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Qiu Q, Geng Z, Wang L, Zuo L, Deng M, Zhang H, Yang Y, Wang Y, Zhao Z, Wen H, Wang Q, Wang Y, He X, Li J, Wang Y, Zhang X, Liu M, Song X. Peiminine ameliorates Crohn's disease-like colitis by enhancing the function of the intestinal epithelial barrier through Nrf2/HO1 signal. Int Immunopharmacol 2024; 136:112380. [PMID: 38850790 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2024.112380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2024] [Revised: 05/28/2024] [Accepted: 05/28/2024] [Indexed: 06/10/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Impaired intestinal barrier function is key in maintaining intestinal inflammation in Crohn's disease (CD). However, no targeted treatment in clinical practice has been developed. Peiminine (Pm) strongly protects the epithelial barrier, the purpose of this study is to investigate whether Pm affects CD-like colitis and potential mechanisms for its action. METHODS Trinitro-benzene-sulfonic acid (TNBS)-induced mice and Il-10-/- mice were used as CD animal models. Colitis symptoms, histological analysis, and intestinal barrier permeability were used to assess the Pm's therapeutic effect on CD-like colitis. The colon organoids were induced by TNF-α to evaluate the direct role of Pm in inhibiting apoptosis of the intestinal epithelial cells. Western blotting and small molecule inhibitors were used to investigate further the potential mechanism of Pm in inhibiting apoptosis of intestinal epithelial cells. RESULTS Pm treatment reduced body weight loss, disease activity index (DAI) score, and inflammatory score, demonstrating that colonic inflammation in mice were alleviated. Pm decreased the intestinal epithelial apoptosis, improved the intestinal barrier function, and prevented the loss of tight junction proteins (ZO1 and claudin-1) in the colon of CD mice and TNF-α-induced colonic organoids. Pm activated Nrf2/HO1 signaling, which may protect intestinal barrier function. CONCLUSIONS Pm inhibits intestinal epithelial apoptosis in CD mice by activating Nrf2/HO1 pathway. This partially explains the potential mechanism of Pm in ameliorating intestinal barrier function in mice and provides a new approach to treating CD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Quanwei Qiu
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical University, Bengbu, Anhui, China
| | - Zhijun Geng
- Department of Central Laboratory, First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical University, Bengbu, China
| | - Lian Wang
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical University, Bengbu, Anhui, China
| | - Lugen Zuo
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical University, Bengbu, Anhui, China
| | - Min Deng
- Department of Gastroenterology, First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical University, Bengbu, China
| | - Hao Zhang
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical University, Bengbu, Anhui, China
| | - Yiqun Yang
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical University, Bengbu, Anhui, China
| | - Yijun Wang
- Bengbu Medical University, Bengbu, China
| | | | - Hexin Wen
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical University, Bengbu, Anhui, China
| | - Qiusheng Wang
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical University, Bengbu, Anhui, China
| | - Yitong Wang
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical University, Bengbu, Anhui, China
| | - Xuxu He
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical University, Bengbu, Anhui, China
| | - Jing Li
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical University, Bengbu, China
| | - Yueyue Wang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical University, Bengbu, China
| | - Xiaofeng Zhang
- Department of Central Laboratory, First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical University, Bengbu, China
| | - Mulin Liu
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical University, Bengbu, Anhui, China.
| | - Xue Song
- Department of Central Laboratory, First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical University, Bengbu, China.
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Nadalian B, Nadalian B, Zali MR, Yadegar A. Outer Membrane Vesicles Derived from Adherent-Invasive Escherichia coli Induce Inflammatory Response and Alter the Gene Expression of Junction-Associated Proteins in Human Intestinal Epithelial Cells. THE CANADIAN JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES & MEDICAL MICROBIOLOGY = JOURNAL CANADIEN DES MALADIES INFECTIEUSES ET DE LA MICROBIOLOGIE MEDICALE 2024; 2024:2701675. [PMID: 38826676 PMCID: PMC11142853 DOI: 10.1155/2024/2701675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2024] [Revised: 04/02/2024] [Accepted: 05/10/2024] [Indexed: 06/04/2024]
Abstract
Adherent-invasive Escherichia coli (AIEC) pathobionts, which are characterized by their ability to adhere to and invade intestinal epithelial cells, are associated with the etiopathogenesis of inflammatory bowel diseases (IBDs). Outer membrane vesicles (OMVs) released by AIEC strains can facilitate the interaction of these bacteria with host cells through delivering bacterial effectors. The aim of this study was to determine the ability of OMVs derived from AIEC strain LF82 to induce the host immune response, leading to production of proinflammatory cytokines and also altering the gene expression of junction-associated proteins in the human epithelial colorectal adenocarcinoma Caco-2 cell line. OMVs were extracted from AIEC strain LF82, and the cell viability of Caco-2 cells treated with these vesicles was assessed by MTT assay. The morphology and size distribution of vesicles were analyzed using transmission electron microscopy and dynamic light scattering, respectively. Gene expression of occludin, ZO-1, claudin-2, E-cadherin, TLR-2, and TLR-4 in response to OMVs was assessed in Caco-2 cells by RT-qPCR. Moreover, the secretion of IL-8 and TNF-α into the supernatant of Caco-2 cells upon treatment with OMVs was measured using ELISA. Our results demonstrated that OMVs upregulated the gene expression level of TLRs and also altered the gene expression level of junction-associated proteins. OMVs derived from AIEC may play a major role in the promotion of intestinal inflammation and epithelial barrier dysfunction. However, further investigations are needed to elucidate the putative role of OMVs in the pathogenesis of AIEC and IBD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bahareh Nadalian
- Foodborne and Waterborne Diseases Research Center, Research Institute for Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Banafsheh Nadalian
- Foodborne and Waterborne Diseases Research Center, Research Institute for Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Reza Zali
- Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases Research Center, Research Institute for Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Abbas Yadegar
- Foodborne and Waterborne Diseases Research Center, Research Institute for Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Basic and Molecular Epidemiology of Gastrointestinal Disorders Research Center, Research Institute for Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Flood P, Hanrahan N, Nally K, Melgar S. Human intestinal organoids: Modeling gastrointestinal physiology and immunopathology - current applications and limitations. Eur J Immunol 2024; 54:e2250248. [PMID: 37957831 DOI: 10.1002/eji.202250248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2023] [Revised: 11/10/2023] [Accepted: 11/11/2023] [Indexed: 11/15/2023]
Abstract
Human intestinal organoids are an ideal model system for studying gastrointestinal physiology and immunopathology. Altered physiology and mucosal immune response are hallmarks of numerous intestinal functional and inflammatory diseases, including inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), coeliac disease, irritable bowel syndrome (IBS), and obesity. These conditions impact the normal epithelial functions of the intestine, such as absorption, barrier function, secretion, and host-microbiome communication. They are accompanied by characteristic intestinal symptoms and have significant societal, economic, and healthcare burdens. To develop new treatment options, cutting-edge research is required to investigate their etiology and pathology. Human intestinal organoids derived from patient tissue recapitulate the key physiological and immunopathological aspects of these conditions, providing a promising platform for elucidating disease mechanisms. This review will summarize recent reports on patient-derived human small intestinal and colonic organoids and highlight how these models have been used to study intestinal epithelial functions in the context of inflammation, altered physiology, and immune response. Furthermore, it will elaborate on the various organoid systems in use and the techniques/assays currently available to study epithelial functions. Finally, it will conclude by discussing the limitations and future perspectives of organoid technology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Flood
- APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Naomi Hanrahan
- APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
- Biochemistry and Cell Biology, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Ken Nally
- APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
- Biochemistry and Cell Biology, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Silvia Melgar
- APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
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Mbanga J, Kodzai NP, Oosthuysen WF. Antibiotic resistance, pathotypes, and pathogen-host interactions in Escherichia coli from hospital wastewater in Bulawayo, Zimbabwe. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0282273. [PMID: 36862713 PMCID: PMC9980749 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0282273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2022] [Accepted: 02/10/2023] [Indexed: 03/03/2023] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to characterise E. coli strains isolated from hospital wastewater effluent in Bulawayo, Zimbabwe, using both molecular and cytological approaches. Wastewater samples were aseptically collected from the sewerage mains of a major public referral hospital in Bulawayo province weekly for one month. A total of 94 isolates were isolated and confirmed as E. coli through biotyping and PCR targeting the uidA housekeeping gene. A total of 7 genes (eagg, eaeA, stx, flicH7, ipaH, lt, and st genes) coding for virulence in diarrheagenic E. coli were targeted. Antibiotic susceptibility of E. coli was determined against a panel of 12 antibiotics through the disk diffusion assay. The infectivity status of the observed pathotypes was investigated using HeLa cells through adherence, invasion, and intracellular assay. None of the 94 isolates tested positive for the ipaH and flicH7genes. However, 48 (53.3%) isolates were enterotoxigenic E. coli (ETEC) (lt gene positive), 2 (2.13%) isolates were enteroaggregative E. coli (EAEC) (eagg gene), and 1 (1.06%) isolate was enterohaemorrhagic E. coli (EHEC) (stx and eaeA). A high level of sensitivity was observed in E. coli against ertapenem (98.9%), and Azithromycin (75.5%). The highest resistance was against ampicillin (92.6%) and sulphamethoxazole-trimethoprim (90.4%). Seventy-nine (84%) E. coli isolates exhibited multidrug resistance. The infectivity study results indicated that environmentally isolated pathotypes were as infective as the clinically isolated pathotypes for all three parameters. No adherent cells were observed using ETEC, and no cells were observed in the intracellular survival assay using EAEC. This study revealed that hospital wastewater is a hotspot for pathogenic E. coli and that the environmentally isolated pathotypes maintained their ability to colonise and infect mammalian cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joshua Mbanga
- Department of Applied Biology and Biochemistry, National University of Science and Technology, Bulawayo, Zimbabwe
- * E-mail:
| | - Nokukhanya P. Kodzai
- Department of Applied Biology and Biochemistry, National University of Science and Technology, Bulawayo, Zimbabwe
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5
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Bonjoch L, Soares de Lima Y, Díaz-Gay M, Dotti I, Muñoz J, Moreira L, Carballal S, Ocaña T, Cuatrecasas M, Ortiz O, Castells A, Pellisé M, Balaguer F, Salas A, Alexandrov LB, Castellví-Bel S. Unraveling the impact of a germline heterozygous POLD1 frameshift variant in serrated polyposis syndrome. Front Mol Biosci 2023; 10:1119900. [PMID: 36756361 PMCID: PMC9900627 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2023.1119900] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2022] [Accepted: 01/10/2023] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Serrated polyposis syndrome (SPS) is one of the most frequent polyposis syndromes characterized by an increased risk for developing colorectal cancer (CRC). Although SPS etiology has been mainly associated with environmental factors, germline predisposition to SPS could also be relevant for cases with familial aggregation or a family history of SPS/CRC. After whole-exome sequencing of 39 SPS patients from 16 families, we identified a heterozygous germline frameshift variant in the POLD1 gene (c.1941delG, p.(Lys648fs*46)) in a patient with SPS and CRC. Tumor presented an ultra-hypermutated phenotype and microsatellite instability. The POLD1 germline variant segregated in three additional SPS-affected family members. We attempted to create yeast and cellular models for this variant but were no viable. Alternatively, we generated patient-derived organoids (PDOs) from healthy rectal tissue of the index case, as well as from a control donor. Then, we challenged PDOs with a DNA-damaging agent to induce replication stress. No significant differences were observed in the DNA damage response between control and POLD1-Lys648fs PDOs, nor specific mutational signatures were observed. Our results do not support the pathogenicity of the analyzed POLD1 frameshift variant. One possible explanation is that haplosufficiency of the wild-type allele may be compensating for the absence of expression of the frameshift allele. Overall, future work is required to elucidate if functional consequences could be derived from POLD1 alterations different from missense variants in their proofreading domain. To our knowledge, our study presents the first organoid model for germline POLD1 variants and establishes the basis for its use as a model for disease in SPS, CRC and other malignancies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laia Bonjoch
- Gastroenterology Department, Institut d’Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBERehd), Hospital Clínic, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Yasmin Soares de Lima
- Gastroenterology Department, Institut d’Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBERehd), Hospital Clínic, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Marcos Díaz-Gay
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine and Department of Bioengineering and Moores Cancer Center, UC San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States
| | - Isabella Dotti
- Inflammatory Bowel Disease Unit, Gastroenterology Department, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS) Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBERehd), Hospital Clínic, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Jenifer Muñoz
- Gastroenterology Department, Institut d’Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBERehd), Hospital Clínic, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Leticia Moreira
- Gastroenterology Department, Institut d’Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBERehd), Hospital Clínic, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Sabela Carballal
- Gastroenterology Department, Institut d’Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBERehd), Hospital Clínic, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Teresa Ocaña
- Gastroenterology Department, Institut d’Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBERehd), Hospital Clínic, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Miriam Cuatrecasas
- Pathology Department, Institut d’Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBERehd) and Tumor Bank-Biobank, Hospital Clínic, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Oswaldo Ortiz
- Gastroenterology Department, Institut d’Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBERehd), Hospital Clínic, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Antoni Castells
- Gastroenterology Department, Institut d’Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBERehd), Hospital Clínic, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Maria Pellisé
- Gastroenterology Department, Institut d’Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBERehd), Hospital Clínic, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Francesc Balaguer
- Gastroenterology Department, Institut d’Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBERehd), Hospital Clínic, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Azucena Salas
- Inflammatory Bowel Disease Unit, Gastroenterology Department, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS) Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBERehd), Hospital Clínic, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Ludmil B. Alexandrov
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine and Department of Bioengineering and Moores Cancer Center, UC San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States
| | - Sergi Castellví-Bel
- Gastroenterology Department, Institut d’Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBERehd), Hospital Clínic, Barcelona, Spain
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6
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Zheng L, Duan SL, Dai YC, Wu SC. Role of adherent invasive Escherichia coli in pathogenesis of inflammatory bowel disease. World J Clin Cases 2022; 10:11671-11689. [PMID: 36405271 PMCID: PMC9669839 DOI: 10.12998/wjcc.v10.i32.11671] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2022] [Revised: 09/04/2022] [Accepted: 10/11/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Gut microbiota imbalances play an important role in inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), but no single pathogenic microorganism critical to IBD that is specific to the IBD terminal ileum mucosa or can invade intestinal epithelial cells has been found. Invasive Escherichia coli (E. coli) adhesion to macrophages is considered to be closely related to the pathogenesis of inflammatory bowel disease. Further study of the specific biological characteristics of adherent invasive E. coli (AIEC) may contribute to a further understanding of IBD pathogenesis. This review explores the relationship between AIEC and the intestinal immune system, discusses the prevalence and relevance of AIEC in Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis patients, and describes the relationship between AIEC and the disease site, activity, and postoperative recurrence. Finally, we highlight potential therapeutic strategies to attenuate AIEC colonization in the intestinal mucosa, including the use of phage therapy, antibiotics, and anti-adhesion molecules. These strategies may open up new avenues for the prevention and treatment of IBD in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lie Zheng
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shaanxi Provincial Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Xi’an 322000, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Sheng-Lei Duan
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shaanxi Provincial Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Xi’an 322000, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Yan-Cheng Dai
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shanghai Traditional Chinese Medicine Integrated Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 200082, China
| | - Shi-Cheng Wu
- Department of Proctology, Gansu Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Gansu Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Lanzhou 730050, Gansu Province, China
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Dotti I, Mayorgas A, Salas A. Generation of human colon organoids from healthy and inflammatory bowel disease mucosa. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0276195. [PMID: 36301950 PMCID: PMC9612551 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0276195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2022] [Accepted: 10/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Ulcerative colitis and Crohn's disease are chronic inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD) of unknown cause characterized by a relapsing-remitting behavior. Growing evidence supports the idea that the epithelial barrier plays a central role in the pathogenesis of IBD as well as in its evolution over time, thus representing a potential target for novel therapeutic options. In the last decade, the introduction of 3D epithelial cultures from ex vivo-expanded intestinal adult stem cells (ASCs) has impacted our ability to study the function of the epithelium in several gastrointestinal disorders, including IBD. Here, we describe in detail a reproducible protocol to generate Matrigel-embedded epithelial organoids from ASCs of non-IBD and IBD donors using small colonic biopsies, including steps for its optimization. A slightly modified version of this protocol is also provided in case surgical samples are used. With this method, epithelial organoids can be expanded over several passages, thereby generating a large quantity of viable cells that can be used in multiple downstream analyses including genetic, transcriptional, proteomic and/or functional studies. In addition, 3D cultures generated using our protocol are suitable for the establishment of 2D cultures, which can model relevant cell-to-cell interactions that occur in IBD mucosa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabella Dotti
- Department of Gastroenterology, IDIBAPS, Hospital Clínic, CIBER-EHD, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Aida Mayorgas
- Department of Gastroenterology, IDIBAPS, Hospital Clínic, CIBER-EHD, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Azucena Salas
- Department of Gastroenterology, IDIBAPS, Hospital Clínic, CIBER-EHD, Barcelona, Spain
- * E-mail:
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8
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Csukovich G, Pratscher B, Burgener IA. The World of Organoids: Gastrointestinal Disease Modelling in the Age of 3R and One Health with Specific Relevance to Dogs and Cats. Animals (Basel) 2022; 12:ani12182461. [PMID: 36139322 PMCID: PMC9495014 DOI: 10.3390/ani12182461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2022] [Revised: 09/09/2022] [Accepted: 09/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
One Health describes the importance of considering humans, animals, and the environment in health research. One Health and the 3R concept, i.e., the replacement, reduction, and refinement of animal experimentation, shape today’s research more and more. The development of organoids from many different organs and animals led to the development of highly sophisticated model systems trying to replace animal experiments. Organoids may be used for disease modelling in various ways elucidating the manifold host–pathogen interactions. This review provides an overview of disease modelling approaches using organoids of different kinds with a special focus on animal organoids and gastrointestinal diseases. We also provide an outlook on how the research field of organoids might develop in the coming years and what opportunities organoids hold for in-depth disease modelling and therapeutic interventions.
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9
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Gelalcha BD, Brown SM, Crocker HE, Agga GE, Kerro Dego O. Regulation Mechanisms of Virulence Genes in Enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli. Foodborne Pathog Dis 2022; 19:598-612. [PMID: 35921067 DOI: 10.1089/fpd.2021.0103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli (EHEC) is one of the most common E. coli pathotypes reported to cause several outbreaks of foodborne illnesses. EHEC is a zoonotic pathogen, and ruminants, especially cattle, are considered important reservoirs for the most common EHEC serotype, E. coli O157:H7. Humans are infected indirectly through the consumption of food (milk, meat, leafy vegetables, and fruits) and water contaminated by animal feces or direct contact with carrier animals or humans. E. coli O157:H7 is one of the most frequently reported causes of foodborne illnesses in developed countries. It employs two essential virulence mechanisms to trigger damage to the host. These are the development of attaching and effacing (AE) phenotypes on the intestinal mucosa of the host and the production of Shiga toxin (Stx) that causes hemorrhagic colitis and hemolytic uremic syndrome. The AE phenotype is controlled by the pathogenicity island, the locus of enterocyte effacement (LEE). The induction of both AE and Stx is under strict and highly complex regulatory mechanisms. Thus, a good understanding of these mechanisms, major proteins expressed, and environmental cues involved in the regulation of the expression of the virulence genes is vital to finding a method to control the colonization of reservoir hosts, especially cattle, and disease development in humans. This review is a concise account of the current state of knowledge of virulence gene regulation in the LEE-positive EHEC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benti D Gelalcha
- Department of Animal Science, The University of Tennessee Institute of Agriculture, Knoxville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Selina M Brown
- Department of Animal Science, The University of Tennessee Institute of Agriculture, Knoxville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Hannah E Crocker
- Department of Animal Science, The University of Tennessee Institute of Agriculture, Knoxville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Getahun E Agga
- Food Animal Environmental Systems Research Unit, Agricultural Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture, Bowling Green, Kentucky, USA
| | - Oudessa Kerro Dego
- Department of Animal Science, The University of Tennessee Institute of Agriculture, Knoxville, Tennessee, USA
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10
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García-Díaz M, Cendra MDM, Alonso-Roman R, Urdániz M, Torrents E, Martínez E. Mimicking the Intestinal Host-Pathogen Interactions in a 3D In Vitro Model: The Role of the Mucus Layer. Pharmaceutics 2022; 14:1552. [PMID: 35893808 PMCID: PMC9331835 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics14081552] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2022] [Revised: 07/21/2022] [Accepted: 07/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The intestinal mucus lines the luminal surface of the intestinal epithelium. This mucus is a dynamic semipermeable barrier and one of the first-line defense mechanisms against the outside environment, protecting the body against chemical, mechanical, or biological external insults. At the same time, the intestinal mucus accommodates the resident microbiota, providing nutrients and attachment sites, and therefore playing an essential role in the host-pathogen interactions and gut homeostasis. Underneath this mucus layer, the intestinal epithelium is organized into finger-like protrusions called villi and invaginations called crypts. This characteristic 3D architecture is known to influence the epithelial cell differentiation and function. However, when modelling in vitro the intestinal host-pathogen interactions, these two essential features, the intestinal mucus and the 3D topography are often not represented, thus limiting the relevance of the models. Here we present an in vitro model that mimics the small intestinal mucosa and its interactions with intestinal pathogens in a relevant manner, containing the secreted mucus layer and the epithelial barrier in a 3D villus-like hydrogel scaffold. This 3D architecture significantly enhanced the secretion of mucus. In infection with the pathogenic adherent invasive E. coli strain LF82, characteristic of Crohn's disease, we observed that this secreted mucus promoted the adhesion of the pathogen and at the same time had a protective effect upon its invasion. This pathogenic strain was able to survive inside the epithelial cells and trigger an inflammatory response that was milder when a thick mucus layer was present. Thus, we demonstrated that our model faithfully mimics the key features of the intestinal mucosa necessary to study the interactions with intestinal pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- María García-Díaz
- Institute for Bioengineering of Catalonia (IBEC), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (BIST), 08028 Barcelona, Spain; (M.d.M.C.); (R.A.-R.); (M.U.); (E.T.)
| | - Maria del Mar Cendra
- Institute for Bioengineering of Catalonia (IBEC), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (BIST), 08028 Barcelona, Spain; (M.d.M.C.); (R.A.-R.); (M.U.); (E.T.)
| | - Raquel Alonso-Roman
- Institute for Bioengineering of Catalonia (IBEC), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (BIST), 08028 Barcelona, Spain; (M.d.M.C.); (R.A.-R.); (M.U.); (E.T.)
| | - María Urdániz
- Institute for Bioengineering of Catalonia (IBEC), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (BIST), 08028 Barcelona, Spain; (M.d.M.C.); (R.A.-R.); (M.U.); (E.T.)
| | - Eduard Torrents
- Institute for Bioengineering of Catalonia (IBEC), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (BIST), 08028 Barcelona, Spain; (M.d.M.C.); (R.A.-R.); (M.U.); (E.T.)
- Microbiology Section, Department of Genetics, Microbiology and Statistics, Biology Faculty, University of Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Elena Martínez
- Institute for Bioengineering of Catalonia (IBEC), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (BIST), 08028 Barcelona, Spain; (M.d.M.C.); (R.A.-R.); (M.U.); (E.T.)
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Bioingeniería, Biomateriales y Nanomedicina (CIBER-BBN), 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Department of Electronics and Biomedical Engineering, University of Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
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de Sousa Figueiredo MB, Pradel E, George F, Mahieux S, Houcke I, Pottier M, Fradin C, Neut C, Daniel C, Bongiovanni A, Foligné B, Titécat M. Adherent-Invasive and Non-Invasive Escherichia coli Isolates Differ in Their Effects on Caenorhabditis elegans' Lifespan. Microorganisms 2021; 9:microorganisms9091823. [PMID: 34576719 PMCID: PMC8465672 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms9091823] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2021] [Revised: 08/16/2021] [Accepted: 08/24/2021] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
The adherent-invasive Escherichia coli (AIEC) pathotype has been implicated in the pathogenesis of inflammatory bowel diseases in general and in Crohn’s disease (CD) in particular. AIEC strains are primarily characterized by their ability to adhere to and invade intestinal epithelial cells. However, the genetic and phenotypic features of AIEC isolates vary greatly as a function of the strain’s clonality, host factors, and the gut microenvironment. It is thus essential to identify the determinants of AIEC pathogenicity and understand their role in intestinal epithelial barrier dysfunction and inflammation. We reasoned that soil nematode Caenorhabditis elegans (a simple but powerful model of host-bacterium interactions) could be used to study the virulence of AIEC vs. non- AIEC E. coli strains. Indeed, we found that the colonization of C. elegans (strain N2) by E. coli impacted survival in a strain-specific manner. Moreover, the AIEC strains’ ability to invade cells in vitro was linked to the median lifespan in C. elegans (strain PX627). However, neither the E. coli intrinsic invasiveness (i.e., the fact for an individual strain to be characterized as invasive or not) nor AIEC’s virulence levels (i.e., the intensity of invasion, established in % from the infectious inoculum) in intestinal epithelial cells was correlated with C. elegans’ lifespan in the killing assay. Nevertheless, AIEC longevity of C. elegans might be a relevant model for screening anti-adhesion drugs and anti-invasive probiotics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Beatriz de Sousa Figueiredo
- Univ. Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, U1286-INFINITE-Institute for Translational Research in Inflammation, F-59000 Lille, France; (M.B.d.S.F.); (E.P.); (F.G.); (S.M.); (I.H.); (M.P.); (C.N.)
| | - Elizabeth Pradel
- Univ. Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, U1286-INFINITE-Institute for Translational Research in Inflammation, F-59000 Lille, France; (M.B.d.S.F.); (E.P.); (F.G.); (S.M.); (I.H.); (M.P.); (C.N.)
- Univ. Lille, CNRS, Inserm, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1019-UMR 9017-Center for Infection and Immunity of Lille, F-59000 Lille, France;
| | - Fanny George
- Univ. Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, U1286-INFINITE-Institute for Translational Research in Inflammation, F-59000 Lille, France; (M.B.d.S.F.); (E.P.); (F.G.); (S.M.); (I.H.); (M.P.); (C.N.)
| | - Séverine Mahieux
- Univ. Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, U1286-INFINITE-Institute for Translational Research in Inflammation, F-59000 Lille, France; (M.B.d.S.F.); (E.P.); (F.G.); (S.M.); (I.H.); (M.P.); (C.N.)
| | - Isabelle Houcke
- Univ. Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, U1286-INFINITE-Institute for Translational Research in Inflammation, F-59000 Lille, France; (M.B.d.S.F.); (E.P.); (F.G.); (S.M.); (I.H.); (M.P.); (C.N.)
| | - Muriel Pottier
- Univ. Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, U1286-INFINITE-Institute for Translational Research in Inflammation, F-59000 Lille, France; (M.B.d.S.F.); (E.P.); (F.G.); (S.M.); (I.H.); (M.P.); (C.N.)
| | - Chantal Fradin
- Univ. Lille, Inserm, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1167-RID-AGE, F-59000 Lille, France;
| | - Christel Neut
- Univ. Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, U1286-INFINITE-Institute for Translational Research in Inflammation, F-59000 Lille, France; (M.B.d.S.F.); (E.P.); (F.G.); (S.M.); (I.H.); (M.P.); (C.N.)
| | - Catherine Daniel
- Univ. Lille, CNRS, Inserm, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1019-UMR 9017-Center for Infection and Immunity of Lille, F-59000 Lille, France;
| | - Antonino Bongiovanni
- Univ. Lille, CNRS, Inserm, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, US 41-UMS 2014-PLBS, F-59000 Lille, France;
| | - Benoît Foligné
- Univ. Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, U1286-INFINITE-Institute for Translational Research in Inflammation, F-59000 Lille, France; (M.B.d.S.F.); (E.P.); (F.G.); (S.M.); (I.H.); (M.P.); (C.N.)
- Correspondence: (B.F.); (M.T.)
| | - Marie Titécat
- Univ. Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, U1286-INFINITE-Institute for Translational Research in Inflammation, F-59000 Lille, France; (M.B.d.S.F.); (E.P.); (F.G.); (S.M.); (I.H.); (M.P.); (C.N.)
- Correspondence: (B.F.); (M.T.)
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12
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Caballol B, Gudiño V, Panes J, Salas A. Ulcerative colitis: shedding light on emerging agents and strategies in preclinical and early clinical development. Expert Opin Investig Drugs 2021; 30:931-946. [PMID: 34365869 DOI: 10.1080/13543784.2021.1965122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Ulcerative colitis (UC) is an inflammatory disease of the large intestine. Progress in preclinical therapeutic target discovery and clinical trial design has resulted in the approval of new therapies. Nonetheless, remission rates remain below 30% thus underlining the need for novel, more effective therapies. AREAS COVERED This paper reviews current experimental techniques available for drug testing in intestinal inflammation and examines new therapies in clinical development for the treatment of UC. The authors searched the literature for 'ulcerative colitis' AND 'preclinical' OR 'drug target/drug name' (i.e. infliximab, vedolizumab, IL-12, IL-23, JAK, etc.). Studies that included preclinical in vivo or in vitro experiments are discussed. The clinicaltrial.gov site was searched for 'ulcerative colitis' AND 'Recruiting' OR 'Active, not recruiting' AND 'Interventional (Clinical Trial)' AND 'early phase 1' OR 'phase 1' OR 'phase 2' OR 'phase 3.' EXPERT OPINION Using in vivo, ex vivo, and/or in vitro models could increase the success rates of drugs moving to clinical trials, and hence increase the efficiency of this costly process. Selective JAK1 inhibitors, S1P modulators, and anti-p19 antibodies are the most promising options to improve treatment effectiveness. The development of drugs with gut-restricted exposure may provide increased efficacy and an improved safety.
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Affiliation(s)
- Berta Caballol
- Inflammatory Bowel Disease Unit, Department of Gastroenterology, Hospital Clínic de Barcelona, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Centro de Investigaciones Biomédicas en Red en Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBEREHD), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Victoria Gudiño
- Inflammatory Bowel Disease Unit, Department of Gastroenterology, Hospital Clínic de Barcelona, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Centro de Investigaciones Biomédicas en Red en Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBEREHD), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Julian Panes
- Inflammatory Bowel Disease Unit, Department of Gastroenterology, Hospital Clínic de Barcelona, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Centro de Investigaciones Biomédicas en Red en Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBEREHD), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Azucena Salas
- Inflammatory Bowel Disease Unit, Department of Gastroenterology, Hospital Clínic de Barcelona, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Centro de Investigaciones Biomédicas en Red en Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBEREHD), Barcelona, Spain
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13
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Zhu R, He P, Liu Z, Liu N, Miao Y, Yu C, Zhu L. Editorial: Microbiome in IBD: From Composition to Therapy. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:721992. [PMID: 34248651 PMCID: PMC8263897 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.721992] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2021] [Accepted: 06/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Ruixin Zhu
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Department of Bioinformatics, School of Life Sciences and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Peijian He
- Division of Digestive Diseases, Department of Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, United States
| | - Zhanju Liu
- Center for IBD Research, Department of Gastroenterology, The Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Ningning Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Center for Single-Cell Omics, School of Public Health, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yinglei Miao
- Department of Gastroenterology, First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Yunnan Institute of Digestive Diseases, Kunming, China
| | - Chenggong Yu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, China
| | - Lixin Zhu
- Guangdong Institute of Gastroenterology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Colorectal and Pelvic Floor Diseases, Department of Colorectal Surgery, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
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