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Zeng X, Li C, Liu Y, Liu W, Hu Y, Chen L, Huang X, Li Y, Hu K, Ouyang D, Rao T. HLA-B*35:01-mediated activation of emodin-specific T cells contributes to Polygonum multiflorum thunb. -induced liver injury in mice. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2024; 334:118523. [PMID: 38969149 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2024.118523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2024] [Revised: 07/01/2024] [Accepted: 07/03/2024] [Indexed: 07/07/2024]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE HLA-B*35:01 has been identified as a risk allele for Polygonum multiflorum Thunb.-induced liver injury (PMLI). However, the immune mechanism underlying HLA-B*35:01-mediated PMLI remains unknown. AIM OF THE STUDY To characterize the immune mechanism of HLA-B*35:01-mediated PMLI. MATERIALS AND METHODS Components of P. multiflorum (PM) bound to the HLA-B*35:01 molecule was screened by immunoaffinity chromatography. Both wild-type mice and HLA-B*35:01 transgenic (TG) mice were treated with emodin. The levels of transaminases, histological changes and T-cell response were assessed. Splenocytes from emodin-treated mice were isolated and cultured in vitro. Phenotypes and functions of T cells were characterized upon drug restimulation using flow cytometry or ELISA. Emodin-pulsed antigen-presenting cells (APCs) or glutaraldehyde-fixed APCs were co-cultured with splenocytes from emodin-treated transgenic mice to detect their effect on T-cell activation. RESULTS Emodin, the main component of PM, could non-covalently bind to the HLA-B*35:01-peptide complexes. TG mice were more sensitive to emodin-induced immune hepatic injury, as manifested by elevated aminotransferase levels, infiltration of inflammatory cells, increased percentage of CD8+T cells and release of effector molecules in the liver. However, these effects were not observed in wild-type mice. An increase in percentage of T cells and the levels of interferon-γ, granzyme B, and perforin was detected in emodin-restimulated splenocytes from TG mice. Anti-HLA-I antibodies inhibited the secretion of these effector molecules induced by emodin. Mechanistically, emodin-pulsed APCs failed to stimulate T cells, while fixed APCs in the presence of emodin could elicit the secretion of T cell effector molecules. CONCLUSION The HLA-B*35:01-mediated CD8+ T cell reaction to emodin through the P-I mechanism may contribute to P. multiflorum-induced liver injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangchang Zeng
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China; Hunan Key Laboratory for Bioanalysis of Complex Matrix Samples, Changsha Duxact Biotech Co., Ltd., Changsha, China; Hunan Key Laboratory of Pharmacogenetics, Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Central South University, Changsha, China; Engineering Research Center of Applied Technology of Pharmacogenomics, Ministry of Education, Changsha, China; National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Changsha, China
| | - Chaopeng Li
- Hunan Key Laboratory for Bioanalysis of Complex Matrix Samples, Changsha Duxact Biotech Co., Ltd., Changsha, China
| | - Yating Liu
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China; Hunan Key Laboratory of Pharmacogenetics, Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Central South University, Changsha, China; Engineering Research Center of Applied Technology of Pharmacogenomics, Ministry of Education, Changsha, China; National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Changsha, China
| | - Wenhui Liu
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China; Hunan Key Laboratory of Pharmacogenetics, Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Central South University, Changsha, China; Engineering Research Center of Applied Technology of Pharmacogenomics, Ministry of Education, Changsha, China; National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Changsha, China
| | - Yuwei Hu
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China; Hunan Key Laboratory of Pharmacogenetics, Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Central South University, Changsha, China; Engineering Research Center of Applied Technology of Pharmacogenomics, Ministry of Education, Changsha, China; National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Changsha, China
| | - Lulu Chen
- Hunan Key Laboratory for Bioanalysis of Complex Matrix Samples, Changsha Duxact Biotech Co., Ltd., Changsha, China
| | - Xinyi Huang
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China; Hunan Key Laboratory of Pharmacogenetics, Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Central South University, Changsha, China; Engineering Research Center of Applied Technology of Pharmacogenomics, Ministry of Education, Changsha, China; National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Changsha, China
| | - Ying Li
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China; Hunan Key Laboratory of Viral Hepatitis, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Kai Hu
- Department of Neurology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.
| | - Dongsheng Ouyang
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China; Hunan Key Laboratory for Bioanalysis of Complex Matrix Samples, Changsha Duxact Biotech Co., Ltd., Changsha, China; Hunan Key Laboratory of Pharmacogenetics, Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Central South University, Changsha, China; Engineering Research Center of Applied Technology of Pharmacogenomics, Ministry of Education, Changsha, China; National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Changsha, China.
| | - Tai Rao
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China; Hunan Key Laboratory of Pharmacogenetics, Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Central South University, Changsha, China; Engineering Research Center of Applied Technology of Pharmacogenomics, Ministry of Education, Changsha, China; National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Changsha, China.
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Mifsud NA, Illing PT, Ho R, Tuomisto JE, Fettke H, Mullan KA, McCluskey J, Rossjohn J, Vivian J, Reantragoon R, Purcell AW. The allopurinol metabolite, oxypurinol, drives oligoclonal expansions of drug-reactive T cells in resolved hypersensitivity cases and drug-naïve healthy donors. Allergy 2023; 78:2980-2993. [PMID: 37452515 PMCID: PMC10952278 DOI: 10.1111/all.15814] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2023] [Revised: 06/07/2023] [Accepted: 06/10/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023]
Abstract
Allopurinol (ALP) is a successful drug used in the treatment of gout. However, this drug has been implicated in hypersensitivity reactions that can cause severe to life-threatening reactions such as Stevens-Johnson syndrome (SJS) and toxic epidermal necrolysis (TEN). Individuals who carry the human leukocyte antigen (HLA)-B*58:01 allotype are at higher risk of experiencing a hypersensitivity reaction (odds ratios ranging from 5.62 to 580.3 for mild to severe reactions, respectively). In addition to the parent drug, the metabolite oxypurinol (OXP) is implicated in triggering T cell-mediated immunopathology via a labile interaction with HLA-B*58:01. To date, there has been limited information regarding the T-cell receptor (TCR) repertoire usage of reactive T cells in patients with ALP-induced SJS or TEN and, in particular, there are no reports examining paired αβTCRs. Here, using in vitro drug-treated PBMCs isolated from both resolved ALP-induced SJS/TEN cases and drug-naïve healthy donors, we show that OXP is the driver of CD8+ T cell-mediated responses and that drug-exposed memory T cells can exhibit a proinflammatory immunophenotype similar to T cells described during active disease. Furthermore, this response supported the pharmacological interaction with immune receptors (p-i) concept by showcasing (i) the labile metabolite interaction with peptide/HLA complexes, (ii) immunogenic complex formation at the cell surface, and (iii) lack of requirement for antigen processing to elicit drug-induced T cell responsiveness. Examination of paired OXP-induced αβTCR repertoires highlighted an oligoclonal and private clonotypic profile in both resolved ALP-induced SJS/TEN cases and drug-naïve healthy donors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicole A. Mifsud
- Infection and Immunity Program, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Biomedicine Discovery InstituteMonash UniversityClaytonVictoriaAustralia
| | - Patricia T. Illing
- Infection and Immunity Program, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Biomedicine Discovery InstituteMonash UniversityClaytonVictoriaAustralia
| | - Rebecca Ho
- Infection and Immunity Program, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Biomedicine Discovery InstituteMonash UniversityClaytonVictoriaAustralia
| | - Johanna E. Tuomisto
- Infection and Immunity Program, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Biomedicine Discovery InstituteMonash UniversityClaytonVictoriaAustralia
| | - Heidi Fettke
- Infection and Immunity Program, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Biomedicine Discovery InstituteMonash UniversityClaytonVictoriaAustralia
- Present address:
Cancer Research, Peter MacCallum Cancer CentreMelbourneVictoriaAustralia
- Present address:
Sir Peter MacCallum Department of OncologyUniversity of MelbourneMelbourneVictoriaAustralia
| | - Kerry A. Mullan
- Infection and Immunity Program, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Biomedicine Discovery InstituteMonash UniversityClaytonVictoriaAustralia
- Present address:
ADREM Data Lab, Department of Computer ScienceUniversity of AntwerpAntwerpBelgium
| | - James McCluskey
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and ImmunityUniversity of MelbourneParkvilleVictoriaAustralia
| | - Jamie Rossjohn
- Infection and Immunity Program, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Biomedicine Discovery InstituteMonash UniversityClaytonVictoriaAustralia
- Institute of Infection and ImmunityCardiff University School of MedicineCardiffUK
| | - Julian Vivian
- Infection and Immunity Program, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Biomedicine Discovery InstituteMonash UniversityClaytonVictoriaAustralia
- Present address:
St. Vincent's Institute of Medical ResearchFitzroyVictoriaAustralia
- Present address:
Department of MedicineThe University of MelbourneMelbourneVictoriaAustralia
| | - Rangsima Reantragoon
- Immunology Division, Department of Microbiology, Department of MicrobiologyChulalongkorn UniversityBangkokThailand
- Center of Excellence in Immunology and Immune‐mediated Disease, Faculty of MedicineChulalongkorn UniversityBangkokThailand
| | - Anthony W. Purcell
- Infection and Immunity Program, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Biomedicine Discovery InstituteMonash UniversityClaytonVictoriaAustralia
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3
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Lerner A, Benzvi C, Vojdani A. SARS-CoV-2 Gut-Targeted Epitopes: Sequence Similarity and Cross-Reactivity Join Together for Molecular Mimicry. Biomedicines 2023; 11:1937. [PMID: 37509576 PMCID: PMC10376948 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11071937] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2023] [Revised: 07/02/2023] [Accepted: 07/06/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
The gastrointestinal tract can be heavily infected by SARS-CoV-2. Being an auto-immunogenic virus, SARS-CoV-2 represents an environmental factor that might play a role in gut-associated autoimmune diseases. However, molecular mimicry between the virus and the intestinal epitopes is under-investigated. The present study aims to elucidate sequence similarity between viral antigens and human enteric sequences, based on known cross-reactivity. SARS-CoV-2 epitopes that cross-react with human gut antigens were explored, and sequence alignment was performed against self-antigens implicated in enteric autoimmune conditions. Experimental SARS-CoV-2 epitopes were aggregated from the Immune Epitope Database (IEDB), while enteric antigens were obtained from the UniProt Knowledgebase. A Pairwise Local Alignment tool, EMBOSS Matcher, was employed for the similarity search. Sequence similarity and targeted cross-reactivity were depicted between 10 pairs of immunoreactive epitopes. Similar pairs were found in four viral proteins and seven enteric antigens related to ulcerative colitis, primary biliary cholangitis, celiac disease, and autoimmune hepatitis. Antibodies made against the viral proteins that were cross-reactive with human gut antigens are involved in several essential cellular functions. The relationship and contribution of those intestinal cross-reactive epitopes to SARS-CoV-2 or its potential contribution to gut auto-immuno-genesis are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aaron Lerner
- Chaim Sheba Medical Center, The Zabludowicz Research Center for Autoimmune Diseases, Ramat Gan 52621, Israel
- Research Department, Ariel University, Ariel 40700, Israel
| | - Carina Benzvi
- Chaim Sheba Medical Center, The Zabludowicz Research Center for Autoimmune Diseases, Ramat Gan 52621, Israel
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Anand S, Littler DR, Mobbs JI, Braun A, Baker DG, Tennant L, Purcell AW, Vivian JP, Rossjohn J. Complimentary electrostatics dominate T Cell Receptor binding to a psoriasis-associated-peptide-antigen presented by Human Leukocyte Antigen (HLA) C*06:02. J Biol Chem 2023:104930. [PMID: 37330172 PMCID: PMC10371836 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2023.104930] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2023] [Revised: 06/05/2023] [Accepted: 06/13/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Psoriasis is a chronic skin disease characterised by hyperproliferative epidermal lesions infiltrated by autoreactive T cells. Individuals expressing the Human Leukocyte antigen (HLA) C*06:02 allele are at highest risk for developing psoriasis. An autoreactive T cell clone (termed Vα3S1/Vβ13S1) isolated from psoriatic plaques is selective for HLA-C*06:02-presenting a peptide derived from the melanocyte-specific auto-antigen ADAMTSL5 (VRSRRCLRL). Here we determine the crystal structure of this psoriatic TCR-HLA-C*06:02- ADAMTSL5 complex with a stabilised peptide. Docking of the TCR involves an extensive complementary charge network formed between negatively charged TCR residues interleaving with exposed arginine residues from the self-peptide and the HLA-C*06:02 α1 helix. We probed these interactions through mutagenesis and activation assays. The charged interface spans the polymorphic region of the C1/C2 HLA group. Notably the peptide binding groove of HLA C*06:02 appears exquisitely suited for presenting highly charged Arg-rich epitopes recognised by this acidic psoriatic TCR. Overall, we provide a structural basis for understanding engagement of melanocyte antigen-presenting cells by a TCR implicated in psoriasis, while simultaneously expanding our knowledge of how TCRs engage HLA-C.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sushma Anand
- Infection and Immunity Program & Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Clayton Victoria, Australia
| | - Dene R Littler
- Infection and Immunity Program & Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Clayton Victoria, Australia
| | - Jesse I Mobbs
- Infection and Immunity Program & Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Clayton Victoria, Australia
| | - Asolina Braun
- Infection and Immunity Program & Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Clayton Victoria, Australia
| | - Daniel G Baker
- Janssen Research & Development, LLC, Horsham, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Luke Tennant
- Infection and Immunity Program & Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Clayton Victoria, Australia
| | - Anthony W Purcell
- Infection and Immunity Program & Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Clayton Victoria, Australia
| | - Julian P Vivian
- Infection and Immunity Program & Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Clayton Victoria, Australia
| | - Jamie Rossjohn
- Infection and Immunity Program & Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Clayton Victoria, Australia; Institute of Infection and Immunity, Cardiff University, School of Medicine, Cardiff, UK.
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5
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Mullan KA, Zhang JB, Jones CM, Goh SJ, Revote J, Illing PT, Purcell AW, La Gruta NL, Li C, Mifsud NA. TCR_Explore: A novel webtool for T cell receptor repertoire analysis. Comput Struct Biotechnol J 2023; 21:1272-1282. [PMID: 36814721 PMCID: PMC9939424 DOI: 10.1016/j.csbj.2023.01.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2022] [Revised: 01/31/2023] [Accepted: 01/31/2023] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
T cells expressing either alpha-beta or gamma-delta T cell receptors (TCR) are critical sentinels of the adaptive immune system, with receptor diversity being essential for protective immunity against a broad array of pathogens and agents. Programs available to profile TCR clonotypic signatures can be limiting for users with no coding expertise. Current analytical pipelines can be inefficient due to manual processing steps, open to data entry errors and have multiple analytical tools with unique inputs that require coding expertise. Here we present a bespoke webtool designed for users irrespective of coding expertise, coined 'TCR_Explore', enabling analysis either derived via Sanger sequencing or next generation sequencing (NGS) platforms. Further, TCR_Explore incorporates automated quality control steps for Sanger sequencing. The creation of flexible and publication ready figures are enabled for different sequencing platforms following universal conversion to the TCR_Explore file format. TCR_Explore will enhance a user's capacity to undertake in-depth TCR repertoire analysis of both new and pre-existing datasets for identification of T cell clonotypes associated with health and disease. The web application is located at https://tcr-explore.erc.monash.edu for users to interactively explore TCR repertoire datasets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kerry A. Mullan
- Biomedicine Discovery Institute and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC 3800, Australia,Corresponding authors.
| | - Justin B. Zhang
- Biomedicine Discovery Institute and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC 3800, Australia
| | - Claerwen M. Jones
- Biomedicine Discovery Institute and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC 3800, Australia
| | - Shawn J.R. Goh
- Biomedicine Discovery Institute and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC 3800, Australia
| | - Jerico Revote
- Monash eResearch Centre, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC 3800, Australia
| | - Patricia T. Illing
- Biomedicine Discovery Institute and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC 3800, Australia
| | - Anthony W. Purcell
- Biomedicine Discovery Institute and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC 3800, Australia
| | - Nicole L. La Gruta
- Biomedicine Discovery Institute and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC 3800, Australia
| | - Chen Li
- Biomedicine Discovery Institute and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC 3800, Australia
| | - Nicole A. Mifsud
- Biomedicine Discovery Institute and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC 3800, Australia,Corresponding authors.
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Hendawi EK, Khabour OF, Al-Eitan LN, Alzoubi KH. Reduction of Genotoxicity of Carbamazepine to Human Lymphocytes by Pre-treatment with Vitamin B12. Curr Mol Pharmacol 2023; 16:228-233. [PMID: 35450538 DOI: 10.2174/1874467215666220420135924] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2021] [Revised: 02/11/2022] [Accepted: 03/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Carbamazepine (CBZ) is widely used as an anti-epileptic drug. Vitamin B12 has been shown to protect against DNA damage caused by several mutagenic agents. OBJECTIVE This study aimed to investigate the effect of vitamin B12 on CBZ-induced genotoxicity in cultured human lymphocytes. METHODS Sister chromatid exchanges (SCEs) and chromosomal aberrations (CAs) genotoxic assays were utilized to achieve the study objective. RESULTS The results showed significantly higher frequencies of CAs and SCEs in the CBZ-treated cultures (12 μg/mL) compared to the control group (P<0.01). The genotoxic effects of CBZ were reduced by pre-treatment of cultures with vitamin B12 (13.5μg/ml, P<0.05). Neither CBZ nor vitamin B-12 showed any effects on mitotic and proliferative indices. CONCLUSION CBZ is genotoxic to lymphocyte cells, and this genotoxicity can be reduced by vitamin B12.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eman K Hendawi
- Department of Applied Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid 22110, Jordan
| | - Omar F Khabour
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid 22110, Jordan
| | - Laith N Al-Eitan
- Department of Applied Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid 22110, Jordan
| | - Karem H Alzoubi
- Department of Pharmacy Practice and Pharmacotherapeutics, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, UAE
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, Jordan
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Thomson P, Hammond S, Naisbitt DJ. Pathology of drug hypersensitivity reactions and mechanisms of immune tolerance. Clin Exp Allergy 2022; 52:1379-1390. [PMID: 36177544 DOI: 10.1111/cea.14235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2022] [Revised: 09/08/2022] [Accepted: 09/25/2022] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Immune-mediated type IV adverse drug reactions are idiosyncratic in nature, generally not related to the primary or secondary pharmacology of the drug. Due to their complex nature and rarity, these iatrogenic reactions are seldom predicted or encountered during preclinical/early clinical development stages, and often precipitate upon exposure to wider populations (i.e. phase III onwards). They confer a burden on the healthcare sector in both a clinical and financial sense presenting a severe impediment to the drug discovery and development process. Research over the past 50 years has improved our understanding of these reactions markedly as both in vitro and in vivo studies have placed the role of the immune system, in particular; drug-responsive T cells, firmly in the spotlight as the mediators of these reactions. Indeed, the role of different populations of T cells in adverse events and the interaction of drug molecules with HLA proteins expressed on the surface of antigen-presenting cells is of considerable interest. Herein, this review examines the pathways of immune-mediated adverse events including the various T cell subtypes implicated and the mechanisms of T cell activation. Additionally, we address the enigma of immunological tolerance and explore the role tolerance plays in determination of susceptibility to such adverse events even in individuals carrying immunogenic liabilities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul Thomson
- Department of Molecular and Clinical Pharmacology, MRC Centre for Drug Safety Science, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - Sean Hammond
- Department of Molecular and Clinical Pharmacology, MRC Centre for Drug Safety Science, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK.,ApconiX, Alderley Park, Alderley Edge, UK
| | - Dean J Naisbitt
- Department of Molecular and Clinical Pharmacology, MRC Centre for Drug Safety Science, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
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8
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Hernandez-Jaimes OA, Cazares-Olvera DV, Line J, Moreno-Eutimio MA, Gómez-Castro CZ, Naisbitt DJ, Castrejón-Flores JL. Advances in Our Understanding of the Interaction of Drugs with T-cells: Implications for the Discovery of Biomarkers in Severe Cutaneous Drug Reactions. Chem Res Toxicol 2022; 35:1162-1183. [PMID: 35704769 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrestox.1c00434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Drugs can activate different cells of the immune system and initiate an immune response that can lead to life-threatening diseases collectively known as severe cutaneous adverse reactions (SCARs). Antibiotics, anticonvulsants, and antiretrovirals are involved in the development of SCARs by the activation of αβ naïve T-cells. However, other subsets of lymphocytes known as nonconventional T-cells with a limited T-cell receptor repertoire and innate and adaptative functions also recognize drugs and drug-like molecules, but their role in the pathogenesis of SCARs has only just begun to be explored. Despite 30 years of advances in our understanding of the mechanisms in which drugs interact with T-cells and the pathways for tissue injury seen during T-cell activation, at present, the development of useful clinical biomarkers for SCARs or predictive preclinical in vitro assays that could identify immunogenic moieties during drug discovery is an unmet goal. Therefore, the present review focuses on (i) advances in the understanding of the pathogenesis of SCARs reactions, (ii) a description of the interaction of drugs with conventional and nonconventional T-cells, and (iii) the current state of soluble blood circulating biomarker candidates for SCARs.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Diana Valeria Cazares-Olvera
- Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Unidad Profesional Interdisciplinaria de Biotecnología, México City 07340, México
| | - James Line
- MRC Centre for Drug Safety Science, Department of Pharmacology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 3GE, United Kingdom
| | | | | | - Dean J Naisbitt
- MRC Centre for Drug Safety Science, Department of Pharmacology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 3GE, United Kingdom
| | - José Luis Castrejón-Flores
- Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Unidad Profesional Interdisciplinaria de Biotecnología, México City 07340, México
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Hensen L, Illing PT, Rowntree LC, Davies J, Miller A, Tong SYC, Habel JR, van de Sandt CE, Flanagan K, Purcell AW, Kedzierska K, Clemens EB. T Cell Epitope Discovery in the Context of Distinct and Unique Indigenous HLA Profiles. Front Immunol 2022; 13:812393. [PMID: 35603215 PMCID: PMC9121770 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.812393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2021] [Accepted: 03/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
CD8+ T cells are a pivotal part of the immune response to viruses, playing a key role in disease outcome and providing long-lasting immunity to conserved pathogen epitopes. Understanding CD8+ T cell immunity in humans is complex due to CD8+ T cell restriction by highly polymorphic Human Leukocyte Antigen (HLA) proteins, requiring T cell epitopes to be defined for different HLA allotypes across different ethnicities. Here we evaluate strategies that have been developed to facilitate epitope identification and study immunogenic T cell responses. We describe an immunopeptidomics approach to sequence HLA-bound peptides presented on virus-infected cells by liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). Using antigen presenting cell lines that stably express the HLA alleles characteristic of Indigenous Australians, this approach has been successfully used to comprehensively identify influenza-specific CD8+ T cell epitopes restricted by HLA allotypes predominant in Indigenous Australians, including HLA-A*24:02 and HLA-A*11:01. This is an essential step in ensuring high vaccine coverage and efficacy in Indigenous populations globally, known to be at high risk from influenza disease and other respiratory infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luca Hensen
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Melbourne, at the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Patricia T. Illing
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology & Infection and Immunity Program, Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia
| | - Louise C. Rowntree
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Melbourne, at the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Jane Davies
- Menzies School of Health Research, Darwin, NT, Australia
| | - Adrian Miller
- Indigenous Engagement, CQUniversity, Townsville, QLD, Australia
| | - Steven Y. C. Tong
- Menzies School of Health Research, Darwin, NT, Australia
- Victorian Infectious Diseases Service, The Royal Melbourne Hospital at the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The University of Melbourne at the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Jennifer R. Habel
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Melbourne, at the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Carolien E. van de Sandt
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Melbourne, at the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Parkville, VIC, Australia
- Department of Hematopoiesis, Sanquin Research and Landsteiner Laboratory, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Katie L. Flanagan
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Tasmanian Vaccine Trial Centre, Launceston General Hospital, Launceston, TAS, Australia
- School of Health Sciences and School of Medicine, University of Tasmania, Launceston, TAS, Australia
- Department of Immunology and Pathology, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- School of Health and Biomedical Science, RMIT University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Anthony W. Purcell
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology & Infection and Immunity Program, Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia
| | - Katherine Kedzierska
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Melbourne, at the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Parkville, VIC, Australia
- *Correspondence: Katherine Kedzierska,
| | - E. Bridie Clemens
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Melbourne, at the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Parkville, VIC, Australia
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