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Song S, Zhang X, Cui L, Wang Y, Tian X, Wang K, Ji K. Mechanisms of lipopolysaccharide protection in tumor drug-induced macrophage damage. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 266:131006. [PMID: 38522696 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.131006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2023] [Revised: 03/04/2024] [Accepted: 03/17/2024] [Indexed: 03/26/2024]
Abstract
Malignant tumors contribute significantly to human mortality. Chemotherapy is a commonly used treatment for tumors. However, due to the low selectivity of chemotherapeutic drugs, immune cells can be damaged during antitumor treatment, resulting in toxicity. Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) can stimulate immune cells to respond to foreign substances. Here, we found that 10 ng/mL LPS could induce tolerance to antitumor drugs in macrophages without altering the effect of the drugs on tumor cells. Differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified between cells before and after LPS administration using transcriptome sequencing and found to be mainly associated with ATP-binding cassette (ABC)-resistant transporters and glutathione S-transferase (GST). LPS was shown by qRT-PCR and western blotting to promote the expression of ABCC1, GSTT1, and GSTP1 by 38.3 %, 194.8 %, and 27.0 %. Furthermore, three inhibitors (inhibitors of GST, glutathione synthesis, and ABCC1) were used for further investigation, showing that these inhibitors reduced macrophage survival rates by 44.0 %, 52.3 %, and 43.3 %, while the intracellular adriamycin content increased by 28.9 %, 42.9 %, and 51.3 %, respectively. These findings suggest that the protective mechanism of LPS on macrophages is associated with increased GST activity, the consumption of glutathione, and increased expression of ABCC1 protein. Therefore, LPS has a potential role in enhancing immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuliang Song
- Marine College, Shandong University, Weihai, Shandong 264209, China.
| | - Xiao Zhang
- Marine College, Shandong University, Weihai, Shandong 264209, China.
| | - Lei Cui
- Pharmacy Department, Yellow Sea Road Street Community Health Service Center, YanTai, Shandong, 264000, China
| | - Yan Wang
- Marine College, Shandong University, Weihai, Shandong 264209, China.
| | - Xiao Tian
- Marine College, Shandong University, Weihai, Shandong 264209, China.
| | - Ke Wang
- Pharmacy Department, Heping Hospital Affiliated to Changzhi Medical College, Changzhi 046500, China.
| | - Kai Ji
- Department of Plastic Surgery, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing 100029, China.
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Miyasaka H, Koga A, Maki TA. Recent progress in the use of purple non-sulfur bacteria as probiotics in aquaculture. World J Microbiol Biotechnol 2023; 39:145. [PMID: 37014486 DOI: 10.1007/s11274-023-03592-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2023] [Accepted: 03/23/2023] [Indexed: 04/05/2023]
Abstract
The use of probiotics in aquaculture is widely recognized as an ecological and cost-effective approach to raising healthy, pathogen-tolerant aquatic animals, including fish and shrimp. In particular for shrimp, probiotics are viewed as a promising countermeasure to the recent severe damage to the shrimp industry by bacterial and viral pathogens. Purple non-sulfur bacteria (PNSB) are Gram-negative, non-pathogenic bacteria with wide application potential in agriculture, wastewater treatment, and bioenergy/biomaterials production. In aquaculture, lactic bacteria and Bacillus are the major probiotic bacteria used, but PNSB, like Rhodopseudomonas and Rhodobacter, are also used. In this review, we summarize the previous work on the use of PNSB in aquaculture, overview the previous studies on the stimulation of innate immunity of shrimp by various probiotic microorganisms, and also share our results in the probiotic performance of Rhodovulum sulfidophilum KKMI01, a marine PNSB, which showed a superior effect in promotion of growth and stimulation of immunity in shrimp at a quite low concentration of 1 × 103 cfu (colony forming unit)/ml in rearing water.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hitoshi Miyasaka
- Department of Applied Life Science, Sojo University, 4-22-1 Ikeda, Nishiku, Kumamoto, 860-0082, Japan.
- Ciamo Co. Ltd., G-2F Sojo University, 4-22-1 Ikeda, Nishiku, Kumamoto, 860-0082, Japan.
- Matsumoto Institute of Microorganisms Co. Ltd, 2904 Niimura, Matsumoto, Nagano, 390-1241, Japan.
| | - Aoi Koga
- Department of Applied Life Science, Sojo University, 4-22-1 Ikeda, Nishiku, Kumamoto, 860-0082, Japan
- Ciamo Co. Ltd., G-2F Sojo University, 4-22-1 Ikeda, Nishiku, Kumamoto, 860-0082, Japan
- Matsumoto Institute of Microorganisms Co. Ltd, 2904 Niimura, Matsumoto, Nagano, 390-1241, Japan
| | - Taka-Aki Maki
- Department of Applied Life Science, Sojo University, 4-22-1 Ikeda, Nishiku, Kumamoto, 860-0082, Japan
- Ciamo Co. Ltd., G-2F Sojo University, 4-22-1 Ikeda, Nishiku, Kumamoto, 860-0082, Japan
- Matsumoto Institute of Microorganisms Co. Ltd, 2904 Niimura, Matsumoto, Nagano, 390-1241, Japan
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3
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Farooqi AA, Rakhmetova V, Kapanova G, Mussakhanova A, Tashenova G, Tulebayeva A, Akhenbekova A, Xu B. Suppressive effects of bioactive herbal polysaccharides against different cancers: From mechanisms to translational advancements. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2023; 110:154624. [PMID: 36584608 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2022.154624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2022] [Revised: 12/16/2022] [Accepted: 12/23/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Fueled by rapidly evolving comprehension of multifaceted nature of cancers, recently emerging preclinical and clinical data have supported researchers in the resolution of knowledge gaps to deepen the understanding of the molecular mechanisms. The extra-ordinary and bewildering chemical diversity encompassed by biologically active natural products continues to be of relevance to drug discovery. Accumulating evidence has spurred a remarkable evolution of concepts related to pharmacological target of oncogenic signaling pathways by polysaccharides in different cancers. PURPOSE The objective of the current review is to provide new insights into study progress on anticancer effects of bioactive herbal polysaccharides. METHODS PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, Embase, and other databases were searched for articles related to anticancer effects of polysaccharides. Searches were conducted to locate relevant publications published up to October 2022. RESULTS Polysaccharides have been reported to pleiotropically modulate TGF/SMAD, BMP/SMAD, TLR4, mTOR, CXCR4 and VEGF/VEGFR cascades. We have also summarized how different polysaccharides regulated apoptosis and non-coding RNAs. Additionally, this mini-review describes increasingly sophisticated understanding related to polysaccharides mediated tumor suppressive and anti-metastatic effects in tumor-bearing mice. We have also provided an overview of the clinical trials related to chemopreventive role of polysaccharides. CONCLUSION Genomic and proteomic findings from these studies will facilitate 'next-generation' clinical initiatives in the prevention/inhibition of cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Gulnara Kapanova
- Al-Farabi Kazakh National University, 71 al-Farabi Ave, Almaty 050040, Kazakhstan; Scientific Center of Anti-infectious Drugs, 75 a al-Faraby Ave, Almaty 050040, Kazakhstan
| | - Akmaral Mussakhanova
- Department of Public Health and Management, Astana Medical University, Astana, Kazakhstan
| | - Gulnara Tashenova
- Asfendiyarov Kazakh National Medical University, Kazakhstan; JSC "Scientific Center of Pediatrics and Pediatric Surgery", Kazakhstan
| | | | | | - Baojun Xu
- Food Science and Technology Program, Department of Life Sciences, BNU-HKBU United International College, 2000, Jintong Road, Tangjiawan, Zhuhai, Guangdong 519087, China.
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Zhao Z, Li Y, Chi F, Ma L, Li Y, Hou Z, Wang Q. Sevoflurane postconditioning ameliorates cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury in rats via TLR4/MyD88/TRAF6 signaling pathway. Aging (Albany NY) 2022; 14:10153-10170. [PMID: 36585924 PMCID: PMC9831726 DOI: 10.18632/aging.204461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2022] [Accepted: 12/22/2022] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
To determine whether sevoflurane postconditioning protects against cerebral ischemia reperfusion (I/R) injury and its potential mechanism, we employed bioinformatic analysis, neurological assessments, and western blot analysis, as well as triphenyl tetrazolium chloride, hematoxylin and eosin, Nissl, and immunofluorescence staining. We identified 103 differentially expressed genes induced by cerebral I/R, including 75 upregulated genes and 28 downregulated genes enriched for certain biological processes (involving regulation of inflammatory responses, cellular responses to interleukin 1, and chemokine activity) and signaling pathways (such as transcriptional misregulation in cancer, interleukin-17 signaling, rheumatoid arthritis, MAPK signaling, and Toll-like receptor signaling). As a typical path in Toll-like receptor signaling pathway, in the current study, we investigated the protective effect of sevoflurane postconditioning in cerebral I/R rats and further explore the role of TLR4/MyD88/TRAF6 signaling pathway in it. The results showed cerebral I/R-induced neurological deficits were comparatively less severe following sevoflurane postconditioning. In addition, TLR4/MyD88/TRAF6 signaling pathway-related proteins and neuropathic damage were ameliorated in aged rats following sevoflurane postconditioning, while the TLR4 agonist lipopolysaccharide aggravated these changes. Together, these findings suggest that sevoflurane postconditioning ameliorates cerebral I/R injury by a mechanism involving inhibition of the TLR4/MyD88/TRAF6 signaling pathway to suppress neuroinflammatory responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zijun Zhao
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Third Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang 050051, Hebei, China,Department of Anesthesiology, Hebei Provincial Chest Hospital, Shijiazhuang 050047, Hebei, China
| | - Yishuai Li
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Hebei Provincial Chest Hospital, Shijiazhuang 050047, Hebei, China
| | - Fei Chi
- Department of Oncology, Hebei Provincial Chest Hospital, Shijiazhuang 050047, Hebei, China
| | - Li Ma
- Surgical Department of Clinical Medicine, Shijiazhuang People’s Medical College, Shijiazhuang 050091, Hebei, China
| | - Yanan Li
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Third Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang 050051, Hebei, China
| | - Zhiyong Hou
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Third Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang 050051, Hebei, China
| | - Qiujun Wang
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Third Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang 050051, Hebei, China
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Ma G, Ding Y, Wu Q, Zhang J, Liu M, Wang Z, Wang Z, Wu S, Yang X, Li Y, Wei X, Wang J. Yersinia enterocolitica-Derived Outer Membrane Vesicles Inhibit Initial Stage of Biofilm Formation. Microorganisms 2022; 10:microorganisms10122357. [PMID: 36557609 PMCID: PMC9786825 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms10122357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2022] [Revised: 11/10/2022] [Accepted: 11/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Yersinia enterocolitica (Y. enterocolitica) is an important food-borne and zoonotic pathogen. It can form biofilm on the surface of food, increasing the risk to food safety. Generally, outer membrane vesicles (OMVs) are spherical nanostructures secreted by Gram-negative bacteria during growth. They play a role in biological processes because they contain biologically active molecules. Several studies have reported that OMVs secreted by various bacteria are associated with the formation of biofilms. However, the interactions between Y. enterocolitica OMVs and biofilm are unknown. This study aims to investigate the effect of Y. enterocolitica OMVs on biofilm formation. Firstly, OMVs were extracted from Y. enterocolitica Y1083, which has a strong biofilm-forming ability, at 15 °C, 28 °C and 37 °C and then characterized. The characterization results showed differences in the yield and protein content of three types of OMVs. Next, by co-culturing the OMVs with Y. enterocolitica, it was observed that the OMVs inhibited the initial stage of Y. enterocolitica biofilm formation but did not affect the growth of Y. enterocolitica. Furthermore, biofilm formation by Salmonella enteritidis and Staphylococcus aureus were also inhibited by OMVs. Subsequently, it was proved that lipopolysaccharides (LPS) in OMVs inhibited biofilm formation., The proteins, DNA or RNA in OMVs could not inhibit biofilm formation. Bacterial motility and the expression of the biofilm-related genes pgaABC, motB and flhBD were inhibited by LPS. LPS demonstrated good anti-biofilm activity against various bacteria. This study provides a new approach to the prevention and control of pathogenic bacterial biofilm.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guoxiang Ma
- College of Food Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiomics and Precision Application, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Safety and Health, State Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology Southern China, Institute of Microbiology, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510070, China
| | - Yu Ding
- Department of Food Science and Engineering, Institute of Food Safety and Nutrition, College of Science & Engineering, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Qingping Wu
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiomics and Precision Application, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Safety and Health, State Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology Southern China, Institute of Microbiology, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510070, China
| | - Jumei Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiomics and Precision Application, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Safety and Health, State Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology Southern China, Institute of Microbiology, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510070, China
| | - Ming Liu
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiomics and Precision Application, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Safety and Health, State Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology Southern China, Institute of Microbiology, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510070, China
| | - Zhi Wang
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiomics and Precision Application, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Safety and Health, State Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology Southern China, Institute of Microbiology, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510070, China
| | - Zimeng Wang
- College of Food Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiomics and Precision Application, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Safety and Health, State Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology Southern China, Institute of Microbiology, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510070, China
| | - Shi Wu
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiomics and Precision Application, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Safety and Health, State Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology Southern China, Institute of Microbiology, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510070, China
| | - Xiaojuan Yang
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiomics and Precision Application, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Safety and Health, State Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology Southern China, Institute of Microbiology, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510070, China
| | - Ying Li
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiomics and Precision Application, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Safety and Health, State Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology Southern China, Institute of Microbiology, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510070, China
| | - Xianhu Wei
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiomics and Precision Application, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Safety and Health, State Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology Southern China, Institute of Microbiology, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510070, China
| | - Juan Wang
- College of Food Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
- Correspondence:
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Li MZ, Wen XY, Liu XQ, Wang YQ, Yan L. LPS-Induced Activation of the cGAS-STING Pathway is Regulated by Mitochondrial Dysfunction and Mitochondrial DNA Leakage in Endometritis. J Inflamm Res 2022; 15:5707-5720. [PMID: 36238763 PMCID: PMC9550576 DOI: 10.2147/jir.s374318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2022] [Accepted: 09/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Chronic endometritis is a common disease in women of childbearing age and can cause pelvic inflammatory disease. The cGAS-STING pathway plays an important role in many inflammatory diseases. Purpose The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between the cGAS-STING pathway and endometritis. Methods We collected endometrium samples from patients with endometritis to detect changes in the cGAS-STING pathway. In vitro, human endometrial stromal cells (HESC) were stimulated with lipopolysaccharide (LPS), and a mouse STING gene-knockout model was established by CRISPR/cas9 for STING to further explore the mechanism underlying its effects in endometritis. We used Western blotting (WB) and immunohistochemical staining to detect the variations in protein levels and real-time PCR to study the variations in gene expression. Results We observed the activation of the cGAS-STING pathway and an increase in the expression of cytokine-encoding genes, including IL-8, IL-6, IL-1β, and IFN-β1, in endometrial tissues of patients with endometritis. Stimulation of HESCs using LPS demonstrated increase in the expression of proteins involved the cGAS-STING pathway and the gene expression of inflammatory cytokines. STING-knockdown experiments demonstrated a decrease in the gene expression levels of inflammatory cytokines. Moreover, we also identified the translocation of IRF3 and STING after LPS stimulation. Regarding mitochondrial function, LPS led to an increase in reactive oxygen species levels and a reduction in mitochondrial membrane potential. However, we observed that the mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) leaked into the cytoplasm, upregulating the levels of proteins involved in the cGAS-STING pathway upon LPS stimulation. Furthermore, our results showed that LPS induced hyperemia, inflammatory factor production, and expression of Pho-TBK1 in wild-type mice compared with the levels in control mice, and STING gene-knockdown alleviated these effects. Conclusion LPS induces mitochondrial dysfunction in endometrial stromal cells, resulting in mtDNA leakage and promoting endometritis by stimulating the cGAS-STING pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mu-zi Li
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, People’s Republic of China,Key Laboratory of Reproductive Endocrinology of Ministry of Education, Shandong University, Jinan, People’s Republic of China,Shandong Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Jinan, People’s Republic of China,Medical Integration and Practice Center, Shandong University, Jinan, People’s Republic of China,Reproductive Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiao-yang Wen
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, People’s Republic of China,Key Laboratory of Reproductive Endocrinology of Ministry of Education, Shandong University, Jinan, People’s Republic of China,Shandong Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Jinan, People’s Republic of China,Medical Integration and Practice Center, Shandong University, Jinan, People’s Republic of China,Reproductive Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiao-qiang Liu
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, People’s Republic of China,Key Laboratory of Reproductive Endocrinology of Ministry of Education, Shandong University, Jinan, People’s Republic of China,Shandong Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Jinan, People’s Republic of China,Medical Integration and Practice Center, Shandong University, Jinan, People’s Republic of China,Reproductive Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, People’s Republic of China,Reproductive Medicine Center, Qingdao Women and Children’s Hospital, Qingdao, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yu-qing Wang
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, People’s Republic of China,Key Laboratory of Reproductive Endocrinology of Ministry of Education, Shandong University, Jinan, People’s Republic of China,Shandong Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Jinan, People’s Republic of China,Medical Integration and Practice Center, Shandong University, Jinan, People’s Republic of China,Reproductive Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, People’s Republic of China
| | - Lei Yan
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, People’s Republic of China,Key Laboratory of Reproductive Endocrinology of Ministry of Education, Shandong University, Jinan, People’s Republic of China,Shandong Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Jinan, People’s Republic of China,Medical Integration and Practice Center, Shandong University, Jinan, People’s Republic of China,Reproductive Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, People’s Republic of China,Correspondence: Lei Yan, Email
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Activation of Inflammatory Networks in the Lungs Caused by Chronic Cold Stress Is Moderately Attenuated by Glucose Supplementation. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms231810697. [PMID: 36142633 PMCID: PMC9501069 DOI: 10.3390/ijms231810697] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2022] [Revised: 09/08/2022] [Accepted: 09/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Mammals that live in cold climates endure months of exposure to low temperature in the winter. The incidence of respiratory diseases has increased. The goal of this study was to investigate the effects of chronic cold stress on lung inflammatory networks, apoptosis, and mitochondrial function via Yorkshire pig models, as well as the ameliorative effect of glucose as energy supplements. Here, two trials were conducted (chronic cold stress and glucose supplementation). The results showed that chronic cold stress induced obvious inflammatory cell infiltration in the lungs and damaged the lung tissue structure. Compared with the Y-Con group, the expression of toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4), myeloid differentiation primary response 88 (MyD88), high mobility group box 1 (HMGB1), nucleotide-binding domain, and leucine-rich repeat protein 3 (NLRP3), IL-1β, IL-2, IL-6, and IFN-γ in the lungs of the Y-CS group was enhanced by chronic cold stress (p < 0.05). Moreover, chronic cold stress promoted the expression of the Bax and Mfn2 in lungs of Y-CS group (p < 0.05). Interestingly, dietary glucose supplementation significantly reduced inflammatory cell infiltration in the lungs. Moreover, glucose supplementation inhibited the expression of TLR4, MyD88, HMGB1, NLRP3, IL-1β, IL-2, IL-6, IFN-γ, and Bax during chronic cold stress. In conclusion, chronic cold stress promoted inflammatory networks, apoptosis, and mitochondrial fusion in the lungs. Dietary glucose supplementation inhibited the inflammatory network during chronic cold stress.
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Ishiguro S, Roth M, Welti R, Loyd M, Thakkar R, Phillips M, Robben N, Upreti D, Nakashima A, Suzuki K, Comer J, Tamura M. A Water Extract from Chlorella sorokiniana Cell Walls Stimulates Growth of Bone Marrow Cells and Splenocytes. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14142901. [PMID: 35889858 PMCID: PMC9322350 DOI: 10.3390/nu14142901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2022] [Revised: 07/11/2022] [Accepted: 07/13/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
A water extract derived from the isolated cell walls of Chlorella sorokiniana (C. sorokiniana, Chlorella water extract, CWE) was analyzed for the presence of lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-related material via the Limulus amebocyte lysate (LAL) assay and evaluated for its growth stimulation effect on the bone marrow cells and splenocytes in vitro cell cultures. The extract contained low levels of LPS-related material, and a mass spectrum suggested that the extract contained many components, including a low level of a lipid A precursor, a compound known as lipid X, which is known to elicit a positive response in the LAL assay. Treatment with the CWE dose- and time-dependently stimulated the growth of mouse bone marrow cells (BMCs) and splenocytes (SPLs). Treatment with the CWE also increased specific BMC subpopulations, including antigen-presenting cells (CD19+ B cells, 33D1+ dendritic cells and CD68+ macrophages), and CD4+ and CD8+ T cells, but decreased the number of LY6G+ granulocytes. Treatment with the CWE also increased cytokine mRNA associated with T cell activation, including TNFα, IFNγ, and granzyme B in human lymphoblasts. The present study indicates that the cell wall fraction of C.sorokiniana contains an LPS-like material and suggests a candidate source for the bioactivity that stimulates growth of both innate and adaptive immune cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susumu Ishiguro
- Department of Anatomy & Physiology, Kansas State University College of Veterinary Medicine, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA; (S.I.); (M.L.); (R.T.); (M.P.); (N.R.); (D.U.); (J.C.)
| | - Mary Roth
- Division of Biology, Kansas Lipidomics Research Center, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA; (M.R.); (R.W.)
| | - Ruth Welti
- Division of Biology, Kansas Lipidomics Research Center, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA; (M.R.); (R.W.)
| | - Mayme Loyd
- Department of Anatomy & Physiology, Kansas State University College of Veterinary Medicine, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA; (S.I.); (M.L.); (R.T.); (M.P.); (N.R.); (D.U.); (J.C.)
| | - Ravindra Thakkar
- Department of Anatomy & Physiology, Kansas State University College of Veterinary Medicine, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA; (S.I.); (M.L.); (R.T.); (M.P.); (N.R.); (D.U.); (J.C.)
| | - Morgan Phillips
- Department of Anatomy & Physiology, Kansas State University College of Veterinary Medicine, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA; (S.I.); (M.L.); (R.T.); (M.P.); (N.R.); (D.U.); (J.C.)
| | - Nicole Robben
- Department of Anatomy & Physiology, Kansas State University College of Veterinary Medicine, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA; (S.I.); (M.L.); (R.T.); (M.P.); (N.R.); (D.U.); (J.C.)
| | - Deepa Upreti
- Department of Anatomy & Physiology, Kansas State University College of Veterinary Medicine, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA; (S.I.); (M.L.); (R.T.); (M.P.); (N.R.); (D.U.); (J.C.)
| | - Ayaka Nakashima
- Euglena Co., Ltd., Minato-ku, Tokyo 108-0014, Japan; (A.N.); (K.S.)
| | - Kengo Suzuki
- Euglena Co., Ltd., Minato-ku, Tokyo 108-0014, Japan; (A.N.); (K.S.)
| | - Jeffrey Comer
- Department of Anatomy & Physiology, Kansas State University College of Veterinary Medicine, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA; (S.I.); (M.L.); (R.T.); (M.P.); (N.R.); (D.U.); (J.C.)
| | - Masaaki Tamura
- Department of Anatomy & Physiology, Kansas State University College of Veterinary Medicine, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA; (S.I.); (M.L.); (R.T.); (M.P.); (N.R.); (D.U.); (J.C.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-(785)-532-4825; Fax: +1-(785)-532-4557
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Genome Sequence and Characterization of a Xanthorhodopsin-Containing, Aerobic Anoxygenic Phototrophic Rhodobacter Species, Isolated from Mesophilic Conditions at Yellowstone National Park. Microorganisms 2022; 10:microorganisms10061169. [PMID: 35744687 PMCID: PMC9231093 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms10061169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2022] [Revised: 06/02/2022] [Accepted: 06/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The genus Rhodobacter consists of purple nonsulfur photosynthetic alphaproteobacteria known for their diverse metabolic capabilities. Here, we report the genome sequence and initial characterization of a novel Rhodobacter species, strain M37P, isolated from Mushroom hot spring runoff in Yellowstone National Park at 37 °C. Genome-based analyses and initial growth characteristics helped to define the differentiating characteristics of this species and identified it as an aerobic anoxygenic phototroph (AAP). This is the first AAP identified in the genus Rhodobacter. Strain M37P has a pinkish-red pigmentation that is present under aerobic dark conditions but disappears under light incubation. Whole genome-based analysis and average nucleotide identity (ANI) comparison indicate that strain M37P belongs to a specific clade of recently identified species that are genetically and physiologically unique from other representative Rhodobacter species. The genome encodes a unique xanthorhodopsin, not found in any other Rhodobacter species, which may be responsible for the pinkish-red pigmentation. These analyses indicates that strain M37P is a unique species that is well-adapted to optimized growth in the Yellowstone hot spring runoff, for which we propose the name Rhodobacter calidifons sp. nov.
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