1
|
Petrone L, Peruzzu D, Altera AMG, Salmi A, Vanini V, Cuzzi G, Coppola A, Mellini V, Gualano G, Palmieri F, Panda S, Peters B, Sette A, Arlehamn CSL, Goletti D. Therapy modulates the response to T cell epitopes over the spectrum of tuberculosis infection. J Infect 2024; 89:106295. [PMID: 39343243 DOI: 10.1016/j.jinf.2024.106295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2024] [Accepted: 09/23/2024] [Indexed: 10/01/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Identifying stage-specific antigens is essential for developing tuberculosis (TB) diagnostics and vaccines. In a low TB endemic country, we characterized, the Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb)-specific immune response to a pool of Mtb-derived epitopes (ATB116), demonstrated as associated with TB disease. METHODS In this prospective observational cross-sectional study, we enrolled healthy donors (HD), subjects with TB disease, and TB infection (TBI) at baseline and therapy completion. T-cell response after whole blood stimulation with the peptide pools was characterized by ELISA, flow cytometry, and multiplex assay. RESULTS ATB116-specific IFN-γ response (by ELISA) significantly associates with Mtb regardless of infection/disease (p < 0.0001) and decreases during TB therapy (p = 0.0002). Flow cytometry confirms that ATB116-specific CD4+ T-cell response associated with Mtb regardless of infection/disease (p < 0.0001) and shows a significantly higher frequency of IFN-γ/IL-2 and central memory T-cells in TBI compared to TB (p = 0.016; p = 0.0242, respectively). CD4+ T cell-specific response decreases after TB therapy completion. The antigen-specific CD8+ T-cell response mirrors the CD4+ response. Finally, the multiplex assay analysis showed that ATB116 induces several immune factors in both TB and TBI. CONCLUSION We characterized the immune response to Mtb peptide pools that is modulated by TB therapy. These results are important for our understanding of TB immunopathogenesis and vaccine design.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Linda Petrone
- Translational Research Unit, National Institute for Infectious Diseases "Lazzaro Spallanzani"-IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Daniela Peruzzu
- Translational Research Unit, National Institute for Infectious Diseases "Lazzaro Spallanzani"-IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Anna Maria Gerarda Altera
- Translational Research Unit, National Institute for Infectious Diseases "Lazzaro Spallanzani"-IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Andrea Salmi
- Translational Research Unit, National Institute for Infectious Diseases "Lazzaro Spallanzani"-IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Valentina Vanini
- Translational Research Unit, National Institute for Infectious Diseases "Lazzaro Spallanzani"-IRCCS, Rome, Italy; UOS Professioni Sanitarie Tecniche, National Institute for Infectious Diseases Lazzaro Spallanzani-IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Gilda Cuzzi
- Translational Research Unit, National Institute for Infectious Diseases "Lazzaro Spallanzani"-IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Andrea Coppola
- Translational Research Unit, National Institute for Infectious Diseases "Lazzaro Spallanzani"-IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Valeria Mellini
- Respiratory Unit, National Institute for Infectious Diseases "Lazzaro Spallanzani"-IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Gina Gualano
- Respiratory Unit, National Institute for Infectious Diseases "Lazzaro Spallanzani"-IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Fabrizio Palmieri
- Respiratory Unit, National Institute for Infectious Diseases "Lazzaro Spallanzani"-IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Sudhasini Panda
- Center for Vaccine Innovation, La Jolla Institute for Immunology (LJI), La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Bjoern Peters
- Center for Vaccine Innovation, La Jolla Institute for Immunology (LJI), La Jolla, CA, USA; Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego (UCSD), La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Alessandro Sette
- Center for Vaccine Innovation, La Jolla Institute for Immunology (LJI), La Jolla, CA, USA; Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego (UCSD), La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | | | - Delia Goletti
- Translational Research Unit, National Institute for Infectious Diseases "Lazzaro Spallanzani"-IRCCS, Rome, Italy.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Stevens Barrón JC, Chapa González C, Álvarez Parrilla E, De la Rosa LA. Nanoparticle-Mediated Delivery of Flavonoids: Impact on Proinflammatory Cytokine Production: A Systematic Review. Biomolecules 2023; 13:1158. [PMID: 37509193 PMCID: PMC10377633 DOI: 10.3390/biom13071158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2023] [Revised: 07/15/2023] [Accepted: 07/19/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Flavonoids are a diverse group of plant-derived compounds that have been shown to have various health benefits, including anti-inflammatory effects. However, their use in the treatment of inflammatory diseases has been limited due to their low bioavailability. The nanoparticle-mediated delivery of flavonoids has been proposed as a potential solution to this issue, as it allows the sustained release of the flavonoids over time. There are several different nanoparticle systems that have been developed for flavonoid delivery, including polymeric nanoparticles, liposomes, and inorganic nanoparticles. This systematic review aims to evaluate the impact of nanoparticle-mediated delivery of flavonoids on pro-inflammatory cytokine production in various diseases. We analyzed the performance of flavonoid-encapsulated nanoparticles in regulating cytokine production in different in vitro and in vivo studies. To this end, we followed the guidelines of the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) to conduct a comprehensive search of the literature and to assess the quality of the included studies. The results showed that flavonoid-encapsulated nanoparticles significantly downregulated pro-inflammatory cytokines, such as TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6, and IL-18. In some cases, this effect was significantly greater than that observed with non-encapsulated flavonoids These findings suggest that nanoparticle-mediated delivery of flavonoids may have potential as a therapeutic approach for the treatment of inflammatory diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Christian Chapa González
- Instituto de Ingeniería y Tecnología, Universidad Autónoma de Ciudad Juárez, Ciudad Juárez 32310, Mexico
| | - Emilio Álvarez Parrilla
- Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas, Universidad Autónoma de Ciudad Juárez, Ciudad Juárez 32310, Mexico
| | | |
Collapse
|
3
|
Alonzi T, Repele F, Goletti D. Research tests for the diagnosis of tuberculosis infection. Expert Rev Mol Diagn 2023; 23:783-795. [PMID: 37561602 DOI: 10.1080/14737159.2023.2240230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2023] [Accepted: 07/20/2023] [Indexed: 08/12/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Despite huge efforts, tuberculosis (TB) is still a major public health threat worldwide, it is estimated that a quarter of the global population is infected by Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb). For controlling TB and reducing Mtb transmission it is fundamental to diagnose TB infection (TBI) as well as the progressors from TBI to disease to identify those requiring preventive therapy. At present, there is no gold standard test for TBI diagnosis although several new methodologies have been attempted. AREAS COVERED This review provides an update on the most recent approaches to develop reliable tests to diagnose TBI and progressors from infection to disease. Experimental tests are based on either the direct identification of Mtb (i.e., Mtb DNA upon host cells isolation; Mtb proteins or peptides) or host response (i.e., levels and quality of specific anti-Mtb antibodies; host blood transcriptome signatures). EXPERT OPINION The experimental tests described are very interesting. However, further investigation and randomized clinical trials are needed to improve the sensitivity and specificity of these new research-based tests. More reliable proofs-of-concept and simplification of technical procedures are necessary to develop new diagnostic tools for identifying TBI patients and those that will progress from infection to TB disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tonino Alonzi
- Translational Research Unit, Department of Epidemiology and Preclinical Research National Institute for Infectious Diseases L. Spallanzani-IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Federica Repele
- Translational Research Unit, Department of Epidemiology and Preclinical Research National Institute for Infectious Diseases L. Spallanzani-IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Delia Goletti
- Translational Research Unit, Department of Epidemiology and Preclinical Research National Institute for Infectious Diseases L. Spallanzani-IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Dow CT, Lin NW, Chan ED. Sarcoidosis, Mycobacterium paratuberculosis and Noncaseating Granulomas: Who Moved My Cheese. Microorganisms 2023; 11:microorganisms11040829. [PMID: 37110254 PMCID: PMC10143120 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms11040829] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2023] [Revised: 03/16/2023] [Accepted: 03/17/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Clinical and histological similarities between sarcoidosis and tuberculosis have driven repeated investigations looking for a mycobacterial cause of sarcoidosis. Over 50 years ago, "anonymous mycobacteria" were suggested to have a role in the etiology of sarcoidosis. Both tuberculosis and sarcoidosis have a predilection for lung involvement, though each can be found in any area of the body. A key histopathologic feature of both sarcoidosis and tuberculosis is the granuloma-while the tuberculous caseating granuloma has an area of caseous necrosis with a cheesy consistency; the non-caseating granuloma of sarcoidosis does not have this feature. This article reviews and reiterates the complicity of the infectious agent, Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis (MAP) as a cause of sarcoidosis. MAP is involved in a parallel story as the putative cause of Crohn's disease, another disease featuring noncaseating granulomas. MAP is a zoonotic agent infecting ruminant animals and is found in dairy products and in environmental contamination of water and air. Despite increasing evidence tying MAP to several human diseases, there is a continued resistance to embracing its pleiotropic roles. "Who Moved My Cheese" is a simple yet powerful book that explores the ways in which individuals react to change. Extending the metaphor, the "non-cheesy" granuloma of sarcoidosis actually contains the difficult-to-detect "cheese", MAP; MAP did not move, it was there all along.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Coad Thomas Dow
- McPherson Eye Research Institute, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53705, USA
| | - Nancy W Lin
- Division of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, National Jewish Health, Denver, CO 80206, USA
- Division of Pulmonary Sciences and Critical Care Medicine, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Edward D Chan
- Division of Pulmonary Sciences and Critical Care Medicine, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
- Department of Academic Affairs, National Jewish Health, Denver, CO 80206, USA
- Rocky Mountain Regional Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Department of Medicine, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
The role of IGRA in the diagnosis of tuberculosis infection, differentiating from active tuberculosis, and decision making for initiating treatment or preventive therapy of tuberculosis infection. Int J Infect Dis 2022; 124 Suppl 1:S12-S19. [PMID: 35257904 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijid.2022.02.047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2022] [Revised: 02/19/2022] [Accepted: 02/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The World Health Organization estimated that a quarter of the global population is infected by Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb). A better control of tuberculosis (TB) is based on the ability to detect Mtb infection, identifying the progressors to TB disease, undergoing to preventive therapy and implementing strategies to register the infections and treatment completion. DESIGN we reviewed the literature regarding the tests available for TB infection diagnosis, the preventive therapies options and the cascade of care for controlling TB at a public health level. RESULTS current tests for TB infection diagnosis as IFN-γ release assays or tuberculin skin tests are based on the detection of an immune response to Mtb in the absence of clinical disease. The main limit is their low accuracy to detect progressors to disease. New preventive treatments are available with short duration that are associated with better adherence. Options to register TB infections are presented. CONCLUSIONS Tests to diagnose TB infection are available but they lack accuracy to identify the progressors from infection to TB disease. Shorter preventive TB therapy are available but need to be implemented worldwide. A TB infection registry is crucial for improving the cascade of care leading to a better TB control.
Collapse
|