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Leopold AV, Verkhusha VV. Engineering signalling pathways in mammalian cells. Nat Biomed Eng 2024:10.1038/s41551-024-01237-z. [PMID: 39237709 DOI: 10.1038/s41551-024-01237-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2023] [Accepted: 06/14/2024] [Indexed: 09/07/2024]
Abstract
In mammalian cells, signalling pathways orchestrate cellular growth, differentiation and survival, as well as many other processes that are essential for the proper functioning of cells. Here we describe cutting-edge genetic-engineering technologies for the rewiring of signalling networks in mammalian cells. Specifically, we describe the recombination of native pathway components, cross-kingdom pathway transplantation, and the development of de novo signalling within cells and organelles. We also discuss how, by designing signalling pathways, mammalian cells can acquire new properties, such as the capacity for photosynthesis, the ability to detect cancer and senescent cell markers or to synthesize hormones or metabolites in response to chemical or physical stimuli. We also review the applications of mammalian cells in biocomputing. Technologies for engineering signalling pathways in mammalian cells are advancing basic cellular biology, biomedical research and drug discovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna V Leopold
- Medicum, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Vladislav V Verkhusha
- Medicum, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.
- Department of Genetics and Gruss-Lipper Biophotonics Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA.
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Alharithi YJ, Phillips EA, Wilson TD, Couvillion SP, Nicora CD, Darakjian P, Rakshe S, Fei SS, Counts B, Metz TO, Searles R, Kumar S, Maloyan A. Metabolomic and transcriptomic remodeling of bone marrow myeloid cells in response to maternal obesity. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.08.20.608809. [PMID: 39229218 PMCID: PMC11370391 DOI: 10.1101/2024.08.20.608809] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/05/2024]
Abstract
Maternal obesity puts the offspring at high risk of developing obesity and cardio-metabolic diseases in adulthood. Here, using a mouse model of maternal high-fat diet (HFD)-induced obesity, we show that whole body fat content of the offspring of HFD-fed mothers (Off-HFD) increases significantly from very early age when compared to the offspring regular diet-fed mothers (Off-RD). We have previously shown significant metabolic and immune perturbations in the bone marrow of newly-weaned offspring of obese mothers. Therefore, we hypothesized that lipid metabolism is altered in the bone marrow Off-HFD in newly-weaned offspring of obese mothers when compared to the Off-RD. To test this hypothesis, we investigated the lipidomic profile of bone marrow cells collected from three-week-old offspring of regular and high fat diet-fed mothers. Diacylgycerols (DAGs), triacylglycerols (TAGs), sphingolipids and phospholipids, including plasmalogen, and lysophospholipids were remarkably different between the groups, independent of fetal sex. Levels of cholesteryl esters were significantly decreased in offspring of obese mothers, suggesting reduced delivery of cholesterol to bone marrow cells. This was accompanied by age-dependent progression of mitochondrial dysfunction in bone marrow cells. We subsequently isolated CD11b+ myeloid cells from three-week-old mice and conducted metabolomics, lipidomics, and transcriptomics analyses. The lipidomic profiles of these bone marrow myeloid cells were largely similar to that seen in bone marrow cells and included increases in DAGs and phospholipids alongside decreased TAGs, except for long-chain TAGs, which were significantly increased. Our data also revealed significant sex-dependent changes in amino acids and metabolites related to energy metabolism. Transcriptomic analysis revealed altered expression of genes related to major immune pathways including macrophage alternative activation, B-cell receptor signaling, TGFβ signaling, and communication between the innate and adaptive immune systems. All told, this study revealed lipidomic, metabolomic, and gene expression abnormalities in bone marrow cells broadly, and in bone marrow myeloid cells particularly, in the newly-weaned offspring of obese mothers, which might at least partially explain the progression of metabolic and cardiovascular diseases in their adulthood.
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Naidoo KK, Highton AJ, Baiyegunhi OO, Bhengu SP, Dong KL, Bunders MJ, Altfeld M, Ndung’u T. Early Initiation of Antiretroviral Therapy Preserves the Metabolic Function of CD4+ T Cells in Subtype C Human Immunodeficiency Virus 1 Infection. J Infect Dis 2024; 229:753-762. [PMID: 37804102 PMCID: PMC10938216 DOI: 10.1093/infdis/jiad432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2023] [Revised: 09/19/2023] [Accepted: 10/04/2023] [Indexed: 10/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Immune dysfunction often persists in people living with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) who are on antiretroviral therapy (ART), clinically manifesting as HIV-1-associated comorbid conditions. Early ART initiation may reduce incidence of HIV-1-associated immune dysfunction and comorbid conditions. Immunometabolism is a critical determinant of functional immunity. We investigated the effect of HIV-1 infection and timing of ART initiation on CD4+ T cell metabolism and function. METHODS Longitudinal blood samples from people living with HIV who initiated ART during hyperacute HIV-1 infection (HHI; before peak viremia) or chronic HIV-1 infection (CHI) were assessed for the metabolic and immune functions of CD4+ T cells. Metabolite uptake and mitochondrial mass were measured using fluorescent analogues and MitoTracker Green accumulation, respectively, and were correlated with CD4+ T cell effector functions. RESULTS Initiation of ART during HHI prevented dysregulation of glucose uptake by CD4+ T cells, but glucose uptake was reduced before and after ART initiation in CHI. Glucose uptake positively correlated with interleukin-2 and tumor necrosis factor-α production by CD4+ T cells. CHI was associated with elevated mitochondrial mass in effector memory CD4+ T cells that persisted after ART and correlated with PD-1 expression. CONCLUSIONS ART initiation in HHI largely prevented metabolic impairment of CD4+ T cells. ART initiation in CHI was associated with persistently dysregulated immunometabolism of CD4+ T cells, which was associated with impaired cellular functions and exhaustion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kewreshini K Naidoo
- HIV Pathogenesis Programme, The Doris Duke Medical Research Institute, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa
- Department of Virus Immunology, Leibniz Institute of Virology, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Andrew J Highton
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | | | - Sindiswa P Bhengu
- HIV Pathogenesis Programme, The Doris Duke Medical Research Institute, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa
| | - Krista L Dong
- Ragon Institute of Massachusetts General Hospital, Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Madeleine J Bunders
- Department of Virus Immunology, Leibniz Institute of Virology, Hamburg, Germany
- III Department of Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Marcus Altfeld
- Department of Virus Immunology, Leibniz Institute of Virology, Hamburg, Germany
- German Center for Infection Disease (DZIF), Partner Site Hamburg-Lübeck-Borstel-Riems, Germany
| | - Thumbi Ndung’u
- HIV Pathogenesis Programme, The Doris Duke Medical Research Institute, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa
- Africa Health Research Institute, Durban, South Africa
- Ragon Institute of Massachusetts General Hospital, Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
- Division of Infection and Immunity, University College London, London, United Kingdom
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Saleh Z, Mirzazadeh S, Mirzaei F, Heidarnejad K, Meri S, Kalantar K. Alterations in metabolic pathways: a bridge between aging and weaker innate immune response. FRONTIERS IN AGING 2024; 5:1358330. [PMID: 38505645 PMCID: PMC10949225 DOI: 10.3389/fragi.2024.1358330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2023] [Accepted: 02/06/2024] [Indexed: 03/21/2024]
Abstract
Aging is a time-dependent progressive physiological process, which results in impaired immune system function. Age-related changes in immune function increase the susceptibility to many diseases such as infections, autoimmune diseases, and cancer. Different metabolic pathways including glycolysis, tricarboxylic acid cycle, amino acid metabolism, pentose phosphate pathway, fatty acid oxidation and fatty acid synthesis regulate the development, differentiation, and response of adaptive and innate immune cells. During aging all these pathways change in the immune cells. In addition to the changes in metabolic pathways, the function and structure of mitochondria also have changed in the immune cells. Thereby, we will review changes in the metabolism of different innate immune cells during the aging process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zahra Saleh
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Sara Mirzazadeh
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Mirzaei
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Kamran Heidarnejad
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Seppo Meri
- Department of Bacteriology and Immunology and the Translational Immunology Research Program (TRIMM), The University of Helsinki and HUSLAB, Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Kurosh Kalantar
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
- Department of Bacteriology and Immunology and the Translational Immunology Research Program (TRIMM), The University of Helsinki and HUSLAB, Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
- Autoimmune Diseases Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
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Cheng Q, Chen M, Liu M, Wang F, Chen X, Sun W, Du Y, Wu H. Age-related genes USP2 and ARG2 are involved in the reduction of immune cell infiltration in elderly patients with rheumatoid arthritis. J Gene Med 2024; 26:e3582. [PMID: 37727011 DOI: 10.1002/jgm.3582] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2023] [Revised: 07/10/2023] [Accepted: 07/31/2023] [Indexed: 09/21/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND There are large differences in clinical manifestations and biological markers between elderly patients with rheumatoid arthritis (EPRA, age >60) and younger patients with RA (YPRA, age ≤60), partly owing to variations in the immune system of different age groups. Here, we focused on the changes of immune cell infiltration in YPRA and EPRA. METHODS The R packages "ssGSEA" and "GSEA" were used to identify the changes in immune cell infiltration and immune-related pathways between the two groups. The R packages "WGCNA" and "DEseq2" were used to screen and verify age-related differentially expressed genes (DEGs). Hub genes were identified using Cytoscape and cytoHubba. Spearman correlation coefficient was conducted to evaluate correlations between hub age-related genes and immune cells. RESULTS Compared with 54 established YPRA, several immune cells and immune-related pathways were markedly decreased in 29 EPRA synovial tissues. Moreover, 78 age-related DEGs related to amino acid and glycosphingolipid synthesis and metabolism were identified. USP2 and ARG2 were verified to be upregulated in EPRA, signifying that these two genes could effectively distinguish YPRA and EPRA and have potential as biomarkers. In addition, we found that USP2 was significantly negatively correlated with B cells and monocytes, while there was a significant negative association between ARG2 and T cells. CONCLUSIONS In conclusion, this study is the first to systematically analyze changes in immune cell infiltration between YPRA and EPRA patients and obtain hub age-related genes, which may provide the basis for illuminating the pathogenesis of EPRA and informing treatment strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Cheng
- Department of Rheumatology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Mo Chen
- Department of Rheumatology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Mengdan Liu
- Department of Rheumatology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Fangying Wang
- Department of Rheumatology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xin Chen
- Department of Rheumatology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Wenjia Sun
- Department of Rheumatology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yan Du
- Department of Rheumatology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Huaxiang Wu
- Department of Rheumatology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
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Martic I, Papaccio F, Bellei B, Cavinato M. Mitochondrial dynamics and metabolism across skin cells: implications for skin homeostasis and aging. Front Physiol 2023; 14:1284410. [PMID: 38046945 PMCID: PMC10693346 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2023.1284410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2023] [Accepted: 10/23/2023] [Indexed: 12/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Aging of human skin is a complex process leading to a decline in homeostasis and regenerative potential of this tissue. Mitochondria are important cell organelles that have a crucial role in several cellular mechanisms such as energy production and free radical maintenance. However, mitochondrial metabolism as well as processes of mitochondrial dynamics, biogenesis, and degradation varies considerably among the different types of cells that populate the skin. Disturbed mitochondrial function is known to promote aging and inflammation of the skin, leading to impairment of physiological skin function and the onset of skin pathologies. In this review, we discuss the essential role of mitochondria in different skin cell types and how impairment of mitochondrial morphology, physiology, and metabolism in each of these cellular compartments of the skin contributes to the process of skin aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ines Martic
- Institute for Biochemical Aging Research, University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
- Center for Molecular Biosciences Innsbruck (CMBI), Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Federica Papaccio
- Laboratory of Cutaneous Physiopathology and Integrated Center for Metabolomics Research, San Gallicano Dermatological Institute, Istituti di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS), Rome, Italy
| | - Barbara Bellei
- Laboratory of Cutaneous Physiopathology and Integrated Center for Metabolomics Research, San Gallicano Dermatological Institute, Istituti di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS), Rome, Italy
| | - Maria Cavinato
- Institute for Biochemical Aging Research, University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
- Center for Molecular Biosciences Innsbruck (CMBI), Innsbruck, Austria
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Biguetti CC, Lakkasetter Chandrashekar B, Simionato GB, Momesso NR, Duarte MAH, Rodrigues DC, Matsumoto MA. Influence of age and gender on alveolar bone healing post tooth extraction in 129 Sv mice: a microtomographic, histological, and biochemical characterization. Clin Oral Investig 2023; 27:4605-4616. [PMID: 37261497 DOI: 10.1007/s00784-023-05087-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2022] [Accepted: 05/22/2023] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To analyze the effect of biological sex and aging on craniofacial bone features in 129 Sv mice and their influence on dental socket healing post tooth extraction. MATERIALS AND METHODS A total of 52 129 Sv mice were used, of which 28 were young (3-4 months) and 24 were aged (17-18 months), equally distributed according to biological sex. After an upper right incisor extraction, mice specimens were collected at 7, 14, and 21-days post-surgery for microtomographic (microCT) and comprehensive histological analysis. Mandible, skull bones, and maxillae at 21 days were analyzed by microCT, while blood plasma samples were collected for the detection of key bone turnover markers (P1NP and CTX-1) by enzyme-linked immunosorbent (ELISA) assay. RESULTS Aged females depicted significantly decreased mineralized bone content in alveolar sockets in comparison to young females and aged males at day 7, and aged males at day 14. Mandible RCA and Ma.AR of aged females were also significantly decreased in comparison with young females. Histological evaluation revealed that all alveolar sockets healed at 21 days with inflammation resolution and deposition of new bone. Immunohistochemistry for TRAP revealed increased area density for osteoclasts in alveolar sockets of aged females when compared to young females at 21 days. While a significant increase in CTX-1 levels was detected in blood plasma of aged females when compared to young females, P1NP levels did not significantly change between young and older females. No significant changes were observed for males. CONCLUSIONS Age and gender can significantly affect craniofacial bones of 129 Sv mice, especially maxilla and mandible in females. Considering the altered bone resorption parameters and delayed alveolar bone healing in older females, careful deliberation is necessary during development of pre-clinical models for craniofacial research. CLINICAL RELEVANCE Aging can be a contributing factor to slower bone healing in craniofacial bones. However, there are no sufficient experimental studies that have addressed this phenomenon along with biological sex taken into consideration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Cristina Biguetti
- Department of Surgery and Biomechanics, School of Podiatric Medicine, University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, Harlingen, TX, USA.
- Department of Basic Sciences, School of Dentistry of Araçatuba, São Paulo State University (UNESP), São Paulo, Araçatuba, Brazil.
| | | | - Gustavo Baroni Simionato
- Department of Basic Sciences, School of Dentistry of Araçatuba, São Paulo State University (UNESP), São Paulo, Araçatuba, Brazil
| | - Nataira Regina Momesso
- Department of Basic Sciences, School of Dentistry of Araçatuba, São Paulo State University (UNESP), São Paulo, Araçatuba, Brazil
| | - Marco Antonio Hungaro Duarte
- Department of Dental Materials and Endodontics, School of Dentistry of Bauru, University of Sao Paulo (USP), Bauru, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Mariza Akemi Matsumoto
- Department of Basic Sciences, School of Dentistry of Araçatuba, São Paulo State University (UNESP), São Paulo, Araçatuba, Brazil
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Kumar V, Stewart JH. Immunometabolic reprogramming, another cancer hallmark. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1125874. [PMID: 37275901 PMCID: PMC10235624 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1125874] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2022] [Accepted: 05/02/2023] [Indexed: 06/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Molecular carcinogenesis is a multistep process that involves acquired abnormalities in key biological processes. The complexity of cancer pathogenesis is best illustrated in the six hallmarks of the cancer: (1) the development of self-sufficient growth signals, (2) the emergence of clones that are resistant to apoptosis, (3) resistance to the antigrowth signals, (4) neo-angiogenesis, (5) the invasion of normal tissue or spread to the distant organs, and (6) limitless replicative potential. It also appears that non-resolving inflammation leads to the dysregulation of immune cell metabolism and subsequent cancer progression. The present article delineates immunometabolic reprogramming as a critical hallmark of cancer by linking chronic inflammation and immunosuppression to cancer growth and metastasis. We propose that targeting tumor immunometabolic reprogramming will lead to the design of novel immunotherapeutic approaches to cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vijay Kumar
- Department of Interdisciplinary Oncology, Stanley S. Scott Cancer Center, School of Medicine, Louisiana State University Health Science Center (LSUHSC), New Orleans, LA, United States
| | - John H. Stewart
- Department of Interdisciplinary Oncology, Stanley S. Scott Cancer Center, School of Medicine, Louisiana State University Health Science Center (LSUHSC), New Orleans, LA, United States
- Louisiana State University- Louisiana Children’s Medical Center, Stanley S. Scott, School of Medicine, Louisiana State University Health Science Center (LSUHSC), New Orleans, LA, United States
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Lee NYS, Li M, Ang KS, Chen J. Establishing a human bone marrow single cell reference atlas to study ageing and diseases. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1127879. [PMID: 37006302 PMCID: PMC10050687 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1127879] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2022] [Accepted: 02/20/2023] [Indexed: 03/17/2023] Open
Abstract
IntroductionAgeing in the human bone marrow is associated with immune function decline that results in the elderly being vulnerable to illnesses. A comprehensive healthy bone marrow consensus atlas can serve as a reference to study the immunological changes associated with ageing, and to identify and study abnormal cell states.MethodsWe collected publicly available single cell transcriptomic data of 145 healthy samples encompassing a wide spectrum of ages ranging from 2 to 84 years old to construct our human bone marrow atlas. The final atlas has 673,750 cells and 54 annotated cell types.ResultsWe first characterised the changes in cell population sizes with respect to age and the corresponding changes in gene expression and pathways. Overall, we found significant age-associated changes in the lymphoid lineage cells. The naïve CD8+ T cell population showed significant shrinkage with ageing while the effector/memory CD4+ T cells increased in proportion. We also found an age-correlated decline in the common lymphoid progenitor population, in line with the commonly observed myeloid skew in haematopoiesis among the elderly. We then employed our cell type-specific ageing gene signatures to develop a machine learning model that predicts the biological age of bone marrow samples, which we then applied to healthy individuals and those with blood diseases. Finally, we demonstrated how to identify abnormal cell states by mapping disease samples onto the atlas. We accurately identified abnormal plasma cells and erythroblasts in multiple myeloma samples, and abnormal cells in acute myeloid leukaemia samples.DiscussionThe bone marrow is the site of haematopoiesis, a highly important bodily process. We believe that our healthy bone marrow atlas is a valuable reference for studying bone marrow processes and bone marrow-related diseases. It can be mined for novel discoveries, as well as serve as a reference scaffold for mapping samples to identify and investigate abnormal cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicole Yee Shin Lee
- Singapore Immunology Network (SIgN), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore, Singapore
| | - Mengwei Li
- Singapore Immunology Network (SIgN), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore, Singapore
| | - Kok Siong Ang
- Singapore Immunology Network (SIgN), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore, Singapore
| | - Jinmiao Chen
- Singapore Immunology Network (SIgN), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore, Singapore
- Immunology Translational Research Program, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore (NUS), Singapore, Singapore
- *Correspondence: Jinmiao Chen,
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Gao Y, Cai W, Zhou Y, Li Y, Cheng J, Wei F. Immunosenescence of T cells: a key player in rheumatoid arthritis. Inflamm Res 2022; 71:1449-1462. [DOI: 10.1007/s00011-022-01649-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2022] [Revised: 09/12/2022] [Accepted: 09/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
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Luís C, Maduro AT, Pereira P, Mendes JJ, Soares R, Ramalho R. Nutritional senolytics and senomorphics: Implications to immune cells metabolism and aging – from theory to practice. Front Nutr 2022; 9:958563. [PMID: 36159455 PMCID: PMC9493043 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2022.958563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2022] [Accepted: 08/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Aging is a natural physiological process, but one that poses major challenges in an increasingly aging society prone to greater health risks such as diabetes, cardiovascular disease, cancer, frailty, increased susceptibility to infection, and reduced response to vaccine regimens. The loss of capacity for cell regeneration and the surrounding tissue microenvironment itself is conditioned by genetic, metabolic, and even environmental factors, such as nutrition. The senescence of the immune system (immunosenescence) represents a challenge, especially when associated with the presence of age-related chronic inflammation (inflammaging) and affecting the metabolic programming of immune cells (immunometabolism). These aspects are linked to poorer health outcomes and therefore present an opportunity for host-directed interventions aimed at both eliminating senescent cells and curbing the underlying inflammation. Senotherapeutics are a class of drugs and natural products that delay, prevent, or reverse the senescence process – senolytics; or inhibit senescence-associated secretory phenotype – senomorphics. Natural senotherapeutics from food sources – nutritional senotherapeutics – may constitute an interesting way to achieve better age-associated outcomes through personalized nutrition. In this sense, the authors present herein a framework of nutritional senotherapeutics as an intervention targeting immunosenescence and immunometabolism, identifying research gaps in this area, and gathering information on concluded and ongoing clinical trials on this subject. Also, we present future directions and ideation for future clinical possibilities in this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carla Luís
- Department of Biomedicine, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
- i3S – Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Ana T. Maduro
- Department of Biomedicine, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
- i3S – Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Paula Pereira
- Nutritional Immunology – Clinical and Experimental Lab (NICE Lab), Clinical Research Unit, Centro de Investigação Interdisciplinar Egas Moniz (CiiEM, U4585 FCT), Egas Moniz Higher Education School, Monte de Caparica, Portugal
- Applied Nutrition Study Group (Grupo de Estudos em Nutrição Aplicada – G.E.N.A.-IUEM), Egas Moniz Higher Education School, Monte de Caparica, Portugal
- Instituto Universitário Egas Moniz, Egas Moniz Higher Education School, Monte de Caparica, Portugal
| | - José João Mendes
- Nutritional Immunology – Clinical and Experimental Lab (NICE Lab), Clinical Research Unit, Centro de Investigação Interdisciplinar Egas Moniz (CiiEM, U4585 FCT), Egas Moniz Higher Education School, Monte de Caparica, Portugal
- Instituto Universitário Egas Moniz, Egas Moniz Higher Education School, Monte de Caparica, Portugal
| | - Raquel Soares
- Department of Biomedicine, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
- i3S – Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Renata Ramalho
- Nutritional Immunology – Clinical and Experimental Lab (NICE Lab), Clinical Research Unit, Centro de Investigação Interdisciplinar Egas Moniz (CiiEM, U4585 FCT), Egas Moniz Higher Education School, Monte de Caparica, Portugal
- Applied Nutrition Study Group (Grupo de Estudos em Nutrição Aplicada – G.E.N.A.-IUEM), Egas Moniz Higher Education School, Monte de Caparica, Portugal
- Instituto Universitário Egas Moniz, Egas Moniz Higher Education School, Monte de Caparica, Portugal
- *Correspondence: Renata Ramalho,
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Tao J, Yin L, Wu A, Zhang J, Zhang J, Shi H, Liu S, Niu L, Xu L, Feng Y, Lian S, Li L, Zeng L, Meng X, Zhou X, Liu T, Zhang L. PDIA2 Bridges Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress and Metabolic Reprogramming During Malignant Transformation of Chronic Colitis. Front Oncol 2022; 12:836087. [PMID: 35860571 PMCID: PMC9289542 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.836087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2021] [Accepted: 06/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Chronic inflammation contributes to approximately 20% of cancers; the underlying mechanisms are still elusive. Here, using an animal model of colitis to colon-cancerous transformation, we demonstrated that endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress couples with metabolic reprogramming to promote a malignant transformation of chronic inflammation. Methods The animal model for chronic colitis to colon-cancerous transformation was established in C57BL/6N mice by azoxymethane (AOM) and dextran sodium sulfate (DSS) treatments. The differential proteins in control and AOM/DSS-treated colon mucosa were determined using proteomic analysis; the kinetics of metabolic modifications were monitored by mitochondrial oxygen flux, extracellular acidification, and targeted metabolomics; the molecule linker between ER stress and metabolic modifications were identified by coimmunoprecipitation, KEGG pathway analysis, and the subcutaneous tumor model using gene-specific knockdown colon cancer cells. Tissue array analysis were used to evaluate the differential protein in cancer and cancer-adjacent tissues. Results AOM/DSS treatment induced 38 tumors in 10 mice at the 14th week with the mean tumor size 9.35 ± 3.87 mm2, which was significantly decreased to 5.85 ± 0.95 mm2 by the ER stress inhibitor 4-phenylbutyric acid (4PBA). Seven differential proteins were determined from control (1,067 ± 48) and AOM/DSS-treated mucosa (1,077 ± 59); the level of ER protein PDIA2 (protein disulfide isomerase-associated 2) was increased over 7-fold in response to AOM/DSS treatment. PDIA2 interacted with 420 proteins that were involved in 8 signaling pathways, in particular with 53 proteins in metabolic pathways. PDIA2 translocated from ER to mitochondria and interacted with the components of complexes I and II to inhibit oxophosphorylation but increase glycolysis. Knockdown PDIA2 in colon cancer cells restored the metabolic imbalance and significantly repressed tumor growth in the xenograft animal model. 4PBA therapy inhibited the AOM/DSS-mediated overexpression of PDIA2 and metabolic modifications and suppressed colon cancer growth. In clinic, PDIA2 was overexpressed in colon cancer tissues rather than cancer-adjacent tissues and was related with the late stages and lymph node metastasis of colon cancer. Conclusions Persistent ER stress reprograms the metabolism to promote the malignant transformation of chronic colitis; PDIA2 serves as a molecule linker between ER stress and metabolic reprogramming. The inhibition of ER stress restores metabolic homeostasis and attenuates the cancerous transformation of chronic inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Tao
- Scientific Research Institute, Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Lin Yin
- Scientific Research Institute, Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Ao Wu
- Scientific Research Institute, Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jiaoli Zhang
- Scientific Research Institute, Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jingpu Zhang
- Scientific Research Institute, Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Huichun Shi
- Scientific Research Institute, Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Siyuan Liu
- The College of Information, Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - Liangfei Niu
- Scientific Research Institute, Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Li Xu
- Scientific Research Institute, Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yanling Feng
- Clinical Pathology Laboratory, Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Shixian Lian
- Department of Surgery, Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Lei Li
- Department of Surgery, Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Liyan Zeng
- Department of Clinical Research Center, Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xianmin Meng
- Department of Clinical Research Center, Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaohui Zhou
- Animal Research Center, Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Tiefu Liu
- Scientific Research Institute, Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- *Correspondence: Lijun Zhang, ; Tiefu Liu,
| | - Lijun Zhang
- Scientific Research Institute, Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Department of Clinical Research Center, Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- *Correspondence: Lijun Zhang, ; Tiefu Liu,
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Shinjyo N, Kita K. Infection and Immunometabolism in the Central Nervous System: A Possible Mechanistic Link Between Metabolic Imbalance and Dementia. Front Cell Neurosci 2021; 15:765217. [PMID: 34795562 PMCID: PMC8592913 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2021.765217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2021] [Accepted: 10/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Metabolic syndromes are frequently associated with dementia, suggesting that the dysregulation of energy metabolism can increase the risk of neurodegeneration and cognitive impairment. In addition, growing evidence suggests the link between infections and brain disorders, including Alzheimer's disease. The immune system and energy metabolism are in an intricate relationship. Infection triggers immune responses, which are accompanied by imbalance in cellular and organismal energy metabolism, while metabolic disorders can lead to immune dysregulation and higher infection susceptibility. In the brain, the activities of brain-resident immune cells, including microglia, are associated with their metabolic signatures, which may be affected by central nervous system (CNS) infection. Conversely, metabolic dysregulation can compromise innate immunity in the brain, leading to enhanced CNS infection susceptibility. Thus, infection and metabolic imbalance can be intertwined to each other in the etiology of brain disorders, including dementia. Insulin and leptin play pivotal roles in the regulation of immunometabolism in the CNS and periphery, and dysfunction of these signaling pathways are associated with cognitive impairment. Meanwhile, infectious complications are often comorbid with diabetes and obesity, which are characterized by insulin resistance and leptin signaling deficiency. Examples include human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection and periodontal disease caused by an oral pathogen Porphyromonas gingivalis. This review explores potential interactions between infectious agents and insulin and leptin signaling pathways, and discuss possible mechanisms underlying the relationship between infection, metabolic dysregulation, and brain disorders, particularly focusing on the roles of insulin and leptin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noriko Shinjyo
- School of Tropical Medicine and Global Health, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki, Japan.,Laboratory of Immune Homeostasis, WPI Immunology Frontier Research Center, Osaka University, Suita, Japan
| | - Kiyoshi Kita
- School of Tropical Medicine and Global Health, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki, Japan.,Department of Host-Defense Biochemistry, Institute of Tropical Medicine, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki, Japan
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