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Rodrigues R, Sousa C, Vale N. Deciphering the Puzzle: Literature Insights on Chlamydia trachomatis-Mediated Tumorigenesis, Paving the Way for Future Research. Microorganisms 2024; 12:1126. [PMID: 38930508 PMCID: PMC11205399 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms12061126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2024] [Revised: 05/28/2024] [Accepted: 05/29/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Some infectious agents have the potential to cause specific modifications in the cellular microenvironment that could be propitious to the carcinogenesis process. Currently, there are specific viruses and bacteria, such as human papillomavirus (HPV) and Helicobacter pylori, that are well established as risk factors for neoplasia. Chlamydia trachomatis (CT) infections are one of the most common bacterial sexually transmitted infections worldwide, and recent European data confirmed a continuous rise across Europe. The infection is often asymptomatic in both sexes, requiring a screening program for early detection. Notwithstanding, not all countries in Europe have it. Chlamydia trachomatis can cause chronic and persistent infections, resulting in inflammation, and there are plausible biological mechanisms that link the genital infection with tumorigenesis. Herein, we aimed to understand the epidemiological and biological plausibility of CT genital infections causing endometrial, ovarian, and cervical tumors. Also, we covered some of the best suitable in vitro techniques that could be used to study this potential association. In addition, we defend the point of view of a personalized medicine strategy to treat those patients through the discovery of some biomarkers that could allow it. This review supports the need for the development of further fundamental studies in this area, in order to investigate and establish the role of chlamydial genital infections in oncogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rafaela Rodrigues
- PerMed Research Group, Center for Health Technology and Services Research (CINTESIS), Rua Doutor Plácido da Costa, 4200-450 Porto, Portugal; (R.R.); (C.S.)
- CINTESIS@RISE, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Alameda Professor Hernâni Monteiro, 4200-319 Porto, Portugal
- Molecular Diagnostics Laboratory, Unilabs Portugal, Centro Empresarial Lionesa Porto, Rua Lionesa, 4465-671 Leça do Balio, Portugal
| | - Carlos Sousa
- PerMed Research Group, Center for Health Technology and Services Research (CINTESIS), Rua Doutor Plácido da Costa, 4200-450 Porto, Portugal; (R.R.); (C.S.)
- Molecular Diagnostics Laboratory, Unilabs Portugal, Centro Empresarial Lionesa Porto, Rua Lionesa, 4465-671 Leça do Balio, Portugal
| | - Nuno Vale
- PerMed Research Group, Center for Health Technology and Services Research (CINTESIS), Rua Doutor Plácido da Costa, 4200-450 Porto, Portugal; (R.R.); (C.S.)
- CINTESIS@RISE, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Alameda Professor Hernâni Monteiro, 4200-319 Porto, Portugal
- Department of Community Medicine, Health Information and Decision (MEDCIDS), Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Rua Doutor Plácido da Costa, 4200-450 Porto, Portugal
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Lawrence LA, Vidal P, Varughese RS, Tiger Li ZR, Chen TD, Tuske SC, Jimenez AR, Lowen AC, Shafer WM, Swaims-Kohlmeier A. Murine modeling of menstruation identifies immune correlates of protection during Chlamydia muridarum challenge. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.05.21.595090. [PMID: 38826233 PMCID: PMC11142139 DOI: 10.1101/2024.05.21.595090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2024]
Abstract
The menstrual cycle influences the risk of acquiring sexually transmitted infections (STIs), including Chlamydia trachomatis (C. trachomatis), although the underlying immune contributions are poorly defined. A mouse model simulating the immune-mediated process of menstruation could provide valuable insights into tissue-specific determinants of protection against chlamydial infection within the cervicovaginal and uterine mucosae comprising the female reproductive tract (FRT). Here, we used the pseudopregnancy approach in naïve C57Bl/6 mice and performed vaginal challenge with Chlamydia muridarum (C. muridarum) at decidualization, endometrial tissue remodeling, or uterine repair. This strategy identified that the time frame comprising uterine repair correlated with robust infection and greater bacterial burden as compared with mice on hormonal contraception, while challenges during endometrial remodeling were least likely to result in a productive infection. By comparing the infection site at early time points following chlamydial challenge, we found that a greater abundance of innate effector populations and proinflammatory signaling, including IFNγ correlated with protection. FRT immune profiling in uninfected mice over pseudopregnancy or in pig-tailed macaques over the menstrual cycle identified NK cell infiltration into the cervicovaginal tissues and lumen over the course of endometrial remodeling. Notably, NK cell depletion over this time frame reversed protection, with mice now productively infected with C. muridarum following challenge. This study shows that the pseudopregnancy murine menstruation model recapitulates immune changes in the FRT as a result of endometrial remodeling and identifies NK cell localization at the FRT as essential for immune protection against primary C. muridarum infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laurel A Lawrence
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Paola Vidal
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Richa S Varughese
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Zheng-Rong Tiger Li
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Thien Duy Chen
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Steven C Tuske
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Ariana R Jimenez
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Anice C Lowen
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - William M Shafer
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia
- Laboratories of Bacterial Pathogenesis, Atlanta Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Decatur, Georgia
| | - Alison Swaims-Kohlmeier
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia
- Department of GYNOB, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia
- Division of HIV Prevention Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia (previous affiliation)
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3
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Yilma AN, Sahu R, Subbarayan P, Villinger F, Coats MT, Singh SR, Dennis VA. PLGA-Chitosan Encapsulated IL-10 Nanoparticles Modulate Chlamydia Inflammation in Mice. Int J Nanomedicine 2024; 19:1287-1301. [PMID: 38348174 PMCID: PMC10860865 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s432970] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2023] [Accepted: 12/12/2023] [Indexed: 02/15/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction Interleukin-10 (IL-10) is a key anti-inflammatory mediator in protecting host from over-exuberant responses to pathogens and play important roles in wound healing, autoimmunity, cancer, and homeostasis. However, its application as a therapeutic agent for biomedical applications has been limited due to its short biological half-life. Therefore, it is important to prolong the half-life of IL-10 to replace the current therapeutic application, which relies on administering large and repeated dosages. Therefore, not a cost-effective approach. Thus, studies that aim to address this type of challenges are always in need. Methods Recombinant IL-10 was encapsulated in biodegradable nanoparticles (Poly-(Lactic-co-Glycolic Acid) and Chitosan)) by the double emulsion method and then characterized for size, surface charge, thermal stability, cytotoxicity, in vitro release, UV-visible spectroscopy, and Fourier Transform-Infrared Spectroscopy as well as evaluated for its anti-inflammatory effects. Bioactivity of encapsulated IL-10 was evaluated in vitro using J774A.1 macrophage cell-line and in vivo using BALB/c mice. Inflammatory cytokines (IL-6 and TNF-α) were quantified from culture supernatants using specific enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), and significance was analyzed using ANOVA. Results We obtained a high 96% encapsulation efficiency with smooth encapsulated IL-10 nanoparticles of ~100-150 nm size and release from nanoparticles as measurable to 22 days. Our result demonstrated that encapsulated IL-10 was biocompatible and functional by reducing the inflammatory responses induced by LPS in macrophages. Of significance, we also proved the functionality of encapsulated IL-10 by its capacity to reduce inflammation in BALB/c mice as provoked by Chlamydia trachomatis, an inflammatory sexually transmitted infectious bacterium. Discussion Collectively, our results show the successful IL-10 encapsulation, slow release to prolong its biological half-life and reduce inflammatory cytokines IL-6 and TNF production in vitro and in mice. Our results serve as proof of concept to further explore the therapeutic prospective of encapsulated IL-10 for biomedical applications, including inflammatory diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abebayehu N Yilma
- Center for NanoBiotechnology Research (CNBR), Alabama State University, Montgomery, AL, USA
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, USA
| | - Rajnish Sahu
- Center for NanoBiotechnology Research (CNBR), Alabama State University, Montgomery, AL, USA
| | - Praseetha Subbarayan
- Center for NanoBiotechnology Research (CNBR), Alabama State University, Montgomery, AL, USA
| | - Francois Villinger
- Department of Biology, University of Louisiana at Lafayette, New Iberia, LA, USA
| | - Mamie T Coats
- Department of Clinical and Diagnostics Sciences, School of Health Professionals, The University at Alabama at Birmingham (UAB), Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Shree R Singh
- Center for NanoBiotechnology Research (CNBR), Alabama State University, Montgomery, AL, USA
| | - Vida A Dennis
- Center for NanoBiotechnology Research (CNBR), Alabama State University, Montgomery, AL, USA
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Koroleva EA, Goryainova OS, Ivanova TI, Rutovskaya MV, Zigangirova NA, Tillib SV. Anti-Idiotypic Nanobodies Mimicking an Epitope of the Needle Protein of the Chlamydial Type III Secretion System for Targeted Immune Stimulation. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:2047. [PMID: 38396724 PMCID: PMC10889375 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25042047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2023] [Revised: 01/19/2024] [Accepted: 02/01/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
The development of new approaches and drugs for effective control of the chronic and complicated forms of urogenital chlamydia caused by Chlamydia trachomatis, which is suspected to be one of the main causes of infertility in both women and men, is an urgent task. We used the technology of single-domain antibody (nanobody) generation both for the production of targeting anti-chlamydia molecules and for the subsequent acquisition of anti-idiotypic nanobodies (ai-Nbs) mimicking the structure of a given epitope of the pathogen (the epitope of the Chlamydial Type III Secretion System Needle Protein). In a mouse model, we have shown that the obtained ai-Nbs are able to induce a narrowly specific humoral immune response in the host, leading to the generation of intrinsic anti-Chlamydia antibodies, potentially therapeutic, specifically recognizing a given antigenic epitope of Chlamydia. The immune sera derived from mice immunized with ai-Nbs are able to suppress chlamydial infection in vitro. We hypothesize that the proposed method of the creation and use of ai-Nbs, which mimic and present to the host immune system exactly the desired region of the antigen, create a fundamentally new universal approach to generating molecular structures as a part of specific vaccine for the targeted induction of immune response, especially useful in cases where it is difficult to prepare an antigen preserving the desired epitope in its native conformation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ekaterina A. Koroleva
- Institute of Gene Biology of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Vavilova Str. 34/5, 119334 Moscow, Russia; (E.A.K.)
- National Research Center for Epidemiology and Microbiology Named after the Honorary Academician N. F. Gamaleya, 123098 Moscow, Russia
| | - Oksana S. Goryainova
- Institute of Gene Biology of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Vavilova Str. 34/5, 119334 Moscow, Russia; (E.A.K.)
- Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology of Russian Academy of Sciences, Vavilova Str. 32, 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | - Tatiana I. Ivanova
- Institute of Gene Biology of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Vavilova Str. 34/5, 119334 Moscow, Russia; (E.A.K.)
| | - Marina V. Rutovskaya
- Institute of Gene Biology of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Vavilova Str. 34/5, 119334 Moscow, Russia; (E.A.K.)
| | - Naylia A. Zigangirova
- National Research Center for Epidemiology and Microbiology Named after the Honorary Academician N. F. Gamaleya, 123098 Moscow, Russia
| | - Sergei V. Tillib
- Institute of Gene Biology of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Vavilova Str. 34/5, 119334 Moscow, Russia; (E.A.K.)
- Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology of Russian Academy of Sciences, Vavilova Str. 32, 119991 Moscow, Russia
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Ray A, Pradhan D, Siraj F, Arora R, Rastogi S. MicroRNA mediated regulation of oxidative stress and cytokines in Chlamydia trachomatis-infected recurrent spontaneous abortion: A case-control study. Am J Reprod Immunol 2024; 91:e13821. [PMID: 38374806 DOI: 10.1111/aji.13821] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2023] [Revised: 01/29/2024] [Accepted: 01/29/2024] [Indexed: 02/21/2024] Open
Abstract
PROBLEM Increased oxidative stress (OS) and inflammatory responses are major underlying factors behind Chlamydia trachomatis-associated recurrent spontaneous abortion (RSA). miRNAs are known to regulate inflammation and OS and their dysregulation has been associated with compromised pregnancies. Therefore, aim of this study was to investigate the expression/correlation of OS biomarkers, cytokines and miRNAs in C. trachomatis-associated RSA. METHOD OF STUDY Urine and non-heparinized blood samples were collected from RSA patients with history of >3 consecutive abortions (cases) and non-pregnant women with history of >2 successful deliveries (controls) attending Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Safdarjung hospital, New Delhi. C. trachomatis detection was done in urine by PCR. miRNA expression was studied by microarray analysis and validated by real time-PCR. Evaluation of cytokines and antioxidant genes expression were done by real-time PCR. Level of OS biomarkers 8-hydroxy guanosine (8-OHdG) and 8-isporostane (8-IP) were measured by ELISA. RESULTS Fifty circulating miRNAs were differentially expressed in infected patients compared with controls. Of these, four were overexpressed and 46 downregulated. Thirteen differentially expressed circulating miRNAs were selected to validate microarray results. miRs-8069, -3663-3p showed maximum upregulation/downregulation in infected versus control group. Expression of cytokines (IL-8, TNF-α, IFN-γ), antioxidant genes SOD2 and OS biomarkers (8-OHdG,8-IP) were increased while SOD1 was decreased in infected patients. miR-8069 showed significant positive correlation with cytokines, SOD2, 8-OHdG and 8-IP. miR-3663-3p showed significant positive correlation with SOD1. CONCLUSIONS Overall results indicate circulating miRNAs are involved in pathogenesis of C. trachomatis-associated RSA and are potential modulators of cytokine signalling and OS in infected RSA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ankita Ray
- Molecular Microbiology laboratory, ICMR-National Institute of Pathology, Sriramachari Bhawan, Safdarjung hospital campus, New Delhi, India
| | - Dibyabhaba Pradhan
- ICMR-AIIMS Computational Genomics Centre, Convergence Block, AIIMS, New Delhi, India
| | - Fouzia Siraj
- Pathology Laboratory, ICMR-National Institute of Pathology, Sriramachari Bhawan, Safdarjung Hospital Campus, New Delhi, India
| | - Renu Arora
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Vardhman Mahavir Medical College (VMMC) and Safdarjung Hospital, New Delhi, India
| | - Sangita Rastogi
- Molecular Microbiology laboratory, ICMR-National Institute of Pathology, Sriramachari Bhawan, Safdarjung hospital campus, New Delhi, India
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Abdo NM, Aslam I, Irfan S, George JA, Alsuwaidi AR, Ahmed LA, Al-Rifai RH. Seroepidemiology of Treponema pallidum, Mycoplasma hominis, and Ureaplasma urealyticum in fertility treatment-seeking patients in the Emirate of Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates. J Infect Public Health 2024; 17:163-171. [PMID: 38039859 DOI: 10.1016/j.jiph.2023.11.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2023] [Revised: 10/28/2023] [Accepted: 11/16/2023] [Indexed: 12/03/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Several genital pathogens affect fertility. The study estimated the seroprevalence of Treponema pallidum, Ureaplasma urealyticum, and Mycoplasma hominis and identify specific factors associated with exposure to at least one of these pathogens in patients seeking fertility treatment in the Emirate of Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates. METHODS A seroepidemiological survey was conducted in a major fertility clinic in the Emirate of Abu Dhabi. Serum samples were screened for eight immunoglobulins (IgG, IgM, and IgA) against T. pallidum, U. urealyticum, and M. hominis using enzyme-linked immunoassays. Factors associated with seropositivity to at least one of the pathogens were investigated. RESULTS The study surveyed 308 patients seeking fertility treatment (mean age: 36.1 ± 6.8 years). Most patients were female (88.0%), 24.9% had at least one chronic comorbidity, 19.3% had a previous genital infection, and 68.1% had been diagnosed with infertility for ≥ 6 months. Ig seroprevalence of T. pallidum (IgG: 3.0%, IgM: 3.2%), U. urealyticum (IgG: 2.6%, IgM: 2.0%), and M. hominis (IgG: 33.9%) was 6.4%, 4.6%, and 49.0%, respectively. Nearly one quarter (23.0%) and one decile (9.2%) of the patients exhibited evidence of ongoing infection (IgM seropositivity) or recent infection (IgA seropositivity) with M. hominis, respectively. Overall, 53.0% of the patients were seropositive for at least one of the screened immunoglobulins. Patients with an education level of secondary schooling or below (66.2%) or those who were unemployed (61.1%) had a higher seroprevalence of IgG antibodies compared with patients with college or higher-level education (48.4%) or those who were employed (48.1%) (p < 0.05). CONCLUSION Exposure to T. pallidum or U. urealyticum was relatively low, whereas that to M. hominis was common in the surveyed patients. Enhanced awareness and screening programmes for genital pathogens are crucial to prevent and control the transmission of infections and reduce the growing burden of infertility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noor Motea Abdo
- Institute of Public Health, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates
| | - Irfan Aslam
- HealthPlus Fertility Center, HealthPlus Network of Specialty Centers, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
| | - Shazia Irfan
- HealthPlus Fertility Center, HealthPlus Network of Specialty Centers, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
| | - Junu A George
- Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates
| | - Ahmed R Alsuwaidi
- Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates
| | - Luai A Ahmed
- Institute of Public Health, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates; Zayed Center for Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates
| | - Rami H Al-Rifai
- Institute of Public Health, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates; Zayed Center for Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates.
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Quigley BL, Timms P, Nyari S, McKay P, Hanger J, Phillips S. Reduction of Chlamydia pecorum and Koala Retrovirus subtype B expression in wild koalas vaccinated with novel peptide and peptide/recombinant protein formulations. Vaccine X 2023; 14:100329. [PMID: 37577264 PMCID: PMC10422670 DOI: 10.1016/j.jvacx.2023.100329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2022] [Revised: 06/05/2023] [Accepted: 06/05/2023] [Indexed: 08/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Koalas are an endangered species under threat of extinction from several factors, including infections agents. Chlamydia pecorum infection results in morbidity and mortality from ocular and urogenital diseases while Koala Retrovirus (KoRV) infection has been linked to increased rates of cancer and chlamydiosis. Both C. pecorum and KoRV are endemic in many wild Australian koala populations, with limited treatment options available. Fortunately, vaccines for these pathogens are under development and have generated effective immune responses in multiple trials. The current study aimed to improve vaccine formulations by testing a novel peptide version of the Chlamydia vaccine and a combination Chlamydia - KoRV vaccine. Utilising a monitored wild population in Southeast Queensland, this trial followed koalas given either a 'Chlamydia only' vaccine (utilising four peptides from the chlamydial Major Outer Membrane Protein, MOMP), a combination 'Chlamydia and KoRV' vaccine (comprised of the chlamydial peptides plus a KoRV recombinant envelope protein (rEnv)) or no treatment. Clinical observations, C. pecorum and KoRV gene expression, serum IgG, and mucosal immune gene expression were assessed over a 17-month period. Overall, both vaccine formulations resulted in a decrease in chlamydiosis mortality, with decreases in C. pecorum, CD4, CD8β and IL-17A gene expression observed. In addition, the combination vaccine group also showed an increase in anti-KoRV IgG production that corresponded to a decrease in detected KoRV-B expression. While these results are favourable, the chlamydial peptide vaccine did not appear to outperform the established recombinant chlamydial vaccine and suggests that a combination vaccine formulated with recombinant MOMP plus KoRV rEnv could capitalize on the demonstrated benefits of both for the betterment of koalas into the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bonnie L Quigley
- The Centre for Bioinnovation, University of the Sunshine Coast, 90 Sippy Downs Drive, Sippy Downs, QLD, Australia
| | - Peter Timms
- The Centre for Bioinnovation, University of the Sunshine Coast, 90 Sippy Downs Drive, Sippy Downs, QLD, Australia
| | - Sharon Nyari
- The Centre for Bioinnovation, University of the Sunshine Coast, 90 Sippy Downs Drive, Sippy Downs, QLD, Australia
| | - Philippa McKay
- Endeavour Veterinary Ecology, 1695 Pumicestone Rd, Toorbul, QLD, Australia
| | - Jon Hanger
- Endeavour Veterinary Ecology, 1695 Pumicestone Rd, Toorbul, QLD, Australia
| | - Samuel Phillips
- The Centre for Bioinnovation, University of the Sunshine Coast, 90 Sippy Downs Drive, Sippy Downs, QLD, Australia
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Tim-3 blockade enhances the clearance of Chlamydia psittaci in the lung by promoting a cell-mediated immune response. Int Immunopharmacol 2023; 116:109780. [PMID: 36720194 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2023.109780] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2022] [Revised: 01/10/2023] [Accepted: 01/20/2023] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
Chlamydia psittaci is remarkable at disrupting immunity and thus poses a great risk to the animal industry and public health. Immune inhibitory molecule upregulation and the accumulation of specialized cells play key roles in chlamydial clearance. It is clear that the T-cell immunoglobulin and mucin domain protein 3 receptor (Tim-3) can regulate effector T cells in infectious disease. However, the immunomodulatory effect of Tim-3 in C. psittaci infection remains unknown. Thus, the expression of Tim-3 in effector T cells and its immune regulatory function during C. psittaci infection were investigated. The level of Tim-3 on CD4+ and CD8+ T cells was meaningfully higher in C. psittaci-infected mice. Blockade of Tim-3 signaling by anti-Tim-3 antibody showed accelerated C. psittaci clearance and less pathological changes in the lung than isotype immunoglobulin treatment. Furthermore, treatment with anti-Tim-3 antibody greatly enhanced the levels of IFN-γ and interleukin (IL)-22/IL-17, which were correlated with an improved Th1- and Th17-mediated immune response, and decreased IL-10, which were related with a decreased Treg immune response. In conclusion, Tim-3 expression in effector T cells negatively regulates Th1 and Th17 immune responses against C. psittaci respiratory infection.
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Xiao J, He J, He Z, Wang C, Li Y, Yan X, Chen Y, Sun Z, Liu J, Liang M, Wu Y. Chlamydia psittaci hypothetical inclusion membrane protein CPSIT_0842 evokes a pro-inflammatory response in monocytes via TLR2/TLR4 signaling pathways. Vet Microbiol 2023; 280:109693. [PMID: 36889151 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetmic.2023.109693] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2022] [Revised: 02/05/2023] [Accepted: 02/15/2023] [Indexed: 02/18/2023]
Abstract
Chlamydia psittaci (C. psittaci) is an obligate intracellular pathogen that resides within a membrane-bound compartment known as the inclusion. Upon entering the host cell, Chlamydiae secrete numerous proteins to modify the inclusion membrane. Inclusion membrane (Inc) proteins are important pathogenic factors in Chlamydia and play crucial roles in the growth and development of Chlamydia. In the present study, the C. psittaci protein, CPSIT_0842, was identified and shown to localize to the inclusion membrane. Temporal analysis revealed that CPSIT_0842 is an early expression protein of Chlamydia. Moreover, this protein was shown to induce the expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines IL-6 and IL-8 in human monocytes (THP-1 cells) via the TLR2/TLR4 signaling pathway. CPSIT_0842 increases the expression of TLR2, TLR4, and adaptor MyD88. Suppression of TLR2, TLR4, and MyD88 markedly attenuated CPSIT_0842-induced production of IL-6 and IL-8. MAP kinases and NF-κB, important downstream molecules of TLR receptors in inflammatory signaling pathways, were also confirmed to be activated by CPSIT_0842. CPSIT_0842-induced production of IL-6 was reliant on activation of the ERK, p38, and NF-κB signaling pathways while IL-8 expression was regulated by the ERK, JNK, and NF-κB signaling pathways. Specific inhibitors of these signaling pathways significantly decreased CPSIT_0842-mediated expression of IL-6 and IL-8. Together these findings demonstrate that CPSIT_0842 upregulates the expression of IL-6 and IL-8 via TLR-2/TLR4-mediated MAPK and NF-κB signaling pathways in THP-1 cells. Exploring these molecular mechanisms enhances our understanding of C. psittaci pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Xiao
- Institute of Pathogenic Biology, Hengyang Medical College, University of South China; Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory for Special Pathogens Prevention and Control, Hengyang, Hunan, 421001, China; The Affiliated Nanhua Hospital, Department of laboratory medicine, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, 421001, China; Hunan Province Cooperative Innovation Center for Molecular Target New Drug Study, Hengyang, Hunan, 421001, China
| | - Jun He
- The Affiliated Nanhua Hospital, Department of laboratory medicine, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, 421001, China
| | - Zhangping He
- Institute of Pathogenic Biology, Hengyang Medical College, University of South China; Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory for Special Pathogens Prevention and Control, Hengyang, Hunan, 421001, China; The Affiliated Nanhua Hospital, Department of laboratory medicine, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, 421001, China; Hunan Province Cooperative Innovation Center for Molecular Target New Drug Study, Hengyang, Hunan, 421001, China
| | - Chuan Wang
- Institute of Pathogenic Biology, Hengyang Medical College, University of South China; Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory for Special Pathogens Prevention and Control, Hengyang, Hunan, 421001, China; Hunan Province Cooperative Innovation Center for Molecular Target New Drug Study, Hengyang, Hunan, 421001, China
| | - Yumeng Li
- Institute of Pathogenic Biology, Hengyang Medical College, University of South China; Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory for Special Pathogens Prevention and Control, Hengyang, Hunan, 421001, China; Hunan Province Cooperative Innovation Center for Molecular Target New Drug Study, Hengyang, Hunan, 421001, China
| | - Xiaoliang Yan
- Institute of Pathogenic Biology, Hengyang Medical College, University of South China; Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory for Special Pathogens Prevention and Control, Hengyang, Hunan, 421001, China; Hunan Province Cooperative Innovation Center for Molecular Target New Drug Study, Hengyang, Hunan, 421001, China
| | - Yuqing Chen
- Institute of Pathogenic Biology, Hengyang Medical College, University of South China; Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory for Special Pathogens Prevention and Control, Hengyang, Hunan, 421001, China; Hunan Province Cooperative Innovation Center for Molecular Target New Drug Study, Hengyang, Hunan, 421001, China
| | - Zhenjie Sun
- Institute of Pathogenic Biology, Hengyang Medical College, University of South China; Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory for Special Pathogens Prevention and Control, Hengyang, Hunan, 421001, China; Hunan Province Cooperative Innovation Center for Molecular Target New Drug Study, Hengyang, Hunan, 421001, China
| | - Jian Liu
- The Affiliated Nanhua Hospital, Department of laboratory medicine, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, 421001, China
| | - Mingxing Liang
- The Affiliated Huaihua Hospital, Department of laboratory medicine, Huaihua, Hunan, 418000, China
| | - Yimou Wu
- Institute of Pathogenic Biology, Hengyang Medical College, University of South China; Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory for Special Pathogens Prevention and Control, Hengyang, Hunan, 421001, China; Hunan Province Cooperative Innovation Center for Molecular Target New Drug Study, Hengyang, Hunan, 421001, China.
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10
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Zeng J, Yang S, Sun R, Tuo Y, Tan L, Zhang H, Zhang Y, Che X, Lu T, Zhang X, Bai H. A Pathogenic Role for FcγRI in the Immune Response against Chlamydial Respiratory Infection. Microorganisms 2022; 11:microorganisms11010039. [PMID: 36677333 PMCID: PMC9862693 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms11010039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2022] [Revised: 12/11/2022] [Accepted: 12/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
FcγRI is an important cell surface receptor reported to be involved in multiple immune responses, although it has not yet been extensively studied in intracellular bacterial infections. Here, using a mouse model of C. muridarum respiratory infection, we were able to determine how FcγRI regulates the host resistance against chlamydial invasion. According to our findings, the chlamydial loads and pulmonary pathology were both reduced in FcγRI deficient (Fcgr1-/-) animals. Being infected, monocytes, macrophages, neutrophils, DCs, CD4+/CD8+ T cells, and effector Th1 subsets displayed increased FcγRI expression patterns. Altered infiltration of these cells in the lungs of Fcgr1-/- mice further demonstrated the regulation of FcγRI in the immune system and identified Th1 cells and macrophages as its target cell populations. As expected, we observed that the Th1 response was augmented in Fcgr1-/- mice, while the pro-inflammatory M1 macrophage polarization was constrained. These findings might indicate FcγRI as a potential regulator for host immunity and inflammatory response during chlamydial infection.
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11
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Hemmati S, Rasekhi Kazerooni H. Polypharmacological Cell-Penetrating Peptides from Venomous Marine Animals Based on Immunomodulating, Antimicrobial, and Anticancer Properties. Mar Drugs 2022; 20:md20120763. [PMID: 36547910 PMCID: PMC9787916 DOI: 10.3390/md20120763] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2022] [Revised: 11/25/2022] [Accepted: 11/30/2022] [Indexed: 12/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Complex pathological diseases, such as cancer, infection, and Alzheimer's, need to be targeted by multipronged curative. Various omics technologies, with a high rate of data generation, demand artificial intelligence to translate these data into druggable targets. In this study, 82 marine venomous animal species were retrieved, and 3505 cryptic cell-penetrating peptides (CPPs) were identified in their toxins. A total of 279 safe peptides were further analyzed for antimicrobial, anticancer, and immunomodulatory characteristics. Protease-resistant CPPs with endosomal-escape ability in Hydrophis hardwickii, nuclear-localizing peptides in Scorpaena plumieri, and mitochondrial-targeting peptides from Synanceia horrida were suitable for compartmental drug delivery. A broad-spectrum S. horrida-derived antimicrobial peptide with a high binding-affinity to bacterial membranes was an antigen-presenting cell (APC) stimulator that primes cytokine release and naïve T-cell maturation simultaneously. While antibiofilm and wound-healing peptides were detected in Synanceia verrucosa, APC epitopes as universal adjuvants for antiviral vaccination were in Pterois volitans and Conus monile. Conus pennaceus-derived anticancer peptides showed antiangiogenic and IL-2-inducing properties with moderate BBB-permeation and were defined to be a tumor-homing peptide (THP) with the ability to inhibit programmed death ligand-1 (PDL-1). Isoforms of RGD-containing peptides with innate antiangiogenic characteristics were in Conus tessulatus for tumor targeting. Inhibitors of neuropilin-1 in C. pennaceus are proposed for imaging probes or therapeutic delivery. A Conus betulinus cryptic peptide, with BBB-permeation, mitochondrial-targeting, and antioxidant capacity, was a stimulator of anti-inflammatory cytokines and non-inducer of proinflammation proposed for Alzheimer's. Conclusively, we have considered the dynamic interaction of cells, their microenvironment, and proportional-orchestrating-host- immune pathways by multi-target-directed CPPs resembling single-molecule polypharmacology. This strategy might fill the therapeutic gap in complex resistant disorders and increase the candidates' clinical-translation chance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiva Hemmati
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Pharmacy, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz 71345-1583, Iran
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, UCSI University, Cheras, Kuala Lumpur 56000, Malaysia
- Biotechnology Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz 71345-1583, Iran
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +98-7132-424-128
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12
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He Z, Wang C, Wang J, Zheng K, Ding N, Yu M, Li W, Tang Y, Li Y, Xiao J, Liang M, Wu Y. Chlamydia psittaci inhibits apoptosis of human neutrophils by activating P2X7 receptor expression. Int J Med Microbiol 2022; 312:151571. [PMID: 36511277 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijmm.2022.151571] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2022] [Revised: 09/10/2022] [Accepted: 10/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
This study tested the hypothesis that Chlamydia psittaci (C. psittaci) survives and multiplies in human neutrophils by activating P2X7, a nonselective cationic channel receptor expressed constitutively on the surface of these cells. Findings illustrated that P2X7 receptor expression was enhanced in C. psittaci-infected neutrophils. C. psittaci was able to inhibite spontaneous apoptosis of neutrophils through mitochondrial-induced ATP release and IL-8 production. Importantly, inhibiting ATP activation of the P2X7 receptor with AZ10606120 promotes apoptosis, while stimulating P2X7 receptor expression with BzATP delayed spontaneous apoptosis of human neutrophils, suggesting that C. psittaci inhibits apoptosis of human neutrophils by activating P2X7 receptor. This study reveals new insights into the survival advantages of the latent persistent state of C. psittaci and the mechanism by which it evades the innate immune response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhangping He
- Institute of Pathogenic Biology, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, China; Department of Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory for Special Pathogens Prevention and Control, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, China
| | - Chuan Wang
- Institute of Pathogenic Biology, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, China; Department of Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory for Special Pathogens Prevention and Control, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, China
| | - Jianye Wang
- Institute of Pathogenic Biology, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, China; Department of Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory for Special Pathogens Prevention and Control, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, China
| | - Kang Zheng
- Institute of Pathogenic Biology, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, China; Department of Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory for Special Pathogens Prevention and Control, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, China
| | - Nan Ding
- Institute of Pathogenic Biology, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, China; Department of Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory for Special Pathogens Prevention and Control, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, China
| | - Maoying Yu
- Institute of Pathogenic Biology, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, China; Department of Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory for Special Pathogens Prevention and Control, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, China
| | - Weiwei Li
- Institute of Pathogenic Biology, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, China; Department of Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory for Special Pathogens Prevention and Control, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, China
| | - Yuanyuan Tang
- Institute of Pathogenic Biology, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, China; Department of Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory for Special Pathogens Prevention and Control, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, China
| | - Yumeng Li
- The First Affiliated Hospital, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hunan, China
| | - Jian Xiao
- The Affiliated Nanhua Hospital, Department of laboratory medicine, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, China
| | - Mingxing Liang
- Institute of Pathogenic Biology, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, China; Department of Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory for Special Pathogens Prevention and Control, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, China
| | - Yimou Wu
- Institute of Pathogenic Biology, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, China; Department of Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory for Special Pathogens Prevention and Control, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, China.
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13
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Hahn DL, Webley W. U-BIOPRED/BIOAIR proteins: inflammation or infection? Eur Respir J 2022; 60:2200571. [PMID: 36202417 DOI: 10.1183/13993003.00571-2022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2022] [Accepted: 05/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Wilmore Webley
- University of Massachusetts Amherst, Department of Microbiology, Amherst, MA, USA
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14
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Hou C, Jin Y, Wu H, Li P, Liu L, Zheng K, Wang C. Alternative strategies for Chlamydia treatment: Promising non-antibiotic approaches. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:987662. [PMID: 36504792 PMCID: PMC9727249 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.987662] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2022] [Accepted: 11/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Chlamydia is an obligate intracellular bacterium where most species are pathogenic and infectious, causing various infectious diseases and complications in humans and animals. Antibiotics are often recommended for the clinical treatment of chlamydial infections. However, extensive research has shown that antibiotics may not be sufficient to eliminate or inhibit infection entirely and have some potential risks, including antibiotic resistance. The impact of chlamydial infection and antibiotic misuse should not be underestimated in public health. This study explores the possibility of new therapeutic techniques, including a review of recent studies on preventing and suppressing chlamydial infection by non-antibiotic compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen Hou
- School of Basic Medicine, Hengyang Medical College, Institute of Pathogenic Biology, University of South China, Hengyang, China
| | - Yingqi Jin
- School of Basic Medicine, Hengyang Medical College, Institute of Pathogenic Biology, University of South China, Hengyang, China
| | - Hua Wu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Affiliated Hengyang Hospital of Southern Medical University, Hengyang Central Hospital, Hengyang, China
| | - Pengyi Li
- School of Basic Medicine, Hengyang Medical College, Institute of Pathogenic Biology, University of South China, Hengyang, China
| | - Longyun Liu
- School of Basic Medicine, Hengyang Medical College, Institute of Pathogenic Biology, University of South China, Hengyang, China
| | - Kang Zheng
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Affiliated Hengyang Hospital of Southern Medical University, Hengyang Central Hospital, Hengyang, China,*Correspondence: Kang Zheng
| | - Chuan Wang
- School of Basic Medicine, Hengyang Medical College, Institute of Pathogenic Biology, University of South China, Hengyang, China,Chuan Wang
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15
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Wang J, Wang K. New insights into Chlamydia pathogenesis: Role of leukemia inhibitory factor. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2022; 12:1029178. [PMID: 36329823 PMCID: PMC9623337 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2022.1029178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2022] [Accepted: 09/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Chlamydia trachomatis (Ct) is the leading cause of bacterial sexually transmitted infections worldwide. Since the symptoms of Ct infection are often subtle or absent, most people are unaware of their infection until they are tested or develop severe complications such as infertility. It is believed that the primary culprit of Ct-associated tissue damage is unresolved chronic inflammation, resulting in aberrant production of cytokines, chemokines, and growth factors, as well as dysregulated tissue influx of innate and adaptive immune cells. A member of the IL-6 cytokine family, leukemia inhibitory factor (LIF), is one of the cytokines induced by Ct infection but its role in Ct pathogenesis is unclear. In this article, we review the biology of LIF and LIF receptor (LIFR)-mediated signaling pathways, summarize the physiological role of LIF in the reproductive system, and discuss the impact of LIF in chronic inflammatory conditions and its implication in Ct pathogenesis. Under normal circumstances, LIF is produced to maintain epithelial homeostasis and tissue repair, including the aftermath of Ct infection. However, LIF/LIFR-mediated signaling – particularly prolonged strong signaling – can gradually transform the microenvironment of the fallopian tube by altering the fate of epithelial cells and the cellular composition of epithelium. This harmful transformation of epithelium may be a key process that leads to an enhanced risk of infertility, ectopic pregnancy and cancer following Ct infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Wang
- Canadian Center for Vaccinology, Halifax, NS, Canada
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Halifax, NS, Canada
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada
- Izaak Walton Killam (IWK) Health Centre, Halifax, NS, Canada
- *Correspondence: Jun Wang,
| | - Katherine Wang
- Canadian Center for Vaccinology, Halifax, NS, Canada
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Halifax, NS, Canada
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Huston WM, Lawrence A, Wee BA, Thomas M, Timms P, Vodstrcil LA, McNulty A, McIvor R, Worthington K, Donovan B, Phillips S, Chen MY, Fairley CK, Hocking JS. Repeat infections with chlamydia in women may be more transcriptionally active with lower responses from some immune genes. Front Public Health 2022; 10:1012835. [PMID: 36299763 PMCID: PMC9589431 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2022.1012835] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2022] [Accepted: 09/23/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Chlamydia trachomatis, the most common bacterial sexually transmitted infection worldwide, is responsible for considerable health burden due to its significant sequelae. There are growing concerns about chlamydial treatment and management due to widely documented increasing burden of repeat infections. In the current study, a cohort study design of 305 women with urogenital chlamydial infections demonstrated that 11.8% of women experienced repeat infections after treatment with azithromycin. The chlamydial DNA load measured by quantitative PCR was higher in women who experienced a repeat infection (p = 0.0097) and repeat infection was associated with sexual contact. There was no genomic or phenotypic evidence of azithromycin resistance within the chlamydial isolates. During repeat infection, or repeat positive tests during follow up, vaginal chlamydial gene expression (ompA, euo, omcB, htrA, trpAB) was markedly higher compared to baseline, and two of the selected immune genes analyzed had significantly lower expression at the time of repeat infection. Overall, there are two implications of these results. The results could be generalized to all recent infections, or repeat positive events, and indicate that chlamydial infections are have higher transcriptional activity of select genes early in the infection in women. Alternatively, after azithromycin treatment, repeat infections of Chlamydia may be more transcriptionally active at certain genes, and there may be post-treatment immunological alterations that interplay into repeat exposures establishing an active infection. The potential that recent infections may involve a higher level of activity from the organism may have implications for management by more regular testing of the most at risk women to reduce the risk of sequelae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wilhelmina M. Huston
- Faculty of Science, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, NSW, Australia,*Correspondence: Wilhelmina M. Huston
| | - Amba Lawrence
- Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology, Kelvin Grove, QLD, Australia
| | - Bryan A. Wee
- Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology, Kelvin Grove, QLD, Australia
| | - Mark Thomas
- Faculty of Science, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, NSW, Australia
| | - Peter Timms
- Bioinnovation Centre, University of the Sunshine Coast, Sippy Downs, QLD, Australia
| | - Lenka A. Vodstrcil
- Melbourne Sexual Health Centre, Central Clinical School, Monash University, Carlton, VIC, Australia,Centre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, University of Melbourne, Carlton, VIC, Australia
| | - Anna McNulty
- Sydney Sexual Health Centre, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Ruthy McIvor
- Sydney Sexual Health Centre, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Karen Worthington
- Melbourne Sexual Health Centre, Alfred Health, Carlton, VIC, Australia
| | - Basil Donovan
- Kirby Institute, University of New South Wales, Kensington, NSW, Australia
| | - Samuel Phillips
- Bioinnovation Centre, University of the Sunshine Coast, Sippy Downs, QLD, Australia
| | - Marcus Y. Chen
- Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, University of Melbourne, Carlton, VIC, Australia,Australia and Melbourne Sexual Health Centre, Carlton, VIC, Australia
| | | | - Jane S. Hocking
- Centre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, University of Melbourne, Carlton, VIC, Australia,Jane S. Hocking
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17
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Bacterial Infections and Atherosclerosis – A Mini Review. JOURNAL OF PURE AND APPLIED MICROBIOLOGY 2022. [DOI: 10.22207/jpam.16.3.08] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Atherosclerosis is the most challenging subsets of coronary artery disease in humans, in which risk factors emerge from childhood, and its prevalence increases with age. Experimental research demonstrates that infections due to bacteria stimulate atherogenic events. Atherosclerosis has complex pathophysiology that is linked with several bacterial infections by damaging the inner arterial wall and heart muscles directly and indirectly by provoking a systemic pro-inflammation and acute-phase protein. Repeated bacterial infections trigger an inflammatory cascade that triggers immunological responses that negatively impact cardiovascular biomarkers includes triglycerides, high-density lipoprotein, C-reactive protein, heat shock proteins, cytokines, fibrinogen, and leukocyte count. Herein, we intended to share the role of bacterial infection in atherosclerosis and evaluate existing evidence of animal and human trials on the association between bacterial infections and atherosclerosis on update.
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18
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Potential IFNγ Modulation of Inflammasome Pathway in Chlamydia trachomatis Infected Synovial Cells. Life (Basel) 2021; 11:life11121359. [PMID: 34947890 PMCID: PMC8707573 DOI: 10.3390/life11121359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2021] [Revised: 12/02/2021] [Accepted: 12/04/2021] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Following a Chlamydia trachomatis infection, the host immune response is characterized by its recognition via Toll-like and Nod-like Receptors, and the subsequent activation of interferon (IFN)-γ-mediated signaling pathways. Recently, the inflammasome-mediated host cell response has emerged to play a role in the physiopathology of C. trachomatis infection. Here we investigated, for the first time, the interaction of IFN-γ and inflammasome in an in vitro model of C. trachomatis-infected primary human synovial cells. Chlamydial replication as well as the expression of caspase-1, IL-1β, as well as IL-18 and IL-6, were assayed. Our results demonstrated the inhibitory activity of IFN-γ by interfering with the inflammasome network through the downregulation of caspase-1 mRNA expression. In addition, the ability of C. trachomatis to hinder the inflammasome pathway favoring its intracellular survival within synovial cells, was observed. Overall, our data suggest a potential mechanism of immune evasion by C. trachomatis in synovial cells, that may be contested by IFN-γ.
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