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Li Q, Zhou L, Xia D, Wang J. Rheumatoid arthritis reduces the risk of colorectal cancer through immune inflammation mediation. J Cell Mol Med 2024; 28:e18515. [PMID: 38961677 PMCID: PMC11222658 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.18515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2024] [Revised: 04/19/2024] [Accepted: 06/19/2024] [Indexed: 07/05/2024] Open
Abstract
There is a close relationship between immune-mediated inflammation and cancer, and there is still controversy over whether rheumatoid arthritis (RA) increases the risk of malignancy. We first used Mendelian randomization (MR) analysis to explore the potential causal relationship between RA and pan-cancer. And verify the effect of immune-mediated inflammation on cancer through intermediate MR analysis. Then we extracted the standardized incidence rate of malignancy in RA patients relative to the general population through large-scale meta-analysis. Finally, we performed pan-cancer analysis on the RA related genes obtained from MR analysis. And perform immune related analysis on key genes to reveal the association between RA and malignancy. The MR analysis demonstrated a negative correlation between RA and pan-cancer (p = 0.008). Autoimmune traits were the main mediating variable for the causal relationship between RA and pan-cancer. Based on the results of the meta-analysis, we validated that RA reduces the risk of developing colorectal cancer (SIR = 0.69, 95% CI 0.53-0.85). Pan-cancer analysis also showed that high expression of RA related genes was negatively correlated with colon adenocarcinoma. IL6R was the gene with the highest correlation among them, and its correlation with immune cells was higher in colorectal cancer than in other malignancy. Our MR study provides evidence that RA was associated with reduced risk of colorectal cancer. This effect is caused by immune-mediated inflammation, with IL6R being a key regulatory gene.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qifan Li
- Department of OrthopaedicsThe Affiliated Suqian First People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical UniversitySuqianChina
| | - Liang Zhou
- Department of OrthopaedicLianshui county People's HospitalHuai'anChina
| | - Dan Xia
- Department of RespiratoryThe Affiliated Wuxi Fifth Hospital of Jiangnan UniversityWuxiChina
| | - Jiaqian Wang
- Department of OrthopaedicZhongshan Hospital, Fudan UniversityShanghaiChina
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2
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Xiao Y, Yi Y, Jing D, Yang S, Guo Y, Xiao H, Kuang Y, Zhu W, Zhao J, Li Y, Liu H, Li J, Chen X, Shen M. Age at Natural Menopause, Reproductive Lifespan, and the Risk of Late-Onset Psoriasis and Psoriatic Arthritis in Women: A Prospective Cohort Study. J Invest Dermatol 2024; 144:1273-1281.e5. [PMID: 38081449 DOI: 10.1016/j.jid.2023.11.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2023] [Revised: 11/01/2023] [Accepted: 11/17/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024]
Abstract
Although a peak incidence of psoriasis in women aged around 60 years has been observed, the link between reproductive lifespan and late-onset psoriatic diseases is underexplored. This study aims to elucidate the association between reproductive lifespan and the risk of late-onset psoriasis and psoriatic arthritis (PsA). Utilizing the UK Biobank data, we conducted a prospective cohort study in postmenopausal women without baseline psoriatic diseases. The exposure variables included age at natural menopause (ANM) and duration from menarche to menopause, termed reproductive years. The outcome variables were incident psoriasis and PsA. We employed Cox regression analysis, factoring in polygenic risk scores for psoriatic diseases and recognized risk factors. We found that later ANM and longer reproductive years were significantly associated with decreased risks of late-onset psoriasis and PsA in a dose-dependent manner (P<.05). ANM after age 55 years led to a 34 and 46% risk reduction in late-onset psoriasis and PsA, respectively, compared with ANM before age 45 years (P<.001). The population-attributable risks of ANM were 17.4% for late-onset psoriasis and 21.6% for PsA. In conclusion, reproductive lifespan, with its inherent homeostasis, plays a pivotal yet overlooked role in late-onset psoriatic diseases. Investigations into estrogen-centric causes and sex-specific interventions are imperative.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Xiao
- Department of Dermatology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China; Furong Laboratory, Changsha, China; Hunan Key Laboratory of Skin Cancer and Psoriasis, Changsha, China; National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders (Xiangya Hospital), Changsha, China
| | - Yan Yi
- Reproductive Medicine Center, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Danrong Jing
- Department of Dermatology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China; Furong Laboratory, Changsha, China; Hunan Key Laboratory of Skin Cancer and Psoriasis, Changsha, China
| | - Songchun Yang
- Department of Dermatology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China; Furong Laboratory, Changsha, China; Hunan Key Laboratory of Skin Cancer and Psoriasis, Changsha, China
| | - Yeye Guo
- Department of Dermatology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China; Furong Laboratory, Changsha, China; Hunan Key Laboratory of Skin Cancer and Psoriasis, Changsha, China
| | - Hui Xiao
- Department of Dermatology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China; Furong Laboratory, Changsha, China; Hunan Key Laboratory of Skin Cancer and Psoriasis, Changsha, China
| | - Yehong Kuang
- Department of Dermatology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China; Furong Laboratory, Changsha, China; Hunan Key Laboratory of Skin Cancer and Psoriasis, Changsha, China
| | - Wu Zhu
- Department of Dermatology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China; Furong Laboratory, Changsha, China; Hunan Key Laboratory of Skin Cancer and Psoriasis, Changsha, China
| | - Jing Zhao
- Reproductive Medicine Center, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Yanping Li
- Reproductive Medicine Center, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Hong Liu
- Department of Dermatology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China; Furong Laboratory, Changsha, China; Hunan Key Laboratory of Skin Cancer and Psoriasis, Changsha, China; National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders (Xiangya Hospital), Changsha, China
| | - Jinchen Li
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders (Xiangya Hospital), Changsha, China; Bioinformatics Center, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China; Department of Geriatrics, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Xiang Chen
- Department of Dermatology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China; Furong Laboratory, Changsha, China; Hunan Key Laboratory of Skin Cancer and Psoriasis, Changsha, China; National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders (Xiangya Hospital), Changsha, China.
| | - Minxue Shen
- Department of Dermatology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China; Furong Laboratory, Changsha, China; Hunan Key Laboratory of Skin Cancer and Psoriasis, Changsha, China; Department of Social Medicine and Health Management, Xiangya School of Public Health, Central South University, Changsha, China.
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Wu O, Wu Y, Zhang X, Liu W, Zhang H, Khederzadeh S, Lu X, Zhu XW. Causal effect of interleukin (IL)-6 on blood pressure and hypertension: A mendelian randomization study. Immunogenetics 2024; 76:123-135. [PMID: 38427105 DOI: 10.1007/s00251-024-01332-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2023] [Accepted: 01/11/2024] [Indexed: 03/02/2024]
Abstract
To examine whether circulating interleukin-6 (IL-6) levels (CirIL6) have a causal effect on blood pressure using Mendelian randomization (MR) methods. We used data from genome-wide association studies (GWAS) of European ancestry to obtain genetic instruments for circulating IL-6 levels and blood pressure measurements. We applied several robust MR methods to estimate the causal effects and to test for heterogeneity and pleiotropy. We found that circulating IL-6 had a significant positive causal effect on systolic blood pressure (SBP) and pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH), but not on diastolic blood pressure (DBP) or hypertension. We found that as CirIL6 genetically increased, SBP increased using Inverse Variance Weighted (IVW) method (for ukb-b-20175, β = 0.082 with SE = 0.032, P = 0.011; for ukb-a-360, β = 0.075 with SE = 0.031, P = 0.014) and weighted median (WM) method (for ukb-b-20175, β = 0.061 with SE = 0.022, P = 0.006; for ukb-a-360, β = 0.065 with SE = 0.027, P = 0.014). Moreover, CirIL6 may be associated with an increased risk of PAH using WM method (odds ratio (OR) = 15.503, 95% CI, 1.025-234.525, P = 0.048), but not with IVW method. Our study provides novel evidence that circulating IL-6 has a causal role in the development of SBP and PAH, but not DBP or hypertension. These findings suggest that IL-6 may be a potential therapeutic target for preventing or treating cardiovascular diseases and metabolic disorders. However, more studies are needed to confirm the causal effects of IL-6 on blood pressure and to elucidate the underlying mechanisms and pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ou Wu
- Shulan International Medical College, Zhejiang Shuren University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China.
- Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China.
| | - Ya Wu
- Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, People's Republic of China
| | - Xingyu Zhang
- Thomas E. Starzl Transplantation Institute, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Wei Liu
- JFIntelligent Healthcare Technology Co., Ltd Building No.5-7, No.699 Tianxiang Avenue, Hi-Tech Zone, Nanchang, Jiangxi Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Hu Zhang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital Affiliated with Medical College of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Saber Khederzadeh
- Westlake Laboratory of Life Sciences and Biomedicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
- Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Westlake Institute for Advanced Study, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Xi Lu
- Hangzhou Vocational and Technical College, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China.
| | - Xiao-Wei Zhu
- School of Medicine, Shaoxing University, Shaoxing, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China.
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Yang Z, Guo L, Sun Y, Huang Y, Li J, Lin Y, Zhang X, Wu D, Luo Y. Investigation of the causal relationship between Interleukin-6 signaling and gastrointestinal tract cancers: A Mendelian randomization study. Dig Liver Dis 2024; 56:679-686. [PMID: 37612215 DOI: 10.1016/j.dld.2023.08.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2023] [Revised: 07/28/2023] [Accepted: 08/11/2023] [Indexed: 08/25/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Observational studies indicate that interleukin-6(IL-6) has been associated with gastrointestinal tract cancers. However, the causal association is still confusing. Thus, we aimed to putative the causality between IL-6 signaling and gastrointestinal tract cancers. METHODS We conducted a two-sample Mendelian randomization analysis to assess the causal effects. Two groups of IL-6 signaling-related single nucleotide polymorphisms were chosen from two Genome-wide association studies. Summary-level data for gastrointestinal tract cancers including esophageal, gastric, and colorectal cancer, were obtained from the FinnGen consortium and UK Biobank study. We also performed survival analysis to explore the prognostic value of IL-6 in gastrointestinal tract cancers. RESULTS Genetically predicted plasma sIL6R level, which inhibits IL-6 Signaling, was associated with a reduced risk of gastric cancer in FinnGen. In the combined analysis of the two sources, genetically predicted sIL6R was associated with a decreased risk of gastric cancer (OR = 0.943, 95%CI: 0.904,0.983, p = 0.006). Survival analysis results indicated the prognostic value of IL-6 in gastric cancer. CONCLUSIONS These results present evidence indicating that genetically-determined reduced IL-6 signaling lowers the risk of gastric cancer, which may provide potential prevention and therapeutic strategies for gastric cancer. Additionally, IL-6 may be a prognostic biomarker for gastric cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ze Yang
- Department of Biochemistry & Cancer Medicine, International Institutes of Medicine, the Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Yiwu, Zhejiang, China; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, 866 Yu Hang Tang Road, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China
| | - Lingyun Guo
- Department of Biochemistry & Cancer Medicine, International Institutes of Medicine, the Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Yiwu, Zhejiang, China; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, 866 Yu Hang Tang Road, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China
| | - Yandi Sun
- Department of Biochemistry & Cancer Medicine, International Institutes of Medicine, the Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Yiwu, Zhejiang, China; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, 866 Yu Hang Tang Road, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China
| | - Yingfei Huang
- Department of Biochemistry & Cancer Medicine, International Institutes of Medicine, the Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Yiwu, Zhejiang, China; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, 866 Yu Hang Tang Road, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China
| | - Jingjia Li
- Department of Biochemistry & Cancer Medicine, International Institutes of Medicine, the Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Yiwu, Zhejiang, China; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, 866 Yu Hang Tang Road, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China
| | - Yindan Lin
- Department of Biochemistry & Cancer Medicine, International Institutes of Medicine, the Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Yiwu, Zhejiang, China; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, 866 Yu Hang Tang Road, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China
| | - Xueyun Zhang
- Department of Biochemistry & Cancer Medicine, International Institutes of Medicine, the Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Yiwu, Zhejiang, China; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, 866 Yu Hang Tang Road, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China
| | - Di Wu
- Department of Biochemistry & Cancer Medicine, International Institutes of Medicine, the Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Yiwu, Zhejiang, China; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, 866 Yu Hang Tang Road, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China
| | - Yan Luo
- Department of Biochemistry & Cancer Medicine, International Institutes of Medicine, the Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Yiwu, Zhejiang, China; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, 866 Yu Hang Tang Road, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China.
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Sakkas LI, Chikanza IC. Sex bias in immune response: it is time to include the sex variable in studies of autoimmune rheumatic diseases. Rheumatol Int 2024; 44:203-209. [PMID: 37716925 DOI: 10.1007/s00296-023-05446-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2023] [Accepted: 08/24/2023] [Indexed: 09/18/2023]
Abstract
Healthy females and males differ in their immune cell composition and function and females generally mount stronger immune response than males and are much more susceptible to autoimmune rheumatic diseases. Females differ from males in sex hormones, and X-chromosome genes. Sex hormones affect immune cells and responses, and may induce epigenetic DNA changes. The importance of X-chromosome genes is exemplified in men with the Klinefelter syndrome (47,XXY) who have an additional X-chromosome and develop systemic lupus erythematosus(SLE) as frequently as women. X-chromosome contains genes critical for the immune response, such as FOXP3, toll-like receptor(TLR)7, TLR8, CD40 Ligand, IL2RG, IL9R, BTK, and others. Whereas one X-chromosome in females is randomly inactivated early in embryonic development, around 25% of X-linked genes escape inactivation and result in more X-linked gene dosage in females. We use two key female-biased autoimmune rheumatic diseases, SLE and systemic sclerosis, to review differences in immune response, and clinical manifestations between females and males. The inclusion of sex variable in research will facilitate precision medicine and optimal patient outcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lazaros I Sakkas
- Faculty of Medicine, School of Health Sciences, University of Thessaly, Larissa, Greece.
- Division of Rheumatology, IASO Thessalias General Hospital, Larissa, Greece.
| | - Ian C Chikanza
- Professor in Rheumatology and Immunology, Paediatrics Department, Catholic University, University of Zimbabwe, Harare, Zimbabwe
- International Arthritis and Hypermobility Centre, Harley Street Clinic, London, UK
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Zhang M, Zeng Q, Zhou S, Zhu G, Xu Y, Gao R, Su W, Wang R. Mendelian randomization study on causal association of IL-6 signaling with pulmonary arterial hypertension. Clin Exp Hypertens 2023; 45:2183963. [PMID: 36871578 DOI: 10.1080/10641963.2023.2183963] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND A recent Mendelian randomization (MR) did not support an effect of the lead interleukin-6 receptor (IL-6 R) variant on risk of pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH). Thus, we used two sets of genetic instrumental variants (IVs) and publicly available PAH genome-wide association studies (GWAS) to reassess the genetic causal link between IL-6 signaling and PAH. METHODS Six independent IL-6 signaling and 34 independent soluble IL-6 receptor (sIL-6 R) genetic IVs from recent MR reports and PAH GWAS including 162,962 European individuals were used to perform this two-sample MR study. RESULTS We found that as IL-6 signaling genetically increased, the risk of PAH reduced using IVW (odds ratio [OR] = 0.023, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.0013-0.393; p = .0093) and weighted median (OR = 0.033, 95% CI: 0.0024-0.467; p = .0116). Otherwise, as sIL-6 R genetically increased, the risk of PAH increased using IVW (OR = 1.34, 95% CI: 1.16-1.56; p = .0001), weighted median (OR = 1.36, 95% CI: 1.10-1.68; p = .005), MR-Egger (OR = 1.43, 95% CI: 1.05-1.94; p = .03), and weighted mode (OR = 1.35, 95% CI for OR: 1.12-1.63; p = .0035). CONCLUSION Our analysis suggested the causal link between genetically increased sIL-6 R and increased risk of PAH and between genetically increased IL-6 signaling and reduced risk of PAH. Thus, higher sIL-6 R levels may be a risk factor for patients with PAH, whereas higher IL-6 signaling may be a protective factor for patients with PAH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Zhang
- Beijing Institute of Brain Disorders, Laboratory of Brain Disorders, Ministry of Science and Technology, Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Disorders, Capital Medical University, China
| | - Qi Zeng
- Beijing Institute of Brain Disorders, Laboratory of Brain Disorders, Ministry of Science and Technology, Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Disorders, Capital Medical University, China
| | - Shan Zhou
- Beijing Institute of Brain Disorders, Laboratory of Brain Disorders, Ministry of Science and Technology, Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Disorders, Capital Medical University, China
| | - Gaizhi Zhu
- Beijing Institute of Brain Disorders, Laboratory of Brain Disorders, Ministry of Science and Technology, Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Disorders, Capital Medical University, China
| | - Yaqi Xu
- Beijing Institute of Brain Disorders, Laboratory of Brain Disorders, Ministry of Science and Technology, Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Disorders, Capital Medical University, China
| | - Ran Gao
- Beijing Institute of Brain Disorders, Laboratory of Brain Disorders, Ministry of Science and Technology, Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Disorders, Capital Medical University, China
| | - Wenting Su
- Beijing Institute of Brain Disorders, Laboratory of Brain Disorders, Ministry of Science and Technology, Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Disorders, Capital Medical University, China
| | - Renxi Wang
- Beijing Institute of Brain Disorders, Laboratory of Brain Disorders, Ministry of Science and Technology, Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Disorders, Capital Medical University, China
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Yuan G, Yang M, Xie J, Xu K, Zhang F. No evidence of genetic causal association between sex hormone-related traits and systemic lupus erythematosus: A two-sample Mendelian randomization study. Clin Rheumatol 2023; 42:3237-3249. [PMID: 37495778 DOI: 10.1007/s10067-023-06700-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2022] [Revised: 07/06/2023] [Accepted: 07/07/2023] [Indexed: 07/28/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Previous studies have demonstrated an association between sex hormone-related traits and systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). However, because of the difficulties in determining sequential temporality, the causal association remains elusive. In this study, we used two-sample Mendelian randomization (MR) to explore the genetic causal associations between sex hormone-related traits and SLE. METHODS We used a two-sample MR to explore the causal association between sex hormone-related traits and SLE. The summarized data for sex hormone-related traits (including testosterone, estradiol (E2), sex hormone-binding globulin (SHBG), and bioavailable testosterone (BT)) originated from large genome-wide association studies (GWASs) of European descent. Aggregated data for SLE were derived from the FinnGen consortium (835 cases and 300,162 controls). Random-effects inverse-variance weighted (IVW), MR-Egger, weighted median, simple mode, weighted mode, and fixed-effects IVW methods were used for the MR analysis. Random-effects IVW was the primary method used to analyze the genetic causal association between sex hormone-related traits and SLE. Heterogeneity of the MR results was detected using the IVW Cochran's Q estimates. The pleiotropy of MR results was detected using MR-Egger regression and the MR pleiotropy residual sum and outlier (MR-PRESSO) test. Finally, leave-one-out analysis was performed to determine whether MR results were affected by a single single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP). RESULTS Random-effects IVW as the primary method showed that testosterone (odds ratio (OR), 0.87; 95% confidence interval (CI), 0.41-1.82; P = 0.705), E2 (OR, 0.95; 95% CI, 0.73-1.23; P = 0.693), SHBG (OR, 1.25; 95% CI, 0.74-2.13; P = 0.400), and BT (OR, 0.99; 95% CI, 0.67-1.47; P = 0.959) had no potential causal association with SLE. The MR-Egger, weighted median, simple mode, weighted mode, and fixed-effects IVW methods all indicated consistent results. The results of the MR-Egger regression showed that there was no pleiotropy in our MR analysis (P > 0.05). The IVW Cochran's Q estimates showed that the MR analysis results of E2, SHBG, and BT on SLE had no heterogeneity (P > 0.05), but testosterone and SLE had heterogeneity (P < 0.05). The leave-one-out analysis confirmed that a single SNP did not affect the MR results. CONCLUSIONS Our MR analysis demonstrated that genetically predicted testosterone, E2, SHBG, and BT levels were not associated with SLE risk, but the roles of other non-genetic pathways cannot be ruled out. Key Points • This is the first MR study to explore the causal association of sex hormone-related traits with SLE. • No evidence to support causal associations between sex hormone-related traits and SLE. • Our MR analysis may provide novel insights into the causal association between sex hormone-related traits and SLE risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guolian Yuan
- Scientific Research and Experiment Center, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, People's Republic of China.
| | - Mingyi Yang
- Department of Joint Surgery, HongHui Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiale Xie
- Department of Joint Surgery, HongHui Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Ke Xu
- Department of Joint Surgery, HongHui Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Feng Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Trace Elements and Endemic Diseases, National Health and Family Planning Commission, School of Public Health, Health Science Center, Xi'an Jiao Tong University, Xi'an, People's Republic of China
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Mendelian Randomization Studies in Psoriasis and Psoriatic Arthritis: A Systematic Review. J Invest Dermatol 2023; 143:762-776.e3. [PMID: 36822971 DOI: 10.1016/j.jid.2022.11.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2022] [Revised: 11/21/2022] [Accepted: 11/24/2022] [Indexed: 02/25/2023]
Abstract
Psoriasis (PSO) and psoriatic arthritis (PSA) are inflammatory diseases with complex genetic and environmental contributions. Although studies have identified environmental and clinical associations with PSO/PSA, causality is difficult to establish. Mendelian randomization (MR) employs the random assortment of genetic alleles at birth to evaluate the causal impact of exposures. We systematically reviewed 27 MR studies in PSO/PSA examining health behaviors, comorbidities, and biomarkers. Exposures, including smoking, obesity, cardiovascular disease, and Crohn's disease, were causal for PSO and PSA, whereas PSO was causally associated with several comorbidities. These findings provide insights that can guide preventive counseling and precision medicine.
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Zhang M, Ma N, Wang R. Mendelian Randomization Study on Causal Association of IL-6With Breast Cancer. Clin Breast Cancer 2023; 23:e182-e188. [PMID: 36813657 DOI: 10.1016/j.clbc.2023.01.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2022] [Revised: 01/31/2023] [Accepted: 01/31/2023] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Previous studies have shown an important role of interleukin 6 (IL-6) in the progression and metastasis of breast cancer. The present 2-sample Mendelian randomization (MR) study aimed to identify the genetic causal link between IL-6 and breast cancer. MATERIAL AND METHODS IL-6-signaling and its negative regulator soluble IL-6 receptor (sIL-6R) genetic instruments were chosen from 2 large-scale genome-wide association studies (GWAS) of 204,402 and 3,301 European individuals, respectively. GWAS for breast cancer (14,910 cases and 17,588 controls of European ancestry) was used to evaluate the effect of IL-6-signaling- or sIL-6R-associated genetic instrumental variants on breast cancer risk by performing a 2-sample MR study. RESULTS As IL-6-signaling genetically increased, breast cancer risk increased based on weighted median (odds ratio [OR] = 1.396, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.008-1.934, P = .045) and inverse variance weighted (IVW) (OR = 1.370, 95% CI: 1.032-1.819, P = .030). Otherwise, as sIL-6R genetically increased, the risk of breast cancer decreased based on weighted median (OR = 0.975, 95% CI: 0.947-1.004, P = .097) and IVW (OR = 0.977, 95% CI: 0.956-0.997, P = .026). CONCLUSION Our analysis suggests a causal link between a genetically-linked increase in IL-6-signaling and increase in the risk of breast cancer. Thus, inhibition of IL-6 may be a valuable biological indicator for risk assessment, prevention, and treatment of patients with breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Zhang
- Beijing Institute of Brain Disorders, Laboratory of Brain Disorders, Ministry of Science and Technology, Collaborative Innovation Centre for Brain Disorders, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China
| | - Ning Ma
- Department of Rheumatology, First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China
| | - Renxi Wang
- Beijing Institute of Brain Disorders, Laboratory of Brain Disorders, Ministry of Science and Technology, Collaborative Innovation Centre for Brain Disorders, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China.
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Mourtzi N, Georgakis M, Ntanasi E, Hatzimanolis A, Ramirez A, Heilmann-Heimbach S, Grenier-Boley B, Lambert J, Yannakoulia M, Kosmidis M, Dardiotis E, Hadjigeorgiou G, Sakka P, Scarmeas N. Genetically downregulated Interleukin-6 signalling is associated with a lower risk of frailty. Age Ageing 2023; 52:7008635. [PMID: 36729470 DOI: 10.1093/ageing/afac318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2021] [Revised: 08/04/2022] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND numerous studies point towards a critical role of Interleukin 6 (IL-6) pathway in frailty pathogenesis yet the causal relationship between the two remains elusive. METHODS we selected genetic variants near the IL-6 receptor locus (IL-6R) associated with reduced C-reactive protein (CRP) levels, a downstream effector of IL-6 pathway, and we used them as genetic proxies of IL-6 signalling downregulation. We then performed a two-sample Mendelian randomisation (MR) to investigate the association with frailty status, as defined by the Frailty Index (FI) in 11,171 individuals from the Hellenic Longitudinal Investigation of Ageing and Diet (HELIAD) study. MR analysis was repeated after excluding depression or cognition-related FI items as well as following age or sex stratification. Association with frailty was also examined using an alternative instrument, weighted on s-IL-6R levels. Replication was attempted in UK Biobank dataset. RESULTS genetic predisposition to IL-6 signalling downregulation, weighted on CRP levels, was associated with lower risk of frailty, inserted either as categorical (odds ratio [95% confidence interval] = 0.15 [-3.39, -0.40], P = 0.013) or continuous variable (beta [se] = -0.09 [0.003], P = 0.0009). Sensitivity analyses revealed similar estimates across different MR methods with no evidence for horizontal pleiotropy or heterogeneity. Results remained robust after exclusion of depression or cognition-related FI items and following sex or age stratification. Genetically increased s-IL-6R levels were negatively correlated with frailty and this finding remained significant in a meta-analysis of UK Biobank and HELIAD cohorts. CONCLUSION our results support a potential causal effect of IL-6 signalling on frailty and further suggest that downregulation of IL-6 levels may reduce frailty risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Niki Mourtzi
- 1st Department of Neurology, Aiginition Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens Medical School, Athens 11528, Greece
| | - Mariosk Georgakis
- Center for Genomic Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02142, USA.,Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute of Harvard and the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Boston, MA 02142, USA.,Institute for Stroke and Dementia Research (ISD), University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians-University (LMU) Munich, Munich 81377, Germany
| | - Eva Ntanasi
- 1st Department of Neurology, Aiginition Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens Medical School, Athens 11528, Greece.,Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Harokopio University, Athens 176768, Greece
| | - Alexandros Hatzimanolis
- Department of Psychiatry, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens Medical School, Aiginition Hospital, Athens 11528, Greece.,Neurobiology Research Institute, Theodor-Theohari Cozzika Foundation, Athens 11521, Greece
| | - Alfredo Ramirez
- Medical Faculty, Division of Neurogenetics and Molecular Psychiatry, Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Cologne, Cologne 50923, Germany.,Department of Neurodegenerative Diseases and Geriatric Psychiatry, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn 53127, Germany.,German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE Bonn), Bonn 53127, Germany.,Department of Psychiatry, Glenn Biggs Institute for Alzheimer's and Neurodegenerative Diseases, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA
| | - Stephanie Heilmann-Heimbach
- Institute of Human Genetics, University of Bonn, School of Medicine & University Hospital Bonn, Bonn 53127, Germany
| | | | - Jeanc Lambert
- Univ. Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, Lille 59800, France
| | - Mary Yannakoulia
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Harokopio University, Athens 17676, Greece
| | - Mary Kosmidis
- Lab of Cognitive Neuroscience, School of Psychology, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki 5412415, Greece
| | - Efthimios Dardiotis
- Department of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine, School of Health Sciences, University Hospital of Larissa, University of Thessaly, Larissa 41110, Greece
| | | | - Paraskevi Sakka
- Athens Association of Alzheimer's Disease and Related Disorders, Marousi 11636, Greece
| | - Nikolaos Scarmeas
- 1st Department of Neurology, Aiginition Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens Medical School, Athens 11528, Greece.,Department of Neurology, The Gertrude H. Sergievsky Center, Taub Institute for Research in Alzheimer's Disease and the Aging Brain, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA
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Srivastava S, Rasool M. Underpinning IL-6 biology and emphasizing selective JAK blockade as the potential alternate therapeutic intervention for rheumatoid arthritis. Life Sci 2022; 298:120516. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2022.120516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2021] [Revised: 03/08/2022] [Accepted: 03/25/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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Bragazzi NL, Bridgewood C, Watad A, Damiani G, McGonagle D. Sex-Based Medicine Meets Psoriatic Arthritis: Lessons Learned and to Learn. Front Immunol 2022; 13:849560. [PMID: 35529846 PMCID: PMC9074686 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.849560] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2022] [Accepted: 03/08/2022] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Humorally associated autoimmune diseases generally show a female predominance whereas ankylosing spondylitis, a disease that overlaps with psoriatic arthritis (PsA), shows a male predominance. The present review ascertains the current knowledge of sex-specific differences related to psoriatic arthritis (PsA), a chronic, inflammatory condition associated with psoriasis. Sex differences may have important implications for clinical research in PsA and in terms of epidemiology (incidence, prevalence, lifetime risk, survival, and mortality), clinical, radiological, and laboratory features, and response to treatment. While nationwide surveys and large-scale databases and registries show no sex-specific differences, varying male/female ratios have been reported, ranging from 0.42 to 2.75 (comparable with those reported for psoriasis vulgaris: ranging from 0.28 to 2.38). This may reflect subtle, complex, nonlinear interactions between the biological make-up of the individual (genetic and epigenetic differences), hormonal components including menopausal status, environmental exposures including skeletal physical stressing, and psychological variables. There exists methodological heterogeneity and paucity of data concerning sex-specific differences, in terms of the specific population studied, study design, and the diagnostic criteria utilized. Harmonizing and reconciling these discrepancies would be of crucial importance in achieving the ambitious goals of personalized/individualized medicine and further standardized meta-data and Big Data could help disentangle and elucidate the precise mechanisms of underlying potential PsA sex-specific differences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicola Luigi Bragazzi
- Laboratory for Industrial and Applied Mathematics (LIAM), Department of Mathematics, York University, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Postgraduate School of Public Health, Department of Health Sciences (DISSAL), University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy
- Leeds Institute of Rheumatic and Musculoskeletal Medicine, University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom
- *Correspondence: Nicola Luigi Bragazzi,
| | - Charlie Bridgewood
- Leeds Institute of Rheumatic and Musculoskeletal Medicine, University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom
| | - Abdulla Watad
- Leeds Institute of Rheumatic and Musculoskeletal Medicine, University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom
- Department of Medicine B, Rheumatology Unit and Zabludowicz Center for Autoimmune Diseases, Sheba Medical Center, Ramat-Gan, Israel
- Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv, Israel
| | - Giovanni Damiani
- Clinical Dermatology, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS) Galeazzi Orthopaedic Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Dennis McGonagle
- Leeds Institute of Rheumatic and Musculoskeletal Medicine, University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom
- National Institute for Health Research Leeds Biomedical Research Centre, Leeds Teaching Hospitals, Leeds, United Kingdom
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