as in susceptibility to damage from radiation exposure and in physiological changes such as loss of bone mineral density and muscle mass in response to deconditioning. At present, personalized medicine for astronauts is limited. With the advent of longer duration missions beyond low Earth orbit, it is imperative that space agencies adopt a personalized strategy for each astronaut, starting from pre-emptive personalized pre-clinical approaches through to individualized countermeasures to minimize harmful physiological changes and find targeted treatment for disease. Advances in space medicine can also be translated to terrestrial applications, and vice versa. This review places the astronaut at the center of personalized medicine, will appraise existing evidence and future preclinical tools as well as clinical, ethical and legal considerations for future space travel.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sarah Baatout
- Radiobiology Unit, Belgian Nuclear Research Centre (SCK CEN), Mol, Belgium.,Department of Biotechnology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Alexander Choukér
- Laboratory of Translational Research "Stress and Immunity", Department of Anesthesiology, Hospital of the Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich, Germany
| | - Judith-Irina Buchheim
- Laboratory of Translational Research "Stress and Immunity", Department of Anesthesiology, Hospital of the Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich, Germany
| | - Bjorn Baselet
- Radiobiology Unit, Belgian Nuclear Research Centre (SCK CEN), Mol, Belgium
| | - Cinzia Dello Russo
- Department of Healthcare Surveillance and Bioethics, Section of Pharmacology, Università Cattolica Del Sacro Cuore, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Rome, Italy.,MRC Centre for Drug Safety Science and Wolfson Centre for Personalized Medicine, Institute of Systems, Molecular and Integrative Biology (ISMIB), University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | | | - Monica Monici
- ASA Campus Joint Laboratory, ASA Research Division, Department of Experimental and Clinical Biomedical Sciences, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | | | - Dimitri Gagliardi
- Manchester Institute of Innovation Research, Alliance Manchester Business School, The University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Julia Caroline Stingl
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, University Hospital of the RWTH Aachen, Aachen, Germany
| | - Leonardo Surdo
- Space Applications Services NV/SA for the European Space Agency, Noordwijk, Netherlands
| | - Vincent Lai Ming Yip
- MRC Centre for Drug Safety Science and Wolfson Centre for Personalized Medicine, Institute of Systems, Molecular and Integrative Biology (ISMIB), University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
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Lynch MJ, Gobbo OL. Advances in Non-Animal Testing Approaches towards Accelerated Clinical Translation of Novel Nanotheranostic Therapeutics for Central Nervous System Disorders. Nanomaterials (Basel) 2021; 11:2632. [PMID: 34685073 PMCID: PMC8538557 DOI: 10.3390/nano11102632] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2021] [Revised: 09/21/2021] [Accepted: 10/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Nanotheranostics constitute a novel drug delivery system approach to improving systemic, brain-targeted delivery of diagnostic imaging agents and pharmacological moieties in one rational carrier platform. While there have been notable successes in this field, currently, the clinical translation of such delivery systems for the treatment of neurological disorders has been limited by the inadequacy of correlating in vitro and in vivo data on blood-brain barrier (BBB) permeation and biocompatibility of nanomaterials. This review aims to identify the most contemporary non-invasive approaches for BBB crossing using nanotheranostics as a novel drug delivery strategy and current non-animal-based models for assessing the safety and efficiency of such formulations. This review will also address current and future directions of select in vitro models for reducing the cumbersome and laborious mandate for testing exclusively in animals. It is hoped these non-animal-based modelling approaches will facilitate researchers in optimising promising multifunctional nanocarriers with a view to accelerating clinical testing and authorisation applications. By rational design and appropriate selection of characterised and validated models, ranging from monolayer cell cultures to organ-on-chip microfluidics, promising nanotheranostic particles with modular and rational design can be screened in high-throughput models with robust predictive power. Thus, this article serves to highlight abbreviated research and development possibilities with clinical translational relevance for developing novel nanomaterial-based neuropharmaceuticals for therapy in CNS disorders. By generating predictive data for prospective nanomedicines using validated in vitro models for supporting clinical applications in lieu of requiring extensive use of in vivo animal models that have notable limitations, it is hoped that there will be a burgeoning in the nanotherapy of CNS disorders by virtue of accelerated lead identification through screening, optimisation through rational design for brain-targeted delivery across the BBB and clinical testing and approval using fewer animals. Additionally, by using models with tissue of human origin, reproducible therapeutically relevant nanomedicine delivery and individualised therapy can be realised.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark J. Lynch
- School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Panoz Building, Trinity College Dublin, D02 PN40 Dublin, Ireland
| | - Oliviero L. Gobbo
- School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Panoz Building, Trinity College Dublin, D02 PN40 Dublin, Ireland
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Hopkins T, Wright KT, Kuiper NJ, Roberts S, Jermin P, Gallacher P, Kuiper JH. An In Vitro System to Study the Effect of Subchondral Bone Health on Articular Cartilage Repair in Humans. Cells 2021; 10:cells10081903. [PMID: 34440671 PMCID: PMC8392168 DOI: 10.3390/cells10081903] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2021] [Revised: 07/20/2021] [Accepted: 07/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Chondrocyte-based cartilage repair strategies, such as articular chondrocyte implantation, are widely used, but few studies addressed the communication between native subchondral bone cells and the transplanted chondrocytes. An indirect co-culture model was developed, representing a chondrocyte/scaffold-construct repair of a cartilage defect adjoining bone, where the bone could have varying degrees of degeneration. Human BM-MSCs were isolated from two areas of subchondral bone in each of five osteochondral tissue specimens from five patients undergoing knee arthroplasty. These two areas underlaid the macroscopically and histologically best and worst cartilage, representing early and late-stage OA, respectively. BM-MSCs were co-cultured with normal chondrocytes suspended in agarose, with the two cell types separated by a porous membrane. After 0, 7, 14 and 21 days, chondrocyte-agarose scaffolds were assessed by gene expression and biochemical analyses, and the abundance of selected proteins in conditioned media was assessed by ELISA. Co-culture with late-OA BM-MSCs resulted in a reduction in GAG deposition and a decreased expression of genes encoding matrix-specific proteins (COL2A1 and ACAN), compared to culturing with early OA BM-MSCs. The concentration of TGF-β1 was significantly higher in the early OA conditioned media. The results of this study have clinical implications for cartilage repair, suggesting that the health of the subchondral bone may influence the outcomes of chondrocyte-based repair strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Timothy Hopkins
- School of Pharmacy and Bioengineering, Keele University, Staffordshire ST5 5BG, UK; (K.T.W.); (N.J.K.); (S.R.); (P.J.); (P.G.); (J.H.K.)
- Robert Jones and Agnes Hunt Orthopaedic Hospital, Shropshire SY10 7AG, UK
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +44-(0)-1691-404699
| | - Karina T. Wright
- School of Pharmacy and Bioengineering, Keele University, Staffordshire ST5 5BG, UK; (K.T.W.); (N.J.K.); (S.R.); (P.J.); (P.G.); (J.H.K.)
- Robert Jones and Agnes Hunt Orthopaedic Hospital, Shropshire SY10 7AG, UK
| | - Nicola J. Kuiper
- School of Pharmacy and Bioengineering, Keele University, Staffordshire ST5 5BG, UK; (K.T.W.); (N.J.K.); (S.R.); (P.J.); (P.G.); (J.H.K.)
- Robert Jones and Agnes Hunt Orthopaedic Hospital, Shropshire SY10 7AG, UK
| | - Sally Roberts
- School of Pharmacy and Bioengineering, Keele University, Staffordshire ST5 5BG, UK; (K.T.W.); (N.J.K.); (S.R.); (P.J.); (P.G.); (J.H.K.)
- Robert Jones and Agnes Hunt Orthopaedic Hospital, Shropshire SY10 7AG, UK
| | - Paul Jermin
- School of Pharmacy and Bioengineering, Keele University, Staffordshire ST5 5BG, UK; (K.T.W.); (N.J.K.); (S.R.); (P.J.); (P.G.); (J.H.K.)
- Robert Jones and Agnes Hunt Orthopaedic Hospital, Shropshire SY10 7AG, UK
| | - Peter Gallacher
- School of Pharmacy and Bioengineering, Keele University, Staffordshire ST5 5BG, UK; (K.T.W.); (N.J.K.); (S.R.); (P.J.); (P.G.); (J.H.K.)
| | - Jan Herman Kuiper
- School of Pharmacy and Bioengineering, Keele University, Staffordshire ST5 5BG, UK; (K.T.W.); (N.J.K.); (S.R.); (P.J.); (P.G.); (J.H.K.)
- Robert Jones and Agnes Hunt Orthopaedic Hospital, Shropshire SY10 7AG, UK
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García-Salvador A, Domínguez-Monedero A, Gómez-Fernández P, García-Bilbao A, Carregal-Romero S, Castilla J, Goñi-de-Cerio F. Evaluation of the Influence of Astrocytes on In Vitro Blood-Brain Barrier Models. Altern Lab Anim 2020; 48:184-200. [PMID: 33136430 DOI: 10.1177/0261192920966954] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
In vitro blood-brain barrier (BBB) models are a useful tool to screen the permeability and toxicity of new drugs. Currently, many different in vitro BBB models coexist, but none stands out as being notably better than the rest. Therefore, there is still a need to evaluate the quality of BBB models under various conditions and assess their ability to mimic the in vivo situation. In this study, two brain endothelial cell lines (bEnd.3 and hCMEC/D3) and two epithelial-like cell lines (MDCKII and Caco-2) were selected for BBB modelling purposes. They were grown as monolayers of a single cell type, under the following conditions: in coculture with either primary or immortalised astrocytes; or in the presence of primary or immortalised astrocyte-derived conditioned media. A total of 20 different BBB models were established in this manner, in order to assess the effects of the astroglial components on the BBB phenotype in each case. To this end, six parameters were studied: the expression of selected tight junction proteins; the enzyme activities of alkaline phosphatase and of gamma glutamyl transpeptidase; the transendothelial/transepithelial electrical resistance (TEER); restriction in paracellular transport; and efflux transporter inhibition were each evaluated and correlated. The results showed that coculturing with either primary or immortalised astrocytes led to a general improvement in all parameters studied, evidencing the contribution of this cell type to effective BBB formation. Furthermore, the permeability coefficient (P e) of the tracer molecule, Lucifer Yellow, correlated with three of the six parameters studied. In addition, this study highlights the potential for the use of the Lucifer Yellow P e value as an indicator of barrier integrity in in vitro BBB models, which could be useful for screening the permeability of new drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adrián García-Salvador
- 73049GAIKER Technology Centre, Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), Zamudio, Bizkaia, Spain
| | - Alazne Domínguez-Monedero
- 73049GAIKER Technology Centre, Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), Zamudio, Bizkaia, Spain
| | - Paloma Gómez-Fernández
- 73049GAIKER Technology Centre, Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), Zamudio, Bizkaia, Spain
| | - Amaia García-Bilbao
- 73049GAIKER Technology Centre, Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), Zamudio, Bizkaia, Spain
| | - Susana Carregal-Romero
- Molecular and Functional Biomarkers Group, 90216CIC biomaGUNE (BRTA), Donostia-San Sebastián, Spain
- CIBER de Enfermedades Respiratorias (CIBERES), Madrid, Spain
| | - Joaquín Castilla
- 73038CIC bioGUNE (BRTA), Derio, Spain
- IKERBASQUE, Basque Foundation for Science, Bilbao, Spain
| | - Felipe Goñi-de-Cerio
- 73049GAIKER Technology Centre, Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), Zamudio, Bizkaia, Spain
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Abbott IJ, van Gorp E, van der Meijden A, Wijma RA, Meletiadis J, Roberts JA, Mouton JW, Peleg AY. Oral Fosfomycin Treatment for Enterococcal Urinary Tract Infections in a Dynamic In Vitro Model. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2020; 64:e00342-20. [PMID: 32253214 DOI: 10.1128/AAC.00342-20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2020] [Accepted: 03/26/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
There are limited treatment options for enterococcal urinary tract infections, especially vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus (VRE). Oral fosfomycin is a potential option, although limited data are available guiding dosing and susceptibility. We undertook pharmacodynamic profiling of fosfomycin against E. faecalis and E. faecium isolates using a dynamic in vitro bladder infection model. Eighty-four isolates underwent fosfomycin agar dilution susceptibility testing (E. faecalis MIC50/90 32/64 μg/ml; E. faecium MIC50/90 64/128 μg/ml). Sixteen isolates (including E. faecalis ATCC 29212 and E. faecium ATCC 35667) were chosen to reflect the MIC range and tested in the bladder infection model with synthetic human urine (SHU). Under drug-free conditions, E. faecium demonstrated greater growth restriction in SHU compared to E. faecalis (E. faecium maximal growth 5.8 ± 0.6 log10 CFU/ml; E. faecalis 8.0 ± 1.0 log10 CFU/ml). Isolates were exposed to high and low fosfomycin urinary concentrations after a single dose, and after two doses given over two days with low urinary concentration exposure. Simulated concentrations closely matched the target (bias 2.3%). E. faecalis isolates required greater fosfomycin exposure for 3 log10 kill from the starting inoculum compared with E. faecium The ƒAUC0-72/MIC and ƒ%T > MIC0-72 for E. faecalis were 672 and 70%, compared to 216 and 51% for E. faecium, respectively. There was no rise in fosfomycin MIC postexposure. Two doses of fosfomycin with low urinary concentrations resulted in equivalent growth inhibition to a single dose with high urinary concentrations. With this urinary exposure, fosfomycin was effective in promoting suppression of regrowth (>3 log10 kill) in the majority of isolates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catherine K. Yeung
- Department of Pharmacy and
- Kidney Research Institute, School of Medicine, Division of Nephrology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington
| | - Jonathan Himmelfarb
- Kidney Research Institute, School of Medicine, Division of Nephrology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington
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Geens M, Chuva De Sousa Lopes SM. X chromosome inactivation in human pluripotent stem cells as a model for human development: back to the drawing board? Hum Reprod Update 2018; 23:520-532. [PMID: 28582519 DOI: 10.1093/humupd/dmx015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2017] [Accepted: 05/17/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Human pluripotent stem cells (hPSC), both embryonic and induced (hESC and hiPSC), are regarded as a valuable in vitro model for early human development. In order to fulfil this promise, it is important that these cells mimic as closely as possible the in vivo molecular events, both at the genetic and epigenetic level. One of the most important epigenetic events during early human development is X chromosome inactivation (XCI), the transcriptional silencing of one of the two X chromosomes in female cells. XCI is important for proper development and aberrant XCI has been linked to several pathologies. Recently, novel data obtained using high throughput single-cell technology during human preimplantation development have suggested that the XCI mechanism is substantially different from XCI in mouse. It has also been suggested that hPSC show higher complexity in XCI than the mouse. Here we compare the available recent data to understand whether XCI during human preimplantation can be properly recapitulated using hPSC. OBJECTIVE AND RATIONALE We will summarize what is known on the timing and mechanisms of XCI during human preimplantation development. We will compare this to the XCI patterns that are observed during hPSC derivation, culture and differentiation, and comment on the cause of the aberrant XCI patterns observed in hPSC. Finally, we will discuss the implications of the aberrant XCI patterns on the applicability of hPSC as an in vitro model for human development and as cell source for regenerative medicine. SEARCH METHODS Combinations of the following keywords were applied as search criteria in the PubMed database: X chromosome inactivation, preimplantation development, embryonic stem cells, induced pluripotent stem cells, primordial germ cells, differentiation. OUTCOMES Recent single-cell RNASeq data have shed new light on the XCI process during human preimplantation development. These indicate a gradual inactivation on both XX chromosomes, starting from Day 4 of development and followed by a random choice to inactivate one of them, instead of the mechanism in mice where imprinted XCI is followed by random XCI. We have put these new findings in perspective using previous data obtained in human (and mouse) embryos. In addition, there is an ongoing discussion whether or not hPSC lines show X chromosome reactivation upon derivation, mimicking the earliest embryonic cells, and the XCI states observed during culture of hPSC are highly variable. Recent studies have shown that hPSC rapidly progress to highly aberrant XCI patterns and that this process is probably driven by suboptimal culture conditions. Importantly, these aberrant XCI states seem to be inherited by the differentiated hPSC-progeny. WIDER IMPLICATIONS The aberrant XCI states (and epigenetic instability) observed in hPSC throw a shadow on their applicability as an in vitro model for development and disease modelling. Moreover, as the aberrant XCI states observed in hPSC seem to shift to a more malignant phenotype, this may also have important consequences for the safety aspect of using hPSC in the clinic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mieke Geens
- Research Group Reproduction and Genetics, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Laarbeeklaan 103, 1090 Jette, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Susana M Chuva De Sousa Lopes
- Department of Anatomy and Embryology, Leiden University Medical Center, Albinusdreef 2, 2333 ZA Leiden, The Netherlands.,Department of Reproductive Medicine, Ghent-Fertility and Stem Cell Team (G-FaST), Ghent University Hospital, De Pintelaan 185, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
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Prince OA, Krunkosky TM, Sheppard ES, Krause DC. Modelling persistent Mycoplasma pneumoniae infection of human airway epithelium. Cell Microbiol 2017; 20. [PMID: 29155483 DOI: 10.1111/cmi.12810] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2017] [Revised: 11/09/2017] [Accepted: 11/14/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Mycoplasma pneumoniae is a human respiratory tract pathogen causing acute and chronic airway disease states that can include long-term carriage and extrapulmonary spread. The mechanisms of persistence and migration beyond the conducting airways, however, remain poorly understood. We previously described an acute exposure model using normal human bronchial epithelium (NHBE) in air-liquid interface culture, showing that M. pneumoniae gliding motility is essential for initial colonisation and subsequent spread, including localisation to epithelial cell junctions. We extended those observations here, characterizing M. pneumoniae infection of NHBE for up to 4 weeks. Colonisation of the apical surface was followed by pericellular invasion of the basolateral compartment and migration across the underlying transwell membrane. Despite fluctuations in transepithelial electrical resistance and increased NHBE cell desquamation, barrier function remained largely intact. Desquamation was accompanied by epithelial remodelling that included cytoskeletal reorganisation and development of deep furrows in the epithelium. Finally, M. pneumoniae strains S1 and M129 differed with respect to invasion and histopathology, consistent with contrasting virulence in experimentally infected mice. In summary, this study reports pericellular invasion, NHBE cytoskeletal reorganisation, and tissue remodelling with persistent infection in a human airway epithelium model, providing clear insight into the likely route for extrapulmonary spread.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oliver A Prince
- Department of Microbiology, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
| | - Thomas M Krunkosky
- Department of Veterinary Biosciences and Diagnostic Imaging, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
| | | | - Duncan C Krause
- Department of Microbiology, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
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Morén C, González-Casacuberta I, Álvarez-Fernández C, Bañó M, Catalán-Garcia M, Guitart-Mampel M, Juárez-Flores DL, Tobías E, Milisenda J, Cardellach F, Gatell JM, Sánchez-Palomino S, Garrabou G. HIV-1 promonocytic and lymphoid cell lines: an in vitro model of in vivo mitochondrial and apoptotic lesion. J Cell Mol Med 2016; 21:402-409. [PMID: 27758070 PMCID: PMC5264141 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.12985] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2016] [Accepted: 07/21/2016] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
To characterize mitochondrial/apoptotic parameters in chronically human immunodeficiency virus (HIV-1)-infected promonocytic and lymphoid cells which could be further used as therapeutic targets to test pro-mitochondrial or anti-apoptotic strategies as in vitro cell platforms to deal with HIV-infection. Mitochondrial/apoptotic parameters of U1 promonocytic and ACH2 lymphoid cell lines were compared to those of their uninfected U937 and CEM counterparts. Mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) was quantified by rt-PCR while mitochondrial complex IV (CIV) function was measured by spectrophotometry. Mitochondrial-nuclear encoded subunits II-IV of cytochrome-c-oxidase (COXII-COXIV), respectively, as well as mitochondrial apoptotic events [voltage-dependent-anion-channel-1(VDAC-1)-content and caspase-9 levels] were quantified by western blot, with mitochondrial mass being assessed by spectrophotometry (citrate synthase) and flow cytometry (mitotracker green assay). Mitochondrial membrane potential (JC1-assay) and advanced apoptotic/necrotic events (AnexinV/propidium iodide) were measured by flow cytometry. Significant mtDNA depletion spanning 57.67% (P < 0.01) was found in the U1 promonocytic cells further reflected by a significant 77.43% decrease of mitochondrial CIV activity (P < 0.01). These changes were not significant for the ACH2 lymphoid cell line. COXII and COXIV subunits as well as VDAC-1 and caspase-9 content were sharply decreased in both chronic HIV-1-infected promonocytic and lymphoid cell lines (<0.005 in most cases). In addition, U1 and ACH2 cells showed a trend (moderate in case of ACH2), albeit not significant, to lower levels of depolarized mitochondrial membranes. The present in vitro lymphoid and especially promonocytic HIV model show marked mitochondrial lesion but apoptotic resistance phenotype that has been only partially demonstrated in patients. This model may provide a platform for the characterization of HIV-chronicity, to test novel therapeutic options or to study HIV reservoirs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Constanza Morén
- Muscle Research and Mitochondrial Function Laboratory, Cellex-IDIBAPS, Faculty of Medicine-University of Barcelona, Internal Medicine Department-Hospital Clínic of Barcelona (HCB), Barcelona, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red (CIBER) de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), Madrid, Spain
| | - Ingrid González-Casacuberta
- Muscle Research and Mitochondrial Function Laboratory, Cellex-IDIBAPS, Faculty of Medicine-University of Barcelona, Internal Medicine Department-Hospital Clínic of Barcelona (HCB), Barcelona, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red (CIBER) de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), Madrid, Spain
| | - Carmen Álvarez-Fernández
- Cellex-IDIBAPS, Faculty of Medicine-University of Barcelona, Infectious Diseases Unit-Hospital Clínic of Barcelona (HCB), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Maria Bañó
- Muscle Research and Mitochondrial Function Laboratory, Cellex-IDIBAPS, Faculty of Medicine-University of Barcelona, Internal Medicine Department-Hospital Clínic of Barcelona (HCB), Barcelona, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red (CIBER) de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), Madrid, Spain
| | - Marc Catalán-Garcia
- Muscle Research and Mitochondrial Function Laboratory, Cellex-IDIBAPS, Faculty of Medicine-University of Barcelona, Internal Medicine Department-Hospital Clínic of Barcelona (HCB), Barcelona, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red (CIBER) de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), Madrid, Spain
| | - Mariona Guitart-Mampel
- Muscle Research and Mitochondrial Function Laboratory, Cellex-IDIBAPS, Faculty of Medicine-University of Barcelona, Internal Medicine Department-Hospital Clínic of Barcelona (HCB), Barcelona, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red (CIBER) de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), Madrid, Spain
| | - Diana Luz Juárez-Flores
- Muscle Research and Mitochondrial Function Laboratory, Cellex-IDIBAPS, Faculty of Medicine-University of Barcelona, Internal Medicine Department-Hospital Clínic of Barcelona (HCB), Barcelona, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red (CIBER) de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), Madrid, Spain
| | - Ester Tobías
- Muscle Research and Mitochondrial Function Laboratory, Cellex-IDIBAPS, Faculty of Medicine-University of Barcelona, Internal Medicine Department-Hospital Clínic of Barcelona (HCB), Barcelona, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red (CIBER) de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), Madrid, Spain
| | - José Milisenda
- Muscle Research and Mitochondrial Function Laboratory, Cellex-IDIBAPS, Faculty of Medicine-University of Barcelona, Internal Medicine Department-Hospital Clínic of Barcelona (HCB), Barcelona, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red (CIBER) de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), Madrid, Spain
| | - Francesc Cardellach
- Muscle Research and Mitochondrial Function Laboratory, Cellex-IDIBAPS, Faculty of Medicine-University of Barcelona, Internal Medicine Department-Hospital Clínic of Barcelona (HCB), Barcelona, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red (CIBER) de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), Madrid, Spain
| | - Josep Maria Gatell
- Cellex-IDIBAPS, Faculty of Medicine-University of Barcelona, Infectious Diseases Unit-Hospital Clínic of Barcelona (HCB), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Sonsoles Sánchez-Palomino
- Cellex-IDIBAPS, Faculty of Medicine-University of Barcelona, Infectious Diseases Unit-Hospital Clínic of Barcelona (HCB), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Glòria Garrabou
- Muscle Research and Mitochondrial Function Laboratory, Cellex-IDIBAPS, Faculty of Medicine-University of Barcelona, Internal Medicine Department-Hospital Clínic of Barcelona (HCB), Barcelona, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red (CIBER) de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), Madrid, Spain
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Housman ST, Hagihara M, Nicolau DP, Kuti JL. In vitro pharmacodynamics of human-simulated exposures of ampicillin/sulbactam, doripenem and tigecycline alone and in combination against multidrug-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii. J Antimicrob Chemother 2013; 68:2296-304. [PMID: 23710070 DOI: 10.1093/jac/dkt197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Multidrug resistance is common among Acinetobacter baumannii, limiting the available options used to treat infections caused by this organism. The objective of this study was to compare monotherapy and combination therapy with ampicillin/sulbactam, doripenem and tigecycline against multidrug-resistant A. baumannii using an in vitro pharmacodynamic model. METHODS Human free-drug concentration profiles of clinically relevant ampicillin/sulbactam, doripenem and tigecycline were simulated alone and in two-drug combinations against four clinical A. baumannii isolates (MICs: ampicillin/sulbactam, 4/2-64/32 mg/L; doripenem, 16 to ≥64 mg/L; and tigecycline, 1-4 mg/L) over 24 h. Microbiological response was measured as log10 cfu/mL and the area under the bactericidal curve (AUBC). RESULTS Control strains grew to 7.11 ± 0.13 log10 cfu/mL. Except for ampicillin/sulbactam-containing regimens against the single ampicillin/sulbactam-susceptible isolate, all A. baumannii demonstrated regrowth to 24 h control levels against all mono and combination regimens. Using AUBC as an endpoint, the most active regimens were 9 g of ampicillin/sulbactam every 8 h (3 h infusion) + 2 g of doripenem every 8 h (4 h infusion; 87.8 ± 21.0), 9 g of ampicillin/sulbactam every 8 h (3 h infusion) + 200 mg of tigecycline every 12 h (30 min infusion; 100.6 ± 33.0) and 9 g of ampicillin/sulbactam every 8 h (3 h infusion) monotherapy (116.7 ± 31.6), followed by 3 g of ampicillin/sulbactam every 6 h (30 min infusion) + 200 mg of tigecycline every 12 h (30 min infusion; 134.0 ± 31.5) and 2 g of doripenem every 8 h (4 h infusion) + 200 mg of tigecycline every 12 h (30 min infusion; 142.7 ± 16.9). CONCLUSIONS Although specific combination regimens displayed additive activity at aggressive doses against these multidrug-resistant A. baumannii, none of the regimens could maintain cfu reductions against the more resistant isolates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seth T Housman
- Center for Anti-Infective Research and Development, Hartford Hospital, Hartford, CT, USA
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